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MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis Reintegrating Tyrol? Regionalist parties in South Tyrol and their responses to European Integration verfasst von / submitted by Patrick Utz, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien / Vienna, 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 824 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Politikwissenschaft degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Sieglinde Rosenberger Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Wien, im August 2016 i Abstract This thesis investigates the party positions that South Tyrolean regionalist parties hold towards European integration and the European Union from 1989 onwards. Focusing on the German speaking minority in Italy allows for the analysis of several regionalist parties that operate under the same institutional and historical conditions. The positions of the following South Tyrolean parties are scrutinized: the Südtiroler Volkspartei (SVP), the Grüne-Verdi-Vërc (Greens), die Freiheitlichen, the Union für Südtirol (UfS) and the Süd-Tiroler Freiheit (S-TF).These parties compete on a territorial (center-periphery) and a cultural (identity-based) conflict dimension. While parties with a clearer profile on the former conflict axis view European integration predominantly as a driver or an obstacle for territorial autonomy or secession, parties that put more emphasis on cultural issues tend to shape their perceptions of the EU accordingly. Whereas party positions on the cultural conflict dimension closely correlate with a party’s evaluation of the European integration process, this relationship does not hold for the territorial conflict dimension. Therefore, the SVP and the Greens support European integration, while die Freiheitlichen and the UfS are Eurosceptic. The S-TF holds a highly ambiguous stance towards the EU. Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit untersucht die Parteipositionen, die die regionalistischen Parteien Südtirols gegenüber der Europäischen Integration und der Europäischen Union seit 1989 einnehmen. Der Fokus auf die deutschsprachige Minderheit in Italien ermöglicht die Analyse verschiedener regionalistischer Parteien unter denselben institutionellen und historischen Kontextbedingungen. Die Positionen folgender Südtiroler Parteien werden beleuchtet: die Südtiroler Volkspartei (SVP), Grüne-Verdi-Vërc, die Freiheitlichen, die Union für Südtirol (UfS) und die Süd-Tiroler Freiheit (S-TF). Diese Parteien konkurrieren auf einer territorialen (Zentrum-Peripherie) und auf einer kulturellen (identitätsbezogenen) Konfliktachse. Parteien mit einer klaren Position auf der territorialen Achse sehen die Europäische Integration hauptsächlich als Triebfeder oder Hindernis für ihre Forderungen nach Autonomie oder Sezession, wohingegen Parteien mit einer stärkeren identitätspolitischen Ausrichtung ihre Bewertung der EU an diesen Maßstäben orientieren. Während Parteipositionen auf der kulturellen Konfliktachse eng mit der europapolitischen Ausrichtung einer Partei korrelieren, kann ein solcher Zusammenhang zwischen der territorialen Konfliktachse und der Bewertung der Europäischen Integration nicht festgestellt werden. Daraus ergibt sich, dass die SVP und die Grünen die Europäische Integration befürworten, während die Freiheitlichen und die UfS euroskeptisch sind. Die S-TF nimmt keine eindeutige Position gegenüber der EU ein. Riassunto Questa tesi investiga le posizioni che i partiti regionalisti altoatesini/sudtirolesi mantengono verso l'integrazione europea e l'Unione Europea dal 1989 in poi. Concentrandosi sulla minoranza di lingua tedesca presente in Italia permette analizzare i vari partiti regionalisti che operano nelle stesse condizioni istituzionali e storiche. Nel testo sono esaminate le posizioni dei seguenti partiti altoatesini/sudtirolesi: il Südtiroler Volkspartei (SVP), Grüne-Verdi-Vërc, die Freiheitlichen, l’Union für Südtirol (UfS) e la Süd-Tiroler Freiheit (S-TF). Questi partiti competono tanto su una dimensione territoriale (centro-periferia) come culturale (basata sull’identità). Mentre i partiti con un profilo più centrato sulla dimensione territoriale vedono l'integrazione europea prevalentemente come un facilitatore o un ostacolo per l'autonomia territoriale o la secessione, i partiti che enfatizzano maggiormente sulle questioni culturali tendono a modellare la loro valutazione dell’UE in accordo con tali norme. Le posizioni dei partiti sulla dimensione culturale presentano una stretta correlazione con l’orientamento della politica europea di un partito, però, una tale connessione non può essere trovata tra la dimensione territoriale e la valutazione del processo dell’integrazione europea. Pertanto, la SVP ei Verdi sostengono l'integrazione europea, mentre die Freiheitlichen e l'UfS sono euroscettici. La S-TF mantiene una posizione molto ambigua verso l'UE. ii Reintegrating Tyrol? Regionalist parties in South Tyrol and their responses to European Integration Patrick Utz iii Thanks to Vanessa Pogačnik Murillo, Viktor Labmayr and my parents for their support, advice, love and friendship. iv Table of Contents List of Tables ....................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ...................................................................................................... vi 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Structure of the thesis ..........................................................................................................3 2 Party competition in a minority-dominated border region: An introduction to the historical, institutional and political context of South Tyrol .................................. 6 2.1 Historical patterns: Shifts of borders and calls for autonomy .................................................6 2.2 Institutional patterns: territorial autonomy, group rights and consociational democracy .........9 2.3 Party political patterns: The development of South Tyrol’s party system ............................. 14 2.4 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 22 3 Regionalist parties & European integration: a deductive approach to the South Tyrolean case .................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Limitation of cases ............................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Defining regionalist parties ................................................................................................. 25 3.3 Dimensions of competition between regionalist parties ....................................................... 27 3.4 Party positions on European integration ............................................................................. 33 3.5 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 43 4 Sources & Methods ........................................................................................... 45 4.1 Sources ............................................................................................................................. 45 4.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................ 47 5 South Tyrolean regionalist parties & European integration ................................ 50 5.1 An overview of frames on European integration ................................................................. 50 5.2 The Südtiroler Volkspartei .................................................................................................. 54 5.3 Grüne-Verdi-Vërc............................................................................................................... 61 5.4 Die Freiheitlichen ............................................................................................................... 65 5.5 Union für Südtirol – BürgerUnion für Südtirol ...................................................................... 70 5.6 Süd-Tiroler Freiheit ............................................................................................................ 74 5.7 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 77 6 Conclusion & outlook ......................................................................................... 81 Notes ................................................................................................................. 86 References ........................................................................................................ 88 Appendix ........................................................................................................... 95 Curriculum
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