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Results in Neutrino Oscillations from Super-Kamiokande I

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Results in Neutrino Oscillations from Super-Kamiokande I Status of the RENO Reactor Neutrino Experiment RENO = Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (For RENO Collaboration) K.K. Joo Chonnam National University February 15, 2011 Research Techniques Seminar @FNAL Outline Experiment Goals of the RENO Exp. - Short introduction - Expected q13 sensitivity - Systematic uncertainty Overview of the RENO Experiment - Experimental Setup of RENO - Schedule - Tunnel excavation - Status of detector construction - DAQ, data analysis tools Summary Brief History of Neutrinos 1930: Pauli postulated neutrino to explain b decay problem 1933: Fermi baptized the neutrino in his weak-interaction theory 1956: First discovery of neutrino by Reines & Cowan from reactor 1957: Neutrinos are left-handed by Glodhaber et al. 1962: Discovery of nm by Lederman et al. (Brookhaven Lab) 1974: Discovery of neutral currents due to neutrinos 1977: Tau lepton discovery by Perl et al. (SLAC) 1998: Atmospheric neutrino oscillation observed by Super-K 2000: nt discovery by DONUT (Fermilab) 2002: Solar neutrino oscillation observed by SNO and confirmed by Kamland What NEXT? Standard Model Neutrinos in SM Neutrino Oscillation . Three types of neutrinos exist & mixing among them Oscillation parameters (q12 , q23 , q13) Not measured yet . Elementary particles with almost no interactions . Almost massless: impossible to measure its mass Neutrino Mixing Parameters Matrix Components: νe Ue1 Ue2 Ue3 ν1 3 Angles (θ ; θ ; θ ) 12 13 23 ν U U U ν 1 CP phase (δ) μ μ1 μ2 μ3 2 2 Mass differences ντ Uτ1 Uτ2 Uτ3 ν3 1 0 0 c 0 s ei c s 0 13 13 12 12 U 0 c23 s23 0 1 0 s12 c12 0 i 0 s23 c23 s13e 0 c13 0 0 1 atmospheric SK, K2K The Next Big Thing? SNO, solar SK, KamLAND ≈ ≈ ° q23 qatm 45 q12 ≈qsol ≈ 32° Large and maximal mixing! Reduction of reactor neutrinos due to oscillations Disappearance Reactor neutrino disappearance Prob. due 2 to q13 with the allowed 2 range in m23 2 sin 2q13 > 0.01 with 10 t •14GW •3yr ~ 400 t•GW•yr (400 t•GW•yr: a 10(40) ton far detector and a 14(3.5) GW reactor in 3 years) Experimental Method of q13 Measurement νe Oscillations observed as a νe ν e deficit of anti-neutrinos ν νe e νe 1.0 sin22θ e 13 flux before oscillation observed here 2 2 4 2 2 1.27m12L 2 2 1.27m13L Pne ne1cos q13sin 2q12sin sin 2q13sin Probabilité ν Probabilité E E n n Distance 1200 to 1800 meters Find disappearance of ne fluxes due to neutrino oscillation as a function of energy using multiple, identical detectors to reduce the systematic errors in 1% level. Expected Number of Neutrino Events at RENO • 2.73 GW per reactor ⅹ 6 reactors • 1.21x1030 free protons per targets (16 tons) • Near : 1,280/day, 468,000/year • Far : 114/day, 41,600/year 3 years of data taking with 70% efficiency Near : 9.83x105 ≈ 106 (0.1% error) Far : 8.74x104 ≈ 105 (0.3% error) RENO Expected Sensitivity New!! (full analysis) 10x better sensitivity than current limit Expected Systematic Uncertainty Systematic Source CHOOZ (%) RENO (%) Reactor antineutrino flux and 1.9 < 0.1 Reactor related cross section absolute Reactor power 0.7 0.2 normalization Energy released per fission 0.6 < 0.1 Number of protons H/C ratio 0.8 0.2 in target Target mass 0.3 < 0.1 Positron energy 0.8 0.1 Positron geode distance 0.1 0.0 Neutron capture (H/Gd ratio) 1.0 < 0.1 Detector Efficiency Capture energy containment 0.4 0.1 Neutron geode distance 0.1 0.0 Neutron delay 0.4 0.1 Positron-neutron distance 0.3 0.0 Neutron multiplicity 0.5 0.05 combined 2.7 < 0.5 Principle of Neutrino Detection γ(0.511MeV) e - Use inverse beta decay (v + p e+ + n) e + γ(0.511MeV) e ν e reaction process p prompt signal Prompt part: n subsequent annihilation of the positron Delayed signal 30μs γ to two 0.511MeV γ Delayed part: Gd neutron is captured E ~ 8MeV γ γ ~200ms w/o Gd ~ 30ms w Gd Gd has largest n absorption cross section & emits high energy Signal Property Signal from neutron capture 1~8MeV 8MeV ~2.2MeV w/o Gd 30μs ~ 8MeV w Gd t Measure prompt signal & delayed signal “Delayed coincidence” reduces backgrounds drastically World Competition in Reactor Neutrino Experiments Thermal Distances Depth Target Mass Cost # of Experiments Location Power Near/Far Near/Far (tons) (US $) Collab (GW) (m) (mwe) orators Double-CHOOZ France 8.7 410/1050 115/300 10/10 ~30M >160 RENO Korea 17.3 290/1380 120/450 16/16 ~10M 40 360(500)/1985 Daya Bay China 11.6 260/910 402/80 ~60M >230 (1613) Double-Chooz is expected to complete construction in 2012 RENO will finish its construction by Feb 2011 Daya Bay is expected to finish its construction in 2012 Reactor Neutrino Experiments Double-CHOOZ (France) Braidwood (USA) KASKA (Japan) Daya Bay (China) Near Detectors Far Detector Double-CHOOZ Double-Chooz Collaboration: France, US, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain & Russia * Proposal (June 20, 2006) : hep-ex/0606025 Daya Bay Daya Bay Collaboration: China, US, Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Russia & Taiwan * Proposal to DOE (Jan. 15, 2007): hep-ex/0701029 RENO Collaboration (13 institutions and 40 physicists) Chonbuk National University Chonnam National University Chung-Ang University Dongshin University Gyeongsang National University Kyungpook National University Pusan National University Sejong University Seokang Information University Seokyeong University Seoul National University Sungkyunkwan University California State University Domingez Hills, USA +++ http://neutrino.snu.ac.kr/RENO International collaborators are being invited YongGwang Nuclear Power Plant Located in the west coast of southern YongGwang(靈光): part of Korea = glorious[splendid] light ~400 km from Seoul 6 reactors are lined up in roughly equal distances and span ~1.3 km Total average thermal output ~16.4GWth (2nd largest in the world) RENO Experimental Setup Google Satellite View of Experimental Site Schematic View of Underground Facility 200m high Near Detector 70m high Reactors 100m 300m 290m 1,380m Far Detector 72 188 70 89 200 1678 25,5 RENO Detector 77 3130 238 3730 76 86 66 212 212 5580 240 350 ?85 acrylic 1500 280 75 85 880 570 200 600 75 85 570 2200 4000 5400 2200 1500 Thick Mass vessel Material (cm) (tons) Acrylic Gd(0.1%) Target 140 15.4 (10mm) +LS Gamma Acrylic 60 LS 27.5 catcher (15mm) Mineral Buffer 70 SUS(5mm) 59.2 oil • Inner PMTs: 342 10” PMTs Steel • solid angle coverage = 12.6% Veto 150 water 354.7 • Outer PMTs: ~ 60 10” PMTs (15mm) total ~460 tons Schedule 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 ActivitiesActivities 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 Detector Design & Specification Geological Survey & Tunnel Design Detector Construction Excavation & Underground Facility Construction Detector Commissioning & Data Taking Tunnel facility, detector structure & buffer steel tanks completed June 2010 : Acrylic containers installed Aug. 2010 : PMT test completed Aug. ~ Dec. 2010 : Installation of PMTs and veto tyvek Jan. 2011 : Installation of DAQ & HV and detector closing Feb. 2011 : Installation of liquid handling system Apr. 2011 : Start data taking Efforts for Underground Facility • 03~08, 2006 : Project description to local government, residents, and NGO’s (endorsed by local government) • 03, 2007 : Agreement between KHNP and SNU • 03~10, 2007 : Geological survey and tunnel design are completed. • 12, 2007 : Public hearing for YG residents • 01, 2008 : Safety regulation established and accepted by the atomic energy department of MOST • 05~11, 2008 : Tunnel construction Rock sampling (DaeWoo Engineering Co.) Rock samples from boring Rock Quality Map (2007.3~2007.8) • Near detector site: - tunnel length : 110m - overburden height : 46.1m • Far detector site: - tunnel length : 272m - overburden height : 168.1m Design of Tunnel (2007.9~2007.11) Wing tunnel(L) Wing Access tunnel Experimental hall Wing tunnel(R) Wing Detector Experimental Access tunnel hall Detector Wing tunnel(R) vertical hall Tunnel Construction for Underground Facility Approval from government regulation („08. 01/05) Cleared local government regulations („08. 01∼‟08. 06) Preparation for tunnel excavation („08. 07) Tunnel Construction (2008.6~2008.12) by Daewoo Eng. Co. Korea Near & far tunnels are completed (2008.6~2009.3) by Daewoo Eng. Co. Korea Far site Near site Underground Peripheral Facility (2009. 7~12) Electric power and ground system Internet cable and mobile telephone network Experimental Hall Detector vertical halls are ready (2008.12~2009.2) Buffer steel tanks are installed (2009.6~2009.11) by NIVAK Co. Korea Acrylic vessels are made and installed (2009.7~2010.6) by KOATECH Co. Korea Acrylic Delivery Installation of Acrylic Vessels (2010. 6) Near site Near site Nov.28 (Sun) 근거리 Nov.30 (Tue) 근거리 Target 압력 Gamma catcher 압력 미압계 (mbar) Target 압력(corrected) 대기압 (mbar) 미압계 (mbar) Gamma catcher 압력(corrected) 대기압 (mbar) 4.0 1026 4.0 1019 대기압 대기압 3.0 3.0 1025 1018 2.0 2.0 1024 1017 1.0 1.0 0.0 1023 0.0 1016 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Time (hour) Time (hour) Far site Far site Jan.10 (Mon) 원거리 Jan.13 (Thu) 원거리 Target 압력 Gamma catcher 압력 미압계 (mbar) 대기압 (mbar) 미압계 (mbar) 대기압 (mbar) Target 압력(corrected) Gamma catcher 압력(corrected) 4.0 1022 4.00 1025 대기압 대기압 3.0 3.00 1024 2.0 1021 2.00 1023 1.0 1.00 1022 0.0 1020 0.00 1021 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (hour) Time (hour) Trailer Research Facility & Guest Room (2009.
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