NewsNews fromfrom thethe NSFNSF DivisionDivision ofof PhysicsPhysics

JoeJoe DehmerDehmer DivisionDivision ofof PhysicsPhysics

BPABPA NovemberNovember 6,6, 20092009 Division of Physics

AMOP Theoretical Gravitational Physics Physics Physics

Elementary Nuclear Education & Particle Physics Physics Interdisc. Res.

Part. & Nucl. Physics of Accelerator Phy. Astrophysics Living Systems & Phy. Instrum.

Physics Physics @ Front.Centers Inform. Front. PHYSICSPHYSICS** FRONTIERSFRONTIERS,, circacirca 20092009 •• BoseBose--EinsteinEinstein Condensates,Condensates, AtomAtom ““LasersLasers”” •• DarkDark Matter,Matter, DarkDark EnergyEnergy,, CosmologyCosmology •• GravitationalGravitational WavesWaves (GW),(GW), GWGW AstronomyAstronomy •• NewNew FundamentalFundamental ParticlesParticles andand LawsLaws >> TeVTeV •• νν physicsphysics andand astrophysicsastrophysics •• StringString Theory,Theory, BranesBranes,, Duality,Duality, QuantumQuantum GravityGravity •• QuarkQuark--GluonGluon Plasma,Plasma, SupernovaSupernova DynamicsDynamics •• UltraUltra--Fast,Fast, UltraUltra--IntenseIntense LaserLaser FieldsFields •• CyberscienceCyberscience,, QuantumQuantum InformationInformation ScienceScience •• BiophysicsBiophysics ofof SingleSingle Molecules,Molecules, Cells,Cells, NetworksNetworks •• Complexity,Complexity, EmergentEmergent BehaviorBehavior * CMP in Division of Materials Research * CMP in Division of Materials Research 3 BROAD,BROAD, COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY--BASEDBASED ADVICEADVICE

•• AdAd HocHoc andand PanelPanel ReviewsReviews •• CommitteeCommittee ofof VisitorsVisitors •• HighHigh EnergyEnergy PhysicsPhysics AdvisoryAdvisory PanelPanel •• NuclearNuclear ScienceScience AdvisoryAdvisory CommitteeCommittee •• AstronomyAstronomy andand AstrophysicsAstrophysics AdvisoryAdvisory CommitteeCommittee •• MathematicalMathematical andand PhysicalPhysical SciencesSciences AdvisoryAdvisory CommitteeCommittee •• AmericanAmerican PhysicalPhysical SocietySociety DivisionsDivisions •• NationalNational ResearchResearch CouncilCouncil CommitteesCommittees •• NationalNational ScienceScience andand TechnologyTechnology CouncilCouncil WorkingWorking GroupsGroups •• WorkshopsWorkshops 4 AnAn ExampleExample ofof EmergenceEmergence ofof NewNew DiscoveryDiscovery PotentialPotential • What is dark matter? • What is dark energy? • How did the universe begin? • Was Einstein right about gravity? • How have ν shaped the universe? • What are nature’s most energetic particles? • Are protons stable? • Are there new states of matter at exceedingly high density/energy? • Are there additional dimensions? • How were elements Fe to U made? • Is a new theory needed at the highest energies and EM Fields? 5 AstroparticleAstroparticle PhysicsPhysics ProjectsProjects

• Gravitational Waves: LIGO/AdvLIGO (GEO, VIRGO, TAMA, 11 countries) • Cosmological : IceCube (NSF-OPP, Germany, Sweden, Belgium) • Underground Physics: DUSEL (DOE-HEP, NP) • Dark Matter: CDMS, XENON, WARP, ZEPLIN, LUX, DRIFT, COUPP (NSF-AST, DOE-HEP, INFN, PPARC, Germany, Poland) • Cosmic Rays: AUGER, HiRes, TA, Veritas, Milagro (NSF-AST, DOE-HEP, Japan, Korea, Canada, Ireland, Smithsonian, 17 more countries) • Neutrinos: Borexino, Double , CUORE (DOE- NP, INFN, France, Germany, Brazil, Japan, Russia, Spain, UK) • Structure of the Universe: ACT, SPT (NSF-AST, OPP) • B-Mode Polarization of CMB: QUIET (NSF-AST) • Origin of the Elements: NSCL (DOE-NP) RecentRecent SourcesSources ofof CommunityCommunity InputInput Workshops

NRC Physics 2010 Reports 7 LargeLarge HadronHadron ColliderCollider atat CERNCERN

27 km Tunnel in Switzerland & France

/+&352-(&7 3= 3; 81'(5*5281':25.6 CMS3RLQW 30 3; 30 7;  8- 8- 8- 5$ 3 0 ([LVWLQJ 8; 5= 8;& 8- 8-  ([LVWLQJ 5$ TOTEM 55 8/ 8- 8- 3; 55 8/ 8$ 3,//$5  8' 8/ 86 8/ 86 &  7'  30 3= 8$ 78  8: 8- ALICE 83 5$ 3= 8- 7;  5= &06 8- 8$ 8; 3RLQW 8- 8/ 8- 8- 8- 5$ 3RLQW 8/ 30 8: 86 8$ 8- 8- 7'  7=  3RLQW 1 8' 3RLQW 83

3RLQW

 8$ 30

3*& 8/ 3RLQW 5$ 30 ¾ 34 Agencies fund ATLAS 83  55 86 7=  8- 8: 8- 3; 8/ 3RLQW 8; 636 55 8$ 30 8- 77  8: 3; 8$ $/,&( 8- 8- 3RLQW 3*& 3= 5$ 3RLQW /66 30 8/ 5+ 86 ¾ 31 Agencies fund CMS 3; 30 3; 7= 7- 8- 30, 3;  8$ 8/ 5$ 8- 8- 86 7,  8- 55 8/ 8/ 8- 8- 7,  7;  ([LVWLQJ6WUXFWXUHV 8- 55 8- 57 8- 5$  /+&3URMHFW6WUXFWXUHV  5+ 8; 7,   8- 8- 8;  7,   /+&([FDYDWHG6WUXFWXUHV 57 ¾ Billion-dollar detectors 86$ /+&¶%· /+&&RPSOHWHG6WUXFWXUHV &( 67&(OMU $7/$6 LHCb /+&&RPSOHWHG6WUXFWXUHV &9(/+00$ ATLAS

8 DeepDeep UndergroundUnderground ScienceScience andand EngineeringEngineering LaboratoryLaboratory (DUSEL)(DUSEL)

• DUSEL is being envisioned as a unique, dedicated international underground education & research facility that would support potentially transformational experiments in multiple disciplines. • The U.S. particle, nuclear, and astrophysics communities have selected DUSEL as central to their national programs. • The engineering, geology and biology communities are proactively engaged, and participate in all aspects of DUSEL planning. • Development focused on the former Homestake Gold Mine (Lead, SD), the deepest mine in North America. Davis Cavern Sep 21, 2009

9 P5

NSF NSAC Review LRP NSF P5NSF Review Review NSF Annual Review S4 Awards PDR PASAG NSB Approves PDR

10 HomestakeHomestake –– HomeHome toto thethe DavisDavis DetectorDetector (Nobel(Nobel Prize,Prize, Physics,Physics, 2002)2002)

Raymond Davis, Jr.

Ray Davis 1965

Raymond Davis, Jr. was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos." He was the first scientist to detect solar neutrinos, ghostlike particles produced in the nuclear reactions that power the sun. In research from 1967– 1985 conducted at the Homestake Gold Mine, he consistently found only one‐third of the neutrinos that standard theories predicted. Experiments in the Davis Cavern 1990s using different detectors around the world eventually confirmed the solar discrepancy. Sep 21, 200911 Aerial View of Homestake Site

Water Treatment Plant

Open Yates Complex Cut

Town of Lead SDSTA 1km Surface Rights

Kirk Ross Complex Canyon Access

12 CurrentlyCurrently EnvisionedEnvisioned DUSELDUSEL LaboratoryLaboratory FootprintFootprint

Yates Shaft Ross Shaft

300’ Campus

Davis Cavity 4850’ Lab Modules

Large Cavity 4850’ Campus New Winze

Lab Module at 7400 7400’ Campus Deep Drilling Facility at 7400’ #6 Winze

13 DUSELDUSEL SolicitationSolicitation ProcessProcess

• Initiated at Town Meeting at NSF, March 2004. • Solicitation 1 (S1): – Define site‐independent science scope and infrastructure needs; unify the community (awarded Jan 2005). • Solicitation 2 (S2): – Develop conceptual designs (8 received, 2 awarded, Sep 2005). • Solicitation 3 (S3): – Site selection to initiate facility design for 1 potential MREFC candidate (4 received, 1 awarded –Homestake, U.C. Berkeley). – Total facility design: $47M from FY 2007 through FY 2011. • Solicitation 4 (S4): – Initiate technical designs for candidates for the DUSEL suite of experiments. – 25 proposals received January 9, 2009; reviewed spring 2009. – $21M total over three years, beginning in FY09.

14 DesignDesign ofof DUSELDUSEL FacilityFacility && InfrastructureInfrastructure

• First NSF annual review of the DUSEL Design Project held at U.C. Berkeley in January 2009. – 25‐member multi‐disciplinary expert panel.

• Recommended a proposal be submitted to NSF by UCB for funds to complete Preliminary Design.

• Proposal submitted May 2009, reviewed by NSF.

• Panel recommended to the NSF that proposal “must be funded.”

• Put forward for consideration by the National Science Board in August and September 2009.

15 DevelopingDeveloping thethe DUSELDUSEL ExperimentalExperimental Program:Program: S4S4

• Solicitation 4 (S4): called for proposals to develop designs and pursue targeted R&D for potential candidates for the DUSEL suite of experiments.

• 25 proposals received; 300 senior researchers named; 91 institutions. • Nine proposals funded in physics. • Seven proposals funded in BIO, – Dark matter GEO & ENG sciences: – Neutrino‐less double‐beta decay – Fracture processes – Large water Cerenkov detector (multipurpose) – Coupled processes – Underground accelerator – Subsurface imaging and sensing – Assaying sub‐facility – Fiber optic strain monitoring – CO sequestration • Total physics awards: $21M over 3 years. 2 – Eco‐hydrology & deep drilling • Total BGE awards: $3M.

NSF is committed to a rich, diverse, and multi‐disciplinary DUSEL research program.

16 DUSELDUSEL TargetTarget TimelineTimeline forfor MREFCMREFC

• January ’09: NSF Project Review #1. • February ’10: NSF Project Review #2. • December ’10: NSF Preliminary Design Review (PDR). • Spring ’11: Presentation of DUSEL MREFC proposal to National Science Board.

Above targets an FY 2013 construction start.

17 NSF/DOENSF/DOE CollaborationCollaboration

• NSF/DOE agreed to establish DUSEL Physics Joint Oversight Group (JOG) immediately after release of P5 report (May ’08). – NSF/PHY, DOE/OHEP, DOE/ONP. – Builds on successful NSF & DOE collaboration on Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in high energy physics. • DUSEL JOG will coordinate & oversee DUSEL experimental physics program. • DUSEL JOG Joint Statement of Intent transmitted to OMB/OSTP by NSF Director and DOE Under Secretary for Science (Aug ’09). – MoU in approximately 1 year. – Close coordination of evolving design. – Joint review process.

18 19 SouthSouth DakotaDakota DevelopmentDevelopment ofof SanfordSanford LabLab

• South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA) holds $124M for development of Sanford Laboratory. – $70M private benefactor (Sanford), $44M state SD, $10M HUD. • Will fund: – Education center. – Reentry and partial refurbishment of 4850L & 7400L. – Operations & Maintenance of Sanford Laboratory activities. • 80+ staff hired to date. • SDSTA began mine re‐entry late July 2007. Dewatering & treatment began 21 April 2008. • 4850L dry since May 2009 and being prepared to support early science experiments.

20 P5P5 RecommendationsRecommendations

• The Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) is a sub‐panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP). • Charged in Jan 2008 by NSF and DOE with recommending a 10‐year road map for particle physics. • From Executive Summary May 2008: “The panel recommends a world‐class neutrino program as a core component of the US program, with the long‐term vision of a large detector in the proposed DUSEL laboratory and a high‐intensity neutrino source at Fermilab.”

“The panel endorses the importance of a deep underground laboratory to particle physics and urges NSF to make this facility a reality as rapidly as possible. Furthermore the panel recommends that DOE and NSF work together to realize the experimental particle physics program at DUSEL.”

• Fermilab/DUSEL program recommended by P5 constitutes the primary element of the on‐shore U.S. particle physics program during the coming decade. 21 WorldwideWorldwide UndergroundUnderground ResearchResearch

(Excludes large cavities)

22 Community Planning Activities & Reports

• Community Activities, Advisory Committee Reports – Bahcall Report (2001) – Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) Long‐Range Plan (2002) – International Workshop on Neutrinos and Subterranean Science (NESS, 2002) – High Energy Physics Advisory Committee (HEPAP) Long‐Range Plan (2003) – EarthLab (2003) – DOE 20‐yr. Facility Plan (2003) – The Neutrino Matrix (Four APS Divisions, 2004) – Quantum Universe –The Revolution in 21st Century Particle Physics (2004) – Deep Science (2006) – The Frontiers of Nuclear Science: A Long Range Plan (2007), Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC). – Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5): A Strategic Plan for the Next Ten Years (2008) • National Research Council, National Science and Technology Council Reports – Connecting Quarks to the Cosmos (2003) – Neutrinos and Beyond (2003) – Physics of the Universe –A Strategic Plan for Federal Research at the Intersection of Physics and Astronomy (2004) – Revealing the Hidden Nature of Space and Time (EPP2010, 2006) 23