DOCSLIB.ORG

A Strategic Vision for the North Finland’S Prospects for Economic Growth in the Arctic Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Strategic Vision for the North Finland’S Prospects for Economic Growth in the Arctic Region Paavo Lipponen A Strategic Vision for the North Finland’s prospects for economic growth in the Arctic region Paavo Lipponen A Strategic Vision for the North Finland’s prospects for economic growth in the Arctic region Table of contents Summary ......................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................6 2. Administrative and political decision-making in Finland ......................................................10 Government .......................................................................................................... 11 Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) ................................................................................. 11 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland ....................................................................... 11 President of the Republic of Finland ......................................................................... 11 Cooperation between government and industry .......................................................... 11 3. Governmental and industrial partnerships .........................................................................13 International institutions ........................................................................................ 14 Arctic Council (AC) ........................................................................................... 14 Arctic Economic Council (AEC) ........................................................................... 14 Nordic Arctic Business Council (NABC) ............................................................... 14 Team Arctic .................................................................................................... 14 UN agencies: IMO and ILO ............................................................................... 14 European Union ...............................................................................................15 Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers .....................................................15 Barents Euro-Arctic Council ...............................................................................15 Arctic policy in different countries .............................................................................17 Recommendations .................................................................................................21 4. Business opportunities in different sectors ...................................................................... 22 Construction industry .............................................................................................24 Mining industry ....................................................................................................24 Energy industry ....................................................................................................25 Technology industry ..............................................................................................25 Chemical industry .................................................................................................26 Tourism and catering industry .................................................................................28 Funding for northern projects ..................................................................................29 Recommendations ................................................................................................30 5. Infrastructure: networks on land, at sea and in the air ........................................................31 Road and rail network ........................................................................................... 32 Air transport ......................................................................................................... 35 Shipping .............................................................................................................. 35 Northeast Passage ................................................................................................36 Recommendations ................................................................................................ 37 6. Arctic training and research ...........................................................................................38 Academy of Finland ..............................................................................................39 Tekes ..................................................................................................................39 Arctic University as a goal ......................................................................................40 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health ...................................................................42 Recommendations ................................................................................................42 7. Information centre to serve businesses ............................................................................43 Recommendations. ...............................................................................................45 Summary This report on Finland’s prospects for economic growth in the Arctic and Northern regions was com- missioned from Finland’s former Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen by the Confederation of Finnish Industries EK, the Finnish Energy Industries, the Finnish Chemical Industry, the Finnish Hospitality Association MaRa, the Confederation of Finnish Construction Industries RT, and the Federation of Finnish Technology Industries, as well as the funding organisation TT Foundation. The Arctic region can develop into Europe’s largest area of investment. It is estimated that investments worth about EUR 140 billion are planned in the Barents region alone. Finland now has a window of opportunity to ensure that we will get our share of northern economic growth. Now that the ‘Arctic hype’ has evaporated, it is possible to assess business opportunities in northern regions more realistically, and the potential is substantial. Finland will have a wide range of oppor- tunities in the sectors of industry, energy, cleantech, logistics, infraconstruction, as well as tourism and other services. The Arctic growth opportunity may, however, slip through our fingers unless the state and the business sector can together determine the key goals of our northern policy. It is equally important to commit ourselves to the action plan that determines the responsible actors, contributors, and follow-up. Recommendations regarding Finland’s strategic vision for its Arctic and northern policy during the parliamentary term of 2015–2019: ➊ The Prime Minister’s leadership in decision-making concerning the policy for the Arctic and northern regions will be strengthened. Coordination and follow-up of northern matters within the administrative sector will be improved. ➋ Finland will aim to take on a leading role in the EU’s policy on the Arctic and northern regions. ➌ The role of enterprises in drafting the northern and Arctic policy will be strengthened. Companies from all regions in Finland must be engaged in this policy making. ➍ Finland will define a clear strategy for promoting infrastructure projects that are important to us within the EU. The accessibility of Northern Finland from the perspectives of industry and tourism will be improved. ➎ Finland will become a global hub for logistics, telecommunications and big data. ➏ Cooperation between the Nordic countries will be intensified in the field of energy under the leadership of the state authorities. The Nordic countries must strengthen their competitive position and actively influence the development of the EU energy market. ➐ Deterioration of the language skills of Finnish people must be prevented. In particular, learning of Swedish will be reformed so that the Nordic labour markets can be effectively utilised. ➑ A joint programme will be drafted at the prime ministerial level to remove cross- border barriers between the Nordic countries. ➒ Northern universities will be strengthened while developing cooperation between them. One Arctic university, capable of competing internationally, will be set as a goal. ➓ An information centre will be established to serve companies, tasked with producing information on projects and providing advice especially in the tendering and kick-off stages. 6 A stRatEGIC VISION FOR THE NORTH 1 Introduction A stRatEGIC VISION FOR THE NORTH 7 he Arctic region has become the centre of global change over for Arctic fish products will also reinforce its logistical position. In the past few decades. There are three primary reasons for transport and other logistics, development of the north-south connec- this: the significance of Arctic natural resources has grown, tion with EU support is essentially linked to utilising the opportunities Tawareness of the sensitivity of the Arctic environment is offered by the Arctic region as the key investment area in Europe. better than before, and the return of geopolitics also concerns the Arctic region. Some global trends have somewhat dampened Arctic expectations in the past few years. Projections concerning the Arctic region and the exploitation of its natural resources reached a fever pitch in the early 2000s. Great – The price of oil, as well as that of gas and minerals, has fal- opportunities were seen in offshore operations and especially in len significantly as the growth is slowing down
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Finnish Archipelago Incoming Product Manual 2020
    FINNISH ARCHIPELAGO & WEST COAST Finnish Archipelago is a unique destination with more than 40 000 islands. The sea, forests, rocks, all combined together with silent island corners is all you need on your holiday. Local history and culture of the area shows you traditions and way of life in this corner of Finland. Local food is a must experience while you are going for island hopping or visiting one of many old wooden towns at the coast. If you love the sea and the nature, Finnish Archipelago and west coast offers refreshingly breezy experience. National parks (4) and Unesco sites (2) make the experience even more special with unique features. Good quality services and unique attractions with diverse and fascinating surroundings welcome visitors from all over. Now you have a chance to enjoy all this at the same holiday when the distances are just suitable between each destination. Our area covers Parainen (all the archipelago islands), Naantali, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Rauma, Pori, Åland islands and many other destinations at the archipelago, coast and inland. GENERAL INFO / DETAILS OF TOURS Bookings: 2-4 weeks prior to arrival. For bigger groups and for more information, please contact Visit Naantali or Visit Turku. We reserve the rights to all changes. Photo: Lennokkaat Photo: OUTDOORS CULTURE LOCAL LIFE WELLBEING TOURS CONTENT OF FINNISH ARCHIPELAGO MANUAL Page OUTDOORS 3 Hidden gems of the Archipelago Sea – An amazing Archipelago National Park Sea kayaking adventure 4 Archipelago Trail – Self-guided bike tour at unique surroundings 5 Hiking on Savojärvi Trail in Kurjenrahka National Park 6 Discover Åland’s Fishing Paradise with a local sport fishing expert 7 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Altena, Germany and Pori, Finland
    Turnaround Towns: International evidence 27 Case Study 8: Altena, Germany and Pori, Finland The evidence around successful turnaround towns in Europe is limited. However, the cases of Altena, Germany and Pori, Finland feature a number of characteristics that are relevant to this study, so we have included them as illustrative short overviews. Pori and Altena are two of the towns involved in the European Commission’s URBACT II programme, which aims to foster sustainable and integrated urban development. Altena was part of the Op-Act project, which focuses on the strategic positioning of small and medium-sized cities facing demographic changes. Pori was involved in the SURE, Socio- Economic Methods of Urban Regeneration in Deprived Urban Areas project.50 50 down the hill to the town. So the Town Council Altena, Germany decided to build an elevator linking the castle with the moribund town centre. This was complemented Altena has a population of 18,000, and is by a plan to fill 20 empty shops to turn the town situated on the river Lenne, 25 miles from centre into a crafts village. An association was Dortmund in highly industrialised South- founded in 2011 to manage real estate in the city Westphalia. It has a 12th-century castle built on centre, and Gundula Schulze from the mayor’s office a hilltop, which was home to the world’s first says that progress is already being made: youth hostel. The town’s other main feature is its steel wire industry, and it is home to the German For 10 years, shops in the centre were Museum of Wire.
    [Show full text]
  • This Document Has Been Downloaded from Tampub – the Institutional Repository of University of Tampere
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University This document has been downloaded from Tampub – The Institutional Repository of University of Tampere Post-print Authors: Häkli Jouni Cultures of demarcation : territory and national identity in Name of article: Finland Name of work: Nested identities : identity, territory, and scale Editors of work: Herb Guntram H., Kaplan David H. Year of 1999 publication: ISBN: 0-8476-8466-0 Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Pages: 123-149 Discipline: Social sciences / Social and economic geography Language: en URN: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:uta-3-959 All material supplied via TamPub is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorized user. Author’s copy. Originally published in Guntram H. Herb & D. H. Kaplan (eds.). Nested identities: Identity, Territory, and Scale. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield (1999), 123-149. Cultures of Demarcation: Territory and National Identity in Finland JOUNI HÄKLI Introduction This chapter explores the significance of geographical scale in the negotiation of spatial identities, and especially attempts to understand the processes of nation- building in Finland, which stands out as an exceptional case among the several "successor states" born out of the European geopolitical turmoil in the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • World Transport Market and Logistics Project
    World Transport Market and Logistics Project KO1029 Barents Region Transport and Logistics Report 15.5.2020 CONTENTS This report includes the following sections 1 Background and goals of the study p. 2-3 2 The implementer's recommendations and conclusions p. 4-6 Barents Region as a transportation and logistics p. 7-32 3 operating environment today 4 The signals of change p. 33-51 5 Scenarios of the future p. 52-83 1 1 Background and goals of the study 2 BACKGROUND AND GOALS The report examines the current state of different logistics and transportation flows in the Barents Region and creates understanding on the area’s future competitiveness Barents Region is under a transformation The rich natural resources of the Barents Region and growing tourism cause effects to the logistics chains and different material flows from and to the area. The fishing industry is developing and is moving towards the THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THE REPORT ARE North and to new spheres. In addition to these changes, the Northeast passage offers a faster transportation route between Asia and Europe, Phase 1: AS-IS analysis Phase 2: Future scenarios that has big impacts on the development of the Barents Region. At the same time, the industries in the are face still the problem of reachability. 1. What kinds of different goods-, cargo- 1. What is the competitiveness of the Investments in mining-, energy production and fishery are not possible and tourism flows are moving in the Barents Region in the Global market without good connectivity to different markets. Barents Region at the moment? in 2030 and 2040? Understanding the current situation is vital 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Carbon and Methane in the Norwegian Barents Region Black Carbon and Methane in the Norwegian Barents Region | M276
    REPORT M-276 | 2014 Black carbon and methane in the Norwegian Barents region Black carbon and methane in the Norwegian Barents region | M276 COLOPHON Executive institution The Norwegian Environment Agency Project manager for the contractor Contact person in the Norwegian Environment Agency Ingrid Lillehagen, The Ministry of Climate and Solrun Figenschau Skjellum Environment, section for polar affairs and the High North M-no Year Pages Contract number M-276 2014 15 Publisher The project is funded by The Norwegian Environment Agency The Norwegian Environment Agency Author(s) Maria Malene Kvalevåg, Vigdis Vestreng and Nina Holmengen Title – Norwegian and English Black carbon and methane in the Norwegian Barents Region Svart karbon og metan i den norske Barentsregionen Summary – sammendrag In 2011, land based emissions of black carbon and methane in the Norwegian Barents region were 400 tons and 23 700 tons, respectively. The largest emissions of black carbon originate from the transport sector and wood combustion in residential heating. For methane, the largest contributors to emissions are the agricultural sector and landfills. Different measures to reduce emissions from black carbon and methane can be implemented. Retrofitting of diesel particulate filters on light and heavy vehicles, tractors and construction machines will reduce black carbon emitted from the transport sector. Measures to reduce black carbon from residential heating are to accelerate the introduction of wood stoves with cleaner burning, improve burning techniques and inspect and maintain the wood stoves that are already in use. In the agricultural sector, methane emissions from food production can be reduced by using manure or food waste as raw material to biogas production.
    [Show full text]
  • "New Winds in the Barents Region"
    "NEW WINDS IN THE BARENTS REGION" 2nd Programme of Cultural Cooperation 2008-2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE BARENTS REGION AND COOPERATION STRUCTURE Barents Region Cooperation structure PART A CULTURAL POLICY PROGRAMME 2008 - 2010 1. General basis for the Programme 2. Objectives for cooperation 2.1. Cultural diversity and multicultural dialogue 2.2. Culture as a tool for regional, social and economic development 2.3. New cultural meeting places 3. Activities 4. Monitoring and evaluation 5. Funding PART B ACTION PLAN AND PROJECTS www.barentsinfo.org, www.barentsculture.ru. ANNEX - Mandate of JWGC - Kirkenes Declaration 1993 - Arkhangelsk Communiqué 1998 - Oulu Communiqué 2002 INTRODUCTION "Cultural sphere, in the full sense of it, includes social experience and a concept as well as economic, legal, scientific, moral and ethnical values Culture includes not only culture and arts, but also the way of life and system of values. In this sense culture becomes the major power for intellectual renewal and human perfection» (the European Council Report on European Cultural Policy) Culture plays a fundamental role in human and regional development in the Barents Region. The Programme of Cultural Cooperation 2008-2010 "New Winds in the Barents Region" is the framework for inter-regional cultural cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region. It highlights cultural diversity and the importance of culture and cultural industry as a unique tool for the development of the region. The cultural potential must be recognised and utilized to the full. This is the second Cultural Programme since Barents cooperation in the field of culture started in 1993. The first programme "Voices in the Barents Region" was implemented in the period of 2003-2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Sm–Nd and U–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of the Palaeoproterozoic Mafic Magmatism in Eastern and Northern Finland
    Geological Survey of Finland GeologicalGeological SurveySurvey ofof FinlandFinland 2018 Sm–Nd and U–Pb isotope geochemistry of the Palaeoproterozoic mafic magmatism in eastern and northern Finland Hannu Huhma, Eero Hanski, Asko Kontinen, Jouni Vuollo, Irmeli Mänttäri and Yann Lahaye Bulletin 405 • Monograph Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin The Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Finland publishes the results of scientific research that is thematically or geographically connected to Finnish or Fennoscandian geology, or otherwise related to research and innovation at GTK. Articles by researchers outside GTK are also welcome. All manuscripts are peer reviewed. Editorial Board Prof. Pekka Nurmi, GTK, Chair Dr Stefan Bergman, SGU Dr Asko Käpyaho, GTK Dr Antti Ojala, GTK Dr Timo Tarvainen, GTK, Scientific Editor Instructions for authors available from the Scientific Editor. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND Bulletin 405 Sm–Nd and U–Pb isotope geochemistry of the Palaeoproterozoic mafic magmatism in eastern and northern Finland by Hannu Huhma, Eero Hanski, Asko Kontinen, Jouni Vuollo, Irmeli Mänttäri and Yann Lahaye Unless otherwise indicated, the figures have been prepared by the authors of the publication. Layout: Elvi Turtiainen Oy Espoo 2018 Huhma, H.1) , Hanski, E.2), Kontinen, A.3), Vuollo, J.4), Mänttäri, I.1) & Lahaye, Y.1) 2018. Sm–Nd and U–Pb isotope geochemistry of the Palaeoproterozoic mafic magmatism in eastern and northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 405, 150 pages, 128 figures, 1 table and 11 appendices. The extensive isotopic studies performed at the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) since the early 1970s have shown that mafic magmas in the Karelia province of the Fennoscandian Shield were emplaced in several stages, including ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Hefte2.Qxp Layout 1
    Chairmanship Priorities Finnmark Oil platform in the Rypefjord (Hammerfest Municipality) Photo: Bjørn Hansen/Finnmark i bilder On the way to the Arctic View Havøygaveln windmill park, Summer in Finnmark, Torgeir Sæther og Sjur Ness Johanessen on the top of the mountain in Havøysund (Måsøy Municipality) fishing near the island of Ingøya (Måsøy Municipality) Photo: Bjørn Hansen/Finnmark i bilder Photo:Therese Wha The population of Finnmark has been inter- nationally oriented for centuries. When navi- gator Willem Barents discovered the Barents Sea in the end of 16th century, and explorer Roald Amundsen set off to the North Pole in the 1920s, they would make a last stop in Finnmark before the final leg of their journey. They stopped in Finnmark not only because it was the last stretch of European mainland, but also because it was already then, inhabited by a population that for generations had accu- mulated Arctic knowhow. Moreover, in the end of 18th century, the thriving trade in the Barents Ragnhild Vassvik, Chair of the Barents region led to the establishment of the two oldest Regional Council and Chair of towns in Finnmark, Vardø and Hammerfest. Finnmark County Council. Finnmark County is the northern- and easternmost county in Norway, a doorway to the shores of both the North Sea (Atlantic Ocean) and the Barents Sea (Arctic Ocean). It also borders the EU and the Russian Federation. Thus, Finnmark has been and will be putting a strong focus on international co-operation in the High North. The whole Barents region has almost 6 million inhabitants and a surface area of 1,75 million square kilometers.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Migration in Finland and the Context of Integration Policy
    1. MIGRATION IN FINLAND AND THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION POLICY – 45 Chapter 1 Migration in Finland and the context of integration policy Despite rapid growth over the past 25 years, Finland’s migrant population is not large in international comparison. The foreign-born in Finland, however, come from a diverse range of countries and bring with them a concomitantly wide range of integration service needs. The increase in inflows – particularly asylum seekers – in 2015, put a strain on the Finnish integration system, which was designed to support far fewer migrants. And important changes were introduced as the system struggled to maintain efficiency in the fact of increasing demand. These changes included integration services organised into modules that could be more easily combined into a tailored package of measures and the introduction of the Social Impact Bond to harness private finance in support of integration. If effective in ensuring Finland’s migrants are well integrated in society and on the labour market, these investments will help to alleviate the ageing-related challenges the country expects in the coming years.. This chapter provides the context for the report outlining i) the integration context, and the characteristics and composition of Finland’s foreign-born population that influence their integration outcomes, as well as the labour market context and challenges this presents, before turning to ii) the recent developments in integration policy in Finland. WORKING TOGETHER: SKILLS AND LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR CHILDREN IN FINLAND © OECD 2018 46 – 1. MIGRATION IN FINLAND AND THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION POLICY Over the last quarter of a century, Finland’s foreign-born population has been growing at a compound annual rate of 6.8 %; where the foreign-born accounted for just 1% of the Finnish population in 1990, in 2016 they accounted for close to 6.5%.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kainuu Regional Experiment
    SJPA The Kainuu regional experiment: deliberate and 19(4) unintended effects of scaling local government tasks to the regional level Arto Haveri, Jenni Airaksinen and Anni Jäntti* Abstract Arto Haveri This article examines the deliberate and unintended effects of the Kainuu Regional Exper- School of Management, iment, a regional reform where some important local government tasks were rescaled to University of Tampere the regional level. The analysis is based on the empirical results of a long-running evalua- [email protected] tion study. In Kainuu, the new regional government was successful in securing the quality Jenni Airaksinen and availability of welfare services, but in the task of regional development ‒ creating School of Management, new growth and development ‒ its role has been practically secondary, and in some cases University of Tampere the new regional government has been marginalised by the tensions built into it during the rescaling process. The Kainuu experiment exemplifies a case of rescaling where some Anni Jäntti (political) tensions between two perspectives/factors, service and development, were School of Management, rescaled together with local government functions, reflecting the reformer’s problem that University of Tampere it is extremely difficult to achieve many different outcomes with one governance expedi- ent. Altering the scale of governance has consequences for political decision-making, power structures, institutions, and citizens. Rescaling through a restructuring of hierarchy may produce different outcomes
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development of Ultra Small Peripheral Regions of West Europe (Case of Aland and Faroe Islands)
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Efimova, Elena; Kuznetsova, Natalia Conference Paper Economic development of ultra small peripheral regions of West Europe (Case of Aland and Faroe islands) 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Efimova, Elena; Kuznetsova, Natalia (2014) : Economic development of ultra small peripheral regions of West Europe (Case of Aland and Faroe islands), 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/124527 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Wooden Towns
    TURKU NAANTALI UUSIKAUPUNKI RAUMA PORI WELCOME TO OLD WOODEN TOWNS Walking around old towns is like stepping into a fairy tale: the colourful wooden houses, decorative gates, cobblestone streets and beautiful public buildings create an atmosphere of the long-forgotten past. In old Finnish coastal towns you find many lovely restaurants, cafés, shops and museums. Most of the buildings in these conservation areas date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, and strict regulations ensure that the area will retain their history. You can reach Turku by plane www.air-baltic.com via Riga, via Helsinki www.finnair.com or via Stockholm www.flysas.com and rent a car www.hertz.fi for your tour. If you want admire the beautiful archipelago and you come by your own car, take ferry from Stockholm www.silja.com or www.vikingline.com to Turku or from Kapellskär to Naantali www.finnlines.com. The Old Wooden Towns - tour on a map. OLD WOODEN TOWNS TOUR -TURKU www.visitturku.fi It all began on the Aura river. Do you know how to recognise a European city dating from the Middle Ages? A riverfront, market square, castle and cathedral, just to name a few. Sounds familiar – in fact, it sounds just like Turku. Turku is not only the one city in Finland that meets the above description, it is also a destination filled with events and things to do, not to mention the European Capital of Culture for 2011. You are most welcome to come and enjoy yourself in the cradle of history and culture! Luostarinmäki is a whole museum village dating from the 1700s and 1800s.
    [Show full text]