DOCSLIB.ORG

News Letter Since: 11/11/2016 Dr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
News Letter Since: 11/11/2016 Dr Editor-in-Chief Volume 1, Issue 7 News Letter Since: 11/11/2016 Dr. N.Anbazhagan Professor & Head, DM Associate Editor Mrs. B. Sundara Vadivoo We are delighted to bring to you this issue of ALU Mathematics Assistant Professor, DM News, a monthly newsletter dedicated to the emerging field of Editors Mathematics. This is the first visible ―output from the Department Dr. J. Vimala of Mathematics, Alagappa University. We are committed to make Assistant Professor, DM Dr. R. Raja ALU Mathematics News a continuing and Assistant Professor, RCHM effective vehicle to promote Dr. S. Amutha Assistant Professor, RCHM communication, education and networking, Dr. R. Jeyabalan as well as stimulate sharing of research, Assistant Professor, DM innovations and technological Dr. M. Mullai developments in the field. However, we Assistant Professor, DDE would appreciate your feedback regarding Technical & Editorial how we could improve this publication and Assistance enhance its value to the community. We are R.Suganya VS.Anushya Ilamathy keen that this publication eventually grows Dr. N. Anbazhagan D.Gandhi Mathi beyond being a mere ―news letter to J.Arockia Reeta become an invaluable information resource K.Surya prabha C.Sowmiya for the entire Mathematics community, and look forward to your L.Vijayalakshmi inputs to assist us in this endeavor. FIELDS MEDAL Fields Medal is highest honored award for Mathematics and its a prize awarded to two,three or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union(IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. Affiliation at the ce California Year Name time of the award Wend 2006 Werner Université Paris-Sud CNRS - Institut de elin Avila Mathématiques de Institut des Hautes 2014 Artur Cordeiro Laure Jussieu-Paris Rive 2002 Lafforgue Études Scientifiques de Melo nt Gauche Manj Princeton Vladi Institute for 2014 Bhargava 2002 Voevodsky ul University, mir Advanced Study Marti University of Richa University of 2014 Hairer 1998 Borcherds n Warwick rd E. Cambridge Mary W. 2014 Mirzakhani Stanford University University of am 1998 Timot Gowers Cambridge Université Paris-Sud hy Ngô 2010 Châu 11 and Institute for Institut des Hautes Bao Maxi Advanced Study 1998 Kontsevich Études Scientifiques m Lindenstra Hebrew University 2010 Elon uss of Jerusalem Curtis 1998 McMullen Harvard University Stanis T. 2010 Smirnov University of Geneva lav K. Institut des Hautes École Normale 1994 Jean Bourgain Études Scientifiques Cédri Supérieure de Lyon 2010 Villani c and Institut Henri Pierr Université de Paris- Poincaré 1994 e- Lions Dauphine, Andr Louis CEREMADE 2006 Okounkov Princeton University ei Jean- Université de Paris- 1994 Yoccoz 2006 Teren Tao University of Christ Sud (Orsay) ophe David University of 1974 Bryan Mumford Harvard University Efim Wisconsin (now at t 1994 Zelmanov I. the University of University of 1970 Alan Baker Chicago) Cambridge Steklov Heisu Vladi 1970 Hironaka Harvard University 1990 Drinfeld Mathematical ke mir Institute Serge Belorusskii 1970 Novikov Vaug P. University 1990 han Jones Columbia University John University of F.R. 1970 Grigg Thompson Chicago Shigef s 1990 Mori Harvard University umi Micha Edwa el 1990 Witten Princeton University 1966 Atiyah University of Oxford rd Franc Simo is 1986 Donaldson University of Oxford n K Paul 1986 Gerd Faltings Princeton University 1966 Josep Cohen Stanford University h Micha University of 1986 Freedman Alexa Grothendie el H. California 1966 University of Paris nder ck Institut des Hautes Steph University of 1982 Alain Connes Études Scientifiques 1966 Smale en California Willia Hörmande Stockholm 1982 Thurston Princeton University 1962 Lars m P. r University Shing Institute for John 1982 Yau -Tung Advanced Study 1962 Willa Milnor Princeton University rd Pierr Institut des Hautes 1978 e Deligne Études Scientifiques Klaus René 1958 Fried Roth London University rich Charl University of 1978 es Fefferman Princeton University 1958 René Thom Louis Strasbourg Kunih Grego 1954 Kodaira Princeton University ri iko University of 1978 Aleks Margulis Jean- Moscow andro 1954 Pierr Serre Collège de France vitch e Massachusetts Laure Danie 1950 Schwartz Nancy University 1978 Quillen Institute of nt l G. Technology (MIT) Institute for 1950 Atle Selberg Enric Advanced Study 1974 E Bombieri University of Pisa o Lars Massachusetts 1936 Valeri Ahlfors Harvard University 1936 Jesse Douglas Institute of an Technology (MIT) 2. Satyendra Nath Bose TOP 10 INDIAN MATHEMATICIANS Since ancient times, India has a rich history of producing great mathematicians and astronomers. Some famous and popular mathematicians include Brahmagupta, Varahamithira, Aryabhata, Bandhayana who were still praised today for their contribution toward the subject. With the advancement in education, the subject of Born in Kolkata in 1884, Satyendra Nath mathematics has become more specialized Bose is one of the most prominent Indian and conceptual. World has seen the mathematicians. In year 1924, Bose sent emergence of several Indian mathematics his mathematical finds to Albert Einstein in last two century. We have listed below which lead to the discovery of Bose- the contribution of top 10 Great Indian Einstein condensate phenomenon. In 1954, Mathematicians from modern time. Government of India awarded Padma Vibhushan for his contribution in 1.Srinivasa Ramanujan mathematics. 3. C.S.Seshadri Srinivasa Ramanujan was a mathematic genius who won several accolades in field of mathematics. His was known for his Seshadri completed his graduation from contribution in analytical theory of Madras University and PhD from Bombay numbers, elliptic functions, continued University in year 1958. He is known for fractions and infinite series. On his his contribution in algebraic geometry. He nd birthday on 22 December, Tamil Nadu invented seshadri constant and government celebrates state IT Day. Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem. Government of India awarded him with Padma Bhushan in 2009 to recognize his Padma Vibhushan in 2001 for his contribution in field of Mathematics. contribution in mathematics. 4. P.C.Mahalanobis 6. Harish Chandra P.C.Mahalanobis was a renowned Indian Harish Chandra was a famous American statistician who completed his education in physicist and mathematician from Indian physics and mathematics from University origin. He pursued his masters under the of Cambridge. He is known for discovering supervision of Homi Bhabha. He was D2-statistics which is used for divergence worked on several mathematical theories based grouping. Government of India with renowned mathematicians from all felicitated him with Padma Vibhushan in across the world. In 1954 he received Cole 1968 for his contribution in statistics. Prize of the American Mathematical Society. 5. C.R.Rao 7. Narendra Karmarkar C.R.Rao is one of the prominent American In year 1957, Narendra Karmarkar was statisticians from Indian Origin. Born in born in Gwalior. He has completed his 1920 in Karnataka, Rao completed his graduation in electrical engineering from masters in mathematics from Andhra IIT Bombay and went to USA for post University. He is known for his graduation and Ph.D. Karmarkar was contribution in discovering Cramer-Rao famous for his contribution in inventing bound and the Rao-Blackwell theorem. polynomial algorithm for linear Government of India felicitated him with programming. In year 2000, he received Paris Kanellakis Award for his work in the mathematical problem solving capability. field of Mathematics. He has contributed a lot toward the mathematical field especially in field of 8. D.R.Kaprekar algebra and geometry. In 1973, Ramanujam was elected as a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences. 10. Shakuntala Devi D.R.Kapreka was yet another great mathematician who was born on in Shakuntala Devi was one of the most Mumbai in Year 1905. Kapreka pursued his popular mathematics geniuses of Indian graduation from University of Mumbai and origin. She was regarded as ‘Human started working as a teacher. Kapreka Computer’ because of her inborn capability contributed lot towards various topics to solve most complex calculation with including recurring decimals, magic using any calculator. Due to her squares and integers with special outstanding mathematical problem solving properties. The kaprekar number goes to capability, she won the first place at him. Guinness Book of World Records in 1995. She has even defeated UNIUAC, the fastest 9. C.P.Ramanujam computer’s time of 62 second to solve the 23rd root of a 201-digit number. C.P.Ramanujam was one of the great mathematicians born in Chennai in year 1938. During his doctoral examination at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1957, Ramanujam impressed all his teachers and fellow students with his MATHS PUZZLES 1) Can you find four consecutive prime 8+6+3=482466 numbers that add up to 220? 5+4+5=202541 Answer Then 7+2+5=? 47+53+59+61=220. Answer 143547 2) Find three positive whole numbers that have the same answer added 6) Replace the ‘?’ by any mathematical together or when multiplied symbol to make the expression together? equal to 111. 18?12?2?3=111. Answer Answer 1,2&3. 18×12÷2+3=111. 1×2×3=6 and 1+2+3=6. 7) Today my car meter reads as 72927 3) When Deepak was six years old he kms. I notes that this is a hammered a nail into his favourite palindrome. How many minimum tree to mark his height. Five years kms I need to travel so my car meter later at age eleven, Deepak returned find another palindrome. to see how much higher the nail was. If the tree grew by ten inches each Answer year, how much higher would the 110 kms. nail be? 72927+110=73037, a palindrome. Answer The nail would be at the same height 8) Can you arrange for nines to make it since trees grow at their tops. equal to 100. Hint: use two mathematical symbols. 4) In a new Engineering Hostels Answer containing 100 rooms. Ramesh was 99+(9/9) = 100.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Saga of Indian Scientists
    BOOK Review scientists, all of them were born before Independence, 25 of them in the 19th century. Hoariest among them is our spirited THE SAGA OF nationalist mathematician, Radhanath Sikdar, famous for measuring the height of Mt. Everest. He is also ‘one of the earliest pioneers of popular science writing in the country’. INDIAN SCIENTISTS He was born in 1813. By Vinod Varshney Most of these scientists were exposed to western scientific culture and conducted some of their important research, if not all, in the well-equipped labs abroad, but their mission had always been to develop science and technology in India. Treading in the footsteps of their seniors, the younger lot too resolutely took upon themselves to grapple with post- independence challenges to promote scientific and technological capabilities constrained with meagre infrastructural resources. They indeed laid a credible foundation of the much-needed science and technology base in the country which has today mushroomed into over 5,000 labs where approximately 5 lakh scientists work. The bio-sketches have been written by seasoned science writers and journalists who have deployed their ingenuity in presenting multiple facets of their scientific work, thinking and personality and also events that helped mould their outlook. But this has been done in a tiny space – only three pages per scientist. In such a niggardly space they could not have satiated readers’ hunger to know the complete complex scenario which existed in their time and blow by blow account of their vision Title: INDIAN SCIENTISTS and spirit. THE SAGA OF INSPIRED MINDS Most bio-piece scribblers have attempted to explore the Author: Biman Basu, Sukanya Datta, heart, soul and time of the scientists, making them pleasurable T.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Puzzles on Mathematics, Computation, and Games
    P. I. C. M. – 2018 Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 1 (551–606) THREE PUZZLES ON MATHEMATICS, COMPUTATION, AND GAMES G K Abstract In this lecture I will talk about three mathematical puzzles involving mathemat- ics and computation that have preoccupied me over the years. The first puzzle is to understand the amazing success of the simplex algorithm for linear programming. The second puzzle is about errors made when votes are counted during elections. The third puzzle is: are quantum computers possible? 1 Introduction The theory of computing and computer science as a whole are precious resources for mathematicians. They bring up new questions, profound new ideas, and new perspec- tives on classical mathematical objects, and serve as new areas for applications of math- ematics and mathematical reasoning. In my lecture I will talk about three mathematical puzzles involving mathematics and computation (and, at times, other fields) that have preoccupied me over the years. The connection between mathematics and computing is especially strong in my field of combinatorics, and I believe that being able to person- ally experience the scientific developments described here over the past three decades may give my description some added value. For all three puzzles I will try to describe in some detail both the large picture at hand, and zoom in on topics related to my own work. Puzzle 1: What can explain the success of the simplex algorithm? Linear program- ming is the problem of maximizing a linear function subject to a system of linear inequalities. The set of solutions to the linear inequalities is a convex polyhedron P .
    [Show full text]
  • Brahmagupta, Mathematician Par Excellence
    GENERAL ARTICLE Brahmagupta, Mathematician Par Excellence C R Pranesachar Brahmagupta holds a unique position in the his- tory of Ancient Indian Mathematics. He con- tributed such elegant results to Geometry and Number Theory that today's mathematicians still marvel at their originality. His theorems leading to the calculation of the circumradius of a trian- gle and the lengths of the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral, construction of a rational cyclic C R Pranesachar is involved in training Indian quadrilateral and integer solutions to a single sec- teams for the International ond degree equation are certainly the hallmarks Mathematical Olympiads. of a genius. He also takes interest in solving problems for the After the Greeks' ascendancy to supremacy in mathe- American Mathematical matics (especially geometry) during the period 7th cen- Monthly and Crux tury BC to 2nd century AD, there was a sudden lull in Mathematicorum. mathematical and scienti¯c activity for the next millen- nium until the Renaissance in Europe. But mathematics and astronomy °ourished in the Asian continent partic- ularly in India and the Arab world. There was a contin- uous exchange of information between the two regions and later between Europe and the Arab world. The dec- imal representation of positive integers along with zero, a unique contribution of the Indian mind, travelled even- tually to the West, although there was some resistance and reluctance to accept it at the beginning. Brahmagupta, a most accomplished mathematician, liv- ed during this medieval period and was responsible for creating good mathematics in the form of geometrical theorems and number-theoretic results.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Mathematics
    Indian Mathemtics V. S. Varadarajan University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA, March 3-5, 2008 Abstract In these two lectures I shall talk about some Indian mathe- maticians and their work. I have chosen two examples: one from the 7th century, Brahmagupta, and the other, Ra- manujan, from the 20th century. Both of these are very fascinating figures, and their histories illustrate various as- pects of mathematics in ancient and modern times. In a very real sense their works are still relevant to the mathe- matics of today. Some great ancient Indian figures of Science Varahamihira (505–587) Brahmagupta (598-670) Bhaskara II (1114–1185) The modern era Ramanujan, S (1887–1920) Raman, C. V (1888–1970) Mahalanobis, P. C (1893–1972) Harish-Chandra (1923–1983) Bhaskara represents the peak of mathematical and astro- nomical knowledge in the 12th century. He reached an un- derstanding of calculus, astronomy, the number systems, and solving equations, which were not to be achieved any- where else in the world for several centuries...(Wikipedia). Indian science languished after that, the British colonial occupation did not help, but in the 19th century there was a renaissance of arts and sciences, and Indian Science even- tually reached a level comparable to western science. BRAHMAGUPTA (598–670c) Some quotations of Brahmagupta As the sun eclipses the stars by its brilliancy, so the man of knowledge will eclipse the fame of others in assemblies of the people if he proposes algebraic problems, and still more, if he solves them. Quoted in F Cajori, A History of Mathematics A person who can, within a year, solve x2 92y2 =1, is a mathematician.
    [Show full text]
  • A Journey to the Scientific World
    A Journey to the Scientific World Ramesh C. Samanta JSPS post doctoral Fellow Chubu University, Japan June 15, 2016 India: Geographical Location and Description Total Area: 32,87,364 km2 (No. 7 in the world) Population: 1,251,695,584 (2015, No. 2 in the world) Capital: New Delhi Time Zone (IST): GMT + 5.30 hrs Number of States and Union Territories: 29 States and 7 Union Territories India: Languages and Religions In the history India has experienced several great civilizations in different part of it and they had different languages. This resulted several different languages: Majority from Indo Aryan civilization, Dravid civilization. Major Languages: Hindi and English Official Languages: Total 23 languages with countless dialect India is well known for its diversity of religious beliefs and practices. All the major religions of the world like Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity are found and practiced in India with complete freedom Weather in India Extreme climate of being tropical country !!! Hot summer (Temperature goes up to 50 oC) Windy monsoon (average rainfall 1000 mm per year) Pleasant Autumn Snowy winter in Northan part of India Indian Food Indian Spices Indian Curry North Indian Food South Indian Food Tourist Attractions in India Taj Mahal, Agra The Ganges, Varanasi Victoria memorial Hall , Kolkata Sea Beach, Goa India’s Great Personalities Netaji Subhas Jawaaharlal Rabindranath Mahatma Gandhi Chandra Bose Nehru Tagore Swami Sarojini Naidu Vivekananda B. R. Ambedkar Sri Aurobindo Indian Nobel Laureates Rabindranath Tagore C. V. Raman Har Gobind Khorana Nobel Prize in Nobel Prize in Physics, 1930 Nobel Prize in Medicine, Literature, 1913 1968 Mother Teresa Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Kailash Satyarthi Nobel Peace Prize 1979 Nobel Prize in chemistry 2009 Nobel Peace Prize 2014 Indian Scientists Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937): Known for pioneering investigation of radio and microwave optics and plant biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrity, Authentication and Confidentiality in Public-Key Cryptography Houda Ferradi
    Integrity, authentication and confidentiality in public-key cryptography Houda Ferradi To cite this version: Houda Ferradi. Integrity, authentication and confidentiality in public-key cryptography. Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2016. English. NNT : 2016PSLEE045. tel- 01745919 HAL Id: tel-01745919 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01745919 Submitted on 28 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University Préparée à l’École normale supérieure Integrity, Authentication and Confidentiality in Public-Key Cryptography École doctorale n◦386 Sciences Mathématiques de Paris Centre Spécialité Informatique COMPOSITION DU JURY M. FOUQUE Pierre-Alain Université Rennes 1 Rapporteur M. YUNG Moti Columbia University et Snapchat Rapporteur M. FERREIRA ABDALLA Michel Soutenue par Houda FERRADI CNRS, École normale supérieure le 22 septembre 2016 Membre du jury M. CORON Jean-Sébastien Université du Luxembourg Dirigée par
    [Show full text]
  • Rationale of the Chakravala Process of Jayadeva and Bhaskara Ii
    HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 2 (1975) , 167-184 RATIONALE OF THE CHAKRAVALA PROCESS OF JAYADEVA AND BHASKARA II BY CLAS-OLOF SELENIUS UNIVERSITY OF UPPSALA SUMMARIES The old Indian chakravala method for solving the Bhaskara-Pell equation or varga-prakrti x 2- Dy 2 = 1 is investigated and explained in detail. Previous mis- conceptions are corrected, for example that chakravgla, the short cut method bhavana included, corresponds to the quick-method of Fermat. The chakravala process corresponds to a half-regular best approximating algorithm of minimal length which has several deep minimization properties. The periodically appearing quantities (jyestha-mfila, kanistha-mfila, ksepaka, kuttak~ra, etc.) are correctly understood only with the new theory. Den fornindiska metoden cakravala att l~sa Bhaskara- Pell-ekvationen eller varga-prakrti x 2 - Dy 2 = 1 detaljunders~ks och f~rklaras h~r. Tidigare missuppfatt- 0 ningar r~ttas, sasom att cakravala, genv~gsmetoden bhavana inbegripen, motsvarade Fermats snabbmetod. Cakravalaprocessen motsvarar en halvregelbunden b~st- approximerande algoritm av minimal l~ngd med flera djupt liggande minimeringsegenskaper. De periodvis upptr~dande storheterna (jyestha-m~la, kanistha-mula, ksepaka, kuttakara, os~) blir forstaellga0. 0 . f~rst genom den nya teorin. Die alte indische Methode cakrav~la zur Lbsung der Bhaskara-Pell-Gleichung oder varga-prakrti x 2 - Dy 2 = 1 wird hier im einzelnen untersucht und erkl~rt. Fr~here Missverst~ndnisse werden aufgekl~rt, z.B. dass cakrav~la, einschliesslich der Richtwegmethode bhavana, der Fermat- schen Schnellmethode entspreche. Der cakravala-Prozess entspricht einem halbregelm~ssigen bestapproximierenden Algorithmus von minimaler L~nge und mit mehreren tief- liegenden Minimierungseigenschaften. Die periodisch auftretenden Quantit~ten (jyestha-mfila, kanistha-mfila, ksepaka, kuttak~ra, usw.) werden erst durch die neue Theorie verst~ndlich.
    [Show full text]
  • The Brahmagupta Triangles Raymond A
    The Brahmagupta Triangles Raymond A. Beauregard and E. R. Suryanarayan Ray Beauregard ([email protected]) received his Ph.D. at the University of New Hampshire in 1968, then joined the University of Rhode Island, where he is a professor of mathematics. He has published many articles in ring theory and two textbooks. Linear Algebra (written with John Fraleigh) is currently in its third edition. Besides babysitting for his grandchild Elyse, he enjoys sailing the New England coast on his sloop, Aleph One, and playing the piano. E. R. Suryanarayan ([email protected]) taught at universities in India before receiving his Ph.D. (1961) at the University of Michigan, under Nathaniel Coburn. He has been at the University of Rhode Island since 1960, where is a professor of mathematics. An author of more than 20 research articles in applied mathematics, crystallography, and the history of mathematics, he lists as his main hobbies music, languages, and aerobic walking. The study of geometric objects has been a catalyst in the development of number theory. For example, the figurate numbers (triangular, square, pentagonal, . ) were a source of many early results in this field [41.Measuring the length of a diagonal of a rectangle led to the problem of approxin~atingfi for a natural number N. The study of triangles has been of particular significance. Heron of Alexandria (c. A.D. 75)-gave the well-known formula for the area A of a triangle in terms of its sides: A = Js(s - a)(s- b)(s- c),where s = (a + b + c)/2 is the semiperimeter of the triangle having sides a,b, c [41.He illustrated this with a triangle whose sides are 13,14,15 and whose area is 84.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy in India
    TRADITIONSKnowledg & PRACTICES OF INDIA e Textbook for Class XI Module 1 Astronomy in India CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India TRADITIONSKnowledg & PRACTICESe OF INDIA Textbook for Class XI Module 1 Astronomy in India CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Preface India has a rich tradition of intellectual inquiry and a textual heritage that goes back to several hundreds of years. India was magnificently advanced in knowledge traditions and practices during the ancient and medieval times. The intellectual achievements of Indian thought are found across several fields of study in ancient Indian texts ranging from the Vedas and the Upanishads to a whole range of scriptural, philosophical, scientific, technical and artistic sources. As knowledge of India's traditions and practices has become restricted to a few erudite scholars who have worked in isolation, CBSE seeks to introduce a course in which an effort is made to make it common knowledge once again. Moreover, during its academic interactions and debates at key meetings with scholars and experts, it was decided that CBSE may introduce a course titled ‘Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India’ as a new Elective for classes XI - XII from the year 2012-13. It has been felt that there are many advantages of introducing such a course in our education system.
    [Show full text]
  • 31 Indian Mathematicians
    Indian Mathematician 1. Baudhayana (800BC) Baudhayana was the first great geometrician of the Vedic altars. The science of geometry originated in India in connection with the construction of the altars of the Vedic sacrifices. These sacrifices were performed at certain precalculated time, and were of particular sizes and shapes. The expert of sacrifices needed knowledge of astronomy to calculate the time, and the knowledge of geometry to measure distance, area and volume to make altars. Strict texts and scriptures in the form of manuals known as Sulba Sutras were followed for performing such sacrifices. Bandhayana's Sulba Sutra was the biggest and oldest among many Sulbas followed during olden times. Which gave proof of many geometrical formulae including Pythagorean theorem 2. Āryabhaṭa(476CE-550 CE) Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that it was composed 3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, when he was 23 years old. This corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476. Aryabhata called himself a native of Kusumapura or Pataliputra (present day Patna, Bihar). Notabl e Āryabhaṭīya, Arya-siddhanta works Explanation of lunar eclipse and solar eclipse, rotation of Earth on its axis, Notabl reflection of light by moon, sinusoidal functions, solution of single e variable quadratic equation, value of π correct to 4 decimal places, ideas circumference of Earth to 99.8% accuracy, calculation of the length of sidereal year 3. Varahamihira (505-587AD) Varaha or Mihir, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer who lived in Ujjain. He was born in Avanti (India) region, roughly corresponding to modern-day Malwa, to Adityadasa, who was himself an astronomer.
    [Show full text]
  • Stamps of India - Commemorative by Prem Pues Kumar [email protected] 9029057890
    E-Book - 26. Checklist - Stamps of India - Commemorative By Prem Pues Kumar [email protected] 9029057890 For HOBBY PROMOTION E-BOOKS SERIES - 26. FREE DISTRIBUTION ONLY DO NOT ALTER ANY DATA ISBN - 1st Edition Year - 1st May 2020 [email protected] Prem Pues Kumar 9029057890 Page 1 of 76 Nos. YEAR PRICE NAME Mint FDC B. 1 2 3 1947 1 21-Nov-47 31/2a National Flag 2 15-Dec-47 11/2a Ashoka Lion Capital 3 15-Dec-47 12a Aircraft 1948 4 29-May-48 12a Air India International 5 15-Aug-48 11/2a Mahatma Gandhi 6 15-Aug-48 31/2a Mahatma Gandhi 7 15-Aug-48 12a Mahatma Gandhi 8 15-Aug-48 10r Mahatma Gandhi 1949 9 10-Oct-49 9 Pies 75th Anni. of Universal Postal Union 10 10-Oct-49 2a -do- 11 10-Oct-49 31/2a -do- 12 10-Oct-49 12a -do- 1950 13 26-Jan-50 2a Inauguration of Republic of India- Rejoicing crowds 14 26-Jan-50 31/2a Quill, Ink-well & Verse 15 26-Jan-50 4a Corn and plough 16 26-Jan-50 12a Charkha and cloth 1951 17 13-Jan-51 2a Geological Survey of India 18 04-Mar-51 2a First Asian Games 19 04-Mar-51 12a -do- 1952 20 01-Oct-52 9 Pies Saints and poets - Kabir 21 01-Oct-52 1a Saints and poets - Tulsidas 22 01-Oct-52 2a Saints and poets - MiraBai 23 01-Oct-52 4a Saints and poets - Surdas 24 01-Oct-52 41/2a Saints and poets - Mirza Galib 25 01-Oct-52 12a Saints and poets - Rabindranath Tagore 1953 26 16-Apr-53 2a Railway Centenary 27 02-Oct-53 2a Conquest of Everest 28 02-Oct-53 14a -do- 29 01-Nov-53 2a Telegraph Centenary 30 01-Nov-53 12a -do- 1954 31 01-Oct-54 1a Stamp Centenary - Runner, Camel and Bullock Cart 32 01-Oct-54 2a Stamp Centenary
    [Show full text]
  • Three Puzzles on Mathematics Computations, and Games
    January 5, 2019 17:43 icm-961x669 main-pr page 551 P. I. C. M. – 2018 Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 1 (551–606) THREE PUZZLES ON MATHEMATICS, COMPUTATION, AND GAMES G K Abstract In this lecture I will talk about three mathematical puzzles involving mathemat- ics and computation that have preoccupied me over the years. The first puzzle is to understand the amazing success of the simplex algorithm for linear programming. The second puzzle is about errors made when votes are counted during elections. The third puzzle is: are quantum computers possible? 1 Introduction The theory of computing and computer science as a whole are precious resources for mathematicians. They bring up new questions, profound new ideas, and new perspec- tives on classical mathematical objects, and serve as new areas for applications of math- ematics and mathematical reasoning. In my lecture I will talk about three mathematical puzzles involving mathematics and computation (and, at times, other fields) that have preoccupied me over the years. The connection between mathematics and computing is especially strong in my field of combinatorics, and I believe that being able to person- ally experience the scientific developments described here over the past three decades may give my description some added value. For all three puzzles I will try to describe in some detail both the large picture at hand, and zoom in on topics related to my own work. Puzzle 1: What can explain the success of the simplex algorithm? Linear program- ming is the problem of maximizing a linear function subject to a system of linear inequalities.
    [Show full text]