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Universitätsmedizin Berlin Aus dem Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und Ethik in der Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin DISSERTATION Paul Rostock – einflussreicher Arzt in nationalsozialistischer Wissenschaft und medizinischer Forschung. Biografie eines Chirurgen im Dienst des NS-Regimes. Paul Rostock – influential physician in Nazi science and medical research. Biography of a surgeon in the service of the Nazi regime. zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin von Philipp Friedrich Then aus Bamberg Datum der Promotion: 04.06.2021 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract/ Zusammenfassung ....................................................................................................... 6 Teil I: Paul Rostock – Forschungsstand, Fragestellung und Methodik ............. 9 1. Einleitende Bemerkungen ................................................................................................... 9 2. Aktueller Forschungsstand ................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Paul Rostock – ein biographischer Abriss .................................................................. 11 2.2 Rostock in einschlägiger Literatur über Medizin im NS-Regime .............................. 12 2.3 Rostock, die Charité, Medizinische Forschung und der Ärzteprozess ....................... 14 2.4 Rostock – Erwähnungen außerhalb einschlägiger Literatur ....................................... 19 2.5 Bewertung des Forschungsstandes ............................................................................. 22 3. Fragestellung der Dissertation ........................................................................................... 23 4. Methodik, Material und Vorgehen ..................................................................................... 24 Teil II: Paul Rostock – patriotischer Soldat, Student und junger Arzt............ 27 1. Rostocks Kindheit und Jugend in Posen und Westpommern ............................................ 27 1.1 Rostocks Jugend in den preußischen Grenzprovinzen ................................................ 28 1.2 Rostocks Schulbildung – konservativ und preußisch ................................................. 30 1.3 Rostock am Realgymnasium – der Übergang zur Kadettenschule ............................. 32 1.4 Rostocks soldatische Ausbildung – die preußischen Kadettenanstalten ..................... 33 1.5 Berufswechsel – die Humanmedizin .......................................................................... 35 2. Rostocks Erfahrungen als Offizier im Ersten Weltkrieg ................................................... 37 2.1 Rostock in Greifswald – ein kurzes Intermezzo ......................................................... 38 2.2 Rostocks Heeresdienst – Lage im Sommer 1915 ....................................................... 39 2.3 Rostock an der Ostfront im Gefecht ........................................................................... 40 2.4 Rostock an der Westfront – ein Weltkrieg geht zu Ende ............................................. 41 2.5 Rostocks erste Eindrücke einer Medizin auf dem Schlachtfeld .................................. 42 2.6 Rostocks Erlebnisse in der Heimat nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg ................................. 44 3. Rostocks Studium der Medizin nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in Jena ................................. 46 3.1 Rostock in der jungen Republik – Winter 1919/20 ..................................................... 47 3.2 Rostocks politisches Zuhause – der Nationalkonservatismus der DNVP .................. 48 3.3 Universität zu Jena – Schauplatz politischer Grabenkämpfe ...................................... 50 3.4 Rostock – Studiosus medicinae in Jena ...................................................................... 51 4. Rostock als Assistenzarzt – Fokus auf die Medizin .......................................................... 53 4.1 Beginn einer Karriere .................................................................................................. 54 4.2 Kurzbiographie – Nicolai Guleke – der erste Mentor ................................................. 57 4.3 Guleke über Rostocks Arbeit – ein einwandfreies Charakterzeugnis ......................... 60 4.4 Rostocks Familiengründung ....................................................................................... 60 5. Rostock in Bochum am Unfallkrankenhaus „Bergmannsheil“ ......................................... 62 5.1 Rostock als Oberarzt unter Magnus ............................................................................ 63 5.2 Kurzbiographie – Georg Magnus – Rostocks zweiter Mentor ................................... 66 5.3 Kurzbiographie – Karl Brandt – Rostocks Freund und Wegbegleiter ........................ 69 Teil III: Paul Rostock – ein Chirurg als Funktionsträger im Dritten Reich ... 74 1. Rostock – der Chirurg an der Universitätsklinik in der Ziegelstraße ................................ 74 1.1 Universitätsklinikum in der Ziegelstraße – eine Vorstellung ...................................... 75 1.2 Mangelverwaltung – die neue Führung in der Ziegelstraße ....................................... 77 1.3 Rostock – der Chefarzt in seiner Klinik bis 1945 ....................................................... 78 1.4 Kurzbiographie – Werner Haase – Rostocks Stellvertreter......................................... 81 2. Rostock – eine Karriere an der Medizinischen Fakultät zu Berlin ................................... 84 2.1 Rostocks Aufstieg zum ordentlichen Professor – die Habilitation ............................. 85 2.2 Parteibeitritt – eine schlichte Notwendigkeit? ............................................................ 87 2.3 Entwicklungen der Medizinischen Fakultät und der Charité im NS .......................... 88 2.4 Dekan Rostock – Höhepunkt einer universitären Laufbahn ....................................... 90 2.5 Kurzbiographie – Max de Crinis – das Regime an Rostocks Seite ............................ 92 2.6 Kurzbiographie – Joachim Mrugowsky – Rostocks Fakultätskontakte ...................... 95 2.7 Kurzbiographie – Ferdinand Sauerbruch – Rostocks Gegner ..................................... 98 3. Rostock – der Beratende Chirurg der Wehrmacht ........................................................... 102 3.1 System der Beratenden Chirurgen – verkleidete Zivilisten? .................................... 103 3.2 Rostock als Offizier – die Wiederbelebung eines alten Traums? .............................. 105 3.3 Rostocks Verbindung zu Gebhardt – ein brisanter Vortrag 1943 .............................. 106 4. Rostock – der Fachmann in Fragen medizinischer Wissenschaft ................................... 112 4.1 Wissenschaft und Ethik im NS-Regime – eine Betrachtung .................................... 113 4.2 Amt für Wissenschaft und Forschung – „Amt Rostock“ .......................................... 115 4.3 Rostock und der Reichsforschungsrat – Forschung für den Krieg ........................... 121 4.4 Unfallbegutachtung – ein Titel mit aktueller Gültigkeit ........................................... 124 5. Rostock im Nationalsozialismus – Zwischenbilanz ........................................................ 126 Teil IV: Paul Rostock – der Prozess und die Nachkriegszeit ........................... 128 1. Ende des Krieges, die Zeit nach dem „Dritten Reich“ .................................................... 128 2. Rostocks Karriereende – die Gefangenschaft ................................................................. 129 3. Rostock und der Prozess ................................................................................................. 135 3.1 Anklage gegen Rostock – „Schuldig im Sinne der Anklage“? ................................. 136 Malariaexperimente ......................................................................................................... 137 Lostversuche .................................................................................................................... 138 Sulfonamidversuche ........................................................................................................ 142 Regenerationsversuche .................................................................................................... 144 Versuche zur Trinkbarmachung von Meerwasser ........................................................... 145 Versuche über epidemische Gelbsucht ............................................................................ 147 Fleckfieberforschung ....................................................................................................... 149 Biologischer Krieg und Polygalversuche ........................................................................ 152 Rostock und seine Tätigkeiten im Nationalsozialismus .................................................. 153 3.2 Rostock – Brandts Mentor, Brandts Freund, Brandts Partner ................................... 154 3.3 Rostock und Pribilla – die Prozessstrategie .............................................................. 157 3.4 Urteil – „Freispruch“ ................................................................................................. 161 4. Rostock im Nachkriegsdeutschland ................................................................................ 163 4.1 Entnazifizierungsverfahren – „Mitläufer oder Aktivist“ ........................................... 164 4.2 Rostock auf
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