Index

Abbott, R. 484 functional cooperation 408–10 Abe, S. 139 interventionist policies, differences Abrahamian, E. 257 between 409–10 Abu Lughod, J. 20, 21 military options 410 Acharya, A. 147, 151–2, 164 multilateral cooperation 405, 409 Adda, J. 29, 30 and national economic interests 410 Africa OECD China-DAC Study Group Democratic Republic of Congo 405, 406, 407 (DRC) see Democratic Republic Sudan and Zimbabwe sanctions, of Congo (DRC) and China, disagreement over 404–5 and conflict of interests Tibet unrest, effects of 406–7 Forum on China-Africa trilateral cooperation 405–7, 408–9 Cooperation (FOCAC) UK Department for International Declaration 414 Development (DfID) historical links with China and EU involvement 408 see historical links between Aglietta, M. 49 China, EU and developing agricultural goods import substitution, world, EU, Africa and the EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN Middle East economic relations 108 Maghreb countries see Maghreb agriculture problem and European countries, economic relations protectionism, Latin America with China 28–9 MENA region see MENA region Ahn, C. 69 Sub-Saharan Africa see Sub-Saharan aid see development aid Africa Al-Rasheed, M. 243 see also individual countries Alden, Chris 374, 375, 381, 386, 394, African development challenges 402–13 402–13 Algeria African ownership concerns 405 Chinese FDI 300, 301–2, 303, 305, bilateral cooperation 405 312 China as economic partner, EU Chinese labour 317–18 concerns over 403–4 Chinese trade relations 306, 307, China-Ethiopian-World Bank 308–9, 310, 312 Health Initiative 409 and colonialism 39, 40, 240–41 China-EU Comprehensive Strategic Euro-Mediterranean Association Partnership Agreement 404–5 Agreement 248 China-US Joint Assessment of European funding 249 Health Cooperation in Africa and European Neighborhood Policy 408–9 253 EU–China cooperation 403–7 trade with China 276 Eurozone crisis, effects of, and Aliboni, R. 358

501

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 502 China, the European Union and the developing world

Alterman, J. 359 Astuto, M. 97 Alvstam, C. 96 Atanassova-Cornelis, Elena 63–88 Amelot, L. 279 Attali, J. 421 Ames, B. 422 Anderlini, J. 52 Ba, A. 135, 140 Anderson, L. 347 Bach, D. 387 Anderson, P. 22 Bai, G. 49 Arab Spring effects 287–8, 319, 345–7, Bairoch, P. 20, 21–2 354–5, 361 Bandung Conference 113, 205, 271 Arahuetes, A. 451 Bangladesh relations with India, Argentina improvement in 202 Chinese FDI 442, 443, 459, 467, 469 Banlaoi, R. 158 Chinese trade agreement 432, 436, Barber, Laura 402–13 468 Barcelona Process 44, 247­–8, 251–3, EU FDI 450, 452, 453 255­–6, 287, 319, 351–2 EU as trading partner 446, 449–50, Barton, Benjamin 371–401 479 Basave, J. 456 in G20 458 BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, import barriers 479 India and China), and climate import-substitution industrialization change 197 26 Bassiri Tabrizi, A. 334 portfolio investment 31 Bava, Ummu Salma 177–85 privatization reversal pressure 455 Baviera, A. 135 Aris, S. 125 Bean, R. 21 Armony, A. 477 Beaud, M. 33 Arroba, A. 438 Bechle, K. 151, 152, 163 ASEAN Beeson, M. 37, 128 and Burma see Burma/Myanmar Belkaïd, A. 240 and human security, ASEAN Belligoli, S. 41, 42, 51, 383 and ASEAN Regional Forum Ben Porat, G. 261, 262 (ARF) Benabdallah, Y. 312 and China 125, 126, 129 Bergenäs, J. 333, 335 economic relations with EU and Berger, B. 405 China see EU-ASEAN and Berkofsky, A. 81, 82, 83 China-ASEAN economic Beurdeley, L. 250, 253, 254 relations Beuret, M. 51, 403 Regional Forum 136, 139, 198, 205 Bhagwati, J. 484 US-ASEAN annual summits, China, Bianco, L. 44 rise and impact 132 Bin, S. 468 Asia Bisley, N. 131, 132 Central Asia see Central Asia Blockmans, S. 330 engagement, China compared Blustein, P. 52 to EU Borger, J. 408 and historical links between China, Bossuyt, Fabienne 210–35 EU and developing world see Bouhou, K. 240 historical links between China, Bowker, R. 394 EU and developing world, Asia Bozdémir, M. 265 see also individual countries Bozorgmehr, N. 330 Asian financial crisis effects see under Bradford, C. 31 financial crises Braeckman, C. 41

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­503

Brainard, L. 32 Burma/Myanmar and human security Branigan, T. 408 146–73 Brant, P. 408, 409 Chinese respect for political Braudel, F. 19, 20 independence 153, 160 Brautigam, D. 377, 378, 382, 383, 384, drug-trafficking 155, 161–2 385 foreign aid and diplomatic ties, Brazil improvements in 167 and BRICS membership 181 fuel price protests 154–5 Chinese FDI 442, 443, 444, 459–60, future directions 167 467, 469 human rights record 154, 162 Chinese foreign policy, key role in main political developments since 476–9 independence 153–5 Chinese trade agreement 429, 432, National Human Rights 436, 438, 468, 471, 472, 475, 488 Commission 167 climate change 197 non-intervention and anti-colonial EU FDI 32, 450, 452, 453 norms 152 EU as trading partner 446, 447, pro-democracy protests, effects of 449–50, 485, 487 154 FDI in Europe 455, 456 refugee flows 155 in G20 458 sovereignty, divergent views on IBSA Dialogue Forum 200, 206 151–3 import-substitution industrialization Burma/Myanmar and human security, 26 ASEAN and ASEAN Regional and Iran nuclear programme 329, Forum (ARF) 147–50 339 Burma/Myanmar’s entry into Bregolat Obiols, E. 271 ASEAN, effects of 157–8 Breman, J. 410 Chinese relations 158–9 Breslin, S. 128 confidence-building mechanisms Brewster, D. 198 (CBMs) and trust 148, 149 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China conflict resolution measures 150 and South Africa) membership counter-terrorism measures and 181, 184, 206 need for cooperation 150 see also individual countries Disaster Relief Desk-top Exercises Bridges, B. 89, 100, 112, 114 149–50 Bristow, M. 478 EU-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement Brunel, S. 40, 41 failure 157 Brzezinski, Z. 247 history of 147–8 Brzoska, M. 336 peace promotion methods 148, 149, Buente, M. 167, 168 150 Bull, B. 327, 335 under-institutionalization 148–9 Bunyanunda, M. 153, 154, 157, 159, Burma/Myanmar and human security, 162, 165, 166 ASEAN countries’ policies 161–6 Burma/Myanmar ASEAN chairmanship 163–4 as Chinese client state 135 ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Caucus Chinese FDI 110 and human rights demands 163 gas pipeline 110 ASEAN Intergovernmental loss as substantive Chinese client Commission on Human Rights 130–31 (AICHR) 164–5 Myitsone Dam project cancellation ‘Asian values’ debate by ASEAN 134 states 157

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 504 China, the European Union and the developing world

challenges to 165–6 Cabestan, J.-P. 47, 272 drug smuggling concerns 161–2 Calmettes, J. 41 ‘enhanced interaction’ strategy 163 Camarena, A. 492 ‘flexible engagement’ 162–3, 166 Cambodia human rights violations 162 ASEAN entry 129 isolationism concerns and as Chinese client state 135 ‘constructive engagement’ Chinese investment 109–10, 117 161–2, 166 EU food security programs 112 and political heterogeneity 161, protected areas and national parks, 165 sold to China 134 Burma/Myanmar and human security, Camroux, David 124–45 Chinese relations 158–61 Cannizzaro, E. 183 and ASEAN Regional Forum Capie, D. 136, 151, 152 (ARF) 158–9 Carbone, M. 28 and cross-border crime 160 Carlson, A. 128 regional multilateralism, benefits of Carnegy, H. 288 159 Carranza, M. 473 security and commercial interests Casarini, N. 37 159–60 Castel, V. 305, 318 ‘soft intervention’ policy 160–61 Central America, EU FTA 447–8 and territorial disputes in South see also Latin America China Sea 159 Central Asia engagement, China and UN Security Council national compared to EU 210–35 reconciliation call 160 Central Asia engagement, China Burma/Myanmar and human security, compared to EU, China EU relations 155–8, 166 2000s and emergence of all-round Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) and player 230–31 Plan of Action 156 aid flows 218, 222–5 Asian financial crisis, effects of aid flows, perceived benefits of 225 157–8 bilateral agreements 231 ‘Asian values’ debate by ASEAN confidence-building measures 229 states 157 economic cooperation, increased Burma/Myanmar’s entry into 215, 230–31 ASEAN, effects of 157–8 energy market 215–16 economic development and capacity- enterprise groups 215 building measures 156 foreign direct investment 217–18 EU and human rights-related norms free economic zones (FEZs), 151–3 establishment of 215 EU Troika visit 157–8 as key security actor 229–30 and EU-ASEAN Free Trade preferential loan system 218 Agreement failure 157 security considerations 214 food security programs 112 separatist movements in Xinjiang, human rights and democracy clauses containment of 230 and policy of conditionality Shanghai Cooperation Organization 156–7 (SCO) 230, 231 and human rights standards 157 Shanghai Five forum 229–30 Burnay, Matthieu 1–16, 160 soft loans 223–4 Butler-Thomas, V. 24, 26, 27, 28 trade with 213–16 Butt-Philip, A. 469 transport infrastructure and Buzan, B. 126 extraction industries 218, 225

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­505

Central Asia engagement, China Cha, V. 36 compared to EU, EU Chagnollaud, J.-P. 264 aid flows 219–22, 223 Chan, S. 109, 124 aid flows, additional funding 222 Chanda, N. 100 aid flows, impact assessment 219–20 Chandler, A. 25 aid flows, USAID comparison 220 Chandy, L. 405 bilateral investment treaties 217 Chaponnière, J. 375 bilateral and regional cooperation Charron, A. 329, 335, 337 222 Chazan, G. 288 bilateral trade arrangements 212–13 Chen, J. 274, 280, 283 EU Special Representative (EUSR), Cheung, Y. 381 appointment of 228 Child, J. 467 EU Troika – Central Asia, Chile establishment of 228, 229 Chinese FDI 443 European Community Chinese FTA 429, 431, 432, 436, Humanitarian Office (ECHO) 437, 438, 441, 467, 468 219 copper sales’ profits 441 European Instrument for EU FDI 450, 452 Democracy and Human Rights EU as trading partner 446, 447 (EIDHR) 219, 222 FDI in Europe 455, 456 European Neighbourhood Policy and Mercosur 32 (ENP) 227 Chin, G. 233 European Security Strategy 227 China first decade of involvement and and Africa see Africa headings policy agendas 225–7 Anti-Secession Law 82–3 Food Security Programme 220 ASEAN economic relations see EU- foreign direct investment 216–17, ASEAN and China-ASEAN 228 economic relations, China gas conflict between Russia and the Beijing consensus 129 Ukraine, effects of 228 Burma/Myanmar relations see Partnership and Cooperation Burma/Myanmar and human Agreements (PCAs) 212, security, Chinese relations 212–13, 226–7 Central Asia engagement see Central Poland and Hungary Assistance for Asia engagement, China Restructuring their Economies compared to EU, China (PHARE) 226 China-ASEAN Investment regional political stability concerns Cooperation Fund (CAF) 227–8 116–17 Rule of Law Initiative for Central China-Ethiopian-World Bank Asia 222 Health Initiative 409 September 11, effects of 227 China-EU Comprehensive Strategic ‘Technical Assistance to the Partnership Agreement 404–5 Commonwealth of Independent China-Mercosur Free Trade States’ (TACIS) 219, 220–22, Agreement 429 226 China-US Joint Assessment of trade barriers 212 Health Cooperation in Africa trade with 210–13 408–9 transformation into strategic player Democratic Republic of Congo 227–9 (DRC) conflict of interests see Cermak, M. 289, 290 Democratic Republic of Congo

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 506 China, the European Union and the developing world

(DRC) and China, and conflict ASEAN Regional Forum 136, 139 of interests ASEAN relationship 125, 126 Forum on China-Africa Asian Financial Crisis, effects of Cooperation (FOCAC) 128–9 Declaration 42, 414 Beijing consensus 129 Forum On China Africa China as nation-state and region 125 Cooperation (FOCAC) Communist ideology concerns 127 Declaration 377, 381–2, 384 economic and security issues 131–2, historical links with EU and 134 developing world see historical elitism 126–7 links between China, EU and EU-ASEAN Summits 139 developing world EU’s place in Southeast Asia Sino- and India see India, changing American framework 137–9 engagements and new relations, EU’s place in Southeast Asia China’s rise Sino-American framework, Iranian nuclear question stance relationship diversity 137–8 336–9 foreign relations and tianxia (all Kunming-Bangkok Highway 116 under one heaven) concept 128 Latin America, impact on see Latin as global economic power 125 America, cooperation and ideas and ideology 126–31 hegemony Indonesia, strategic partnership with Latin America, trade and investment 139 relations see Latin America, International Institute for Strategic trade and investment relations, Studies, Shangri-La Dialogue China relations 136 and Libya see Libya, competing loyalties of overseas Chinese interests and conflicting values, communities in Southeast Asia, Chinese position concerns over 127–8 and Maghreb countries see Maghreb maritime territorial disputes 135, countries, economic relations 136, 137 with China military power 133–4 maritime territorial disputes 70, 135, multilateralism commitment 128, 136, 137, 159 130–31, 136 and MENA region see MENA multilateralism and regional order region, Chinese interests challenges 136 and Northeast Asia see Northeast neighbors’ hedging strategy 129, 130 Asia, Chinese interests reassurance diplomacy and five Shanghai Cooperation Organization principles of peaceful co- (SCO) 230, 231 existence 127 Shanghai Five forum 229–30 regional bodies, engagement with Shanghai Free Trade Zone 117 132–3 Shangri-La Dialogue, International security involvement 132 Institute for Strategic Studies and Shanghai Cooperation 136 Organization (SCO) 125 and Sub-Saharan Africa see Sub- soft power and cultural diplomacy Saharan Africa 128–9, 133, 139 Xinjiang separatist movements, Southeast Asia, political and cultural containment of 230 diversity 125–6 China, rise and impact 124–45 Southeast Asia and relations with ASEAN Free Trade Agreement 129 China 133–7

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­507

Southeast Asian economic relations countries on Corruption Perceptions with China, concerns over 134 Index, MENA region 250 Trans-Pacific Free Trade Agreement, cross-border crime, Burma/ support for 130 Myanmar 155, 160, 161–2 US pivot/rebalancing 131–3 Democratic Republic of Congo US trade and investment (DRC) 418, 420 dependency, and ideational terrorism 150, 227 convergence 134–5 Cortes, C. 445, 451 US and transpacific free trade area Costa Rica agreement 132 Chinese FTA 436, 437, 438, 468, US-ASEAN annual summits 132 469, 486 weapons systems and training, sale EU as trading partner 447 of 137 Crawford, G. 42 Chirathivat, S. 108 Crossette, B. 186 Chong, J. 127 cultural diplomacy and soft power, Chouikhi, H. 312 China 128–9, 133, 139 Chu, Y. 74 cultural influence, MENA region 284 Church, P. 35 Cumings, B. 131 Clarke, D. 361 Clarke, M. 354, 355 Daalder, I. 354, 355 Clifford, S. 157, 164 Dabène, O. 472 climate change and global warming, Daguzan, J.-F. 354, 355 India 197, 201 Daher, M. 271, 274, 283 Clinton, H. 132, 480 Daragahi, B. 288 Cohen, S. 188 De Bellefroid, Ariane 371–401 Cole, P. 356 De Flers, N. 156, 157, 158, 163, 164 Coloma, T. 269, 290, 385 De Gucht, K. 90, 98, 448 Colombia De Koninck, R. 35 EU FTA 447, 448–9 De Vries, J. 21 FDI in Europe 455 debt crisis see financial crises FTA with China 436, 437–8 Defraigne, Jean-Christophe 1–16, colonialism legacy 21–2, 23, 33–5, 19–60, 239–97, 383, 396, 468 38–9, 240–43 Democratic Republic of Congo competitiveness concerns 37, 49, (DRC) and China, and conflict of 107–8, 477, 484 interests 414–26 conditionality 11, 13, 37, 42, 151, 156, Chinese FDI 381, 417 225, 248, 253–5, 284, 285, 318, Chinese hegemony in DRC 415–20 319, 384, 415, 422, 424, 445, 475, Chinese imports 417 483 Chinese migrants and business conflict of interests, Congo see ownership in DRC 416–17, 418 Democratic Republic of Congo ‘contract of the century’ 420–24 (DRC) and China, and conflict of ‘contract of the century’, interests implementation problems 423–4 Cooke, J. 405 exploitation and corruption 418, 420 Cooley, A. 214, 215, 216, 229, 230, 231, Forum on China-Africa 233 Cooperation (FOCAC) Coralluzzo, V. 353, 355, 357 Declaration 414 Corkin, L. 317, 381 IMF initiative for heavily indebted corruption poor countries (HIPCI) 420–22, counter-piracy operations, India 198 423–4

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 508 China, the European Union and the developing world

media coverage and CCTV China-ASEAN economic international 418–19 relations mining industry and working Central Asia 215, 230–31 conditions 417–18, 420, 422–3 Maghreb countries see Maghreb public works and infrastructure countries, economic relations projects 415–16, 420, 421–2, with China 423 MENA region 252, 261–2, 266–7 developing countries Northeast Asia 64–9, 79–80, 84 China’s developing country status, and security issues 131–2, 134 importance of 10–11 economic diplomacy complexity of relations with 9–15 Latin America 471, 472–3 economic growth 13–14 MENA region 282–3 historical links with China and EU economic growth see historical links between Burma/Myanmar 156 China, EU and developing historical links between China, EU world and developing world 46–7, infrastructure of developing 48–9 countries, India’s policy for India 179 investment in 195 Latin America 474–5 power balance shift between China Ecuador and West 51–3 Chinese FDI 443, 459, 460 see also individual countries Chinese trade agreement 469 development aid EU FTA 448–9 Central Asia engagement 218, efficiency-seeking investment 110, 444, 219–25, 223 459–60 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN Egypt economic relations 112–19 Chinese trade agreements 271, India as provider 192–3 274–5, 280, 282–3 Latin America 474, 483–4 and colonialism 40, 242, 244, 246 Sub-Saharan Africa see Sub-Saharan European funding 249 Africa, development aid Eisenmann, J. 390, 392, 484 Dinan, D. 28 El Maslouhi, A. 255 Dixon, C. 89 elitism, China 126–7 Domenach, J.-L. 45, 46 Encel, F. 251, 259, 260, 261 Dominguez, J. 430 energy market Dominguez, R. 151, 152, 168 Central Asia 215–16 Dosch, J. 140 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN DRC see Democratic Republic of economic relations 110–11 Congo (DRC) and China, and fuel price protests, Burma/Myanmar conflict of interests 154–5 Drezner, D. 178 gas conflict between Russia and Dris-Ait Hamadouche, L. 240, 253 Ukraine 228 Duchenne, G. 445 Latin America 460 Dumbaugh, K. 444 Libya 356, 358 Dumont, P. 242, 265 Libya, security considerations Dzaka-Kikouta, T. 317 359–60, 362 MENA region 273–5, 280, 283, Eckert, S. 340, 341 285 economic cooperation see also nuclear energy; oil market ASEAN see EU-ASEAN and Eniayejuni, A. 356

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­509

Er, L. 140 trade and investment relations, Erdoğdu, S. 266 EU relations Esfandiary, D. 330 and Libya see Libya, competing EU interests and conflicting values, Burma/Myanmar see Burma/ EU ties Myanmar and human security, Maghreb countries, economic EU relations relations with China 312–16, Central Asia engagement see Central 318–19 Asia engagement, China and MENA region see MENA compared to EU, EU region, European–MENA Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) relations 28, 449–50 New Economic Platform for African EEC-ASEAN Cooperation Development (NEPAD) 387 Agreement 90 and Northeast Asia see Northeast Euro-Mediterranean Association Asia, EU position Agreement (Barcelona Process) Poland and Hungary Assistance for 44, 247–53, 285, 288, 351, 352 Restructuring their Economies European Community (PHARE) 226 Humanitarian Office (ECHO) in Southeast Asia Sino-American 219 framework 137–9 European Instrument for and Sub-Saharan Africa see Sub- Democracy and Human Rights Saharan Africa (EIDHR) 219, 222 and TTIP with US 14–15 European Investment Bank (EIB) EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN 248–9, 382 economic relations 89–123 European Neighbourhood Policy EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN (ENP) 227 economic relations, China European Security Strategy 227 agricultural goods import Eurozone crisis 408–10 substitution 108 Everything But Arms (EBA) ASEAN-China Free Trade Area programme 376 (ACFTA) 102–7, 109 Food Security Programme 220 ASEAN-China Free Trade Area historical links with China and (ACFTA), concerns over developing world see historical competition 107–8 links between China, EU and bilateral trade and manufactured developing world goods 102 India, cooperative alliance 183–4, Cambodia investment 109–10 195, 203–4, 205–6 China-ASEAN Investment Iranian nuclear question 332–5, 340, Cooperation Fund (CAF) 341 116–17 Joint Africa-European Union efficiency-seeking FDI 110 Strategy (JAES) 387, 388–9 energy and raw materials companies Latin America and China trilateral 110–11 relationship see Latin FDI in ASEAN 108–11 America, cooperation and FDI in ASEAN, share of 110 hegemony, China’s impact, foreign aid to ASEAN 114–19 EU and possibility of trilateral foreign aid to ASEAN, as challenge relationship to EU influence 118–19 Latin America, trade and investment foreign aid to ASEAN, history of relations see Latin America, 114–15

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 510 China, the European Union and the developing world

foreign aid to ASEAN, motives and foreign aid to ASEAN 111–14 resource needs 115–16 Free Trade Agreements (FTA) 96–7 foreign aid to ASEAN, perceived human rights and environmental threat of 115 criteria 113 foreign aid to ASEAN, sourcing of imports from and exports to the project materials and services ASEAN countries 90–91 117 Indonesian automobile industry FTA Network 118 98–9 global distribution of foreign aid major export commodities of funds 109 ASEAN to the EU 92–3, 96 imports from and exports to major import commodities of ASEAN countries 102 ASEAN from the EU 94–5 Indonesia natural gas contract mergers and acquisitions (M&A) 110–11 and IMF supervision 100 infrastructure investment 116–17 political relations 96 Kunming-Bangkok Highway 116 Singapore FDI 100–101 Laos high-speed rail line 116 technology transfer 98–9 major export commodities of technology windows 100 ASEAN to China 103–4 trade relations with ASEAN 90–98 major import commodities of Evan Ellis, R. 437, 459, 479–80 ASEAN from China 105–6 Evron, Y. 338, 339 Malaysia FDI 111 exports Myanmar gas pipeline 110 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN and Regional Comprehensive economic relations 90–91, 92–3, Economic Partnership (RCEP) 96, 102, 103–4 118 exchange-rate policy and export resource-seeking FDI 110–11 competitiveness, China 49 Shanghai Free Trade Zone 117 Latin America 432–6, 438–9, 440, Singapore FDI 111 456–7, 474 telecommunications companies 111 Maghreb countries 306–7, 308, 310, trade relations with ASEAN 101–8 311–12 Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), MENA region 275–9, 280, 286–7 possible impact of 117–18 Sub-Saharan Africa 374–5 Vietnam coal-fired power plant 110 see also imports WTO accession impact 101–2 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN Fachqoul, Karima 239–97 economic relations, EU Fairbank, J. 44, 126 business information centers 100 Falke, A. 333 economic cooperation emphasis Fallows, J. 361 113 Farole, T. 377, 378 EEC-ASEAN Cooperation Farrell, M. 377 Agreement 90 FDI (foreign direct investment) EU companies’ relocations 99–100 Central Asia 216–18, 228 EU-ASEAN Summits 139 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN EU-Malaysia FTA 97–8 economic relations 98–101, EU-Singapore FTA 97 108–11 EU-Vietnam FTA 98 growth in, China 2, 14 FDI in ASEAN 98–101 historical links between China, EU FDI and imported technologies 91–6 and developing world 30–31, financial crisis effects 100 33–4, 48–9

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­511

Latin America 30–31, 441–4, Gallagher, K. 432, 439, 440, 441, 444, 450–56, 459–61, 467–8, 468 469–70 Ganguly, S. 207 Maghreb countries 298–303, 304–5, Garcia, A. 451 312–14 Garofano, J. 148 MENA region 249–50, 251, 252, Garon, C. 477 258, 262, 263, 270 Garrison, J. 125 Sub-Saharan Africa 378–82, 381 Garver, J. 359 Fejtö, F. 45, 46, 47, 48 George, S. 30, 41 Feng, B. 138 Gillingham, J. 28 Ferchen, M. 468 global governance effects Fernández, H. 351, 352 Chinese role 2–3, 7, 10–11 Ferrero-Waldner, B. 79 distribution of foreign aid funds, Ferro, M. 24, 39 EU-ASEAN and China- Fidler, D. 168 ASEAN economic relations 109 Financial Action Task Force, Indian India 194–5, 201 membership 204 and India see India, global role, financial crises and multilateralism and global Asian financial crisis effects 128–9, governance issues 157–8 Latin America 438–9, 467, 468–9, developing countries, effects in 41–2, 474, 475, 482–3 44 Northeast Asia 70 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN Glosny, M. 107 economic relations 100 Godement, F. 113, 404 Eurozone crisis 408–10 Goh, E. 135–6 IMF bail-out program 37 Gouda, A. 273, 274, 275 India 194–5, 201 Gowlland-Debbas, V. 328 Latin America 29–32, 445–6, 456–8, Gray, J. 34, 44, 45, 46, 47 482–3 Green, A. 318 Fisk, R. 257 Grimm, S. 388, 406 Flick, K. 109 Gu, J. 318 Flint, A. 393 Guan, K. 140 Flores, C. 445, 451 Guillén, M. 32 Fontaine, A. 26, 35, 246, 247 food Haacke, J. 136, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, EU Food Security Programme 220 167 World Food Programme Haber, S. 27 involvement, India 204 Habibi, N. 330 Foot, R. 70, 128 Haddad, S. 248 foreign direct investment see FDI Halper, S. 129 Fornes, G. 469 Hamilton-Hart, N. 135 Fox, J. 403 Hanau Santini, R. 334 Franck, C. 445 Hasim Köse, A. 266 Fredholm, M. 139 Hassan, O. 357 Freemantle, S. 373, 379 Hatch, W. 36, 37, 48 Friedman, D. 48 He, J. 360 Frolic, B. 233 He, S. 468 Frost, F. 147 He, Y. 74 Frost, S. 110 Held, D. 206 fuel see energy market; oil market Helleiner, E. 29

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 512 China, the European Union and the developing world

Henderson, J. 134 colonization 33–5 Higgott, R. 37, 131 competitive liberalization 37 Hilberg, R. 259 economic growth and East Asian historical links between China, EU and miracle 37 developing world 19–60 EU–China strategic partnership capitalist merchants, rise in Western (2003) 37 Europe 22–3 financial crisis (1997) and IMF bail- China as advanced technological out program 37 economy (15th century) 20 Indian export growth in IT and Chinese isolationism, possible business process outsourcing explanation for 20–21 (BPO) 38 colonization and rise of European Indian NFI and ISI policies 38 powers 21–2 industrialization 36–8 colonization and rise of European Japanese bilateral Economic powers, colonial trade, effects Partnership Agreements 37 of 23 Japanese industrialization and European hegemony and Chinese economic expansion 34–5, 36–7 isolation 19–23 manufacturing and FDI flows 33–4 Low Countries and rise of merchant protectionism and international class 22 trade 33–4 monarchies, differences between Singapore and Hong Kong and FDI Chinese and European 22–3 36 historical links between China, EU and US and Russian colonization developing world, Africa and the competition 34 Middle East 38–44 historical links between China, EU and colonization impact 38–9 developing world, China 44–53 debt crisis effects 41–2, 44 ‘anti-imperialist’ diplomacy 45 EU Cotonou agreement and Asian FDI (1980s) 37 regionalism support 42–3 as champion of the third world 47 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Chinese Forum on Africa-China (Barcelona process) 44 Cooperation 42 France and réseau Foccart (secret Chinese military capacity 46, 47, diplomacy) 41 48, 50 MENA regions 43–4 defensive strategies by US, EU and military presence 43 Japan, effects of 52 nationalization attempts in mining economic development 46–7, 48–9 and food-processing 41 and EU’s bilateral trade agreements political disintegration 40 52 preferential trading system 40–41 exchange-rate policy and export Sub-Saharan Africa and competitiveness 49 independence 39–43 FDI 48–9 Sub-Saharan Africa and global multilateral institutions, independence, technological membership of 45–6 and management dependency Great Leap Forward 47, 48 39–40, 41 ideology and global politics, impact US African Growth and on 47–8 Opportunity Act 42, 142 industrialization 49–50 historical links between China, EU and isolation and modernization 44–9 developing world, Asia 33–8 isolation and modernization, US Asian ISI and NFI policies 36 aid, access to 48

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­513

political stability and security 49 Hollis, R. 248, 253 power balance shift between China Holslag, J. 43, 81, 403, 404 and West in developing world Honna, J. 168 51–3 Hopf, T. 35 reinsertion into world economy Hsiang, A. 441, 457 49–51 Hughes, J. 226, 233 tied aid 51 Hugon, P. 40, 41, 42 trade relations, problems with Huliaras, A. 405 50–51 human rights Washington Consensus model, Burma/Myanmar see Burma/ challenge to 51–2 Myanmar and human security working-age population and EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN demographic advantage 49 economic relations 113 historical links between China, EU and Libya 354, 355 developing world, Latin America Hunter, C. 459 agriculture problem and European Hunter, J. 34 protectionism 28–9 Hwang, L. 478 and colonization 24 communism and US strategy of Ianchovichina, E. 102 containment 26 Ikome, F. 386, 388 current account deficits 29–30 IMF initiative for heavily indebted debt crisis and opening of Latin poor countries (HIPCI) 420–22, American economies 29–32 423–4 FDI flows 30–31 imports fragmentation as obstacle to EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN industrialization 24–5 economic relations 90–91, 94–5, Iberian Peninsula targeting of newly 102, 105–6, 108 privatized companies 31–2 import substitution 108, 266, 436, import-substitution industrialization 450 strategy, impact on relations Latin America 436, 446–7, 450 26–8 Maghreb countries 307–10, 313–16 independence revolution 24 MENA region 266 multinational enterprises and see also exports regional integration schemes Inderfurth, K. 182 31, 32 India, export growth in IT and multinational enterprises and business process outsourcing transfer pricing 27, 29 (BPO) 38 NAFTA, effects of 32 India, changing engagements and new portfolio investment from EU and relations 177–85 US 31 Asia, strategic rise 177–8 and US competition 25–6 EU cooperative alliance 183 US military involvement 25, 26 EU political consensus, lack of in US multinational enterprises foreign policy 183–4 (MNEs) and FDI 25–6 multilateralism, effective 183 Western Europe as main trading priorities, divergent and overlapping partner (19th and early 20th 183–4 centuries) 25 India, changing engagements and new Hobday, M. 36, 37, 48 relations, China’s rise Hoekman, B. 28, 31 aid and presence competition with Holland, M. 26, 28, 31, 40, 376 India 179

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 514 China, the European Union and the developing world

Asia’s evolving strategic environment EU-India FTA 195 178–80 Financial Action Task Force BRICS membership 181, 184 membership 204 economic growth and consolidation foreign policy preferences 189–92 179 foreign policy preferences, ‘Non- EU policy shift 180, 182 alignment 2.0’ document globalization effects 182 191 ideological differences 182 foreign policy preferences–non- India, effects on 180–82 alignment, Nehru’s lingering Indian Ocean Rim Association for legacy 190–92 Regional Cooperation (IOR- G20 member 193–5 ARC) 181 global financial crisis 194–5, 201 India’s Look East Policy 182 global governance involvement mutual trust and confidence, lack 192–200 of 181 global security 193 naval power competition 180–81 India, Brazil, South Africa (IBSA) nuclear test programme 180, Dialogue Forum 206 181–2 Indian Council of Agricultural Pakistan’s security concerns 181–2 Research (ICAR) 193 regional institutions, engagement and Indian identity 188–9 with 179 Indian Ocean and naval capabilities and US involvement, effects of 198–9, 201, 205 179–80, 182 Indian Ocean Rim Association for India, global role, and multilateralism Regional Cooperation (IOR- and global governance issues ARC) 198–9 186–209 Indo-US nuclear deal 196 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) infrastructure of developing involvement 198, 205 countries, policy for investment Bangladesh relations, improvement in 195 in 202 neighbouring states and shared bilateral and regional trade ethnic minority groups 203 agreements 195 as non-permanent United Nations BRICS membership 206 Security Council member China, relationship and rivalry 193–200 204–5 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty civilian protection issues 200 (NPT) 195–6 climate change and global warming South Asian Association for and BASIC countries 197, Regional Cooperation 201 (SAARC) 201–2, 205 counter-piracy operations 198 sovereignty concerns 193 decision-making structures, need for Sri Lanka policy 202–3 reform of 188 textile industry protection, criticism destabilizing forces, rising powers as of 202 187–8 United Nations Security Council development aid provider 192–3 bid 189 domestic politics 202–3 United Nations Security Council EU, shared interests with 203–4, seat and UN reform 199–200 205–6 USSR Treaty of Friendship 191 EU, ‘Strategic Partnership’ World Food Programme relationship 204 involvement 204

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­515

WTO dispute settlement mechanism US Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA) involvement 195 329, 333 WTO GATT co-founder 193–4 US pressure 336, 339 Indonesia Iranian nuclear question, sanctions automobile industry 98–9 Chinese agreement to minimum level Chinese trade dependency 135 337–9, 340 maritime territorial dispute with Chinese objections to 336–7, 338 China 135 European supplementary, linked to natural gas contract 110–11 UN Resolutions (gold-plating) power plant and toll road 332–3, 335 construction 116 multifaceted 325, 326, 327–8 strategic partnership with China 139 targeted 327–8, 330–31 industrialization process 1–2, 9–10, US, European problems with 333–4 36–8, 49–50 US unilateral, economic impact infrastructure development 330–31 Central Asia 218, 225 US unilateral, third party Democratic Republic of Congo collaboration 331 (DRC) 415–16, 420, 421–2, 423 Iraq EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN European colonial legacy 242 economic relations 116–17 trade with China 277 India 195 Islam, S. 403, 404 Latin America 438 isolation and modernization, China Libya 360, 363 44–9 see also transport Israel International Criminal Court (ICC) Arab–Israeli conflict 243, 245, 246 investigation, Libya 354, 355 Euro-Mediterranean Association International Institute for Strategic Agreement 248 Studies, Shangri-La Dialogue 136 European–MENA relations see Iran MENA region, European– European–MENA relations 257–8, MENA relations, Israel 275 trade with China 278 trade with China 278 Iranian nuclear question 325–44 Jacques, M. 20, 129 aircraft and shipping cargo Jaffrelot, C. 38 inspections 329 James, A. 153 Chinese stance 336–9 Jansen, M. 34 embargoes 333, 334–5 Japan European stance 332–5, 340 defensive strategies 52 European Trade and Co-operation EU bilateral Economic Partnership Agreement (TCA) halted 332 Agreements 37 future prospects 341–2 India FTA 195 incentives 333 industrialization and economic oil imports 336, 338–9 expansion 34–5, 36–7 UN regime against Iran 328–9, 341 and Northeast Asia see Northeast UN regime against Iran, accusations Asia, Japan relations of double standards 341 Revised US-Japan Defense US and EU unilateral measures 329, Guidelines 70 341 soft power competition with China US and European Security Strategy 139 (ESS) 333–5, 341 Jarvis, D. 134

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 516 China, the European Union and the developing world

Jbir, R. 312 Khader, B. 44, 240, 242, 243, 248, 249, Jenkins, Ray 432, 435–6 250, 251, 253, 254, 255 Jenkins, Rhys 467 Kharas, H. 405 Jetschke, A. 138 Khilnani, S. 191, 206 Jian, J. 360 Khong, Y. 168 Jiang, S. 480 Khumalo, N. 391 Jiang, W. 374 Kienzle, B. 332, 333 Jiang, X. 470, 471 Kim, H. 76 Jin, L. 358 Kissinger, H. 46, 51, 245, 246, 247, 261 Joffé, G. 347, 350, 352, 353 Kitipov, J. 391, 392 Johnson, P. 259, 260 Klare, M. 243 Jones, L. 157 Klemm, B. 480 Jones, D. 35, 36 Koenig, N. 355 Jordan, European funding 249 Koleski, K. 444 Joyaux, F. 35 Kolko, G. 34, 35, 45, 259 Jozan, R. 375 Kolko, J. 27, 29, 30 Judt, T. 259, 260 Korayem, K. 273, 274, 275 Julien, C. 25 Korea Chinese relations 65–6 Kabamba, Bob 414–26 India FTA 195 Kafyeke, C. 267, 268 Korean Peninsula policy 83–4 Kahler, M. 188 North Korea, foreign policy Kaiser, K. 183 challenges 75–7 Kang, D. 126, 128 Kostecki, M. 28, 31 Kapur, S. 207 Krasner, S. 151 Kassenova, N. 214, 215, 218, 224, 230 Ku, S. 133 Katanyuu, R. 152, 161, 162, 163, 164–5 Kumar, K. 200, 207 Katsumata, H. 136, 148 Kumaraswamy, P. 281, 282 Kawai, M. 492 Kurlantzick, J. 128 Kazakhstan Kutas, G. 436 border delimitation with China 230 Kuwait, trade with China 277 China aid 224 Kux, D. 181 China foreign direct investment Kyrgyzstan 217–18 border delimitation with China 230 China trade with 213–16 China aid 224, 225 EU aid 219, 221–2, 223 China foreign direct investment 218 EU bilateral investment treaties 217 China trade with 213, 214, 215 EU FDI 216, 217, 228 EU aid 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 EU Partnership and Cooperation EU Partnership and Cooperation Agreements (PCAs) 226 Agreements (PCAs) 226 EU trade with 210–13 EU trade with 212, 213 hydropower projects 216 hydropower projects 216 shared gas pipeline 215–16 Tulip revolution 227–8 WTO membership application 215 Kelley, J. 151 Lafargue, F. 274 Kelly, R. 83, 84 Lagadec, E. 487 Kemenade, W. van 331, 336, 338 Lamen, F. 356 Kemp, G. 358, 362, 363 Landry, Y. 49 Kerr, D. 229, 230, 231, 233 Lankov, A. 76 Keukeleire, S. 78 Lanzarotti, M. 48

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­517

Laos China’s impact on EU policy 484–7 ASEAN entry 129 China’s penetration, impact of as Chinese client state 135 483–4 Chinese FDI 110 Chinese soft power 486 and colonialism 89 competitiveness concerns 484 EU food security programs 112 global financial crisis effects 482–3 high-speed rail line 116 inter-regional association agreement, Lapper, R. 468 promotion of 485, 487 Lardy, N. 45, 47 international integration strategies Larsson, M. 333 482 Latin America multi-level cooperation, need for historical links see historical links 485–6 between China, EU and new development cooperation policy developing world, EU, Latin 486 America regionalism policy, problems with Mercosur 32, 429, 446, 447, 449–50, 481–2, 485 478 Latin America, cooperation and see also individual countries hegemony, China’s impact, Latin America, cooperation and political determinants of China’s hegemony, China’s foreign policy presence in Latin America 466–70 470–79 bilateral trade agreements 468 as aid provider 474, 483–4 diplomatic relations 467 bilateral export growth, evidence of FDI focus 467–8, 469–70 474 and global interdependence 468–9 bilateral trade increase 477 internationalization by Chinese Brazil’s key role 476–9 companies 467 Brazil’s key role, and EU and US market access 467–8 dependency 479 private company investment 468 competitiveness concerns 477 resource acquisition 467–8 economic diplomacy 471, 472–3 strategic policy paper 468 and economic growth plans 474–5 trade surplus 468 Four No’s and negotiation leverage Latin America, trade and investment 471 relations 429–64 global financial crisis 474, 475 collaboration opportunities 460–61 Latin America’s social reforms 473 financial crisis effects 456–8 multilateral consultation privatization reversal pressure 453–5 mechanisms 471–3, 475 US trade 433, 440, 445 non-interference policy, promotion Latin America, trade and investment of 473–4, 475–6, 483 relations, China relations 430–44 regional integration 477–8 anti-dumping measures 440 regional multilateralism and divide automobile sector investment 459–60 and rule approach 472–3, 475 China-Mercosur Free Trade reserve currency suggestion 478 Agreement 429 Latin America, cooperation and China’s trade surplus 431–2 hegemony, China’s impact 465–99 efficiency-seeking investment 444, Chinese ‘going out’ strategy 466–7 459–60 Latin America, cooperation and FDI flows, increasing 441–4, 459–60 hegemony, China’s impact, free trade agreements 437–8 EU and possibility of trilateral future trade perspectives 440–41, 457 relationship 479–87 global financial crisis effects 438–9

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 518 China, the European Union and the developing world

impacts of increasing trade 438–40 tariff reductions 448, 449 import substituting industrialization trade deficit 446 period, effects of 436 Laurelle, M. 231 infrastructure changes 438 Laven, A. 41 Latin American FDI in China 444 Le Mière, C. 132 manufactured goods and technology Lebanon, European colonial legacy imports from China 436, 243 439–50 Leifer, M. 147, 148, 150 market-seeking investment 443–4, Leke, A. 379 459–60 Lemoine, F. 47, 51, 374 multinationals 438, 442, 443, 444, Lens, S. 25, 34 459 Leon, A. 259 non-tariff barriers, need for Li, F. 128 reduction in 441 Li, G. 304 oil demand, effects of 459, 460–61 Li, H. 159, 160 raw material exports to China 432–6, Li, M. 140 438–9, 440 Li, P. 478 resource-seeking investment 443 Li, R. 73, 74 tariff reductions 431 Libya tax breaks and round-tripping Chinese FDI 300, 301–2, 303 phenomenon 442 Chinese labour 317 tourism opportunities 441 Chinese trade relations 276, 306, trade increase 431–41 307, 308–9, 310, 315 trade relations, characteristics of EU military intervention 287–8 431–7 Euro-Mediterranean Association WTO accession effects 431 Agreement 248 Latin America, trade and investment and European Neighborhood Policy relations, EU relations 445–56 253 Andean Community FTA 448–9 hostility to the West 240–41, 287–8 CAFTA (Central America) 447–8 National Transitional Council commercial relations 445–50 (NTC) 287, 288 economic recession effects 445–6 Libya, competing interests and electricity sector privatization conflicting values 345–67 opportunities 460 Arab Spring, effects of 345–7 EU Common Agricultural Policy Arab Spring, UN Security Council (CAP), criticism of 449–50 no-fly zone 346, 354–5 EU FDI to Latin America 450–55, International Criminal Court (ICC) 460–61 investigation 354, 355 export reduction 456–7 Libya, competing interests and free trade agreements 447–50 conflicting values, Chinese import categories 446–7 position 358–60 import substitution industrialization Arab Spring and social media stage 450 control 361 investment flows 450–56 energy security considerations Latin American FDI in EU 359–60, 362 (multilatinas) 455–6 February 17 Revolution, and Mercosur FTA 446, 447, 449–50 Chinese evacuation 360 multinationals 459 foreign policy goals and domestic regionalism challenges 457–8 considerations 359 strategic trade policy 429–30, 433 future prospects 362–3

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­519

history of 358–9 Lirong, L. 402, 405 infrastructure projects 360, 363 Lirong, M. 271, 272, 284 sanctions, resistance to Western-led Lloyd, T. 33 361–2 Luhulima, C. 99 Libya, competing interests and Lum, T. 114, 116, 117, 218, 224 conflicting values, EU ties 350–53 Luo, Y. 37 and democracy consolidation 357–8 Lustig, N. 30 energy and mineral reserves 356, 358 Lutao, N. 470 Euro-Mediterranean Partnership Lutterbeck, D. 351, 352, 364 (EMP) (Barcelona Process) involvement 351, 352 McCarthy, S. 163, 164 February 17 Revolution response MacFarquhar, R. 47 353–6 McGrew, A. 206 February 17 Revolution response, Mackie, J. 392 multifaceted response, criticism McLaughlin, K. 403 of 355 MacNaughtan, J. 78 humanitarian aid and sanctions 355 Maddison, A. 20, 25, 30 illegal migration issues 352, 353, 356 Maghreb countries, economic relations institutional development 357 with China 298–324 investment and trade relations 356–7 Arab Spring, effects of 319 Lockerbie bombing case 351 central enterprises and economic political cooperation 351–2, 357–8 cooperation 303–5 and post-Qaddafi regime 356–8 Chinese labour presence 317–18 sanction lifting 351 economic cooperation, security measures 356 understanding of 305 Switzerland dispute 353 as EU competitor 312–16, 318–19 UN Human Rights Council EU foreign direct investment (FDI) suspension 354 312–14 Union for the Mediterranean fabrics, clothes and footwear, EU/ (UfM), Libya’s rejection of China comparison 315 352–3 foreign direct investment (FDI) US Iran-Libya Sanctions Act 298–303 (ILSA), effects of 350 foreign direct investment (FDI), Libya, competing interests and supervision and management conflicting values, National 304–5 Transitional Council (NTC) GDP growth analysis 311–12 formation 347–50, 355–6 information and telecommunications General National Congress election equipment, EU/China 348–50 comparison 316, 318 Integrity Commission powers 350 leadership role, argument for 319–20 Justice and Construction Party machinery and transportation (JCP) and Muslim Brotherhood equipment 310 349 market-seeking projects 304 National Forces Alliance (NFA) merchandise exports 306–7, 308, 348–9 310, 311–12 road map to democracy 348 merchandise imports from China and sharia law 357 307–10, 313–16 Lin, L. 117 security issues 319 Lindberg, L. 96 textiles 310 Ling, J. 407 trade relations 306–12

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 520 China, the European Union and the developing world

vehicles and transport equipment, MENA region, Chinese interests EU/China comparison 315, anti-colonialist stance and 318 diplomatic relations 271–2 Magliveras, K. 405 arms shipments to MENA countries Malamud, C. 449, 450, 455 280–81 Malaysia authoritarian regimes and lack of China FDI 111 democracy, China blamed for EU-Malaysia FTA 97–8 287 India FTA 195 China-Arab Cooperation Forum trade relations with China 135 283 Malone, D. 188, 189 China–Israel relations 281–2, 288 Malti, H. 43 cultural influence 284 Manço, U. 265 economic diplomacy 282–3 manufactured goods 33–4, 102, 374–5, energy resource access needs 273–5, 436, 439–50 280, 283, 285 Margolin, J.-L. 35 exports to MENA region 275–9, Mariage, T. 465 280, 286–7 maritime territorial disputes, China 70, foreign policy towards MENA 282–4 135, 136, 137, 159 foreign policy towards MENA, soft market-seeking investment 304, 443–4, power 283–4, 287 459–60 ‘going out’ (zou chu qu) policy 274 Marshall, A. 134, 138 Iranian oil contract 275 Martin Necker, A. 273 Joint Commission on Commerce Martinez, L. 253, 254, 273, 284 and Trade 282–3 Martinez-Diaz, L. 32 military security and String of Pearls Maschke, E. 33 279–80 Mathur, U. 197 oil field development 274–5 Matveeva, A. 226 overseas investment strategy 285–6 Mauritania Saudi Arabia and Strategic Oil Chinese FDI 300, 301–2, 304 Cooperation Agreement 274 Chinese trade relations 306–7, soft policy, offend-no-one approach 308–9, 310 283 Mearsheimer, J. 187–8 UN Security Council, call for Medeiros, E. 70, 74 inclusion of Arab countries 273 media coverage and CCTV US technology transfer 282 international, Democratic Western-backed political governance Republic of Congo (DRC) model, criticism of 273 418–19 MENA region, European–MENA Meidan, M. 274, 285 relations Men, J. 67, 80, 81, 82 Arab Spring revolts, effects of 287–8 MENA region 239–97 Barcelona Process 247–53, 255 historical links between China, EU colonial legacy 240–43 and developing world 43–4 countries on Corruption Perceptions Israel and Arab–Israeli conflict 243, Index 250 245, 246 decolonization and national oil reserves and balance of power economic development policies shift 243, 287 244–7 religious conservatism, ‘Ease of Doing Business’ country reinforcement of 245 ranking 249 US and strategic oil routes 285 economic reform considerations 252

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­521

EU bilateral trade agreements, custom union 268 effects of 251 economic interdependency 266–7 EU enlargement toward Central EU accession concerns 266, 267–8 and Eastern Europe, effects of FDI inflows 270 251–2 import-substitution industrialization EU national policies, conflict with constraints 266 287–8 investment flows to neighboring Euro-Mediterranean Association economies 268–9 Agreement 248, 288 labour-intensive industries 266 European Investment Bank (EIB) trade and investments flows 268 loans 248–9 Menon, S. 201 European Neighborhood Policy Mercosur 32, 429, 446, 447, 449–50, 253–4, 285 478 foreign direct investment (FDI) see also Latin America 249–50, 251, 252, 258, 262 Mesquita, M. 431, 437, 438, 441, 444 formalization of 247–56 Mexico free trade area limitations 253–4, Chinese FDI 443–4 288–9 Chinese trade 431, 434, 440, 459–60 import-substitution industrialization debt crisis 30, 31 constraints 246–7, 257, 266 EU FDI 450, 452, 453 Iran 257–8 EU as trading partner 446, 447, 456, labor force availability 250–51 482 Libyan intervention by France and FDI in Europe 455–6 UK 287–8 in G20 458 Persian Gulf countries and Gulf industrialization 24–5, 26 Cooperation Council (GCC) and Mercosur 32 256 Mezran, K. 356 textile sector and WTO Agreement Michaelowa, K. and A. 197 on Textile and Clothing (ATC) Michel, S. 51, 403 251 Middle East, historical links with transaction cost problems 250 China and EU see historical Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) links between China, EU and project 254–6 developing world, EU, Africa and US as political victor 247 the Middle East MENA region, European–MENA migration relations, Israel 259–65 illegal migration issues, Libya 352, Arab nationalism rise, effects of 261 353, 356 economic links and technological refugee flows, Burma/Myanmar 155 transfers 261–2 military power FDI levels 262, 263 African development challenges 410 and Holocaust 259–60 China, rise and impact 133–4 and Occupied Palestinian Territory historical links between China, EU (OPT) market 264–5 and developing world 25, 26, and Palestinian question 263–4 43, 46, 47, 48, 50 Palestinian reaction to creation of India 180–81, 198–9, 201, 205 state 260 Japan 71 problems with inclusion of 253 MENA region 279–81 research cooperation projects 262–3 weapons systems and training, sale MENA region, European–MENA of 137 relations, Turkey 265–70 see also security issues

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 522 China, the European Union and the developing world mining industry 41, 218, 225, 417–18, Natalegawa, M. 136 420, 422–3 Naughton, B. 47, 49 Mishra, S. 200 Neto, J. 477 Moisseron, J.-Y. 288 Neuneck, G. 336 monarchies, differences between Nguyen, E. 271 Chinese and European 22–3 Niblett, R. 487 Morada, N. 136 Niblock, T. 241, 242, 333 Morocco Nicolas, F. 279, 318 Chinese FDI 300, 301–2, 303 Niger, Chinese FDI 381 Chinese trade relations 276, 306, Nigeria, Chinese and EU FDI 381 307, 308–9, 315 Niu, H. 477, 480 Euro-Mediterranean Association Nivet, B. 390 Agreement 248, 289 Nolan, P. 50, 51 European funding 249 non-intervention policy, China 11, independence 240–41 12–13, 15, 473–4, 475–6, 483 Morris, B. 259 see also soft policy, China Mote, F. 20, 270 Nonneman, G. 248, 250, 256 Moumouni, G. 390 North Korea, foreign policy challenges Moyo, D. 42, 51 75–7 Mukherjee, R. 189 see also Korea Mulleta, F. 391 Northeast Asia 63–88 multilateral approach Northeast Asia, Chinese interests African development challenges 405, Anti-Secession Law 82–3 409 economic interdependence, power Chinese commitment 128, 130–31, of 64–6 136 economic relations with EU 67–8 Chinese global institutions 45–6 EU arms embargo 80, 81 EU and developing world 11, 14–15 EU, bilateral cooperation with 80–81 and India see India, global role, EU, strategic partnership with 81–2 and multilateralism and global global power concerns 70 governance issues military strength and US–Japan Latin America 471–3, 475 alliance 70–71, 72, 73–4, 75 multinationals (MNEs) national identity as great power, and historical links between China, EU Taiwan 73–5 and developing world 25–6 North Korea, foreign policy Latin America 27, 29, 31, 32, 438, challenges 75–7 442, 443, 444, 459 patriotic education campaign and Sub-Saharan Africa 381 Japanese 73 Muniz, M. 183 regional multilateralism support 64 Murray, P. 138 regional strategy 69–71 Myanmar see Burma/Myanmar regional strategy, ‘victim identity’ Myoe, M. 129 self-perception 69–70, 72–3 South China Sea territorial claims 70 Nader, A. 331 Taiwan and the ROK, economic Nahavandi, F. 257 relations with 65–6 Naidu, S. 394 trade deficit with EU 67–8 Nakajima, M. 45 and US arms sales to Taiwan 74 Nambiar, V. 199 US perceived threat 70 Narine, S. 147, 161 Northeast Asia, EU position Narlikar, A. 189 arms embargo on China 80, 81

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­523

China, bilateral cooperation with oil market 80–81 and Iranian nuclear question 336, China, Europeanization attempts 338–9 82 Latin America 459, 460–61 China, strategic partnership with MENA region 243, 274–5, 287 81–2 see also energy market economic relations with China 67–8 Öktem, K. 242, 265, 267, 268 economic relations with Japan and Oman, C. 27, 29, 246 ROK 68–9, 79–80, 84 Orbie, J. 376 European Security Strategy (ESS) Osius, T. 182 77–8, 81 Oviedo, E. 476, 491 Korean Peninsula policy 83–4 mutual FDI imbalances 68 Pailhe, C. 261 as non-player in regional geopolitics Pairault, Thierry 298–324, 381 77–84 Pakistan, security concerns 181–2 priority of economic interests 67–9 Palestine regional strategy 77–9 European colonial legacy 243 and Taiwan 80–83 European funding 249 trade deficit with China 67–8 Israel and European–MENA trade policy 78–9 relations 260, 263–4 Northeast Asia, Japan relations Pamukçu, T. 266 Chinese economic relations 64–5 Pan, Z. 340, 409–10 and Chinese patriotic education Pantucci, R. 361, 364 campaign 73 Paoletti, E. 352, 353 economic relations with EU 68–9, Paraguay, EU FTA 449–50 79–80, 84 Pardo, R. 78, 80, 81, 82 Japanese military power rise 71 Parello-Plesner, J. 361, 364 nationalization of Diaoyu islands Pargeter, A. 347 72, 73 Parker, G. 21 political regime changes 71–2 Parsi, R. 330 strategic and identity dimensions Patel, B. 200 71–3 Paz, G. 491 US–Japan alliance 70–71, 72, 73–4, peace promotion methods, Burma/ 75 Myanmar 148, 149, 150 Nouveau, P. 267, 268 Pecequilo, C. 479 Novotny, D. 129, 140 Pehrson, C. 279 nuclear energy Pei, M. 339 India 180, 181–2, 195–6 Pember-Finn, T. 280 Iran see Iranian nuclear question Pempel, T. 131 see also energy market Percival, B. 102, 140 Perlez, J. 138 O’Brien, P. 21–2 Perrault, G. 240, 241, 245 Odgaard, L. 127 Persian Gulf countries and Gulf OECD Cooperation Council (GCC) 256 China-DAC Study Group 405, 406, Peru 407 Chinese FDI 442, 467, 469 Development Aid Committee (DAC) Chinese FTA 432, 437, 438, 468 criteria 382 EU FTA 448–9 Oertel, J. 338, 340 EU as trading partner 446 Oi, J. 467 and Mercosur 32

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 524 China, the European Union and the developing world

Petersson, M. 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, Reid, A. 126 161, 163 Ren, F. 304 Petri, P. 34 reserve currency suggestion, Latin Petrov, R. 226–7 America, cooperation and Peyrouse, S. 215, 216, 218, 224, 225, hegemony, China’s foreign policy 229, 230, 231 478 Philippines resource-seeking investment 110–11, maritime territorial dispute with 443, 467–8 China 134–5 Richardson, L. 132 national railway rehabilitation 116 Richardson, S. 127, 140 Philips, A. 131, 132 Richer, P. 45, 46 political relations Robin, M. 26 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN Robinson, T. 46, 48 economic relations 96 Rocha de Menezes, G. 477 historical links between China, Rodriguez, S. 467 EU and developing world 40, Rogan, E. 241, 242, 243 49 Rollo, J. 256 Libya 351–2, 357–8 Rosales, O. 440 Sub-Saharan Africa see Sub-Saharan Ross, R. 132 Africa, political relations Rouquié, A. 26 Pollack, J. 361 Roy, D. 72, 74 Pomeranz, K. 1, 21, 22, 23 Rozman, G. 140 Portela, Clara 167, 168, 325–44 Rüland, J. 151, 152, 163 Porzecanski, R. 432, 439 rule of law 78, 79, 82, 112, 146, 151, power balance shift between China and 153, 164, 183, 206, 217, 219, 223, West in developing world 51–3 229, 363, 387 preferential trading system 40–41, 218, Rusmana, Y. 117 375 Russia private company investment, Latin gas conflict with Ukraine America 468 228 privatization reversal pressure, Latin India and USSR Treaty of America 453–5 Friendship 191 protectionism 28–9, 33–4 US and Russian colonization Provost, C. 382 competition 34

Quigley, J. 228 Sagedhi-Boroujerdi, E. 330, 333, 334, 336, 339 Rahim, L. 161, 163, 164, 168 St John, Ronald Bruce 43, 241, 242, Ramo, J. 129 345–67 Ramos Becard, D. 471 Salama, P. 51 Rathus, J. 139 Sanahuja, J. 481 Ray, R. 468 sanctions regionalism policy Iran see Iranian nuclear question, Burma/Myanmar 159 sanctions Central Asia 227–8 Libya 351, 355, 361–2 China 132–3 Sanfilippo, M. 381 India 179 Santander, S. 26, 31, 445, 465, 472, Latin America 457–8, 477–8, 481–2, 481, 482 485 Santini, R. 357 Northeast Asia 64, 77–9 Santiso, J. 441, 457, 465

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­525

Saudi Arabia Singh, G. 392 Strategic Oil Cooperation Singh, M. 191 Agreement 274 Skidmore, T. 24, 25, 26, 27, 30 trade with China 278 Slater, D. 127 Sauer, T. 332, 334, 338, 340 Small, A. 78, 80 Schiere, R. 318 Smith, A. 21, 23 Schimmelfennig, F. 253 Smith, P. 24, 25, 26, 27, 30 Schmid, D. 254, 255, 256 Snyder, S. 75 Schoentals, M. 47 social media, control and Arab Spring Scholtz, H. 253 361 Schöttli, Jivanta 186–209 social reforms, Latin America 473 Scott, D. 404 Soeya, Y. 140 Sébille-Lopez, P. 415 soft policy, China security issues Burma/Myanmar 160–61 Central Asia 214 Central Asia 223–4 China 131–2, 134 and cultural diplomacy 128–9, 133, EU Food Security Programme 220 139 European Security Strategy 227 Latin America 486 India 200 MENA region 283 Libya 356, 359–60, 362 see also non-intervention policy, Maghreb countries 319 China MENA region 279–80 Solana, J. 79, 183 UN Security Council 160, 189, Soliani, A. 478 193–200, 273, 346, 354–5 Souiah, F. 305 see also military power Souiah, S. 264 Seignard, L. 241 South Africa Sellier, J. 245 Chinese and EU FDI 381 Severino, R. 108 IBSA Dialogue Forum 206 Shah, A. 410 South Asian Association for Regional Shahib, Y. 134 Cooperation (SAARC), India Shahrour, E. 319, 320 201–2, 205 Shambaugh, D. 3, 47, 50, 51, 178 Southeast Asia Sharma, R. 266, 268 political and cultural diversity Sharma, S. R. 38, 51 125–6 Shinn, D. 390, 392 relations with China 133–7 Sicurelli, D. 388 sovereignty concerns 11, 151–3, 193 Sidiropoulos, E. 409 Spar, D. 467 Simon, S. 148 Sri Lanka policy, India 202–3 Simpfendorfer, B. 271, 273, 284 Stahl, A. 405, 406, 407, 408, 409 Sindzingre, A. 311 Stavridis, J. 354, 355 Singapore Stevens, J. 373, 379 Chinese military power, concern Stora, B. 43, 240 over 135 Storey, I. 134, 168 EU-ASEAN and China-ASEAN Strauss, J. 477 economic relations 100–101, Stroobants, J.-P. 281 111 Struye de Swielande, T. 281 EU-Singapore FTA 97 Stuart-Fox, M. 126 historical links between China, EU Stumbaum, M. 81 and developing world 36 Sub-Saharan Africa 371–401 India FTA 195 bilateral trade 372–8

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 526 China, the European Union and the developing world

China and Special Economic Zones Southern Africa (COMESA) (SEZs) 377–8 389–90 China–Africa Development Fund Economic Community of West 382, 387 African States (ECOWAS) China–Africa predicted economic 390–92 increase 373 EU and Joint Africa-European economic relations with EU and Union Strategy (JAES) 387, China, similarities between 388 388–9 EU Everything But Arms (EBA) EU and New Economic Platform for programme 376 African Development (NEPAD) EU trade agreements 375–6 387 European Investment Bank Forum On China Africa Investment Facility 382 Cooperation (FOCAC) 386–7, exports of fuel and manufactured 388, 391 products 374–5 Regional Economic Communities foreign direct investment (FDI) (RECs) and Sub-Regional flows, comparison of 378–82 Organizations (SROs), foreign direct investment (FDI) relationships with 389–92 flows, key country targets 381 Southern African Development Forum On China Africa Community (SADC) 389, Cooperation (FOCAC) 377, 391–2, 393 381–2, 384 Sudan future directions, possible 396 Chinese FDI 381 multinationals and strategic-asset- sanctions 404–5 seeking FDIs 381 Sukma, R. 140 preferential access to networks of Sullivan, M. 444 Chinese importers 375 Suret-Canale, J. 39 trade composition 373–4, 394 Susanto, S. 151 WTO and EU Cotonou Partnership Sutherland, D. 470 Agreement (CPA) 376, 377, 384, Sutter, R. 42, 70, 179, 181, 272 387 Swaine, M. 362 Sub-Saharan Africa, development aid Switzerland dispute, Libya 353 382–5 Syria Chinese, evolution of 382–3, 384 European colonial legacy 243 Chinese, perceived advantages of European funding 249 384–5 European Neighborhood Policy 253 Chinese, problems with definition of 385 Taiwan EU and African regional integration Chinese interests 65–6, 73–5 processes 383–4 EU position 80–83 EU political conditionality 384 Tajikistan OECD Development Aid border delimitation with China 230 Committee (DAC) criteria 382 China aid 225 Sub-Saharan Africa, political relations China foreign direct investment 218 385–94 China trade with 213, 214, 215–16 African Union Commission (AUC) EU aid 219, 220–21, 222, 223 387–9 EU Partnership and Cooperation bilateral strategic partnerships and Agreements (PCAs) 226 South Africa 392–4 EU trade with 212, 213 Common Market for Eastern and hydropower projects 216

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­527

shared gas pipeline 215–16 Tunisia WTO membership application 215 Chinese FDI 300, 301–2, 303 Talbott, S. 181 Chinese trade relations 277, 306, Tang, S. 130 307, 308–9 Tang, X. 158, 377, 378 Euro-Mediterranean Association Tao, J. 128 Agreement 248, 289 tariff reductions, Latin America 431, European funding 249 448, 449 Turkey tax breaks and round-tripping European–MENA relations see phenomenon, Latin America 442 MENA region, European– Taylor, B. 136, 332, 334, 335, 336, 339 MENA relations, Turkey technology transfers 98–9, 261–2 and Iran nuclear programme 329, Telò, M. 487 339 Teo, V. 140 trade with China 279 Terrill, R. 69 and Union for the Mediterranean terrorism 150, 227 (UfM) 255 see also corruption Turkmenistan Terry, E. 34 China aid 224 Teubal, M. 29 China foreign direct investment textile industry 202, 251, 310 218 Thailand, Kunming-Bangkok Highway China trade with 213, 214 116 EU aid 220, 221, 222, 223 Thayer, C. 135, 140 EU FDI 228 Thomsen, S. 98 EU Partnership and Cooperation Thual, F. 24, 25, 251, 259, 260, 261 Agreements (PCAs) 226 Thul, P. 134, 138 EU trade with 212 tianxia (all under one heaven) concept, China 128 UK, Department for International Tibet unrest, effects of 406–7 Development (DfID) 408 Tilly, C. 22 Ukraine, gas conflict with Russia 228 Tomlinson, B. 38 UN Tostensen, A. 327, 335 Arab countries, call for inclusion in tourism opportunities, Latin America Security Council 273 441 Burma/Myanmar, Security Council trade barriers, Central Asia 212 national reconciliation call trade deficits 67–8, 446 160 trade surpluses 431–2, 468 India as non-permanent United Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Nations Security Council 117–18, 130 member 193–200 transport India, Security Council bid 189 automobile sector investment, Latin and Iranian nuclear question 328–9, America 459–60 341 equipment, Maghreb countries 315, Libya and Human Rights Council 318 suspension 354 infrastructure, Central Asia 218, Libya, Security Council no-fly zone 225 346, 354–5 see also infrastructure development see also United Nations Troin, J.-F. 43 Ünal, D. 265, 266, 374 Troudi, M. 271, 272, 283, 284 Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) Tuang, N. 334 project 254–6, 352–3

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access 528 China, the European Union and the developing world

United Nations 189–90, 193, 197, Varughese, G. 197 199–200, 246, 260, 273, 327, 331, Vasconcelos, Á. 185 475 vehicles see transport Uruguay, EU FTA 449–50 Venezuela US Chinese FDI 442 African Growth and Opportunity Chinese trade agreement 436, 468, Act 42 469 China trade and investment EU FTA 449–50 dependency 134–5 Venkatshamy, K. 198 historical links between China, EU Verhulst, Gilles 429–64 and developing world 25–6, 34, Vermander, B. 273 42, 48, 52, 142 Vermeren, P. 241, 245 India involvement 179–80, 182 Verschave, F.-X. 41 Indo-US nuclear deal 196 Vickers, B. 391 Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA) Vietnam 329, 333, 350 ASEAN entry 129 Iranian nuclear question see under coal-fired power plant 110 Iranian nuclear question, EU-Vietnam FTA 98 sanctions high-speed rail line 116 Latin America, trade and investment maritime territorial dispute with relations 433, 440, 445 China 134, 135 and MENA region 247, 282, 285 Vines, A. 388 and Northeast Asia 70 Vogel, E. 48 pivot/rebalancing 131–3 Revised US-Japan Defense Wacker, G. 214, 215, 224, 229, 230, Guidelines 70 231, 233 strategic and political changes 9 Waizer, S. 330 and transpacific free trade area Wallerstein, I. 19, 21, 22, 23 agreement, China, rise and Walmsley, T. 102 impact 132 Wang, J. 125 and TTIP with EU 14–15 Wang, Wenjia 89–123 US-ASEAN annual summits 132 Wang, Y. 274, 275 US–Japan alliance 70–71, 72, 73–4, Washington Consensus model, 75 challenge to 51–2 Uzbekistan weapons of mass destruction 199 Andijan massacre 227–8 Weber, Katja 146–73 China aid 224 Wehrey, F. 356 China foreign direct investment 218 Weisbrot, M. 473 China trade with 213, 214, 215–16 Weitz, R. 280 EU aid 221, 223 Welch, A. 134 EU Partnership and Cooperation Wheatley, J. 468 Agreements (PCAs) 226 Whitehead, L. 481 EU trade with 212, 213 Wibowo, I. 128 shared gas pipeline 215–16 Wignaraja, G. 492 WTO membership application 215 Wilkins, M. 25, 27 Wills, J. 20, 21 Vairon, L. 275, 279, 280, 281, 282 Wintgens, Sophie 465–99 Van der Merwe, S. 394 Wissenbach, U. 405, 406, 408, 409 van Hoeymissen, S. 391 Wohlforth, W. 188 Vaner, S. 265, 266 Womack, B. 126, 128, 129, 140

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access Index ­529

Wong, J. 109 Yasheng, H. 480 Wonnacott, R. 119 Yedi, H. 304 Wood, S. 152, 153 Yoshihara, K. 36, 37 World Food Programme involvement, Yuan, J. 229, 230, 231, 361 India 204 Yue, C. 102 Wouters, Jan 1–16, 51, 160 Yue, L. 374, 395 WTO (World Trade Organization) Yufeng, M. 271, 272, 273, 275, 282, accession effects, EU-ASEAN and 283, 284, 285 China-ASEAN economic Yuzawa, T. 150 relations 101–2 accession effects, Latin America 431 Zacharie, A. 417 Agreement on Textile and Clothing Zambia, Chinese FDI 381 (ATC) 251 Zattler, J. 478 dispute settlement mechanism Zhang, M. 475, 476, 491 involvement, India 195 Zhang, T. 382 and EU Cotonou Partnership Zhang, W. 140 Agreement (CPA) 376, 377, 384, Zhang, X. 271, 281 387 Zhang, Yongjin 126 India as GATT co-founder 193–4 Zhang, Yunling 130 Wu, C. 480 Zhao, H. 215 Wu, F. 459 Zhao, S. 130 Wu, L. 274, 275 Zheng, Y. 126, 159, 160 Wu, X. 153, 159 Zhu, Z. 275, 279, 283 Zimbabwe, sanctions, disagreement Xenellis, G. 446, 447, 453, 456 over 404–5 Zouari-Ghorbel, S. 312 Yamamura, K. 37, 48 Zoubir, Y. 350, 351, 353, 356 Yao, K. 271, 272, 283

Jan Wouters, Jean-Christophe Defraigne and Matthieu Burnay - 9781783477340 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/23/2021 10:50:40PM via free access