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Савадлы Гадын Educating Women to Educate a Nation Образован

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Савадлы Гадын Educating Women to Educate a Nation Образован Фуад Ахундов Савадлы миллятин тямяли - савадлы гадын Щ.З.Таьыйевин Бакыдакы гызлар мяктяби Фуад Аkhундов Educating Women to Educate a Nation The Tagiyev School for Girls in Baku Ôóàä Àõóíäîâ Îáðàçîâàííàÿ æåíùèíà - ãàðàíò îáðàçîâàííîé íàöèè Æåíñêàÿ øêîëà Ã.Ç.Òàãèåâà â Áàêó Copyright © 2007 by UNDP and UNFPA Áó ÿñÿð óíèêàë, ùÿòòà èíãèëàáè áèð ùàäèñÿéÿ - Èñëàì äöíéàñûíäà ìöñÿëìàí ãûçëàð ö÷öí èëê êöáàð ìÿêòÿáèí òÿñèñ åäèëìÿñèíÿ ùÿñð îëóíìóøäóð. 1901-úè èëäÿ ýþðêÿìëè íåôò ñÿíàéå÷èñè Ùàæû Çåéíàëàáäèí Òàüûéåâ òÿðÿôèíäÿí ÿñàñû ãîéóëàí áó ìÿêòÿá íåôò ñÿðâÿòëÿðè ãèñìèíäÿ ãàðà ãûçûëûí áÿøÿðè ãûçûëà âÿ ÿí âàúèáè èñÿ ñàâàäëû àíà êàïèòàëûíà ÷åâðèëìÿñèíèí ÿéàíè òÿçàùöðöäöð. Ìÿêòÿáèí áàíèñè áó òÿùñèë îúàüûíûí òÿñèñ îëóíìàñûíà "ìöñÿëìàí ãûçëàðûí þç ÿñàñ èíñàí ùöãóãëàðûíû äÿðê åòìÿëÿðèíèí" éåýàíÿ éîëó êèìè áàõûðäû âÿ ÷îõ ìàðàãëûäûð êè, áó úöð áàõûøëàð ùÿëÿ ÁÌÒ-íèí òÿñèñ îëóíìàñûíäàí âÿ èíñàí ùöãóãëàðû ñàùÿñèíäÿ ÿñàñ áåéíÿëõàëã ñÿíÿäëÿðèí ãÿáóë îëóíìàñûíäàí éàðûì ÿñð ÿââÿëÿ àèä èäè. Òÿñàäöôè äåéèë êè, ìÿùç Òàüûéåâ ìÿêòÿáè Ù.Ç.Òàüûéåâèí èäåéàëàðûíû ëÿéàãÿòëÿ äàâàì åòäèðÿí õåéëè ñàéäà áþéöê àçÿðáàéúàíëû ìààðèô÷è ãàäûíëàð, ìöÿëëèìÿëÿð âÿ ñîíðàëàð ýþðêÿìëè øÿõñèééÿòëÿð éåòèøäèðÿí àíàëàð áÿõø åòìèøäèð. Ìÿùç áó èäåéàëàð áó ýöí ìöñòÿãèë Àçÿðáàéúàíûí äàâàìëû èíêèøàôûíà âÿ ñèâèëèçàñèéàëû ýÿëÿúÿéèíÿ çÿìèí éàðàäûð. The present work is dedicated to a unique phenomenon which is the first secular school for Muslim girls in the Islamic world. Established in 1901 in Baku by a self-made oil baron Hajji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev, the school proved to be a vivid example of transforming the black gold of oil into the human gold of an educated woman. The very idea of the school was viewed by its benefactor as the only way "to bring to a Muslim woman a comprehension of her inalienable human rights". What makes the whole idea all the more fascinating is that this occurred more than half a century prior to the foundation of the UN and adoption of the international legal instruments of human rights. No surprise the Taghiyev school for girls became an alma mater to the whole cohort of outstanding Azerbaijani educators and mothers of educated children. These women were capable of transmiting Taghiyev's ideas of enlightenment. It is these ideas that will be of key importance for ensuring sustain- able development and a civilized future for today’s independent Azerbaijan. Ïðåäëàãàåìàÿ ðàáîòà ïîñâÿùåíà óíèêàëüíîìó, åñëè íå ðåâîëþöèîííîìó ÿâëåíèþ - ïåðâîé â èñëàìñêîì ìèðå ñâåòñêîé øêîëå äëÿ äåâóøåê-ìóñóëüìàíîê. Îñíîâàííàÿ â 1901 ãîäó â Áàêó âèäíûì íåôòåïðîìûøëåííèêîì Ãàäæè Çåéíàëàáäèíîì Òàãèåâûì, øêîëà ñòàëà íàãëÿäíûì ïðèìåðîì òðàíñôîðìàöèè ÷åðíîãî çîëîòà íåôòÿíûõ êàïèòàëîâ â çîëîòî ÷åëîâå÷åñêîãî, è ÷òî åùå áîëåå âàæíî - ìàòåðèíñêîãî êàïèòàëà. Îòêðûòèå øêîëû âèäåëîñü åå îñíîâàòåëåì êàê åäèíñòâåííûé ñïîñîá "ïðèâåäåíèÿ ìóñóëüìàíîê ê îñîçíàíèþ ñâîèõ íåîòúåìëåìûõ ÷åëîâå÷åñêèõ ïðàâ", è ýòî çà äîáðûõ ïîëâåêà äî îñíîâàíèÿ ÎÎÍ è ïðèíÿòèÿ îñíîâîïîëàãàþùèõ ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ äîêóìåíòîâ ïî ïðàâàì ÷åëîâåêà. Îòíþäü íå ñëó÷àéíî, ÷òî èìåííî èç ñòåí øêîëû Òàãèåâà âûøëà öåëàÿ êîãîðòà çàìå÷àòåëüíûõ àçåðáàéäæàíñêèõ ïðîñâåòèòåëüíèö, ïåäàãîãîâ è ìàòåðåé âûäàþùèõñÿ ëè÷íîñòåé, ñóìåâøèõ äîñòîéíî ïðîäîëæèòü òàãèåâñêèå èäåè ïðîñâåùåíèÿ. Èìåííî ýòè èäåè ïðèçâàíû îáåñïå÷èòü óñòîé÷èâîå ðàçâèòèå è öèâèëèçîâàííîå áóäóùåå íåçàâèñèìîìó Àçåðáàéäæàíó ñåãîäíÿ. This book has been published with the support of the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and the UN Population Fund (UNFPA). Bu kitab BMT-nin Ènkisaf Proqramûnûn (BMTIP) vÿ BMT-nin ßhali Fondunun dÿstÿyi ilÿ nÿør edilmis- dir. Ýòà êíèãà èçäàíà ïðè ïîääåðæêå Ïðîãðàììû ðàçâèòèÿ ÎÎÍ (ÏÐÎÎÍ) è Ôîíäà íàðîäîíàñåëåíèÿ ÎÎÍ. The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations Development Programme or the United Nations Population Fund. Bu kitabda irÿli sörölÿn nþqteyi nÿzÿrlÿr möÿllifin fikirlÿrini ifadÿ edir vÿ BMT-nin Ènkisaf Proqramûnûn vÿ ya BMT-nin ßhali Fondunun fikirlÿri ilÿ ust-ustÿ dösmÿyÿ bilÿr. Òî÷êè çðåíèÿ, âûðàæåííûå â äàííîé ïóáëèêàöèè, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìíåíèåì àâòîðà è ìîãóò íå ñîâïàäàòü ñ âçãëÿäàìè Ïðîãðàììû ðàçâèòèÿ ÎÎÍ è Ôîíäà íàðîäîíàñåëåíèÿ ÎÎÍ. 2 Миннятдарлыг Дцнйасыны дяйишмиш анамын - эюркямли мцяллимя, маарифчи вя эюзял шяхсиййят Алла Крайевскайанын язиз хатирясиня итщаф едирям. Мян, юз сяйляри, тякидляри вя гадынларын маарифляндирилмяси вя Щ.З.Таьыйевин бу просесдяки ролу идейасына мараг эюстярмякля бу монографийанын ишыг цзц эюрмясиня кюмяк едян бир сыра инсанлара дярин миннятдарлыьымы билдирирям. Илк яввял, биринжи кцбар мцсялман гызлар мяктябинин ясасыны гойан атасынын адынын Совет дюврцндя тяблиь олунмасына гадаьа гойулмасына бахмайараг, щямин мяктябин мязунларынын саь икян хатирялярини топлайан, Щ.З.Таьыйевин гызы Сара Таьыйеванын язиз хатирясини бюйцк миннятдарлыг щисси иля йад етмяк истяйирям. Бу мязунларын щеч бири бу эцн щяйатда дейил, лакин хатиряляр йашамыш вя бу ишин ясас мянбяляриндян бири олмушдур. Онилликляр ярзиндя Таьыйев мяктябинин мязунлары барядя дяйярли мялуматлары горуйуб сахладыьына вя щафизясиндя йашатдыьына эюря Азярбайжан Дювлят Халг Маариф Музейиндян Алийя ханым Аббасовайа бюйцк миннятдарлыьымы билдирирям. Щ.З.Таьыйевин сащибкарлыг фяалиййятини тядгиг етмякля, тяк юз сярвятиня эюря йаддашлара щякк олунмайан уникал нефт сянайечиси феномени щагда арашдырмалара кюмяк едян жянаб Марат Ибращимова хцсуси тяшяккцрляр. Мяктябин тарихини жанландыран чох эюзял фотошякилляря эюря Азярбайжан Республикасы Дювлят Фото вя Кино Сянядляри Архивинин мцдиряси ханым Нина Фишевайа бюйцк миннятдарлыьымы билдирирям. Ейни заманда Азярбайжан Милли Елмляр Академийасынын няздиндя Дювлят Тарих музейинин директору Наиля ханым Вялиханлыйа, ветеран тядги- гатчы Нярминя ханым Тащирзадяйя, фотограф Муса Нясирова вя ямякдар ряссам Исмайыл Мяммядова хцсуси миннятдарлыьымы билдирирям. Бу монографийа иля ялагядар Азярбайжан Республикасы Дювлят Тарих Архивиня, о жцмлядян Вйачеслав Сямядов, Сабир Эянжяли, Манаф Сцлейманов кими, чох тез-тез ясярляриня истинад етдийим бир сыра диэяр тядгигатчылара чох миннятдарам. Китабын инэилис дилиндяки мятнини мцкяммял редактя етдийиня эюря ханым Линн Мориня вя азярбайжан дилиня сялис тяржцмяйя эюря жянаб Щамлет Бабайевя хцсуси тяшяккцрляр. Нящайят, лакин сон олмайараг, бу лайищя иля баьлы тяшяббцся вя онун малиййяляшдирилмясиня эюря БМТ-нин Инкишаф Програмына (УНДП) вя БМТ- нин Ящали Фондуна (UNFPA) хцсуси миннятдарлыьымы ифадя етмяк истяйирям. 3 Мцндярижат Юн сюз Щижран Щцсейнова...............................................................................................9 Ряна Ибращимбяйова.........................................................................................10 Эириш:..................................................................................................................20 - Азярбайжан жямиййяти 19-жу ясрин сонларында - 20-жи ясрин яввялляриндя - Бакыда Илк Нефт Йцксялиши (1872 - 1920) - нефт сянайечиляри жямиййятдя йени гцввя кими Щажы Зейналабдин Таьыйев феномени:............................................................34 - тяк юз сярвятиня эюря танынмайан инсан - гейри-нефт секторунун гурулмасында Таьыйевин ролу Азярбайжанда гызларын маарифляндирилмяси цчцн илкин шяраит: Ня цчцн гызлар?...................................................................................50 - Таьыйевин "тящсилли гыз тящсилли анадыр" фикри - мяктябин тясис олунмасына рясми вя гейри-рясми манеяляр - тякидляр йолу иля Таьыйевин тядбирлилийи Мяктяб реаллыьа чеврилир:..................................................................................64 - мяктяб цчцн щазырлыглар вя имканлар - мяктябин тясис олунмасына ижтимаиййятин мцнасибяти: пярястиш вя жошгу - мяктябя вя онун щамисиня Совет мцнасибяти Таьыйевин гызлар мяктябинин тясири:...............................................................96 - драм вя ъурналист фяалиййяти цчцн ожаьа чеврилян мяктяб - мяктяб мцяллимяляринин вя мязунларынын ихтисас сащяляри - Советляр вахты Таьыйевин маарифчилик идейаларынын йайылмасы Нятижя.............................................................................................................122 Таьыйев тяряфиндян тятбиг олундуьу кими гара гызылын бяшяри гызыла чеврилмяси идейасы Ялавя 1: Таьыйевин Йановскийя мяктубу......................................................132 Ялавя 2: Бакы рус-мцсялман гызлар мяктябинин Низамнамяси......................140 Ялавя 3: Бакы Александра рус-мцсялман гызлар мяктяби йанында мцсялман гадынлар цчцн икииллик педагоъи курсларын Низамнамяси..................150 Ялавя 4: Таьыйев мяктябинин мязуну Досту ханым Сяфярованын хатиряляри.................................................160 Истинадлар......................................................................................................166 4 Acknowledgements To the blessed memory of my late mother, Alla Krayevskaya, an outstand- ing teacher, educator, and a brilliant personality. I am deeply indebted to a number of persons whose efforts, perseverance and dedication to the idea of women's education and the role of the Taghiyev Girl School in this process were instrumental in this monograph's coming into being. First and foremost enormous thanks are due to the blessed memories of Sarah Taghiyeva and Safia Abdullayeva, the daughter and graddaughter of H.Z.Taghiyev, who, despite the fact that the very name of her father, the founder of the first secular school for Muslim girls, was tabooed in the Soviet time, managed to get recollections of the school's graduates while they were available. None of these ladies is alive today but their memories turned out to be an invaluable
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