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İslâm Tarihi [Hz İslâm TarİHİ [Hz. Peygamber’den Zamanımıza Kadar] Darülfünûn Felsefe Müderrislerinden Şehbenderzâde Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi Ziya Nur Aksun YAYIN NU: 1318 KÜLTÜR SERİSİ: 765 T.C. KÜLTÜR ve TURİZM BAKANLIĞI SERTİFİKA NUMARASI: 16267 ISBN: 978-605-155-700-7 www.otuken.com.tr [email protected] Tek Cilt Halinde 1. Basım: 1974 4. BASIM ÖTÜKEN NEŞRİYAT A.Ş.® İstiklâl Cad. Ankara Han 65/3 • 34433 Beyoğlu-İstanbul Tel: (0212) 251 03 50 • (0212) 293 88 71 - Faks: (0212) 251 00 12 Editör: Erol Kılınç Kapak Tasarımı: Zafer Yılmaz Dizgi-Tertip: Ötüken Baskı ve Cilt: İmak Ofset Basım Yayın San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. Sertifika Numarası: 45523 Tel: (0212) 444 62 18 İstanbul- 20 Kitabın bütün yayın hakları Ötüken Neşriyat A.Ş.’ye aittir. Yayınevinden yazılı izin alınmadan, kaynağın açıkça belirtildiği akademik çalışmalar ve tanıtım faaliyetleri haricinde, kısmen veya tamamen alıntı 20 yapılamaz; hiçbir matbu ve dijital ortamda kopya edilemez, çoğaltılamaz ve yayımlanamaz. İçindekiler BU BASIM İÇİN ÖNSÖZ ......................................................................................................... 23 A. HİLMİ VE ESERİ HAKKINDA BİR KAÇ SÖZ ................................................................ 25 OKUYUCULARLA HASBİHAL.............................................................................................. 43 Giriş Birinci Bahis TARİH Tarih ..........................................................................................................................................51 Tarih, hurâfeler ve esâtir[mitoloji]’in fark .....................................................................51 Tarih ve kavimlerin rivâyeti ..............................................................................................52 Tarih öncesinin kısımları ....................................................................................................53 Tarihin taksimatı ...................................................................................................................53 Tarihin mehazları .................................................................................................................53 İkinci Bahis DİN, FELSEFE, FEN Akliyyun (Rationalistes) ......................................................................................................54 Zihniyyun (İdéalistes) ..........................................................................................................54 Hissiyyun (Le Sensualisme) ................................................................................................54 Tenkid felsefesi ve Reybiyyun (Le Criticisme)...............................................................55 İsbat ve Tekâmül felsefesi (Le Posivitisme et L’evolution) .........................................55 Maddiyyun ve Ferdiyyun (Le Matérialisme et Le Monisme matérialiste) ...........55 Vücûdiyyun ve Ruhâniyyun (Le Panteisme et le Spritualisme) ...............................55 İlâhiyyun (Le Deisme) .........................................................................................................55 Fennin selâhiyeti ...................................................................................................................55 Felsefenin selâhiyeti .............................................................................................................56 6 İslâm Tarihi Üçüncü Bahis DİN Dinin tarifi ...............................................................................................................................58 Din hissi ...................................................................................................................................59 Dinin lüzumu ve faydaları ..................................................................................................60 Dördüncü Bahis DİNSİZLİK VE NETİCELERİ Ahlâk fikrinin kaybolması ..................................................................................................65 Cemiyet ve hürriyet fikrinin kaybolması .......................................................................67 Saadetin kaybolması ............................................................................................................68 Beşinci Bahis DİNLERİN TASNİFİ Dinlerin Tasnifi ......................................................................................................................70 Hegel’in Tasnifi ......................................................................................................................71 Hartman’ın Tasnifi ................................................................................................................72 Tiele’in Tasnifi ........................................................................................................................72 Siyebec’in Tasnifi ...................................................................................................................73 Altıncı Bahis MANEVÎ KIYMETLERİ İTİBARIYLA DİNLERİN TASNİFİ Bâtıl din ....................................................................................................................................77 Mâkûl din ve Tabiî din .........................................................................................................77 Hak din ve Semavî din .........................................................................................................79 Muhtelit [karışık] din ...........................................................................................................83 Ek: Bahâîlik ............................................................................................................................85 Yedinci Bahis HIRİSTİYANLIĞIN VE DİNLERİN MÜNEKKİDLERİ Kant ........................................................................................................................................ 100 Spinoza .................................................................................................................................. 101 Strauss ................................................................................................................................... 102 Bauer ..................................................................................................................................... 103 Rénan ..................................................................................................................................... 103 İçindekiler 7 Sekizinci Bahis İSLÂM VE GAYRİMÜSLİM MÜNEKKİD VE MÜVERRİHLER Voltaire .................................................................................................................................. 104 De Bornie .............................................................................................................................. 104 Dozy ....................................................................................................................................... 104 Rénan ..................................................................................................................................... 105 Carre de Vaux ...................................................................................................................... 109 Garcin de Tassy J. H. ......................................................................................................... 111 Caussin de Perceval ........................................................................................................... 111 Weil ........................................................................................................................................ 111 Muir ....................................................................................................................................... 111 Chante Pie de la Cosie ....................................................................................................... 112 İslâm Tarihi MUKADDİME İslâmın iki türlü inkârcıları ............................................................................................. 115 Dozy ve benzerlerinin fikirleri ...................................................................................... 116 Tarihi eksik ve ruhsuz bırakan yarım hükümlü zanlar ......................................... 117 Tahrif edilmiş vak’alarla meslek ve maksada hizmet ettirmek illeti ................... 117 En doğru usûl ...................................................................................................................... 120 Birinci Bahis ARAP YARIMADASI VE ARAP KAVMİ Arab yarımadası ................................................................................................................. 121 Tabiî ahvâl ............................................................................................................................ 121 Araplar: Arab-ı A’ribe, Arab-ı Müsta’ribe, Âl-i Adnan ve Kureyş, Hâşimîler ve Emevîler ................................................................................................. 125 Peygamberin nesebi .......................................................................................................... 129 Araplarda ilm-i ensâb ....................................................................................................... 129 İkinci Bahis İSLÂMDAN EVVEL ARAPLAR Dinî şekiller .......................................................................................................................... 130 İbrahim dini ......................................................................................................................... 131
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