E A IMA WE A E I S I U E
QUA E Y
.O. O 3650 WAS I G O , DC 20007 SPRING 1989 VOL. 8, O. h Afr n l ph nt t b Cloak and dagger at US Surgical d l r d nd n r d A commercial laboratory, US Surgical of Thirty-eight animal welfare and conserva- The African elephant is experiencing a Norwalk, Connecticut, has gained notori- tion groups submitted a formal petition to population crash in at least 90% of its ety from increasingly suspicious circum- Secretary of the Interior Lujan on February range. The African Elephant and Rhino stances surrounding the case of a woman 16th requesting him to list the African ele- Specialist Group estimated in 1987 that 11 who allegedly sought to kill its president phant as an endangered species, pursuant to African nations had elephant populations and founder, Leon C. Hirsch. the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The numbering less than 1,000 animals, and When the news first broke that Fran Trutt petition cites poaching and smuggling by another eight had fewer than 5,000 ele- had been arrested by Norwalk police as she the commercial ivory trade as the pri- phants. The African elephant is was placing a pipe bomb filled with nails mary cause of the precipitous de- without a doubt in danger of ex- near Leon Hirsch's reserved parking place cline of elephant populations tinction in virtually all of its his- at US Surgical, some New York papers throughout Africa. toric range." devoted their whole first page to the news. Interior listed the African The petition cites 1) the Huge headlines, "Bow Wow Bomber" and elephant as 'threatened' in increased availability of " u y Love," carried what appeared to be 1978 having "decided to de- automatic weapons to at the time a simple message; an enraged pend on the Convention for poachers as a result of wars animal lover had tried to murder the head of International Trade in Endan- and civil unrest and 2) the a laboratory. gered Species to regulate the rapidly rising price of ivory, But local Connecticut newspapers had, ivory trade, in hopes that ille- as basic causes for the mas- from the start, asked more questions. gal ivory exports would disap- sive poaching and quotes The company eventually admitted using pear. However, a report sub- from R. Barnes' contribu- spies, according to The New York Times, mitted to CITES by the United tion to the African Elephant (January 26, 1989) "to infiltrate animal- Nations EnvironmentProgram Database Project: ". . it is rights organizations since the early 1980's." recognized that in 1987 'legal no surprise that whole vil- (Continued on page 2) exports accounted for only lages should have aban- 22% of the trade.' Illegal, or doned their normal farming S I E poached, ivory is the norm to- activities in order to turn to day. full-time ivory poaching." • Immuno loses in "In 1986 alone, approxi- Professor Colin W. libel suit 5 mately 89,000 elephants are Clark of the University estimated to have died, pri- of British Columbia's • Fur prices fall 7 marily as a result of poaching, Institute of Applied to supply the world ivory trade. Mathematics is • Ambassador fired for smuggling quoted in the peti- 8 tion. An authority • Prince William Sound: 0 on economics af- A grisly graveyard 9 Stop Press May , 8 E e a fecting endangered The United States has joined o u a io i species, he writes: • Astrid Lindgren wins mi io s "It is a fact of eco- Schweitzer Medal 10 Tanzania, Hungary, Austria, (es ima es Kenya, and Gambia in pro- nomic life that the It is estimated that 5 million over-exploitation of • Murder in the posing Appendix I listing for Amazon 4 the African elephant. elephants roamed Africa in 1970. species, even to the Somalia, Chad, Niger and Today, there may be less than (Continued on • Books 6 Senegal are expected tojoin. 500,000 remaining. page 8) " ocume s s ow US Su gica ai e ce io s I e a io a a ou $ 0,000 i 88 a 8 "
Hirsch told The Times, "We do have people when it was discovered that Perceptions In- staplers to potential customers. The dog who are involved in animal-rights organi- ternational, the security consultants, and dealers who have sold the animals to the zations who report to us regularly." Perceptions Press, publisher of The Animal company include some with unsavory repu- A previous Times article (January 13, Rights Reporter, which calls itself "A tations and at least one with a criminal 1989), stated: "A man who has Monthly Objec- record. For example, in 1983, dealer acknowledged driving an animal- tive Analysis of Rudolf Vrana's truck was stopped by Burl- rights advocate armed with a the Animal ington County SPCA agents who filed 20 bomb to the headquarters of the Rights Move- counts of cruelty against him resulting in United States Surgical Corpora- ment," share an fines of $4980. "The court finds that the tion last November now says he office and use transfer of animals covered with feces, urine was a paid informer cooperating the same mailing and unable to stand constitutes unspeak- with the company and the police permit. able cruelty," Judge Harry Supple said in . . . Mr. Mead said in the inter- According to a finding Vrana guilty. view that he had been recruited to Stamford Sun- Soon after the dogs and cats were seized strike up a friendship with Ms. day Advocate by the SPCA, two cats and three dogs were Trutt and follow her activities. report dated released to people who identified them as He said he picked her up at her January 31, their missing pets. A large number of home at 30-18 90th Street in 1988, US Surgi- missing animals had been reported in the Jackson Heights, Queens, on the Leon Hirsch, President of US cal's sales for area during the preceding year. night of Nov. 10 and drove her, Surgical , hold,s a surgical stapler. 1987 were Other sources of dogs included Appala- with the bomb, to United States $252.2 million chian Farms, which the USDA reported Surgical . . . Mr. Mead and the police both with earnings of $20.1 million. The article had "no facilities... It occurs to us that some said that he was working for a security con- refers to "a 1984 SEC investigation that irregularity is involved." sulting company, Perceptions International charged the company with inflating its earn- of Stratford. But the company's president, ings between 1979 and 1981 by falsifying Lobbying by US Surgical Jan Reber, denied that Mr. Mead worked records...US Surgical settled the case, re- US Surgical took an intense interest in for Perceptions." stating its earnings, but never admitted to the Improved Standards for Laboratory As the story developed, it has been re- any wrongdoing." Leon Hirsch was quoted Animals amendments to the Animal Wel- liably reported that US Surgical paid Per- as saying, "Nobody can point a finger and fare Act, seeking every possible means to say anything was ever proven." prevent enactment during the four years of Credited by US Surgical with starting the consideration of its precursor bills by SEC investigation was a former employee, Congress. US Surgical's lobbyist, Dennis Alan Blackman. The article notes, "In Taylor, was the most visibly active oppo- 1984 the company won its suit in Australia nent of the legislation. Mr. Taylor insisted against Blackman, who was found guilty of that US Surgical's trade secrets would be breaching contractual obligations by sell- endangered by the requirement for an Insti- ing copies of its products... the legal fees for tutional Animal Care and Use Committee. the Blackman suits and the SEC investiga- Since he claimed that no pain was inflicted tion totaled $18.5 million." on the dogs, that there was no survival An earlier (November 8, 1981)Stamford surgery, and that the animal quarters were Advocate article reported with respect to excellent, the intense opposition of his the federal Animal Welfare Act that US company appeared to lack a rational basis. FranTrutt (left) at pre-trial hearing; Surgical "did not receive its first federal However, he made clear why salesmen for "She was set up," said her attorney. inspection till 1979, at least three years US Surgical are taught to operate on dogs: after it began operating...because the com- "You cannot send a salesman into an oper- ceptions International over half a million pany did not register with USDA until atjng suite untrained. There are about 200 dollars over the last 14 months. $75,000 al- March 27, 1979." salesmen. Many make over $100,000 a legedly went to a woman who made it her year. They make it talking surgeon's lan- business to pose as an animal rights enthu- US Surgical's dog dealers guage," he said. siast and tape conversations whenever they Large numbers of random-source dogs Members of Congress and their aides appeared advantageous to her employers. are used each year by US Surgical to train were invited to spend an all-expenses-paid A further curious link was established sales staff for demonstration of surgical weekend in Norwalk, including a tour of 2 US Surgical's facilities. US Surgical was unique in this form of lobbying against the Improved Standards for Laboratory Ani- Who are the players in this melodrama? mals amendments. These excerpts from news reports are intended to help interested readers Spying at US Surgical keep the strange events straight by identifying the participants. At the time, the corporation's attempts to spy on and manipulate animal rights groups were unknown, but the activities evidently overlapped. The possibility of links with activities of the National Institutes of Health Marc Mead 20): "Protecting is a subject of wide speculation. The Janu- big business from ary issue of e A ima ig s e o e , According to the possible threats Perceptions Press' newsletter, starts off o wa k ou , and at the same with a quote from Dr. Frederick K. Good- (January 12,1989) time facing win of the National Institute of Mental Marc Mead, who nickel-and-dime Health. Dr. Goodwin's name became well- says he drove Trutt civil suits is Jan known to the animal welfare community and the bomb to Reber, 39, head of after a sensational memo of his was leaked. US Surgical,"is on Perceptions Inter- Dr. Goodwin advised his peers: "1. The federal probation national, a secu- stakes are enormous. The animal rights' stemming from a rity consulting movement threatens the very core of what 1984 conviction firm in Stratford. Ma c Mea e o a e use o a s o the Public Health Service is all about. 2. on charges of mail "Although Mr. a u a om o US Su gica . The 'bunker' strategy is no longer tenable." fraud .. . found Reber supplies un- Since the Goodwin memo which recom- guilty of violating probation in 1986 and dercover investigative services and per- mended "a more pro-active posture," ap- [he] was ordered to undergo psychiatric forms them himself, he is not licensed to do peared, an increasingly aggressive approach counseling, according to a probation de- the work. He and other Perceptions em- by some institutions using laboratory ani- partment official, who said Mead is still ployees work under the license of a man mals has been noted. e A ima ig s required to undergo counseling ... Kenneth named Keith Mayo. e o e itself describes a debate on the D'Amato, a Bridgeport attorney who has "Mr. Reber is under contract to West- "Today" show in which the president of the represented Mead since Trutt was arrested porter Leon Hirsch, chairman of the board University of Texas Health Center at San Nov. 11, . . . is on the board of directors of of US Surgical . . . Mr. Reber has been Antonio "observed a strategy throughout Perceptions International Inc., which Mead successfully sued twice by Leach and Gar- the interview which was to repeat just two claims hired him to monitor Trutt's activi- ner Company of Attleboro, Mass. He was major points: animal rights people are ties." found guilty of unfair business practices in getting violent, and animal research has The February 4th United Press Interna- 1986 and ordered to pay the company benefited everyone. He couched a vari- tional wire states: "Mead claimed he had $26,220. A year later, as part of the same ation of one of these points in every answer rehearsed Trutt's arrest with a Norwalk suit, he was ordered to pay the company he gave, even if his answer did not address police sergeant and US Surgical's chief of $8,740." The newspaper also details addi- the question he was asked." security. He talked Trutt out of planting the tional lawsuits. In a February 9th article, ai ess re- bomb at Hirsch's home so all would pro- A February 9th Associated Press wire ported, "While Leon Hirsch, Perceptions ceed as planned, Mead said. US Surgical states, "Reber, whose office is secured by a International and some members of the said it employed Perceptions International combination-locked door monitored by a Norwalk police apparently knew that Fran for about five years as security consultants, video camera and intercom, said Percep- Trutt was driving up to Norwalk from New but denied any link to Mead even though tions first became involved with animal- York City with a live powerful bomb, it his sister is the security chief's secretary." rights movements in Europe, where he said seems they did nothing to evacuate em- According to United Press International activists are far more militant and danger- ployees at US Surgical or in surrounding (February 22), Mead was provided with an ous." buildings, let alone warn anyone on area Alfa Romeo and a Porsche "to impress Fran According to G ee wic ime, (January highways or at a rest stop where she paused Stephanie Trutt . ." 29), in a story about e A ima ig s on her way to Norwalk. e o e : "Launched last November, the "Reportedly, a Norwalk police officer newsletter is published by Perceptions Press, did try to tell Marc Mead— the undercover Jan Reber, a Stratford-based company headed by Jan agent working for US Surgical who accom- R. Reber . . . A Washington, D. C., tele- panied Trutt— how to disconnect the bomb Perceptions International and phone number on the masthead rings in even though Mead, a Westport window Perceptions Press Perceptions Press' Stratford office .. . washer by trade, has no familiarity or expe- Connecticut state police are investigating rience with explosives." According to the Wes o ews, (January whether Perceptions conducted an illegal "Perceptions International paid Mead a total of $5,207 in fees and expenses. Mead has said he was paid to befriend and inform on Trutt for Perceptions International and US Surgical."
411111MINININ investigation into Trutt's activities. Per- A e ime e w o e e memo, e e ick sor writing a book on the animal rights ceptions is not licensed in Connecticut to K. Goo wi ea e e esea c a m o e movement. conduct investigations, police say." a io a I s i u e o Me a ea . I a "Seymour Day 'Bud' Vestermark, Jr., A March 3rd New York Times article i e iew as week, e e e e i s osi io who is a principal executive at Perceptions states: "The president of Perceptions Inter- I ou missio is esea c , I m o goi g o International, Inc., is well known among national, Jan Reber, argues that his work is e ai wi a s o esea c g ou , e sai . animal rights activists who say he has been a us oes make se se. a s ike not investigative, but 'information gather- sayi g e e e se e a me s ou e seen at demonstrations around the country ing,' which is why he has not sought a ai o aci is s w o say e e oug o e a since 1986, often taking photographs and private investigator's license from the state e e se e a me . video-taping protestors. of Connecticut. e a so sugges e i e memo a e "Vestermark, who on two occasions al- "Speaking in an office heavily decorated age cies s ou u oge e g ou s o legedly identified himself as a Harvard in animal skins, imitation elephant tusks i k o mo e c ea i e ways o cou e e sociology professor, has a background in and African artifacts—many gifts from an o g e m ea ose y e a ima ig s security and is a long-time associate of Jan earlier career as a security adviser in Af- mo eme . o e am e, i mig e os Reber, president of Perceptions Interna- rica—Mr. Reber stressed that he kept his si e o u s ecia e ows i s i esea c tional, friends and associates said. He has distance from law-enforcement agencies." a ocacy o i es iga o s w o ma y wis been listed as a 'senior consulting editor' o i c u e suc ac i i y i ei ca ee . for The Animal Rights Reporter, a newslet- e memo was is i u e o a a e 8 mee i g, i c u i g a kie u , a ter published by another company headed o yis w o a so u s e ou a io o by Reber... iome ica esea c i Was i g o , .C. "Vestermark's father, Seymour Vester- . e e ick Goo wi , mark, Sr., was director of the Division of Head, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Goo wi e e s u s ese ce a e mee i g a gi i g e a co y o e memo. Manpower and Training at the National Health Administration We e o a owe o o y, Goo wi Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda from sai i e i e iew. e e s a aw agai s 1948 to 1958 . . . On February 5th Newsday wrote: i . [ u ] a e e a age cies a e i kages "Security professionals interviewed said o a ious a ocacy g ou s i e es e i e Vestermark was working with Reber as far O Se . 28, 8 , ig e e i ec o s usi ess o a age cy. back as the early 1970's, when Reber started a a mi is a o s o US go e me e a security consulting firm in Westport." sea c age cies a e o yis o e On February 1, the Norwalk Hour pub- a io s iome ica esea c i us y me lished an article entitled "Trailing of Trutt i Was i g o , .C., o iscuss e g owi g apparently one facet of medical research- a ima ig s mo eme a ways o ig i . ers' broader plan": "The same month that e s akes a e e o mous, w o e o e Goodwin wrote his private memo (which Ma y ou Sa o e e e a o icia wi e a io a I s i u e o was addressed to three scientists and Trull), An Associated Press wire story (February Me a ea i a i e a memo is i 16) reports: "A Stratford security consult- u e a e e mee i g. " e a ima ig s Perceptions Press was created by Reber, ing firm paid nearly $90,000 to two people mo eme ea e s e e y co e o w a who simply changed the name of the com- e u ic ea Se ice is a a ou ... e pany from Secintell, Inc., an apparent con- who infiltrated the animal rights movement " u ke " s a egy is o o ge e a e e traction of 'security intelligence.' The first and allegedly spied on the woman accused S is a i isio o e US e a me o issue of The Animal Rights Reporter rolled of trying to kill the president of US Surgical ea a uma Se ices. e memo off the press a year later." Corp. goes o o ou i e a s a egy esig e o "Perceptions International Inc., a firm kee e go e me e i e sce es w i e hired by US Surgical, made the payments to e cou agi g o e ea ca e g ou s o Mary Lou Sapone of Ridgefield and Marcus u e mi e e a ima ig s mo eme .. .. S. . es e ma k, . Mead of Westport, according to a story e w i e o e co o e sia memo is According to theNorwalk Hour (Febru- published in Thursday's edition of The Ad- ow ea o e A co o , ug A use a ary 1): "There is evidence that a third vocate of S tamford. Me a ea A mi is a io . is a mi i member of a Stratford security firm ac- "Perceptions also hired a Long Island s a io o e sees e ac i i ies o mo e a cused of conducting illegal private investi- a o e ea e a e age cies, i c u i g firm to follow Fran Stephanie Trutt, an gations has infiltrated animal rights groups e a io a I s i u e o Me a ea . animal rights activist who has been charged for years under the guise of being a profes- with attempted murder in connection with 4 The chimpanzee an attempted bombing at US Surgical in o wa k o ice o coo e a e wi US Su gi champions triumph November. ca . "Hallmark International Inc. of According to the Westport News (Febru- Smithtown, N. Y., was hired by Percep- ary 1), "Ms. Trutt alleged that Mrs. Sapone Immuno loses on all counts in had attempted to incite her to kill prolonged $4 million libel case Mr. Hirsch. 'The first time she telephoned me she said: "Hirsch The Austrian pharmaceutical firm Immuno ought to be blown from here to AG lost an expensive and prolonged libel suit January when the appellate Division of kingdom come. I wish we could buy a bomb." ' " the Supreme Court of New York ruled that the libel action should have been dismissed. In 1983, Shirley McGreal who heads the John R. Williams, International Primate Protection League, Fran Trutt's Attorney wrote a letter to the Editor of the Journal of Medical Primatology, Professor Moor- According to the Danbury News- Jankowski, critical of Immuno's plans for Times, (February 2), New Haven use of wild-caught chimpanzees. Immuno attorney John R. Williams, who is sued them both. When Moor-Jankowski's Mary Lou Sapone (in dark glasses) poses as an defending Fran Trutt, said: "'Fran lawyers fought back with a motion for animal rights supporter at a demonstration. Trutt was set up and Mary Lou dismissal for the libel suit, summary judg- Sapone played a role in that setup ment was denied by Justice Beatrice tions to watch Trutt, her family and com- and continued to play that role long after the Shainswit in August 1987. panions in the Jackson Heights section of arrests were made' ... He claimed Sapone But the five-justice panel of the New Queens. helped engineer the bombing attempt. He York Supreme Court thought otherwise. "The Advocate reported that documents also said he is convinced Sapone was work- "To unnecessarily delay the disposition show US Surgical paid Perceptions Inter- ing for Perceptions International, a private of a libel action is not only to countenance national about $550,000 in 1988 and 1989 security firm, and was being paid by US waste and inefficiency but to enhance the ... According to financial statements, Per- Surgical to discredit the animal-rights move- value of such actions as instruments of ceptions International paid Sapone a total ment 'and to scare the hell out of its follow- harassment and coercion inimical to the of $59,612 in fees and $23,434 for ex- ers.' " exercise of First Amendment rights," said penses between June 19, 1987 and Dec. 19, Presiding Justice Francis T. Murphy. 1988. Laboratory animal As Justice Murphy declared in his writ- "Perceptions International paid Mead a regulations finally published ten judgment, "Obviously McGreal's true total of $5,207 in fees and expenses be- report of Immuno's initial proposal, the tween Aug. 17 and Nov. 10, 1988, the On March 15, 1989, proposed rules for source and date of which were scrupulously records show. Mead has said he was paid to enforcement of the Improved Standards for identified by her, cannot support a recovery befriend and inform on Trutt for Percep- Laboratory Animals Act amendments to for defamation. Particularly perplexing is tions International and US Surgical." the Animal Welfare Act were published in the claim, implicit in Immuno's argument, In a February 6th article, The Fairfield the Federal Register. that the disclosure of its original proposal Advocate states: "According to Trutt, The rules are divided into three parts. was defamatory. It must be stressed that Sapone was the first person to suggest to Part I: Definitions; Part II: Regulations; this was Immuno's own proposal. her that she plant a bomb at US Surgical... and Part III: Standards. Proposed regula- "Surely Immuno does not suggest that its tions for Parts I and II were previously very own plan, one which it would have a emac e [a associa e o u s a o published March 31, 1987. They have been been happy to pursue, was so ill-conceived ey, o Wi iams] mai ai e yes e ay modified in response to over 7,000 com- a US Su gica , e ce io s I e a io a and so obviously pernicious in its methods ments received and a full explanation of and probable consequences that its accu- a e o wa k o ice co i ce a e each decision appears in theFederal Regis- a e u o a e om . rate disclosure caused Immunoreputational ey o i e e wi mo ey a a s ter notice. injury. If the plan was so clearly misguided o a io a o e i gs, e sai . Interested persons are now invited to the wound which its disclosure is alleged to a emac e o e a o wa k o ice o i comment on Part III, which includes the h‘ave caused is self-inflicted and cannot be ce s some imes e o m o u y wo k o requirements for exercise for dogs and a redressed through the law of libel." US su gica , w ic e com a y a o ice physical environment adequate to promote Since Immuno claims it changed its re- C ie Ca a ia ca a e o co i me . psychological well-being of primates. search plan in April 1983, why did it hold A a e y US Su gica e ie es ey ow These comments are due by July 15. back this information? It is a mystery e o wa k o ice, a emac e sai . For a copy of the Federal Register, send C ea y e e s a i a cia i ce i e y $8.00 (our printing cost) to AWI. (Continued on page 18) WILDLIFE 200 charged with waterfowl poaching Fur smugglers trapped Last December also saw another sting were seized. as ecem e , e is a Wi i e Se ice brought to a successful close. Again the Although delighted with the success of oug c imi a c a ges agai s 200 eo e o center of operations, this time for a 2-year the Fish and Wildlife operation, Tom io a i g wa e ow u i g egu a io s. e period, was Texas. Federal agents of the Smylie, a spokesman for the agency, issued c a ges s eme om a ee yea i es iga io Fish and Wildlife Service infiltrated a major a caveat: "There are smuggling families all i w ic u e co e age s ooke u s wi fur-smuggling ring dealing in pelts of ani- along the border. If this is just the tip of the gui es a ow e s o comme cia u i g usi mals trapped in Mexico. iceberg we've got a serious problem with esses. As their front the agents opened a fur- depletion of animals in Mexico." e gui es, ma y o w om c a ge om $6 trading company in Van Horn which bought o $ 00 e ay o u i g a o g e e as pelts of numerous furbearing animals— Three hurdles cleared coas , we e o e y e cou agi g ei c ie s o ocelots, gray foxes, kit foxes, bobcats, ring- make i ega ki s. io a io s occu e i ninety- tail cats, raccoons and coyotes—whilst by EC on trapped furs two percent o e u s o se e y age s. painstakingly building up the dossier against O e , 00 io a io s we e ocume e suspect smugglers. Finally the suspects, The European Parliament has taken the i o i g e 4 u i g usi esses i es i next essential step toward ga e , i c u i g " a yi g" (usi g mo o oa s labelling imported furs o i e i s owa s u e s s oo i g mo e caught in steel-jaw leghold a e ega imi ai i g o e ie e s o traps. On February 17, 1989, i s usi g ea s o a am i ie ca s the Parliament adopted a aki g i s u i g c ose seaso s s oo i g motion for resolution pre- e o e o a e ega s oo i g ou s se i g pared by the Committee on mig a o y i s a a si yi g eco s. we y the Environment, Public wo gui es a ow e s we e a es e i e s i g. Health, and Consumer Pro- io a io s i o e s ow geese, ue geese tection. The Parliament is a ume ous uck s ecies. A so i se e a taking the matter seriously, i s a ces e o s, i ises, a o s a o e mi with full discussion and pas- g a o y o game i s we e i ega y ki e o sage of 9 amendments to the so o u e co e age s. Some of the seized furs: ring tailed cats, gray foxes and proposal. It was adopted by So a , 0 eo e a e ee icke e a coyotes. an overwhelming majority: ai i es o a i g o e $ 0,000 a eo e 139-3 with 5 abstentions. a e ea e gui y o acey Ac a Mig a o y three Americans and eight Mexicans, were The resolution was sent to the European i ea y io a io s. invited to a barbecue. All three Americans Commission which on April 28, issued a io a io s o e Mig a o y i Ac ca and five of the Mexicans turned up. They proposed regulation for an import ban in ca y e a ies o 6 mo s i ai a i es o were promptly arrested. And 6000 pelts 1996. $ ,000 o i i i ua s a $ 0,000 o o ga i a io s. o acey Ac io a io s, e i es a e e e s i e : u o $2 0,000 o i i i ua s a Prison for drug and primate dealer $ 00,000 o o ga i a io s as we as a ossi e i e yea iso se e ce. A classic example of the connection be- he moved from Tarpon Springs to Leticia, tween drugs and wildlife in the subterra- Columbia in 1953 to set up an animals Improved protection of wetlands urged nean world of smuggling surfaced Febru- exporting business and became the major e is a Wi i e Se ice as a ou ce ary 17 when Michael Tsalickis was sen- exporter of South American monkeys. He u ica io o a e o — eques e y Co g ess tenced to 27 years in federal prison for was appointed US Consular Agent in Leti- i 86— ecomme i g u ge measu es o masterminding the smuggling of 7,300 cia. Leticia is close to the borders of Brazil o ec Ame ica s wi i gwe a s. E i e pounds of Columbian cocaine into the add Peru, so Tsalickis and the many hunters The Impact of Federal Programs on Wetlands, United States. Tsalickis used the logs from he employed had access to large numbers e e o ca e o a a o e eg a a io a rainforest trees he imported to conceal the of squirrel monkeys and otherprimates. At ag icu u a co e sio o we a s, ow ow huge quantities of cocaine. one time he operated monkey charter flights o i e mo e a a qua e o ei o igi a For many years he had been importing to the United States. One of his principal ac eage, a u ges c ose iaiso e wee e South American primates. According to customers was the National Institutes of age cies i o e i o e o a oi co ic i g the International Primate Protection League Health (NIH). ac io s a o icies. 6 WILDLIFE Fur prices fall The fur trade is feeling the pinch. Accord- The Market Report column in the January greedy. ing to The Guardian (Prince Edward Is- issue of that bible of the fur trade, The His operation was not in itself illegal; land, Canada), April 7,1989, a government Trapper, andPredator Caller , by Parker L. Canada, through the government of the survey shows "that eight out of 10 Canadi- Dozhier notes: Northwest Territories, permits a limited hunt of polar bears. All the same there was Acco i g o cou y a problem. His numerous US clients would uye s, ma y a e s, not be happy to shell out such a sizeable u o ea i g e es e a ue o ei ca c , sum of money unless they could be sure of a e sai ey i e o being able to impress friends back home u u a i es, c aim with tangible proof of their skill and daring i g a a ese ices in the form of a polar bear trophy. The ey ca o ay o trophy of course would have to be im- gaso i e. ported—and this was expressly forbidden is a mos i s a by both CITES and the Marine Mammal es o se o ices is seaso wi ce ai y Protection Act. esu i e s o es Letters to prospective clients proffered a a es si ce e ea y "virtually foolproof solution to this tire- 60s. some problem. For a small extra charge of I ew Yo k, Mo $1000 a"gal who smuggles" would arrange ea , a k u a for the forbidden trophy to be flown in ome e u a e is i luggage from Toronto to an American city A bobcat struggles in a leghold trap se ious ou e. ese ma u ac u e s a e or taken across the border by car. sig e s, o ce so im o a o e wi u In 1987 the Knaps, husband and wife, ans support the protection and not the kill- a e e e i Ame ica, a e ow su e i g found themselves in a Texas court charged ing of wildlife," and, "The fur trade's own om w a I ca e i o me a is a with assisting a Texan businessman to analysts are predicting a bleak financial ou ... e e e o e as e u u e o e u smuggle home a polar bear hide and skull outlook." The Guardian cites a trade pub- a e see suc wi es ea u ce ai y. (see Spring/Summer 1987 Quarterly). They lication assessment: "The European mar- were each fined $20,000, with Jerome Knap ket fell in less than three years from the top also being jailed for 60 days while his wife consuming region to an area where furs are was ordered to do 500 hours community now looked upon with distaste." The fig- work. ures for falling consumer demand are given: Last November a Canadian court added "Germany, 25%; Holland, 90%; United Cold comfort for to the Knaps' well-merited punishment by Kingdom, 74%; Austria, 25% and Switzer- imposing a fine of $70,000 on their com- land, 75%." polar bear smugglers pany. They had pleaded guilty to violating Fur Age Weekly (New York, NY) April Canada's Export and Import Act by smug- 24, 1989, has two front page stories reflect- Once upon a time he had been president of gling 22 polar bear hides and one narwhal ing the same trend. The first headline the Outdoor Writers of Canada and a reads: "Hudson's Bay London Will Close tusk across the border. member of the Outdoor Writers Associa- About a dozen US hunters who (with the Its Doors." The story quotes an announce- tion of America. And his government had ment: "Due to the present state of the aid of the Knaps) smuggled home their invited him (though later withdrawing the trophies have been successfully prosecuted. market, HBA and Finnish Fur Sales have invitation) to give delegates of the 1987 The US Department of Justice believes been forced to reappraise the Group's op- CITES conference in Ottawa a taste of there could be as many as 60 hunters in- erational basis for next selling season... It Canada's great outdoors. has not been possible to maintain a profit- volved and intends tracking down and Such a man, you might suppose, would able auction activity in London in the pres- prosecuting all of them. be a staunch upholder of the laws which ent market circumstances." The second story headed "Fur Expo protect endangered wildlife. But no. For Canceled," says: "The board of directors Jerome Knap of Waterdown, Ontario, of the Master Furriers Guild of America, owned a company called Canada North announced last week that it has canceled Outfitting Inc. which, for a fee of $13,500, the Fur Expo due to a lack of early partici- arranged 10-day expeditions on Baffin Is- pation commitments." land for polar bear hunters. And Knap was 7 E e a s (co . om age point of extinction, becomes the most prof- The biggest ivory smugglers are itable strategy given that the product price is sufficiently high. Most vulnerable are highest government officials large animals having low reproduction po- tential. International trade in products Recent months have seen a rash of ivory game is up. No one turns up to claim them. from whales and large carnivores (e.g. leop- smuggling at the most senior levels of gov- So the tusks are seized and the hunt is now ards, tigers) is now almost completely ille- ernment. Nor has this been a matter of just on for the "owners". Diplomats at several gal, and the result has been that the likeli- one or two nicely carved pieces tucked for- African embassies are being questioned. hood of survival of these species is greatly getfully away amongst a host of other arti- Lastly back to Africa, to Somalia and to enhanced. I am convinced that elephants facts in a busy diplomat's baggage. The the highest in the land, the President him- quantities have been almost beyond belief. self, Major General Mohamed S iyaad Barre. Decline in Average Tusk Weight In January the Indonesian ambassador to A letter signed by him, dated March 1987, Tanzania, about to board the plane home at has recently come to light. Addressed to the end of five years service, was taken various Ministries and to Police Headquar- aside and asked to explain how his personal ters, it reads (in translation) as follows: .luggage came to include 208 elephant tusks, "The attached application was submitted 82 carved ivory figures, 14 carved ivory to me by Comrades Omer Hassan Khayre walking sticks, ivory necklaces, 16 ostrich and Hussein Bane Hassan, requesting me eggs and two mounted gazelles. The ivory to authorize them to bring into the country weighed around three tons with a value of elephant tusks from Kenya and Ethiopia. $500,000. Having properly considered their request I The ambassador was detained and the am giving them due authorization to bring
2 80 86 88 ivory seized. Later he was allowed to the items under discussion into this country
22.6 IS. .6 0. 2 0. 6.6 . leave the country, but was fired from the and I further instruct you to reward them, foreign Service upon his return home. The along the lines laid down in the relevant are doomed unless the ivory trade is illegal- incident is reported to have come close to regulations." ized." causing Tanzania, which has lost well over Kenya's elephants are taking the brunt of To illegalize the commercial trade inter- half its elephants in the last 10 years, to this diabolical onslaught. The well-armed nationally, it is necessary to list the African break off diplomatic relations with Indone- gangs of poachers operating in the Tsavo elephant on Appendix I which signifies sia. National Park mostly come from Somalia. endangered status. At present Loxodonta Move on now to February in London's Of this there is no doubt—some even carry Africana is listed as Appendix II corre- Gatwick airport. There, concealed in 20 identification cards issued by Somalia. sponding to the US threatened category. diplomatic sacks in an airport warehouse, In the past three years the Somali gov- Tanzania's elephants have suffered ap- are up to 200 uncut elephant tusks. The ernment has sold or stockpiled no fewer palling losses from poaching. Even baby sacks, which arrived on a Portuguese air- than 29,000 tusks—And most recently elephants with tiny tusks are gunned down line flight form Kinshasa, Zaire, via Lis- Somali soldiers in uniform were caught for their ivory. The Wildlife Society of bon, have been awaiting collection for three red-handed. The US, under the 1988 Ele- Tanzania requested the Government of months. They are being closely watched phant Conservation Act, has banned all Tanzania to take the lead in submitting an over by Customs officials. ivory imports both from Somalia and from Appendix I proposal to the CITES Secre- But plainly word has got out that the any country purchasing Somali ivory. tariat. The seventh biennial meeting of the 101 Just a few of CITES member nations will be held in the 208 Lausanne, Switzerland this October. The elephant tusks fate of the elephant depends on ending the found in the ivory trade. To do that, Appendix I listing Indonesian and US endangered listing are essential. ambassador's ACTION: Please write to Secretary personal Lujan urging him to list the African ele- luggage. phant as endangered under the US Endan- gered Species Act on an emergency basis and to support Appendix I listing by CrIES He may be addressed: Hon. Manuel Lujan, Jr. Secretary of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 8 PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND: A GRISLY GRAVEYARD
Good Friday 1989 will go tently cut corners. The down as one of the blackest Exxon Valdez, built in 1986, days in the lengthening his- had no double hull, an es- tory of environmental dis- sential safety measure. Ac- asters. On that date one of cording to The New York the world's richest havens Times, April 16, 1989, "the for sea mammals and birds Coast Guard had dropped a was turned into a grisly proposed requirement for graveyard, and one of the double hulls." Also dropped finest fishing grounds in the were 6 of the 11 person staff world was devastated. And of the area's Coast Guard it happened on US terri- traffic control who had been tory: Prince William removed in budget cuts. Sound, Alaska, and its sur- Not only the staff but the rounding area. necessary equipment had In calm seas with good been subject to budget visibility the Exxon Val- slashes. According to the dez, 13 huge oil tanks on London Sunday Times, board, rammed a group of One of the casualities of Exxon's negligence, miserliness, and (April 2) "The reef is some submerged rocks, punctur- incompetence: A California Gray whale lies dead in Alaska. 14 miles from the radar sta- ing two of the 13 tanks, as a tion at Potato Point outside prelude to running aground on a prominent Then there are the birds. Uncountable the port, but the equipment there only has a reef, way off course, tearing gaping holes numbers of seabirds have been cruelly range of 13 miles when conditions are per- in a further six tanks and voiding millions killed. And this spring for millions of fect. And it is unable to pick up icebergs." of gallons of oil straight into the sea. geese, ducks and other migrants, the ances- The Times further reported, "...a former To deal with such an emergency the tral feeding-and resting sites along Alaska's radar technician revealed that more power- Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, jointly southern coast will have proved no restora- ful equipment was replaced five years ago run by seven big oil companies, had given tive lifeline but an oleaginous death trap. as part of an exercise aimed at saving $3.8 assurances that clean-up equipment and To this black picture must be added the million over the next 10 years. The techni- containment booms would be in action ruination of whole fishing communities cian, Pat Levy said he wrote to Alaska's within three hours of a spillage. In fact thanks to the heedless destruction of the congressmen and the top Coast Guard nothing much happened for the best part of once superbly rich salmon and herring fish- commander in the United States warning a day and a half (except that the oil contin- eries. How could such a tragedy have been them that the move would bring 'an oil ued gushing from the crippled tanker). allowed to happen? tanker disaster in the sound closer to real- By then a savage nor' westerly was blow- Exxon is a company which saw fit to hire ity.' " ing and feeble attempts to contain the 10 as skipper of the Exxon Valdez a man Irresponsible penny pinching by big million gallons of crude swilling around in whose fondness for alcohol resulted in his business and big government is the root the icy seas were doomed to failure. Within driving license being suspended or revoked cause of this desecration of nature. Exxon days the slick covered 1000 square miles, three times in five years. He was reportedly is eager to pay for drilling in the Alaska including hundreds of miles of bays and observed drinking at a tavern before board- National Wildlife Refuge despite the fact inlets favored by the region's sea mam- ing the ship and was below deck when that it was declared a "permanent wilder- mals. disaster struck. ness" in the last days of the Carter admini- Among the more fatuous statements An unqualified seaman was at the helm stration, but it wouldn't pay for a double issued by Exxon in the days following the of the enormous vessel. Recently Exxon, hull for the Exxon Valdez or for competent spill was one claiming there "has been no in order to reduce crew size and shipping helmsmen. evidence of dead mammals found." The costs, promoted its existing ordinary sea- AC IO : Let Exxon know your opin- implication that the animals had all mi- men to the rank of able seamen, authorized ion by refusing to buy its products and raculously escaped the engulfing tide of to handle the ship's wheel. The inexperi- writing its chairman. If you have an Exxon sludge and consequent agonizing death enced helmsman apparently didn't even credit card, cut it in half and enclose it. from starvation, oil ingestion and hypoth- know the huge ship had been put on auto- The address is: ermia, was soon contradicted by the dead matic pilot. Consequently, last minute Mr. Lawrence G. Rawl, Chairman and dying sea otters, sea lions, humpbacks, efforts to change course away from the reef Exxon Corporation orcas, harbor seals and, as illustrated above, were vain. 1251 Avenue of the Americas gray whales. Exxon is a company which has persis- New York, NY 10023 9 Astrid Lindgren, Factory farming foe, wins Albert Schweitzer Award Astrid Lindgren is Sweden's most popular author. When she turned her powerful mind to reforming factory farm Congressman cruelty, the Swedish government passed a new law in 1988. In recognition of her achievement, the Albert Schweitzer Charles Bennett Medal of the Animal Welfare Institute was presented to her March 16 at the Swedish Embassy residence, where congratulates Ambassador Wilhelm Wachtmeister welcomed members and special guests. "In Sweden," he said, "She is not only the Astrid Lindgren most famous lady, she is the most beloved. I am sure that if the animals could vote, the majority would be still greater after handing her in her favor." the medal. The medal was presented to Astrid Lindgren by Congressman Charles Bennett, dean and chairman of the Florida Mrs. Lindgren delegation and author of the Veal Calf Protection Act now pending before the House Agriculture Committee. makes her speech while the Congressman Congressman Bennett's Remarks looks on (far I am reminded about what President Truman said one time. You of—cooped up with no exercise—being fed an overdose of grain right). know, when you come to Washington and you really want to in order to grow twice as fast, while they are being stuffed with have a friend, better buy yourself a dog. antibiotics in order to survive all the bouts of pneumonia and boils Tonight we're going to recognize an extraordinary lady. She and joint pains that constantly plague them?" "Animals can feel pain and sorrow and agony, lived on a farm. She left at an early age and made her way into the Coming out of her experiences in Northern Europe where so big city and became a great writer, many of the cattle have to be kept and the fear of death, just as we do." translated into 50 languages. Her indoors. . . she expressed a real tart and sparkling wit really empathy for the cow. She said touched me very much. She says what a pity to have artificial in- Astrid Lindgren's Acceptance Speech here: "A good idea would be if semination, because the only joy- you took the politicians along and ful day that some of these cows My dear friends! time to get things moving! Down with showed them the heifers in their have is that one day when they You can't imagine what this medal means family farming! they said. Up with large- stalls and let them smell the meet the bull out in the yard. So to me. I do not think I have done enough to scale operation and big animal factories— manure gas and the ammonia that touched me very much! When deserve it. so the people can have good food, and they're on. Then, they'd more she took on the politicians in a For what have I done, really? I have cheap! They didn't talk about "cows" and easily perceive why so many sparkling, witty way, I can see how only over and over again pointed out— "pigs" any more—they talked about "pro- blessed antibiotics are needed to all these politicians crumbled! mainly in the newspapers—that our do- duction units," which did not exactly call treat the animals' incessant bouts I just wish you were here to mestic animals have certain "human" rights. for loving care, or even decent treatment. of pneumonia. Yes, you're right; try and help me out with my calf They have the right, for example, to a This transition to large-scale, industrial- we also have to take antibiotics bill! I had no idea that anybody decent life during the short time they have ized animal husbandry was the worst deci- when we are sick. Only the dif- would've done all you have done on this earth. Animals can feel pain and sion and the worst miscalculation ever made ference is that we don't have to on all the types of animals and, of sorrow and agony, and the fear of death, by the Swedish Parliament. inhale the ammonia day and night course, they all ought to be con- just as we do. Every human being who has At that time, I did not know very much our whole lives, and we don't sidered the same way. It's easy a heart knows that, really. But apparently about what was going on in Swedish agri- contract pneumonia quite as of- for us to love dogs because they it is possible to repress that knowledge culture. I had been a city dweller for years, ten." love us, and they never criticize, when profits and money making are in living in Stockholm, with no insight what- Next thing I'd like to read to and they are always there to show trouble. How else can we explain that so soever into animal factories and big slaugh- you tells about pigs. She went on affection for us. Most animals much cruelty to animals can be found in terhouses. Swedish children, dressed as characters to say: "How come pigs, for actually do that. I grew up in 0 every country in the world? But one day, I happened to write a sort in Astrid Lindgren's books, sang songs example, start to bite each other's Florida, and people talk about the I am a farmer's daughter. During my of humorous article about cows in our big- from her films. tails off? There is no way that AmbassadorWachtmeister, AstridLindgren, Christine Stevens horrible panthers and the alliga- childhood I lived among horses and cows gest daily newspaper. I have always been and Countess Wachtmeister greet guests before the ceremony. that can be a token of well- tors; but I've had a lot of experi- and calves and sheep and pigs and chick- fond of cows. I forgave old Bessie long didn't get to graze anymore, her calf was being—that's a sign of gross ences with both of them. And you ens, all kinds of animals. And then ani- ago for the time she picked me up on her taken from her as soon as it was born, and, anxiety. Well, that's the time to start up the research, says the know, if you actually don't imperil a panther, or don't imperil an mals were our friends. My friends. At that horns and tossed me halfway across the worst of all, she could no longer be courted Farmers Meat Marketing Association. Not the way one might alligator, you're not going to get much trouble with it. They are time, there were mainly family farms— pasture back home. I don't know what by an interested bull. The inseminator believe—to develop a genial improvement of the pigs' environ- not really looking to pick on people! very few large-scale producers. Swedish made her do that—maybe I got in her way. came instead, and that was not the same. ment and thus decrease their anxiety. Not at all: they want the Like yourself, I love animals. And I think it's a test of human farmers have always been fond of their I was three years old then. She was just After that article I got a letter from a researchers to develop a pig indifferent to anxiety, a pig, I pre- kindness, whether you really love things and beings that have not animals and treated them as friends. That out there with our other cows, enjoying female veterinarian, Kristina Forslund. She sume, that likes to have its tail bitten off! You wonder, Isn't that been as much blessed by The Lord as have we. Around us are all is how it has been from time immemorial. the most glorious summer grazing, and was—and still is— a docent at the Swed- sick? Shouldn't the animals that can transform the verdure of the these beings which have sentiments—I think they have souls— But now, family farming is pretty much a having a wonderful time. But now, as I ish University of Agriculture. She de- pasture into the finest protein be permitted to do it (and at the same loving creatures that want to be loved like we like to be loved. I thing of the past. said, almost 80 years later, I wrote an ar- scribed her experiences as a veterinarian, time keep the meadows from being overgrown)? Shouldn't ani- think it's wonderful that this sweet lady across the ocean from us It all began one fateful day in the mid ticle about cows. About how dreary the with full insight in our animal husbandry, mals be allowed to grow at the rate that's natural for them, instead has impressed the parliament of her country. 1960's. The politicians decided that it was life of a cow could be nowadays. A cow and it was a harrowing account about inde-
0 Astrid Lindgren's Growing worries magic words over intensive rearing In Britain, a recent salmonella scare For those who would like to linked to egg production has added read, in translation, the letters fuel to existing worries about the Astrid Lindgren wrote to the health of everyday foods. More and big Stockholm newspaper Ex- more the intensive rearing of farm pressen to protest cruel factory animals is coming under attack as farming methods, AWI has being neither safe (for the consumer) published a 27-page booklet nor moral. And the supermarkets are which includes letters and ar- responding. ticles from 1985 to 1989. A recent example is Marks & It's satire at its best with a Spencer's new brand of pork. The clear aim: to prohibit life-long company says that the sows and pig- incarceration of farm animals. lets are kept together for several "The prophets of profitabil- weeks, straw bedding is amply pro- ity," she writes, "are not going vided and medications are used spar- cent treatment of animals. She succeeded to understand this attack on in making me so upset that even now, three ingly. The company also claims that years later, I still haven't gotten over it. today's agribusiness. They're its veal comes from non-intensively Kristina asked me to help her in her struggle going to go on pushing their raised calves. to bring about better animal husbandry. assertion about how good ani- She thought—optimist that she is—that mals actually have it , shut up in everyone would listen to me. At any rate their animal factories. AWI Committee member we managed to rouse a massive public re- "All right, then, prove it! Let action, which finally resulted in a new us see how contented they are! wins election animal protection law in Sweden. The Tell the TV companies to come Dr Alexey Yablokoff, who recently Prime Minister himself came to my home on in and make a series of docu- joined AWI's International Commit- to deliver the good news. The new law mentaries! tee representing the USSR, won elec- was supposed to be a kind of birthday "No, the prophets of profita- tion to a four-year term in the Con- present for me! Goodness gracious, what a bility won't hear of it. And wonderful present! But it turned out not to gress of Peoples Deputies. He was be that wonderful—not on every point— you can understand them. voted into office on an ecological not for all animals. There is a great deal There's a big risk that we might platform representing the interests of more that must be changed, before one can all become vegetarians. And mammalogists, ornithologists and lean back and relax! what would that do for profita- botanists. And that is one of the reasons why I am bility?" As head of the Moscow Society for so happy to receive this medal. It gives me But Astrid has a solution and the Protection of Animals, he is mak- the guts to continue the struggle! The she tells the government (and ing plans for animal shelters and for struggle, yes indeed. There are reactionar- the voters) about it in the form effective fertility control to reduce ies back home, you know, they don't want of an irresistibly outrageous the need for euthanasia of unwanted any changes. It is impossible, they say. It dream. "I had a dream the other animals. is too expensive they say. But let us hope night—and it was about our Dr.Yablokoff will serve for four that we one day can get an animal protec- Lord and the animals and the tion law as kind and decent as people in years in the Congress of Peoples other countries believe that we already Minister of Agriculture..." Deputies, where he will be able to in- have. If you'd like to read it, send troduce legislation and investigate is- For your help and your encouragement, two dollars to AWI for the sues affecting animals and the envi- I thank you from the bottom of my heart. booklet entitled, "How Astrid ronment. I am sure that all Swedish cows and Lindgren Achieved Enactment Dr. Yablokoff is a senior scientist at bulls and calves and pigs and sheep and of the 1988 Law Protecting the USSR Academy of Science and chickens and hens are joining me when I Farm Animals in Sweden." will retain this position while a say it once more! member of the Parliament. Thank you! 12 c C
"Poor bees, poor birds, poor men..." By Ann Cottrell Free
The entwined fate of all living creatures was underscored by a December, 1956 Bulletin of the International Union for the Con- recent discovery of the source of Albert Schweitzer's memorable servation of Nature and Natural Resources, headquartered in words that helped to launch the environmental awakening: "Man Brussels, Belgium. A well-alerted W. Joseph Campbell of the has lost the capacity to foresee and forestall. He will end by de- Hartford Courant encountered it while doing research for an stroying the earth." article on the 25th anniversary of Silent Spring' s publication. It Rachel Carson attributed was among Rachel Carson's al- these words to Dr. Schweitzer ready examined unfiled papers, in her dedication to him of Si- bequeathed to the Beinecke lent Spring. But, uncharac- Rare Book and Manuscript Li- teristically, she did not sup- brary at Yale University. The ply the source. passage was underlined in blue Since he did not mention ink. The reason for her lack of specific agents of destruction, documentation may never be some persons wondered if Dr. found. (Possibly it was an over- Schweitzer could have been . sight due to Ms. Carson's fail- referring to nuclear contami- ing health as she prepared the nation, not pesticides. One book for publication.) In any pro-pesticide scientist recently event, the discovery can silence even accused Carson of de- false charges against her and liberate deception. Unless the prove to history that Dr. source could be found, there Schweitzer was as concerned was no way to rebut this about chemical pesticides as nu- charge. Thus a search was clear contamination. undertaken by this writer, Ali Silver died while the inspired by a request from All search was underway, but she Silver, the Dutch nurse from would not have been surprised the Schweitzer Hospital in that Dr. Schweitzer was refer- Gabon, who became director ring to bees. For she was well of the Schweitzer Archives in aware of his habit of freeing his Alsatian village of Albert Schweitzer writes while his 21–year--old cat looks on. bees (using the inverted drink- Gunsbach. ing glass technique) and, of Inquiries of editors, associ- course, with the sign posted in ates and examination of her "Modern man no longer knows how Lambarene guest rooms: "Do files revealed nothing, but to foresee or to forestall. He will not use insecticides for killing almost by happenstance, a dis- end by destroying the earth from the poor creatures. Invite them covery! The trail led not only to take a walk in nature. Insec- to pesticides, but to specific which he and other living creatures ticides are dangerous for your victims — in this case, bees. draw their food. Poor bees, poor health." A report in 1956 that a Clearly that slightly humor- French apiarist's bees had birds, poor men..." ous sign of admonition has its been wiped out by indiscrimi- roots in the deep conviction that nate spraying (probably DDT) —Albert Schweitzer bees, birds, men are all part of prompted Dr. Schweitzer to one whole— a conviction write from Gabon a few words of condolence and foreboding: shared by Rachel Carson as she tried to awaken us to a common "I am aware of some of the tragic repercussions of the chemical danger. fight against insects taking place in France and elsewhere, and I deplore them. Modern man no longer knows how to foresee or to forestall. He will end by destroying the earth from which he and Ann Free is the recipient of the Rachel Carson other living creatures draw their food. Poor bees, poor birds, poor Legacy Award, and Author/Editor of Animals, men..." Nature and Albert Schweitzer. Her latest book is This passage from Schweitzer's letter was published in the entitled No Room Save in the Heart. Murdered in Amazonia but is spirit goes marching on His policy of "extractive reserves" by livelihood. Enthusiastically they enrolled The assassination of Chico which substantial areas are set aside for the under Mendes's banner to form the Rural Mendes has made his exclusive use of the rubber tappers, the Workers Union. Chainsaw gangs not infre- seringueiros, found favor both with ecolo- quently found their path to the trees blocked followers still more gists and the state government. Four such by union members. determined to save their reserves have been established. Therein On the international scene, Mendes was rainforest the seringueiros harvest and market the instrumental in persuading the Inter-Ameri- latex, resin, Brazil nuts and other natural can Development Bank to withhold a $65 produce of the forest. Moreover, within the million loan to Brazil for highway con- reserves they now have, for the first time in struction in Amazonia pending proper Since 1985, and the resumption of democ- environmental safeguards. (The loan re- racy in Brazil, the law prevailing in the mains on hold.) By the end of his journey Amazonian hinterland, Brazil's wild west, he had a multitude of friends amongst the has been the Law of the Jungle. During this "Chico humble—and many bitter enemies amongst period the untrammeled dominance of might the powerful. over right has seen hired killers of thuggish Mendes is dead In his lifetime Chico Mendes was a force landbarons committing more than 700 but never has his to be reckoned with. In his death he is still murders. Only in two cases, where priests more so. The wry comment of a Brazilian were the victims, have the Brazilian au- voice been so very much on the other side of the fence, an thorities taken any action whatever. For the agribusiness man, aptly sums it up: "Chico rest they have not wanted to know and the alive." Mendes is dead but never has his voice been world at large has not known. so alive." Yet the murder three days before Christ- The poignant truth is that Mendes's mas of Francisco Mendes, who, like the murder has roused, as has nothing else, 700 slain before him had run foul of the their history legal, claim to the lands they ordinary Brazilians to the realization that to land-grabbers' greed, sent shock waves inhabit. The speculators and the torch indulge in macho fantasies by acting out around the world. And prodded the slum- bearers are forbidden entry. their own version of Cowboys'n'Indians in brous forces of Brazilian justice into fever- But in a part of the world where legal their own wild west is damaging their repu- ish activity. For Chico Mendes was differ- entitlement gives no guarantee of tenure, tation abroad, squandering their resources ent. the seringueiros were quick to appreciate at home and even imperiling the health of The leader of a rubber-tappers' union in that only through concerted action could the planet. the western state of Acre, his efforts to they hope to protect their forests and their That the international community would protect the forests of his react in horror to the assassi- home state from the fiery nation of Mendes was pre- death meted out to them by dictable. That in response profligate cattle ranchers in to this reaction the Brazilian next-door Rondonia, had government would also wish won him an international to be seen doing their ut- reputation as well as aston- ' most to track down the as- ishing success. Indeed his sassins (there have been sev- success was his undoing. eral arrests but the two prin- In sharp contrast to Ron- cipal suspects still elude the donia which has witnessed dragnet) was also predict- over 20% of its forests put able. But quite unpredict- to the torch, Acre has lost able—and highly encourag- only 6% of its tree cover, ing—has been the response and statewide the pace of from the grass roots. forest clearance has slowed Following Mendes's mur- appreciably in recent years. der over 200 Chico Mendes Under Brazilian law deforestation is proof of productive occupation and Prime credit for this goes to Committees sprang up al- hence is the basis for conferring legal entitlement to the land. Chico Mendes. most overnight. Across the 14 country the media gave the scandal maxi- forthright and, still more to the point, united mum coverage w hilst Rio de Janeiro's lead- defence of their ancient lands. As one ing newspaper Journal do Brazil named young warrior at the Altamira gathering All tuna boats must Mendes Brazil's "Man of the Year". There said: "For the first time ever the tribes are is movement at last in that mental log-jam united and I cannot think they will ever go carry observers which has tethered Brazilian attitudes on to war with each other again." development to values that have long since Like Mendes, the Kayapo chief carried ■••= ■ 0 EA W I had their day. this mission to protect their homes and their A measure that could save the ACTION: Write the head of Brazil's livelihood to that foreign citadel of power, the World Bank in Washington D.C. It lives of tens of thousands of federal police. Ask that all Chico Mendes' dolphins killers be brought to trial and targeted fu- speaks volumes for the Brazilian govern- ture victims be protected. ment's attitude to the Amerindians in gen- The law which came into force last Novem- Write to: eral and to this venture in particular that on ber requiring all tuna boats to carry an Delegado Romeu Tuma his return Paiakan was charged under the Departamento da Policia Federal so-called "Foreigner's Law" which forbids observer has been stiffened by an injunc- Ministerio da Justica interference by foreigners in Brazil's inter- tion to the same effect issued by US District Judge Thelton Henderson. Esplanada dos Ministerios, nal affairs. If found guilty he could face Bloco T 70064 imprisonment and/or expulsion from the Although government lawyers have in- Brasilia DF Brazil country— a country which has been home sisted that the injunction was unnecessary to the Kayapo for more than 10,000 years. because the government has every inten- Altamira Protest The world's reaction to the murder of tion of honoring the law, Judge Henderson Amongst the have-nots of the Amazonian Chico Mendes coupled with the Indians' argued that a promise of voluntary compli- forests the belief that there could be light at resolve to stand have plainly embarrassed ance did not make a court order redundant. the end of the tunnel has gained ground. In the Brazilian government. But the Indians He said that compliance would cost the Acre, the rubber-tappers' union, far from have won this round in the continuing government about $1 million and that in being cowed by the murder of their charis- struggle. There will be no international view of its budgetary problems there was a matic leader, is now imbued with the strong funding of the Altamira dams project. The "reasonable apprehension" that not all the feeling that the battle can and will be won. World Bank has cancelled its projected tuna fleet's 35 boats would sail with ob- Since the murder, union membership has $500 million loan and the consortium of servers. doubled. And the church is being outspo- commercial banks which were proposing a There are solid grounds for believing that ken in support. $600 million package has also withdrawn. hitherto the recorded kill of dolphins has Meantime in the distant state of Para, In place of its Power Sector II loan, the greatly underestimated the actual kill. With northern Brazil, Amazonian peoples of a World Bank is now offering a $400 million a government observer on every boat this different kind have also been displaying a loan to be used strictly for environmental problem should of course cease. But in spirit of renewed self-confidence. In Feb- purposes. practice it will not cease until all observers ruary, a thousand Amerindians from 25 Nor will there be financing of the pro- can conscientiously perform their function tribes held a 4-day gathering at Altamira to posed trans-Amazonian highway, at least without fear of harassment or intimidation. protest the imminent construction there for the present. The Japanese industry which Foreign fleets affected (international funding permitting) of two takes 40% of the world's production of Potentially the new law could save e huge hydroelectric dams. This would flood tropical timber wants the highway, which lives of tens of thousands of dolphins. For immense tracts of rainforest and numerous now peters out in the forests of Acre, to be it will (or should) trigger another law which Indian territories, and on past form (the extended westward through Acre across forbids the import of tuna caught by foreign notorious Tucurui dam being but one ex- the Andes and through Peru to the Pacific fleets with a lower ratio of observers than ample) never reap any compensating eco- where massive quantities of logs could be the US fleet. nomic benefits. easily shipped to Japan. But the Japanese While the US tuna fleet accounts for far Mingling freely with the Indians at government has bowed to intense interna- too many dolphin deaths (the annual quota Altamira were scores of environmentalists tional pressure over the Brazilian rainforests, is 20,500), it is the foreign fleets in the and anthropologists as well as 200 journal- and the Japanese Development Bank, re- southeastern Pacific which are overwhelm- ists and 20 television crews from the world portedly, has cancelled plans to fund com- ingly the principal killers of dolphins. And over. The Indians now recognize that the pletion of the highway. This is good news these fleets are very dependent on exports media can be a powerful ally in their last for the forests and their myriad species of to`the US market. Loss of access could be stand, their final desperate bid for survival. animal inhabitants. a powerful suasion in bringing about a The organizer of this event is Paulinho more humane and responsible attitude. Paiakan, chief of the Kayapo, a warrior For more information about the Indians of tribe with no tradition of lying down and Brazil and the threats that many tribal peoples letting others walk all over them. A dy- face worldwide, write: Survival International namic and fearless leader, he has galva- USA, 2121 Decatur Place N .W ., Washington, nized the tribes people into peaceful but D.C. 20008 or phone: (202) 265-1077 OOKS
The Fallacy of Wildlife readily visible." They may not have been ingly. Watch a wolf in a cage; watch a so readily visible to the average person porpoise in the open sea." Conservation seven years ago when this book was first Later, he writes, "Life quality means life by John A Livingston published. But in 1989 the most casual options, options for change... The culture of McClelland and Stewart (Toronto, On- newspaper reader can empathize with Liv- the western techno-mechanistic (we some- tario) 1981. Reprinted 1988 (117 pages). times call it `developed!') world seems to $9.95 (Canadian ) me to be pathetically homogeneous. A colossal irony is that we apparently per- In case you missed this remarkable book "What is ceive this homogeneity (one world—in our when it first appeared in 1981, now is the compassion, after image) to be good." time to catch up with its literate and fearless In forthright terms, he shows why con- criticism of conventional conservation. In all, and where servation arguments based on self-interest an opening note to the reader, Professor cannot be effective because they cannot Livingston writes, "For years I had been does it come compete with the belief system of the uncritically mouthing the conservation from? And why modern world. He entertains us with an catechism; it was time to think it through." account of "the conceptual power struc- And this he does in a series of elegantly do so may other ture... and imagined evolutionary hierarchy reasoned analyses, destroying with a per- in the Aristotelian mode with man as the fectly sharpened intellectual scalpel one people feel apex of a pyramid...Thus a baboon is more after another of wildlife management's `highly' evolved than an albatross, which is cherished dogmas. nothing at all?" more 'advanced' than a butterfly, which Noting that we must start with defini- outranks any giant redwood...Evolutionarily tions, he points out, "One reason is that the ranking through life continuity is justified words conservation" ecology' and 'envi- ingston's description, "Entirely out of on the assumption that evolution, up to the ronment' have been so widely and so cyni- control, the human techno-machine guzzles present time has been purposeful, deter- cally co-opted in our time that they barely and lurches and vomits and rips its random ministic and (most especially) progressive. retain a shred of their original meanings." crazy course over the face of the once blue And it is now over. Man is the final and He emphasizes the tendency to "separate planet..." only absolute parameter of evolution." out and indeed to polarize 'conservation' The second chapter, entitled "The Argu- After carrying the reader through a con- and 'preservation'. Many hunters, devel- ments," is organized under "Self interest" vincing analysis of the failure of logic and opers, planners, managers and others will (the longest), "Ethics", "Spirituality," and reason in the struggle for conservation, proclaim themselves as being conserva- "The Central Assumptions." Under "the Livingston ends his book with a chapter tion-oriented in the most modern, aware `Wise Use' arguments," we learn of the called "Experiencing" in which he speaks and realistic way, by contrast with the old- "massive manipulation of the wildlife of "unexpected moments of pure and inex- fashioned, stubborn 'preservationists' who `resource'." Following "Husbandry" comes pressible joy and happiness when the 'free squat sullenly and stupidly in the way of "Stewardship" and "Sustainable Harvest." flow' between nature and myself was unob- orderly progress. This peculiar conceptual These cliches are revealed for what they are structed." He asks, "What is compassion, dichotomy is obviously as useful to the in entertaining fashion. For example; after all, and where does it come from? And production-consumption parade as it is "Significantly, the wolf that takes the cari- why do so may other people feel nothing at destructive of wild nature." bou or the falcon that takes the teal or the all?" The author makes clear how wildlife is whale that grazes the krill is never seen to Livingston calls the assumption that there thought of as a "resource" whose use is be 'harvesting'. " Next come "Future Re- is a solution to the problem of wildlife "vested solely and exclusively in the hu- sources" and "Science" under which the conservation "somewhat shaky" but points man interest." His own concept is quite author's views on environmental impact to the direction; "...compliant acceptance different, and he states his working defini- assessment are explicitly revealed: "...it by individual human beings of member- tion of wildlife conservation thus: "The annoints and blesses the process of 'devel- ship— which is to say, `place'—in the beauty preservation of wildlife forms and groups opment,' takes the initiative from the pre- that is the life process... It would be the of forms in perpetuity, for their own sakes, servationists, and, in most cases, effec- ctissolution of the ancient western divorce irrespective of any connotation of present tively bulldozes, gravels and hardtops the from nature." or future human use." road for the techno-machine." The Fallacy of Wildlife Conservation is He would see wildlife "emancipated from The "Quality of Life" argument is turned a ai a e om McC e a a S ewa : human serfdom," because current conser- toward the animals themselves. "I choose 48 U i e si y A e ue vation methods have catastrophically failed. to believe that nonhuman beings do per- o o o, O a io M G 2E "The dismal figures are widely published ceive quality and its absence in their envi- o y ca i g (4 6 4 0 . and well-known. The terrifying trends are ronments, and that they behave accord- ease use a isa ca w e o e i g.
16 OOKS
Laboratory Animal e c ma ks: Anesthesia: An introduction A e a i e Me o s ogic me o o ogy a u e s a i g, i o ico ogy es ecia y i i o, 2 i c easi g ea i a io for research workers and o e was e u ess o suc es s as e technicians c assic 0 a ai e, o ce use u u y .A. eck e ow co si e e a c aic, a i c easi g i sis e ce om e u ic a a ima ig s Academic Press Limited (San Diego, g ou s a ew u e s a i g a me o CA) 1987. 156 pages. $29.95 o ogies e esse i o e se ice o e uc i g a ima use a a e ia i g a ima su Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, an intro- e i g. duction to a very complicated, technical is o ume, e i s i a se ies, e e subject, is a valuable addition to the grow- se s a oi e o y i e a io a y ecog ing literature of animal anesthesia. It is i e scie is s om e i e se isci i es more than a "how to" handbook. It is also o i us y, go e me , aca emia, a e a ima ig s mo eme . ese a e s a e a pleasure to read a text so concerned with i e e o se e as a ca a ys o a i humane treatment of animals. Benchmarks: Alternative i e i ica io , a i a io , a im eme a Much of the knowledge of human anes- io o a e a i e me o o ogies. e e m thesia is applied without change for anes- Methods in Toxicology "a e a i e" ca e e i e as usi g me thesia in animals. Sometimes this creates E i e y M.A. Me ma o s w ic ( e ace e use o a ima s, problems, because animals do not always (2 e uce e um e o a ima s use , o Princeton Scientific Publishing react in the same way as humans. For ( e i e e is i g oce u es so a a i (Princeton, NJ) 1989. 219 pages. example, nitrous oxide, commonly used ma s a e su ec o ess ai a su e i g. A $55 .00 for general anesthesia in humans, is a very ou " " May e a e o ese— es o weak anesthetic but when used following The first major book to be published as a si i i y. heavy pre-operative sedation, it usually direct result of a grant by the National e "4 " i ci es a e ac i e y omu ga e y sec o s o e a ima ig s mo e results in unconsciousness so that muscle Agricultural Library under the provisions of the Improved Standards for Laboratory me a , i a icu a , y o e o e o e relaxants can also be used without the pa- mos e ese a i es, e y S i a, a co tient being aware of the paralysis. Animals amendments to the Animal Wel- i u o o is o ume a coo i a o o fare Act is Benchmarks: Alternative Meth- Not so with animals. Flecknell points e coa i io o a o is e ai e a o out that in animals, the analgesic potency ods in Toxicology, edited by M.A. Mehlman. es s. ese i ci es a e i c easi g y for nitrous oxide is about half the potency Ten contributions by leading scientists in iscusse i e scie i ic commu i y, a in humans. If used in animals in the same the field are introduced by the editor's im eme a io is we u e way, a icu way as humans, the animal will be awake preface, reproduced in full below: a y i e o ico ogy sec o . and aware of the paralysis. And if there ooki g a ea , we see a e a i es ea are dramatic changes in blood pressure or I ece imes, a e a i e me o s i i i g o a ig e u u e o a . A e a i es pulse (coincident with surgical procedures ome ica esea c a sa e y e a ua io o e o e as e , c ea e , a mo e e ic i e o o ici y o c emica s, a ey ca known to be painful), the depth of anesthe- c emica s a com ou s a e come i c easi g y o e o e. is e e o me ea us o a a wi wi si ua io i w ic sia is insufficient. e ese s e co ue ce o se e a ac o s: uma ea a e e i o me wi e However, it is important to understand acce e a i g e e o me s i asic io mo e e icie y a e e o ec e . that these changes clearly distinguish be- tween these different qualities. There are instances in human anesthesia where in the post-operative period, human patients have damage. It should be prevented instead by important for small than for large animals. complained that they were awake during proper suturing and splinting, and that pain The book is filled with a wealth of prac- part of an operation, although it did not should be treated with analgesics. The tical information and includes a chapter on hurt! Because of these problems, muscle importance of mobility in the immediate anesthesia of all the common species of relaxants, in England, are subject to strict post-operative period, to prevent respira- laboratory animals. control by the Home Office, and special tory problems, is well documented in the permission is needed for their use. human, and mobility is encouraged. It is — e e ackow, M. . There is a good chapter on post-opera- just as important in the animal. Flecknell tive pain relief, an area often neglected in states that pain should be assumed to be Dr. Rackow is Professor Emeritus of An- surgery of patients that can not complain. present, especially if the animal is quiet esthesiology, College of Physicians and Flecknell points out that pain should not be and doesn't move (unlike the human pa- Surgeons at Columbia University and a used to produce post-operative immobility tient who usually complains). Ambient director of the Scientists Group forReform as a means of preventing surgical wound temperature control after surgery is more of Animal Experimentation. LABORATORY ANIMALS
Immuno (cont. from page 5) costs. AWI was one of eight animal welfare of its products using a non-animal screen- which also puzzled Justice Murphy: groups to submit an amicus brief. ing method. "Though afforded what must be regarded The new method should eliminate the as a generous opportunity to clarify its t n fr I n need for 80 to 90% of the rabbits subjected plans, Immuno never did so. Immuno is appealing the decision, and The to the painful Draize test. Noxell is the "We note that Immuno's excuse for fail- National Association for Biomedical Re- international marketer of Noxzema skin ing to avail itself of the opportunity to search (NABR) has joined Immuno by products, as well as Cover girl and Clarion respond, namely that it could not frame a filing an amicus brief . In a letter to the New cosmetics. proper reply without access to McGreal's York Court of Appeals, NABR claims that The scientifically validated test, called source material, is nonsensical. No one it "believes in the protection given to a free Agarose Diffusion Method (ADM), uses knew better about Immuno's plans than press by the First Amendment." Neverthe- tissue culture with agarose overlay. Prod- Immuno itself.. . less NABR, contradicting the findings of ucts are placed on filter paper discs on the "Of the many statements cited by the the five judges, claims that false statements agarose surface to screen for toxicity. The plaintiff in this ill-founded libel suit, there were made that "impact on the public per- method has been used to test plastics in was not one that was actionable. Without ception of the use of laboratory animals for medical devices. Noxell has screened exception, the statements at issue were ei- medical research and testing..." liquid samples, pastes, creams and powders ther opinion absolutely privileged under with ADM to test for eye irritation. Results the First Amendment, or statements which from 38 products tested have shown an the plaintiff utterly failed to show suscep- average 90 % correlation with the results of tible of being proved false. Indeed most of Noxell develops animal tests. the factual statements claimed by the plain- Draize alternative The company has heralded the new test tiff to be defamatory were, on the record as "a critical step toward the eventual elimi- before us, demonstrably true!" The Noxell corporation, citing a respect for nation of the need for animals used in The 5-justice panel was unanimous in the "concerns of those who object to the use Noxell's product safety testing program." ordering that the lower court judgment be of animals in product safety testing," an- Noxell has met with the FDA about the reversed and the complaint dismissed with nounced that it will now test for the safety new test and plans to share its scientific data with the government, the scientific com- munity and the public. New EPA policy to reduce numbers of test animals The Environmental Protection Agency mended in the past. We strongly urge ■ CO EC IO ■ has revised its policy for Acute Toxicity industry to use these abbreviated test An article in the Fall/Winter 1988/89 Quar- Testing and is disseminating it to indus- methodologies, whenever appropriate, terly describing a complaint about an ex- try, governmental bodies, scientific so- as replacements for the three-dose multi- periment on rats contained an error in stat- cieties and animal welfare groups. faceted method EPA previously had ing that the experiment was conducted at the According to the policy statement, recommended. "Veterinary Department of the University "...the first consideration for a chemical "EPA urges industry to begin submit- of Minnesota." In fact, the experiment was for which there is no acute toxicity data, ting data obtained with alternate meth- conducted at Jackson Hall, a part of the should be a review of structurally related ods which use fewer animals on a routine University of Minnesota Medical School compounds, followed by the limit test basis; the Agency is planning to revise University Hospital. Dr. David G. Thawley, when appropriate. In those cases when its testing guidelines to incorporate the Interim Dean of the College of Veterinary testing beyond the limit test is indicated, above guidance. We plan to accept only Medicine at the University of Minnesota, consideration should be given to well- newly generated industry data that con- points out that the only "Veterinary Depart- designed abbreviated test schemes which forms with our revised guidance unless ment at the University of Minnesota" is the employ minimal numbers of animals, as an adequate rationale (e.g., data gener- College of Veterinary Medicine at the Uni- discussed below. In most cases, it is ated in accordance with regulatory re- versity of Minnesota, and that the College expected that these tests can be struc- quirements other than those of EPA) ac- of Veterinary Medicine neither undertook tured to give enough information on acute companies the submission; data without the studies, nor employed the employee, toxicity to obviate the need for further a rationale may be returned to the sub- described in the article. AWI regrets the acute studies." mitter." error in describing where the experiment In summarizing, the policy announce- The public is invited to comment and was conducted. The error resulted from ment states, "EPA has modified its ap- to "provide information on still other al- misunderstanding a letter describing an proach to acute toxicity testing, recog- ternate methodologies which have pro- investigation of the complaint by the Uni- nizing that appropriate information for gressed to a stage of validation which versity Animal Care Committee. AWI safety evaluation can be developed using would be acceptable to the scientific apologizes to the College of Veterinary fewer animals than had been recom- community." Medicine for the error. 18 ay isk 8 Fay Brisk worked with passion to protect animals. Her long Airport entirely staffed by volunteers. She brought influential experience in key government positions gave her a toughness and members of Congress to see the incoming shipments, persuading effectiveness rarely seen in independent, unpaid lobbyists and them to take legislative action to prevent the outrageous abuses hands-on animal welfare workers. which were standard practice in shipping puppies from midwestem She served for eight years in the White House during the Kennedy puppy mills for the commercial pet trade and primates for labora- and Johnson Administrations, and tory use. She led the fight for the 1976 was domestic news chief under amendments to the federal Animal Edward R. Murrow in the US Infor- Welfare Act. mation Agency from 1961 to 1963. The Albert Schweitzer medal of the She began as a reporter for The Animal Welfare Institute was pre- Reading Eagle and a stringer for sented to her by Senator Lowell The PhiladelphiaRecord from 1937 Weicker in 1975 in recognition of her till 1942 when she enlisted in the efforts to reform animal transport and Women's Army Corps and served for her longstanding work to stamp as a public affairs officer in Iowa. out the cruelty and abuse in the trade in She was graduated from Officer's laboratory dogs. Candidate School as a commis- Fay Brisk was intimately involved sioned officer. in the passage of the 1966 Laboratory In 1948, she joined the Economic Animal Welfare Act which owed its Operation Administration under the enactment to the odyssey of Pepper, a Marshall Plan. In 1959 she received Dalmatian from Pennsylvania, sold to a special award for her work on the a New York laboratory. Pepper died American National Exhibition in on the operating table and was inciner- Moscow, the first cultural break- ated while her owners were still des- through to Russia. perately attempting to find her. It was She served as a public affairs of- Fay who phoned the laboratory and ficer for White House consumer ad- Fay Brisk accepts the Schweitzer medal from Senator got the news. And it was the high- vocates Betty Furness and Virginia Weicker in 1975. handed dismissal of the anxious fam- Knauer and as deputy director of in- ily by a big dog dealer who denied formation for the Small Business Administration. them access to his premises that led the way for this landmark leg- After her retirement from government service in 1971, she islation. devoted her energies to reforming the treatment of animals trans- The death of Fay Brisk is a major loss to the movement, but her ported by air. work will be continued because her fearless determination set an She created a temporary animalport at Washington National inspiring example that will not be forgotten.
Animal Welfare Institute
i ec o s I e a io a Commi ee oge ay e, . . Ma e ei e eme ma s A i e e A u a, . .M. — Me ico Samue eacock, M. . Ge a e a , . . .G. A ikas, . .M. — G eece o Wa s , M. . Ma o ie Cooke Am assa o a a ak usai — C is a e Goug a g a es a i O. i A ge a Ki g — U i e Ki g om S a a ick A e , E i o ia Co su a Sue u o i gswo Simo Muc i u — Ke ya essie es a , u ica io s Coo i a o ee o G. ewe , . a i ica o — Ca a a osi a Eck, A mi is a i e Assis a o C is i e S e e s Go o e o S u i — C i e Commu ica io s Ai ee ai M s. umi iko ogo — a a ia e a e so , esea c Associa e o Cy ia Wi so K aus es e gaa , . . — a m A ima s e ma k y e u c iso , W a e Cam aig oo i a o . A e ey Ya oko — U.S.S. c O ice s Ca y iss, esea c Associa e C is i e S e e s, esi e e aug o , Mai O e Sec e a y Scie i ic Commi ee G e a i sso , Wi i e Co su a Cy ia Wi so , ice esi e Ma o ie A c e , . . ic o e e , C e ica Assis a Ma o ie Cooke, Sec e a y e e e y, M. . au a Swe e g, A mi is a i e Assis a oge . S e e s, easu e . a a a O a s, . . ouise W ig , esea c Assis a
19 Y Bequests to the tt n n nd t v r l Animal Welfare Sotheby's, the famous international auction Institute house, Nordstrom's, the big department To all of you who would like to store, and Cost Plus help assure the Animal Welfare In- Imports, a jewelry store stitute's future through a provision chain, have all stopped in your will, this general from of selling ivory in an ef- bequest is suggested: fort to save the African elephant. "I give, devise and bequeath to the "This is very much of Animal Welfare Institute, a not- a corporate statement," for-profit corporation located in said Sotheby's presi- Washington, D.C. the sum of dent, Michael Ainslie, and/or (specifically referring to the elephant described property) slaughter as an atrocity. Keeper of the Tanzanian ivory room holds tusks taken from The new policy applies very young elephants. The pile of tiny tusks is 18 inches deep. We welcome any inquiries you may to the corporation's 17 have. In cases where you have auction centers and 44 offices worldwide. Journal of Commerce (New York) March specific wishes about the disposi- No tusks will be auctioned and any art- 15, 1989, the "West Coast chain of 38 retail tion of your bequest, we suggest works less than 50 years are also banned jewelry stores will stop selling imported you discuss such provisions with from sale. ivory, saying it fears that much of its legally your attorney. Cost plus President Steven Boone has imported merchandise is made from taken a strong stand for the African ele- poached elephant tusks." Animal Welfare Institute phant, urging the government to list the Post Office Box 3650 species as endangered under the Endan- Action: Washington, D.C. 20007 gered Species Act. The chain had been Encourage your local jewelry stores, de- selling ivory rings, necklaces, and brace- partment stores and auction houses to fol- lets from Hong Kong. According to The low suit. Urge them to stop selling ivory.
Animal Welfare Institute P.O. Box 3650 o o i O g. Washington, D.C. 20007 U.S. OS AGE AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00 E A IMA WE A E I S I U E QUA E Y
P.O. BOX 3650 WASHINGTON, DC 20007 SUMMER 1989 VOL. 38 NO. 2 nt rn t n l b rd r n h d Ringleaders could be jailed for upwards of 60 years and fined more than $3 million
Posing as collectors of exotic birds, agents smashed another international smuggling Contacts were built up with dealers in Sin- of the US Fish and Wildlife Service have ring. The sting broke at the end of May gapore and Argentina who arranged for the after 20 months of birds to be smuggled into these countries undercover work. and thence to the office of a Mexican vet- a The federal in- erinarian at Mexico City International Air- 2 dictrnent cited deal- port. The surviving birds—and this trade is ers in Singapore, notoriously cruelly wasteful—were then 2 c_D Buenos Aires and forwarded to a "safe house" in Tijuana for Mexico City as well smuggling across the US border. as the US. Arrests The 20-month undercover operation saw were made in south- hundreds of parrots worth around half a ern California and million dollars passing through the Sin- Honolulu. gapore/Argentina/Mexico/California pipe- The ringleaders line. Among them were black palm cocka- were the Californian toos, hyacinth macaws, and military ma- dealers. Their tar- caws which are listed in CITES Appendix get was birds of the I. Just one of these cockatoos may sell for parrot family native $25,000—and the macaws will fetch not to southeast Asia Military macaws, a species favored by the illicit bird trade. and Latin America. continued on page 6 The risk of further I SI E compromise at CITES Secretariat fails to support a ban on trading in ivory [21 The Poon connection 2 y a e Cu ey ❑ Invitation to the concert To understand the meeting of The African Quota system, adopted in 1985 to stem for elephants 5 Elephant Working Group (AEWG) of the poaching and smuggling. [LI Help for a disappearing Convention on International Trade in En- It may therefore come as some surprise parrot 6 dangered Species (CITES) in Gabarone, that the CI'IES Secretariat is openly cam- Botswana this July, it is necessary to recog- paigning against an international ban. Even ❑ Skunk fertility control nize the international changes occurring before Tanzania had presented its proposal project progress 8 within the ivory trade. The recent tempo- for an upgrading of the African elephant to rary import bans on all new ivory imposed Appendix I, the Secretariat had circulated i Psychological well-being by the US and the European Community its anti-Appendix I, paperwork. Despite New LEMSIP program. 10 were in response to massive press and detailed and well-argued proposals from ❑ Animal welfare public concern over the future of Africa's Tanzania, and later from Kenya, the US and regulations 12 elephants. Even Hong Kong imposed a others, the Secretariat failed to find any ❑ partial ban, partly in an attempt to stem merit in the arguments. Instead, a tired New IWC Report 16 criticism, but also to some extent in recog- "more effective control" approach was nition of the failure of the CITES Ivory continued on page 4 ELEPHANTS I h n C nn t n by Dave Currey USA and Europe, the Hong The Poon Family are major A Kong Government is trying dealers in poached ivory. To to gain some sympathy for them the profits are to be made traders who will go out of at every stage of the trade. business. With people like Run by three brothers, the the Poons operating openly Poon empire has shops, of- amongst them for years, sup- fices and factories in Hong plying their trade with Kong, Singapore, Paris and poached tusks, they must re- the United Arab Emirates. alize that it is far too late to They invest their profits from win sympathy. All our sym- the elephant slaughter in prop- pathy must lie with the mil- erty and other ivory busi- lion elephants that have died nesses. in the last 10 years to satisfy The operation has two main the greed of the Hong Kong players: Poon Tat Hong and trade. Poon Tat Wah (known as a e Cu ey is e E ecu i e o i es ois, a e c ac i is o ga i George Poon). These broth- i ec o o e E i o me a ers control most of the inter- a ig s e e e a i o y a e a I es iga io Age cy. national interests, with Poon omo es a e a i es suc as ege a e:, Tat Hong based in Hong i o y, u g is a e o e Geo ge oo Kong, and George Poon, with a is s o . a home in Paris, traveling the e e e a masks a e egu a y wo y Elephant plant world on his French passport. o i es ois mem e s i ei cam aig . gives ivory fruit George Poon runs the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Phytelephas macrocarpa is a factories where poached ivory species of palm tree which is sent to be semi-carved be- grows in coastal Ecuador and fore making its way to Sin- in certain rain forests of Co- gapore, Hong Kong and Tai- lumbia and Peru. Its popular name is "elephant plant", so called because from its fruit can be extracted a form of ivory. (EIA) has been watching the Poon A botanist, writing more than a century operations for the last year and a ago, said of this remarkable plant: "Its half. In May, an EIA investigator in flowers give off an almond odor but it is the UAE tried to film Poon's opera- through its fruit, whose albumen hardens tion After a dispute, the investiga- into vegetable ivory, that this palm tree is tors had to drive off with George above all precious." Poon hanging from the car in an at- The finest elephant plants provide 25-45 tempt to get the video camera which fruits a year. This means that one tree can had filmed him for the first time. annually yield as much as 20 kilograms of The Poons do not like publicity. pure, shelled vegetable ivory—which the Although EIA has exposed the il- Quichua Indians, among others, carve into Poon Tat Wah (George Poon) legal activities of the Poon family jewelry and toys. and is making them internationally itobin des Bois (see photo on left) has re- wan. Dubai has announced a "ban" on well-known, the trade continues. Only cently staged several media events in Eu- ivory, but Poon has still continued to export weeks ago George Poon was in Vancouver rope aimed at popularizing vegetable ivory tons of carved items from Dubai, via Bel- trying to buy property with some of the products. For at present the elephant plant gium and Germany to Singapore marked money made from his family's evil trade. is, in the words of Robin des Bois "interna- "fashion jewelry". Their shops are still open around the world. tionally unknown and unacknowledged as The Environmental Investigation Agency In the wake of ivory import bans in the a marketable animal-ivory replacement."
2 900 E E A S
2 " I would call upon other countries, particularly those in Africa, that have ivory in stores to follow our example. The destruction of elephants cannot be prevented by legislative measures alone: the market has to be destroyed. . ." The elephants' funeral pyre
The tusks of more than 1,200 elephants conservationists. "But it is also probably wanese suspect arrested. Although the killed by poachers in Kenya over the last true that South Africa has some of the CITES Secretariat is touting the concept of four years were burned in an internationally biggest crooks on the continent. We're an international ivory auction, which, it televised ceremony July 19. The pyre stood confronted here with a ruthless and power- theorizes, could be controlled with respect on a hill in Nairobi National Park, where a ful Mafia-like network, which has ten- to the legality of the ivory, nations are be- great variety of wild creatures still live. tacles reaching far beyond our borders." coming more cautious. Despite the Secre- President Daniel Arap Moi of Kenya put Sales from the culling operations con- tariat's encouragement, there were no bids the torch to the ivory, which had been ducted by South Africa and Zimbabwe at all at the auction in Burundi of 25 tons of soaked in gasoline. He said his country amount to about 14 tons of ivory a year, but ivory now in the possession of that nation. "cannot appeal to the world to stop buying Customs documents show about 50 tons Burundi does not have even one living ele- ivory if, at the same time, we are selling the leaving South Africa annually. Ledger phant. The Tanzanian government has very same commodity . . . To stop the says, "That means that about 36 tonnes of demanded that this ivory, plus another 40 poacher, the trader must also be stopped illegally procured ivory is somehow being tons held in Burundi, be returned to Tanza- and to stop the trader, the final buyer must laundered through South Africa." The nia, where most of the elephants that sup- be convinced not to buy ivory. I appeal to current price for ivory is about $240 a plied the ivory once lived. people all over the world to stop buying pound. Consumer boycotts and import bans must ivory." Following accusations that South Africa eliminate the profit incentive for the ivory In destroying the tusks, Kenya sacrificed was encouraging illegal trade in ivory and trade, and this is beginning to happen. an estimated $3 million. South Africa, on rhino horn, the government announced Japan, the European Economic Commu- the other hand, claims its economy would formation of an Endangered Species Pro- nity, and the United States have been buy- be damaged by giving up ivory sales of an tection Unit in the South African police ing three-quarters of the ivory on world approximately equivalent amount and is force this July. Rhino expert Esmond markets. However, a ban was imposed opposing Appendix I listing for its ele- Bradley Martin, after a visit to Taiwan this June on all commercial imports into the phants. Yet South Africa's Gross National earlier this year, stated, "The traders in US of African elephant ivory. Violators of Product amounts to $60 billion, whereas Taiwan, who quite freely told me about this the ban face one year in prison and/or a fine
Kenya's is only about $7 billion. South illicit commerce, said that businessmen of $100,000. Africa wants to continue to sell ivory from buy rhino products in South Africa and the US Fish and Wildlife Service is con- the elephants it culls to Japan, insisting that bring them into Taiwan." fiscating all ivory coming into the United only legal trade would be allowed. According to the Cape Times, "Poach- States. The European Community banned John Ledger, Director of the Endangered ing of the elephants has increased drasti- ivory imports in July, and by 1993, Euro- Wildlife Trust in South Africa, praised the cally in Botswana and Namibia recently." pean Community legislation will have nation's transport efficiency and said it has 106 tusks, some from baby elephants were outlawed the sale of any products made some of the continent's most dedicated seized in Cape Town August 4 and a Tai- from elephant ivory.
O 3 ELEPHANTS I CI ES, cont. from page 1 suggested, a line which has been pushed by has to end for the momentum of the ivory elephant needs now is confident and posi- the Secretariat during recent years, the trade to be slowed enough to save ele- tive action which will tip the scales in its same years which have seen a million ele- phants. It was decided by the meeting to set favor. The traders have had it good for too phants lost to the ivory trade. up "shuttle diplomats" from Cameroon and long, now it's the elephants' turn. West African countries, most of which Canada to try to find a solution to the Action: support a ban, were not at the meeting. The current deadlock before October. Please write President Robert G. Mugabe, Secretariat claimed to have been unable to A second, and vital part of the problem Office of the Executive President, Munhu- find the funds for them to send representa- lies in the stockpiles around the world, with mutra Building, Private Bag 7700, Cause- tives. possibly 500-700 tons of ivory in Hong way Harare, Zimbabwe. Ask him to sup- The meeting was Kong alone. port an international ban on ivory. divided by two Under the cur- Please send a letter to Dr. Mostafa K. main factions: Cou ies o osi g rent CITES Tolba, Executive Director of UNEP, P.O. • the East African A e i I is i g y a a ia resolution Conf Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya. Urge him to countries calling for CI ES Ke ya 5.11, after the require that the Secretariat of CITES re- Appendix I listing USA 90 days from main neutral and cease campaigning against and supported by Soma ia the decision, no the ivory ban. some other African Gam ia ivory other than Please write the British Ambassador to and many consum- Aus ia `pre-conven- the United States, Sir Anthony Acland, ing countries. u ga y tion' (in this British Embassy, 3100 Massachusetts Ave •the Southern Afri- case pre-Febru- NW, Washington, DC 20008. Ask him not can countries led by ary 1976) could to support any exemptions, such as the one Cou ies a i g e Zimbabwe oppos- be internation- proposed for Hong Kong, that would im o a io o i o y U i e S a es ing Appendix I. ally traded. If weaken an ivory ban. The pro-Appen- any Appendix I Ca a a I. . 8 • ■ .■ dix I group recog- listing is to be Eu o ea Commu i y effective, trade nize that the sys- Swi e a Swazis ban ivory imports, tems of "control" must end. This o g Ko g denounce Zambian official have utterly failed is the rationale ai e and that the legal behind Conf Swaziland's ban on the import of rhino Swa i a trade provides the 5.11, a general horn and elephant tusks was ordered after markets into which resolution the slaughter of five rhinos in a trans- vast amounts of il- which applies to border raid on a Swazi national park. Gov- legal ivory have been laundered. Tanza- any CI I ES listed species but could not be ernment leaders recognized that the coun- nia's statement that 94% of all ivory in more apt for the ivory trade. It is a positive try was increasingly being used as a pipe- international trade comes from poached measure designed because of drastic cir- line for smuggled ivory. elephants went uncontested. cumstances—in this case, the rapid decline At a dramatic press conference called to The argument from Southern Africa is of African elephants. announce the ban, Mr. Acme Mwenye of based on the supposition that they are not An amendment to Conf 5.11 to release the Zambian parks department was named losing as many elephants to the poachers these hundreds of tons on to the market, was as having authorized the export of raw and will be able to control poaching as proposed but no decisions were made. Hong ivory to Swaziland. pressures increase. It ignores the interna- Kong (with UK sympathy) is in favor of Mr. Mwenye had been in Swaziland for tional situation and furthermore seems to such an amendment, but East Africa, the a meeting. While there, he was asked to accept no responsibility for the illegal ivory US and others are opposed. explain a consignment of raw ivory from traffic that passes out of Africa through In view of the rapid changes in the atti- Zambia falsely described as worked ivory these southern African countries. Rowan tude to the ivory trade since May, it was on the permit which carried his authorizing Martin on the Zimbabwe delegation led the worrying to see so many parties already signature. Promising to investigate, he anti-Appendix I lobby, despite the fact that seeking compromise. The proposals for an promptly returned to Zambia—as, strangely his unpublished report clearly shows ex- Appendix I listing are based on sound facts enough, did the importers. He has not been tensive poaching in Zimbabwe. His atti- and a real understanding of the workings of heard from since. tude to other African countries suffering the trade. In addition to this, the report of The Swazis are to be commended for from serious poaching was "tough luck". the Ivory Trade Review Group also con- b*ning ivory and rhino horn imports. All The meeting discussed various compro- cluded that the African elephant should be the same Swaziland would be a less invit- mise options without reaching any agree- listed on Appendix I. It was with relief that ing pipeline for smuggled wildlife if it were ment. The Southern Africans hope to set up we saw no decisions made in Botswana a party to CITES. Many conservationists a system whereby they can continue to because the opponents of Appendix I were hope that Swaziland will reconsider its trade directly with Japan, but this caused desperate to strike a deal, and the mood was decision not to join on the ground that its genuine concern from proponents of Ap- one of compromise. It is this mood that has traditional dress requires the skins of en- pendix I because they believe that all trade overseen the elephant holocaust. What the dangered animals.
4 ELEPHANTS I
ROSTROPOVICH: THE CONCERT FOR ELEPHANTS. SE EM E 8, 8
All friends of elephants are invited to at- AWI and AWF will both continue the of the crime in as little as half an hour. tend the unique benefit concert to raise public information campaign to boycott We hope you can attend the concert or, if money for the African elephants' defense. ivory here and abroad. AWI will designate this is not possible, send a contribution. Maestro Mstislav Rostropovich has gener- funds for urgently needed follow-up on the Checks for tickets should be made payable ously agreed to play a cello recital on Sep- investigation of the ivory trade being con- to "Elephant Defense Campaign." The tember 18, 1989, in the Concert Hall of ducted by the Environmental Investigation schedule of ticket prices appears below: The John F. Kennedy Center for the Per- Agency because 4 of the ivory on the forming Arts. The proceeds will be di- market comes from poached elephants. Please reserve AWF will provide anti-poaching equip- icke s a e ice vided between the Animal Welfare Insti- i ica e tute and the African Wildlife Foundation ment to African countries that need help in combatting the well-heeled traders who $ 00.00 se ec o c es a sea s. and put to use immediately in the cam- I c u es e co ce ece io , os paign to stop the greedy ivory trade. De- supply the poachers with automatic weap- co ce c am ag e oas , os e . tailed information on the crisis can be ons, power saws, and fast vehicles used to $ 0.00 c oice o c es a sea s. found in this issue of e Qua e y. kill elephants and get away from the scene I c u es c am ag e oas , os e . $ 0.00 ce e seco ie sea s. Wa iSMI I IM I c u es c am ag e oas , os e . $ .00 i s ie si es a seco You can help stop ivory profiteers ie ce e . $ 0.00 Seco ie o s uc e iew. As buyers for boutiques across the nation law on our side) and distributed thousands I ca o a e u I wa o co i u e poured into New York's huge Jacob Javits of leaflets during the day at the Center and o e e e e e a s. Center on June 3 for the the opening of the at the entrances of 14 different Fifth Ave- International Fashion Boutique Show, AWI nue stores that sell ivory. The picketing ame volunteers handed them information on the elicited strong public sympathy for ele- crisis facing African elephants. The leaf- phants. A ess lets urged them not to buy, sell or wear Full color brochures on the elephant cri- ivory. Inside, a dozen or more wholesale sis are now available from AWL To spread S a e i ivory dealers displayed massive numbers the boycott against ivory nationally and of bracelets, necklaces and netsukes from internationally, all friends of elephants are ease make c ecks aya e o E e a Hong Kong. invited to use the leaflets in anti-ivory pro- e e se Cam aig a se o: A ica Center security guards tried to insist that tests, letters to the editor, and providing Wi i e ou a io , Massac use s AWI representatives move across the street, information to other organizations who can A e., .W., Was i g o , .C. 200 6 thus making it impossible to approach the help. Ten copies are free on request, addi- o ese e icke s y o e, ca AWI a tional copies are 25 cents each. (202 2 2. buyers, but we stood our ground (with the L_ _J
5 Help for a disappearing parrot: Project Vinaceous
A small group of biologists and naturalists in Argentina. Abundant early in the cen- birds. Through the cooperation of local has begun one of the first projects ever tury, the combination of clearing of forests authorities, the group of largely unpaid launched in Argentina to preserve an en- for farmland and shooting the birds, who volunteers located six birds in the homes dangered parrot. Known as Project Vin- fed on orange groves, drove the species to of local people, which were taken in the aceous Amazon for the beauti- fall of 1988 to form the nu- ful parrot they are trying to save, cleus of a captive breeding 0 this special program has a two- program. Project Vinaceous fold goal: to locate wild Vin- Amazon is now distributing aceous Amazons in northeast- posters showing endangered ern Argentina and to begin a parrots to people of the region captive-breeding program for to educate them on the impor- the species. tance of not capturing or shoot- Up until 1984, the Vinaceous ing them, and to receive sight- Amazon was thought extinct'xtinct in ings of wild parrots. With a Argentina. It is still found in donated vehicle, they are neighboring Paraguay, and a few searching for remaining wild may remain in southeastern Bra- Vinaceous Amazons in zil, but throughout its range it is Misiones Province. endangered. Forests in all three In a country that has countries have been levelled and shown very little environ- burned throughout its once vast mental conscience, Project range, and only bits and pieces Vinaceous Amazon is deserv- remain. Populations, which may An endangered Vinaceous Amazon parrot ing of encouragement for its total less than 500 birds for the important work. It is now entire species, are scattered in remnant forest endangered status by the late 1950s. struggling for funds, and if you wish to patches. In Argentina a few birds were seen The staff of Project Vinaceous Amazon help, donations may be sent to Proyecto in the hands of local villagers in the prov- organized upon rediscovery of the species, Amazona Vinacea, Nauta, Casilla de Cor- ince of Misiones in 1984, bringing natural- and sponsored by the Argentinian conser- reo 220, (1870) Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, ists and scientists from afar to confirm that vation organization, Fundacion Vida Sil- Argentina. indeed a few Vinaceous Amazons remained vestre, set about locating known captive G e a i sso Bird Sting, cont. from page 1 AWI's new report on far short of this. lesser offenders and up to 60, 65 and even the bird trade That the law now recognizes the gravity 75 years jail term and/or fines of $3,000,000 AWI has published a new report entitled of wildlife smuggling offences is shown by and more for the ringleaders. Importation of Birds into the United States the maximum penalties faced by the defen- The defendants' names and the total maxi- in 1985, with Discussion of Recent Devel- dants in this case. They range from five mum penalties they could incur under the opments and Research in the Cage Bird years in jail and/or a $250,000 fine for the three indictments are listed below: Trade . The report is an in-depth look at an industry earning over $350 million per year at the expense of the lives and freedom of MA IMUM OSSI E SE E CES over 20 million wild birds. This report, and its companion volume, Mic ae aye 6 yea s a o $ ,2 0,000 Importation of Birds into the United States a cisco e A iega yea s a o $ ,000.000 1986-1988, are the result of analysis of Ca os Me o a 6 yea s a o $ ,000,000 hundreds of import documents, quarantine E ee Ko yea s a o $ , 0,000 forms, research reports and articles. As the o a A o io A a e yea s a o $ , 0,000 world's largest importer of wild birds, the a o Ya ik 20 yea s a o $2,000,000 U imports an average of 600,000 birds per ug . Wi so 20 yea s a o $2,000,000 year, over 85% of which were caught in the wild. osa ee Simo yea s a o $ 2 0,000 The author of the report, Greta Nilsson, is yea s a o 0,000 a e Ma y aye $ AWI's Wildlife Consultant and has re- o o io . Osegue a yea s a o $ , 0,000 searched the cage bird trade since 1977. uis O i yea s a o $ ,000,000 She is the author of The Bird Business and ygmu Ka ia a 60 yea s a o $ ,000,000 Importation of Birds into the United States 1980-1984.
6 Excerpts from the new Sadu Jagdeshwar Lall: Owner of a quarantine glers that once birds had been smuggled station in New York State, Mr. Lall had 35 Scar- into the country, they were unlikely to be let Macaws confiscated by the Fish and Wildlife arrested, two Fish and Wildlife Service report on importation Service in 1985 because of improper permits. Mr. Lall had received permits from Suriname by list- sting investigations proved the contrary. A of birds into the U.S. ing 16 importers in New York at non-existent ad- three-year undercover operation in Prior to 1985, two major importers, Bert dresses, such as parking lots and to non-existent Brownsville and Dallas, Texas, resulted in people which the Fish and Wildlife Service were Slocum of Miami and Richard La Blue of unable to locate or verify as to their identity. He the indictment of 26 individuals who had Los Angeles, as well as a minor importer, then moved to Florida, where he conspired with an smuggled 250 parrots from Mexico and Charles Cantino, alias Vincent Teresa, a importer, owner of a quarantine station, Central America. Charges included felony Sherley Smith to smuggle 27 Palm Cockatoos conspiracy, Lacey Act violations, Endan- former Mafia leader, were indicted on a into the United States from the British Virgin variety of charges from smuggling to ille- Islands. Mr. Lall also was in possession of two gered Species Act violations and smug- gal importation of endangered species and greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoos on arrest in gling. The Fish and Wildlife Service esti- were forced to leave the importation busi- October, 1987. In April 1988, Sherley Smith pled mates that 26,000 parrots are smuggled per guilty to three misdemean- ness. Since 1985, there has been a rash of ors concerning conspiracy confiscations and arrests of major as well as to smuggle birds. She was minor importers.' Listed below are a few sentenced to three years examples: probation and required to pay $15,000 to the Lacey Gregory B. Jones: A longtime importer owning Act reward fund. Four quarantine stations in Louisiana, Mr. Jones was ar- Eclectus Parrots found in rested April 21, 1987 along with four others for her possession were addi- conspiring to smuggle 300 Yellow- naped Ama- tionally forfeited to the zon parrots into the United States from Mexico. government. The follow- The parrots had been hidden in car door panels and ing day, April 22, 1988, three California citizens arranged their illegal entry Mr. Lall was sentenced to into the state where they were shipped to Mr. Jones time served in prison (146 and to a pet dealer in South Carolina. Mr. Jones days), three years' proba- was sentenced to two years in prison and fined tion, and agreement to the $140,000. His wife, Phyllis Jones, still operates forfeiture of birds seized two quarantine stations in Florida. during the investigation in Mario Tabraue: Owner of Zoological Imports Un- lieu of a fine. The birds limited in Miami, Mr. Tabraue owned a quarantine forfeited included 10 Palm station and imported a small number of birds in Cockatoos, two Greater 1985 (see Table 23). His imports increased in Sulphur-crested Cocka- 1986 and 1987, until he was arrested on December toos, two Eclectus Parrots Smuggled cockatoos seized by Fish and Wildlife 17, 1987 as the leader of a group involved in and 1 Lesser Sulphur- cocaine sales, bribing of police and killing a fed- crested Cockatoo. Mr. Lall had earlier pled guilty year through Brownsville, Texas alone, In eral informant. His imports had also included to one felony count of the general smuggling mammals: In 1985, the Fish and Wildlife Service statute, and to one misdemeanor count of the the mid-west the Service used the coopera- confiscated two cheetahs from his property that he Endangered Species Act.• tion of a local chain of pet stores to catch had possessed without endangered species per- Other smuggling cases have resulted in smugglers of Mexican and Asian birds. mits; on his arrest in 1987, two leopards were prison terms. Representing themselves as buyers, the found in his backyard which were also confis- Harvey Edelman, a New York bird dealer, was cated. In February 1988 he was convicted in the agents bought smuggled Thick-billed Par- convicted of smuggling 44 Mexican parrots which drug racketeering case, having been found guilty rots, Scarlet Macaws, Palm Cockatoos,55 were in his possession when he was arrested near in 61 of 62 charges. He forfeited $75 million in the El Paso, Texas border in October, 1985. He Double Yellow-headed Amazons, yellow- assets including ownership in Pets Unlimited and received a 35-year prison sentence and a $1 mil- received a jail sentence. The birds in his posses- naped Amazons, Red-lored and Red-headed lion fine.2 Virginia Vidrio, owner of a pet store in sion were confiscated in December 1987, and Amazons from 36 individuals in six states. Bell, California, was indicted in November, 1987 cases were not brought on wildlife laws in view of This two-year operation centered in Ohio, by a grand jury for smuggling 20 Yellow-naped the seriousness of the other charges. Amazon parrot chicks and three Military Ma- but those indicted included citizens of Indi- Anna Marie Stevenson: Co-owner with her hus- caws on February 15, 1987. She and a co- band, Richard Ray Stevenson of Anna Marie ana, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Texas conspirator, were sentenced to 30 months prison. Imports in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Mrs. Steven- and California. By early 1989, one defen- On April 13, 1988, 243 birds were seized on a son imported birds through USDA-run quarantine boat off the Florida Keys and five Miami citizens dant was convicted and began serving an stations. In 1983, 104 Palm Cockatoos were con- were arrested. The five people - four men and one 18-month sentence. fiscated by the Fish and Wildlife Service along woman - had secreted 193 Cuban melodious with 28 Eclectus Parrots, as Lacey Act violations, Finches, 48 Cuban Amazons, and endangered *Not only have American dealers smuggled parrots om both species being protected from trade in their species, one Moustached Parakeet, and one Scar- Me ico a Ce a Ame ica, u o e i m, E o ic au a, countries of origin. In June 1984 Mrs. Stevenson let Macaw, an Appendix 1 species, valued at a ase i os A ge es, co s i e o smugg e 2,000 Gray sued the Fish and Wildlife Service after her permit a o s om G a a, Wes A ica i u e, 88. a e Al- total of $250,000. the Coast Guard had heard request to import 35 more Palm Cockatoos was e i e o is i m was a es e i G a a a co ic e o loud squawks from below deck when the boat refused. She lost this lawsuit and the Palm Cocka- o gi g CI ES ocume s, i i g go e me o icia s a was inspected, and the Fish and Wildlife Service toos were sent to a consortium of 11 zoos with a em i g o e o ese a o s w ic a e a e om was called. On September 29, 1988, four of the a e. is se e ce was i e mo s wi a a o , a is ownership remaining with the Indonesian govern- five smugglers were convicted and in November G a ia co o s ecei e u o i e yea s ment, the country from which the birds had been two were sentenced two years' prison, but two e i o ma io e e was o i e y e is a Wi i e smuggled. Other confiscations of Palm Cockatoos fled prior to sentencing; the fifth person was to be Se ice u ic A ai s O ice i e o m o a ic es, ews have been placed in this same consortium. In June, tried on a cocaine charge. The two that fled are e eases a wi e se ice e e es. 1985, Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson were both arrested i a k , e ua y, 86 still at large. for operating a cocaine factory. All birds in their "Ame ica Se e ce i G a a" A IC (USA Vol aviary were confiscated. While it had been assumed by most smug- 9(1), Jan, 1989
oY" 7 WILDLIFE
Cement company blasts cave, especially important for The symbol that pregnant bats when the tem- helps Canadians to bat maternity cave perature drops. The main rea- shop responsibly son Ghost bats survive on Defeat has overtaken the Mount Etna is because of the brave bat defenders who Canada's maple leaf has taken diversity of caves available for on dove-like form in the battle kept the Central Queensland different needs. Cement Company at bay by to protect the environment. The Brisbane Courier-Mail descending into the Mount Canadian products and dubbed the action "envi- packaging that are Etna Caves targeted by the ronmental vandalism" in an Company for their lime- proven "environ- editorial questioning the stone deposits (see Fall/ mentally friendly" Queensland government's Winter 88/89 Quarterly). may now carry the "priorities and perceptions." On the very day that a hear- rather neat eco-logo ing was scheduled to save Action: shown at left. The three stylized doves Mount Etna's "Speaking Let the Premier of Queensland symbolize the three sectors of Tube Cave" it was demol- know what you think of this society which are linked to- ished by the Cement Com- willful destruction of the cave gether to protect nature—con- pany. The Company had and urge him to put an end to sumers, industry and govern- enough limestone resources further devastation of other ment. The new labeling system for eight years, but it stub- Mount Etna caves by the Cen- is administered by a 14-mem- bornly fought to continue tral Queensland Cement Com- ber Products Advisory Panel destroying the caves. It re- A rare Ghost bat pany. His address is: jected the ten-year study by independent of government and industry. Applicants for the the Queensland National Premier Michael Ahern Parks and Wildlife Service and ing Tube Cave." seal of environmental friendli- Parliament House ness, the doves of peace-with- used stalling tactics in the Courts This is a serious blow for the Brisbane, Queensland, to use up conservationists' re- nature, must pay to have their rare ghost bats who have long Australia 4000 sources, then blew up "Speak- used it as an over-wintering products evaluated and labeled. S n rth C ntr l r j t M r r College. Results from the first groomed, and, most important, year of work show that Norplant non-pregnant. contraceptive implants can be- Dr. Kirkpatrick writes that come a very effective method "the success with Norplant is of controlling urban skunk highly encouraging." It is ex- populations in a humane man- pected that a single implant will ner. be effective throughout the Wild skunks were captured skunk's reproductive life.' The in cage traps, briefly anesthe- study will continue through the tized while the capsules, simi- coming year. Because the im- lar to those used for human birth plantation process is quite control, were implanted. Six simple, Dr. Kirkpatrick indi- months later, baited cage traps cates that city animal control were again set out in the release personnel could be readily area, and the skunks captured trained to carry out the proce- were examined. All of the un- dure. This healthy female skunk is living proof of the practicality of treated females were pregnant. The use of strychnine-baited fertility control in preventing the spread of rabies. After being None of those with implants eggs to kill skunks causes an photographed, she was released to the wild as soon as the anesthesia were pregnant. A photograph agonizing death for the skunks wore off. of one of the skunks at the time or any other animal who eats of her recapture and release the eggs. Fertility control of- To end the cruel (and ineffec- Institute joined with other do- shows the excellent condition fers a civilized method of re- tive) practice of poisoning nors to fund research on skunk in which she and the other im- ducing animal populations and skunks in state rabies control contraceptives by Dr. Jay F. planted skunks were found. should be adopted in place of programs, the Animal Welfare Kirkpatrick, Eastern Montana They were healthy, well painful, lethal control.
8 C UE Y Cruel neglect of primates by Costa Rican airline In early March, Fish and Wild- far escaped any fines for these life agents found 30 unattended charges. capuchin and spider monkeys However, the New York in an unloading area in New State Supreme court ruled that York's JFK airport. The mon- the airline must send its super- keys, six babies among them, visory personnel—including were tightly packed into four one from Latin America—to crude crates and reportedly ex- animal handling training semi- posed to near freezing tempera- nars at the ASPCA. They must tures for 12 hours. Eight were also offer official memoranda already dead when found. The as proof that they are conform- remainder were placed in the ing to stricter regulations for care of the ASPCA's Ani- shipping animals and that they The neck of this buffalo has been broken and his legs have been malport and treated for expo- have tightened the procedures tied together. He waits in agony to be slaughtered. sure. for notifying consignees. The Director of the Ani- According to Fish and malport said that "it was one Wildlife, the airline has taken Campaigning to improve of the worst cases of animal ne- steps to improve transport con- glect involving airlines I've ditions, such as hiring addi- India's brutal slaughterhouses ever seen" and the ASPCA tional personnel. If they do not An organization in Bangalore waiting to be slaughtered. brought charges against the clean up their act by December, which is striving against over- Animals panic and pass Costa Rican airline responsible, the case will once again go whelming odds to improve the urine and excreta which LACSA. It was cited for 90 before the New York State lot of India's draught animals stagnate on the floor. separate counts of cruelty, three Supreme Court. The Fish and has asked AWI to report on its Pig slaughter is the most counts for each monkey in- Wildlife Service is conducting work. It operates under the cruel. They are brought to volved. Although each sum- an investigation of their own acronym CARTMAN (Center the slaughterhouse with mons carries a maximum pen- into the case for possible fed- for Action, Research and Tech- their mouths muzzled or tied. alty of $1000, LACSA has thus eral violations. nology for Man, Animals and With their legs tied they are Nature). pierced in the heart region Currently the prime target for again and again. In some CARTMAN's reforming zeal cases their heads are buried is India's 2800 legal and illegal in mud and they are allowed slaughterhouses. When the ani- to die of suffocation. Alter- mals, the bullocks and buffa- natively they are thrown in loes, arrive there, they will al- boiling water. ready be in a pitiful state. On their long journey they will have CARTMAN is campaigning had no food or water or rest and for humane slaughter methods will have been persistently buf- and modernized slaughter- feted and beaten. Thereafter houses. It is meeting with reli- their treatment almost defies gious leaders (stunning is op- belief. We quote verbatim from posed on religious grounds), the letter we have received. meat workers, legislators and journalists. The Director of Slaughter methods are cruel this admirable body is Profes- and barbarous. The neck is sor N.S. Ramaswamy who is twisted and the animal is also an adviser on the meat made to fall on the ground. industry to several state gov- It sustains bone fractures and ernments and Chairman of an severe body injuries. It is Expert Committee on Devel- „, then dragged on the floor. opment of the Meat Industry (.41/i/ha 1, Its head is severed in the set up by the Indian Govern- One of the fortunate survivors: a baby spider monkey is cared presence of other animals ment. for in the ASPCA's Animalport.
V07 9 "A physical environment adequate to promote the psychological well-being of non-human primates"
These words from the Improved Standards research institutions for years? The answer e Ame ica ou a of Primatology. may have been exposed in domestic circumstances.)" These 10 for Laboratory Animals amendments to the is: Mark Bodamer, a graduate student of At AWI's request, Veterinarian James Mahoney, NYU Associ- chimps have been in research throughout their lives and, in fact, Animal Welfare Act have evoked cries of Professor Roger Fouts, working on a grant ate Research Professor, took the pho- were just about to go into an AIDS rage from numerous research facilities who form the Jane Goodall Institute. He was tographs of Doc and JoJo engaged in experiment. assert they'll have to spend millions with- invited to come to the Laboratory for Ex- their new-found personal hygiene Viewing themselves in the mir- out even knowing what contributes to perimental Medicine and Surgery in Pri- activity—brushing their teeth with ror, "shows self-awareness. They mates (LEMSIP), one of the largest holders great gusto. can coordinate in the mirror. The In a telephone interview, Dr. Ma- chimpanzee recognizes himself. I honey told us, "about 3 minutes after When they use a mirror to inspect receiving a toothbrush, three of the their teeth when brushing, they obvi- 10 chimpanzees in the pilot study ously understand what they're doing. started brushing their teeth. The first You could see them paying attention thing they did was lick the toothpaste to individual teeth—looking specifi- off or try to clean the bars of the cage. cally at a canine, for instance. They Then, suddenly, three animals began turned the mirror in order to see a to clean their teeth at the same time. particular tooth. They were rather Now all of them do." systematic about cleaning their front Describing the sequence of tooth- teeth." brush, plastic mirror and hairbrush, Some of the chimps also used he noted, "We had first of all given their mirrors to observe humans in him the tooth brush and 10 minutes the room without looking at them di- later gave him the mirror. He laid the rectly. mirror down in the corner of the cage. A videotape of several of the 10 minutes after that, I gave new activities brought to him the brush and he went LEMSIP by Mark Bodamer to retrieve the mirror in shows the chimpanzees us- order to look at himself ing transparent rubber tubes brushing his hair." (see to drink slowly thawing fro- o o oc video still, right.) He uses a zen Kool Aid, maneuvering forward stroke from the the tubes for hours and put- psychological well-being. But few of these of chimpanzees in the US. Hepatitis and • complainers have made any serious efforts AIDS research is conducted on the back of his head holding his ting them away carefully for to learn how to compensate for the pri- chimps housed there. LEMSIP is a part of mirror in one hand to see future use. It also shows the mates' loss of freedom and how to combat New York University (NYU) and is headed the effect. "When I gave various ways in which dif- the all-enveloping boredom and inactivity by Professor Moor-Jankowski, editor of him the brush," remembers ferent individuals used the which places unrelieved stress on intelli- Dr. Mahoney, "he must leaf-covered willow twigs have thought, 'Oh, the mirror!' He had obviously remembered that gent animals. (Photos across top of pages) they were given in order to fish raisins and honey out of similar Who could have imagined that a tooth- he had laid the mirror down. You could see his mind working. It tubes (see above. ) Doc delights in brushing his teeth as he showed he made a real connection—a real association of ideas. This pilot project should be one of many. Regrettably, more time brush, a hairbrush and a plastic mirror watches himself in the mirror. Note how he could be so pleasing to laboratory chim- "Having examined the history of these animals, we could find no and energy seem to be going into carping complaints than positive transfers the mirror from one hand to evidence that they had been exposed to toothbrushes, mirrors or panzees who have been caged in medical another. AllPhotos byDr. James Mahoney action to provide the well-being that Congress has mandated for hairbrushes (unlike former pets or circus performing animals who experimental primates.
0 LABORATORY ANIMALS Status of Regulations Under the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Amendments
Opponents of the 1985 amendments to the as desired to keep groups of compatible cats dards. This can be and has been done in the Animal Welfare Act generated thousands together. (See pages 47-51, Comfortable following manner: remove the floor from of letters criticizing the regulations pro- Quarters for Laboratory Animals) .. . one cage and the ceiling from another, or, The requirement for maintaining dogs in alternatively remove the adjoining sides of posed by the Department of Agriculture in compatible groups is highly commended, two cages, and join them together, thus March of this year. Agriculture veterinari- and the exceptions are appropriate. This can doubling the available space without pur- ans are spending many hours responding to be done at minimal cost by simply removing chasing a new, only slightly larger cage. each criticism and this analysis of the com- barriers between two cages and joining them Size can be increased even further, using together. Another excellent method is to existing cages by removing the appropriate ments on Parts 1 and 2 is to be published house compatible groups of dogs together at parts of four cages thus doubling both floor together with the final regulations on these liberty in a room. If space is limited, the space and vertical space. These enclosures parts. room can be divided by one or more chain would continue to fit in existing animal The Justice Department provided a time- link fence panels. (See page 56 of Comfort- rooms without any change. Either two able Quarters for Laboratory Animals) .. . compatible or four compatible individuals table for publication of final regulations to "Laboratory Dogs", an AWI film made would be housed in the same area that cur- the federal judge who heard the lawsuit several years ago at the University of Ottawa rently houses the same number of primates brought by the Animal Legal Defense Fund Medical School, showed what a member of individually. Many institutions have the AWI's Scientific Advisory Committee char- capability of carrying out this rudimentary against the Department of Agriculture, the acterized as the only happy laboratory dogs metal work in their own shops. The top Office of Management and Budget, and the he'd ever seen. The dogs were kept in cages should be held firmly by the use of National Institutes of Health because of the groups in sizeable rooms, released for exer- metal brackets attached to a wall of the room long delay in issuing final regulations, cise in the wide connecting corridor, and, in to compensate for primates' propensity to good weather, released still further to a roof shake cages. without which, the law cannot be enforced. runway from which they happily returned to We have thoroughly discussed this practi- Meantime, thousands more comments their respective rooms under the guidance of cal means of meaningful increase in space on Part 3 of the regulations have reached a sympathetic attendant. This facility had no for primates with experienced scientists to the Department. The Society for Animal cages at all. The same system was retained ensure its feasibility. We believe it is impor- after a move was made. tant to make compliance with these regula- Protective Legislation, (SAPL) AWI ' s com- SAPL comments on rabbit housing state, in tions as easy and inexpensive as possible for panion organization, submitted comments part: registrants and licensees. We do not wish to see institutions spending money on new cages on Part 3 on behalf of 42 other organiza- An excellent alternative which can be used only a few inches bigger than those they are tions. In addition to a submission on the in many situations is use of large pens for currently using and throwing out the old proposed regulations, comments on the group housing of 6 to 10 rabbits. As reported ones. When improvements are made for in the current issue Vol. 13, No. Regulatory Impact Analysis and the Paper- o esou ce, laboratory animals, they ought not to be so 2, of the Canadian Council on Animal Care, infinitesimal that they could hardly be per- work Reduction Act were included. The "Given the opportunity, laboratory rabbits ceived by the subjects. Congress sought to will groom each other, burrow, and 'gam- comments stressed practical means of pro- improve the well-being of animals being bol' like lambs, leaping into the air and viding more comfortable housing without used for human benefit when it passed the running back and forth for no particular incurring substantial expense. Opponents ISLA amendments. Proponents specifically reason, just as their European ancestors did sought to keep down costs to the govern- have sought to delay, weaken, or even elimi- in the wild. They are social animals, graz- ment, registrants and licensees. The only ing, drinking, grooming in small groups, the nate the regulations by complaining that genuine challenge to keeping costs down Animal Care Centre at the University of they will require enormous expenditures of lies in providing psychological well-being British Columbia found after instituting for primates. Other claims of significant funds by registered research facilities, communal housing of the New Zealand costs which have been put forward are not dealers, and zoos. Whites maintained there." well founded. Required cage sizes in Part 3 of the pro- In making these comments, SAPL drew The method described above for provid- posed regulations closely adhere to the sizes on the Animal Welfare Institute's ing adequate space for captive primates pres- recommended in the Guide for the Care and ents a workable system requiring no new publication Comfortable Quarters for Use of Laboratory Animals, which all insti- construction or purchase of cages. It allows Laboratory Animals, which contains pho- tutions that receive grants from the National the same number of primates to be kept in the tographs of the best in laboratory animal Institutes of Health are expected to follow. same area in which they are currently housed, housing. It should be emphasized that the The SAPL comments state that cage sizes but all primates would have more available best is not necessarily the most expensive. proposed for singly housed primates: pace. Institutions are, of course, at liberty Stainless steel cages are extremely expen- . . .would make it next to impossible to to adopt any methods and systems they may achieve the psychological well-being man- select to comply with the standards. Some sive, and oftentimes they can be dispensed dated by the Improved Standards for Labo- could incur much larger expense. However, with. To quote from S APL's comments: ratory Animals amendments. Space required that would be a matter of individual choice, The regulations should encourage institu- for exhibitors is more appropriate. not compulsion, a highly important distinc- tions to dispense with the use of cages to the A practical alternative approach which tion. greatest extent possible, housing cats in- would save money for registrants, while Attachments to the comments included a stead in rooms provided with shelves for providing substantially more space for cap- number of papers by Viktor Reinhardt of the climbing and rest. Large rooms can be pro- tive primates, would be to double the vol- Wisconsin Regional Primate Research vided with chain link fence or other dividers ume of existing cages which meet the stan- Center demonstrating his successful experi-
12 %A) A O A O Y A IMA S I
e ce i aci g wo com a i e esus ways o oomy e s, a e a ge cages o o mo e e so e a a e cu e y em mo keys i a a ge cage c ea e y oi i g ima es y emo i g a ie s e wee cages oye . O y i a i s i u io is o owi g cages oge e . e au o w i es i a o a gi i g wo com a i e ima es access e ig y im o e a u o essio a a o y A ima Scie ce, a ua y 8 , "Ou o suc i e e si e e ic me i ems as ac ice o osi g cages ow wi e ogs e e ie ces i ica e a aci i a e socia i a c es om ees, aisi oa s, a e i si e wou a i io a ma owe e e a io o e ious y si g y cage esus o o u i y o o age o i e g ai s a qui e o ake e ogs ou o ei cages. I mo keys o e s a i e e si e me o o u s, ma y o e s s i ouse ogs a i e e ea y a e a ge um e s o i s i u io s e i o me a e ic me a is ac ica e ma es i a e , mi imum si e, i i i ua cu e y we i g ei e e ime a su u e commo ma ageme si ua io s a cages. ec s, i is ig ime i s o e ... ume ous esea c co i io s." o ose aci i ies, s eci ic egu a io s In Zoo Biology, 6:365-371 (1987), Rein- mus e omu ga e a e o ce . O e C ass 'IV a om Sou ce ea e s a e 4 i ica es a e a i io a hardt writes, wise, e Co g essio a ma a e o mi i mi e a o a o y a ima is ess wi e io s a ee s o a om sou ce og a ca o uma ima es ouse u e oo o a e . ea e s wi cos em o e $66 mi io , a o a o y co i io s i si g e cages a e u ic su o is o oa a s o g mo e a wice as muc as o esea c commo y su ec e o a u e s imu a o uma e ea me o e e ime a a i aci i ies. W i e, as s a e ea ie , we e i g e i o me esig e o ease o sa i a ma s. om e ime w e Co g ess was ie e e assessme o i c ease s a i g is io u a i g i e o o o isio o e i s gi e a o o u i y o o e o a o a muc oo ig , i is wo o i g a a syc o ogica we ei g o e a ima s. o y a ima we a e egis a io i 66 o om sou ce ea e s a e o o ious y u co The excellent chapter from the Duke e ese ay, mai o e i as ee ce e wi e a ima s ey se . e o e e University Primate Center in the newly massi e y i a o o e e y ac io ake y A ima We a e Ac ecame aw, e A i published book, Housing, Care and Psy- Co g ess o is su ec . ma We a e I s i u e s a o a o y A ima e e g y e ay i u i g e Im o e Co su a isi e e emises o ma y o chological Well-being of Captive and S a a s o a o a o y A ima s ame ese og ea e s a ou ma y cases o Laboratory Primates (Edited by Evalyn F. me s i o e ec is mee i g wi i c easi g a a i g a use a eg ec . A i i g a o e Segal,Noyes Publications, ParkRidge,New im a ie ce a a ge o e a o e o e ma o i e s a e su ie s, s e ou Jersey, 1989), was also attached to the u ic w ic ca o y e assuage y mak o e s o s a i g ogs, some ea i g o e s i g e egu a io s i a . A oug cy ics a a ie . o o e was e e. S e u e comments. Under the direction of Dr. Elwyn may s ee a Co g ess a e E ecu i e o a ose o i a em y wa e co ai e , Simons, Duke successfully developed new a c , e ci i e y ge e a y as co i a e su i i g ogs we e so i s y ey techniques of primate housing, maintain- e ce i ou go e me s a i i y o e ac oug o ge a e wa e . W i e s e was yi g o gi e em wa e , e wo ow e s, i ing many species of lemurs in naturalistic a e o ce ee e egis a io a o esis o yis s essu e o ock o ma oce ei ig uck amme u o mo e ogs, enclosures. Species severely endangered u es. Ame ica s wa a o a o y a ima s o e u . e wo s a was i e o in Madagascar, the only place in the world o e ki y ea e . e u ic e e i ca u a y o a om sou ce ea e s a a they can be found in nature, are breeding w ic wi e se e y im eme i g e ime. successfully at Duke. o ose egu a io s u e a is ig y C ass A ea e s i c u i g u y Mi s sig i ica . u ic co ce wi a ima s a e so i co i io s a e sis i e The USDA Regulatory Impact Analysis e e i o me , a ge as i is ow, is a i y u y mi i us y u ou e y wou e (RIA) addressed the benefits of Part 3 regu- g owi g e e mo e i e se a wi es ea . im o e y o i i g mo e ca e o e lations but only briefly. In their comments I is esse ia a e IS A ame me s e a ima s a ge i g em ou o cages. the Society for Animal Protective Legisla- im eme e soo . e ee o u g a e e i a io , ig i g, . . . e IA is e o eous y c a gi g e a ea i g i ea e s emises oi s o tion and the 42 co-signing animal welfare o ose u es o a issue i 8 e o g s a i g eg ec a ousa s o groups noted: wi e e i u es e a ge ma o i y o eg ogs a ca s a e su e e e e. e A ima We a e Ac is e c ie is e e esea c aci i ies a e ma e u i g The intemperate confrontational atmos- Ame ica aw o o ec io o a ima s. I s e as 4 yea s (si ce assage o EA [ e phere generated by the National Associa- ima y u ose is, a mus a ways e, ea esea c E e sio Ac ] o w e a ima we a e. ecause i as e e o e e e ey ecame AAA AC [Ame ica tion for Biomedical Research's clamor for o e a 2 yea e io wi ee ma o Associa io o Acc e i a io o a o a o y withdrawal of the Part 3 regulations needs Co g essio a ame me s, 0, 6, a A ima Ca e] acc e i e . I ey a e o i to be supplanted by a calm, objective look 8 , i is we es a is e , a i s mo e a e com ia ce wi EA ey s ou o e o isio s a e e e i e mi io s o a i ecei i g e e a u s, o i ey a e com at them. ma s o e e yea s i a o a o ies, ea e s me cia i s i u io s ey ca o c aim o e Most of the proposals made by the De- emises, oos, ci cuses, e w o esa e e acc e i e . partment of Agriculture are sound. But a e, a i a s o a io y ese e i ies e so e a aci i ies o og E e cise some modifications need to be made 1) to a y commo ca ie s. e c ie e e i u e o ecas y e IA ensure that laboratory animals benefit from e mai u ose o e Im o e S a o ayi g e so e e a es o e Co g es a s o a o a o y A ima s (IS A ame sio a ma a e o e e cise o a o a o y the improved standards Congress has me s o e Ac is o mi imi e ai a ogs. is cos is esuma y i cu e y mandated and 2) to avoid needless costs to is ess. Esse ia equi eme s w ic a emo i g ogs om cages o e s o a ge research facilities in making such improve- u e a egu a io s a e o o i e o e oug o mee e s a a s o su icie ments. This task is much less difficult than o u i y o e e cise o ogs a o sy s ace wi i e e c osu e o o ia e e c o ogica we ei g o o uma i ee o o i e a se a a e a ea o e e cise thq lobbyists, who have fueled such unnec- ma es co e e y e Ac . a o ose a com a io s i . u i is o ma ac essary controversy, would have the public u es o i e s a a s o ac ie e ese ice o emo e ogs om cages w e cages and government officials believe. People u oses so im o a o e a ima s use i a e ei g ose . So e so e ee o y e of good will and genuine understanding of e e ime s a es s aime a o ec i g i s uc e o ea e e ogs i e a ea se uma ei gs om su e i g a ea . ec e o e e cise o e esig a e e io animals can readily modify the proposed A oug o wa ooki g esea c i s i o ime e o e e u i g em o ei cages Part 3 regulations to meet all reasonable u io s a e a ea y ake ac io s w ic w ic a e ime o y w i e e ogs a e objections. This work should go forward in mee e o ose u es o a , o e sew e e—w e e i a e , u way, o e am e, ace ei ogs i ke e u a ace oom o co i o . o o is akes continued on page 15
ia LABORATORY ANIMALS Environmental enrichment does not need to be expensive Viktor Reinhardt of the Wisconsin Regional Primate Center has cages together. The monkeys were given branches on which to made major improvements in the psychological well-being of perch. Illustrated here are examples of the successful results. rhesus macaques there at a very small expense. Two or three com- In a study of singly caged rhesus monkeys provided with a diago- patible monkeys were each given an opportunity to become ac- nally suspended PVC pipe, the monkeys used the pipes for perching quainted (and to decide whether or not they liked each other) by an average 28% of undisturbed time. Lower-row caged animals sit being caged side-by-side for some days. If the signs were positive, on the pipes more often (48% of the time) than upper-row caged as they mostly were, they were then released together into a new en- animals (16% of the time) in an attempt to be exposed to more light. vironment, a double-sized cage made by joining two of the existing Cost per cage was about $3.00. Pairing previously single-caged rhesus Loose branch monkeys with each segments cost other in double cages is nothing. They probably the most are used by caged effective way of rhesus monkeys cL achieving for gnawing and environmental manipulation an enrichment because it average 3% of enables the animals to undisturbed time. express their inherent Due to wear they social disposition. have to be Paired companions replaced every spend an average 25% 1-3 months. of undisturbed time grooming each other.
Regulations, from page 13 Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of a businesslike manner, building on the two and half years of con- Captive and Laboratory Primates sultation with NIH which USDA has faithfully carried out in con- Edited by Evalyn F. Segal, Noyes Publications (Park Ridge, N.J.) formance with the stated will of Congress. 1989. 544 pages, $66.00 NABR's desire to have the The 50 authors who contribute 26 chapters to this valuable •■•••■••••■ proposed rules withdrawn so that new book provide an immense amount of practical infor- t r t t "performance" standards can be sub- mation acquired by direct observation of many primate t stituted for "engineering" standards, species. The editor, in her preface, draws attention to the would set the clock back to the time Research animal dealers in "surprising amount of agreement among the views and when an "assurance" from a labora- recommendations." She cites as the chief theme "sociality Washington State now face up tory applying for NIH grants was to five years in jail and a $10,000 is of the essence of primates. Above all else, primates, the only protection experimental fine if they sell a stolen or fraudu- captive as well as free, non-human as well as human, need animals had. The inadequacy of companionship." lently obtained pet to a research these "performance" standards in facility. The bill, which was The idea for the book came from a symposium chaired preventing neglect and abuse of by Dr. Segal at the 1986 annual meeting of the American enacted in May of this year, also animals made the Animal Welfare requires each research facility to Psychological Association (APA) and the following lunch- Act, with its direct regulatory ap- maintain a file on each dog and eon meeting arranged by the APA's Committee on Animal proach, necessary. The Improved Research and Ethics with e ese a i es of the Depart- cat that includes certification of Standards for Laboratory Animals ownership, a photograph and de- ment of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Amendments are built on this scription of the animal. Service (APHIS) to discuss the drafting of regulations for straightforward system. They must Responsible for passage of the: the 1985 amendments to the Animal Welfare Act. The be implemented by regulations that legislation were the Progressive preface begins with legislative history, citing the require- will serve as a genuine deterrent to Animal Welfare Society and pet ment for psychological well-being of primates. It is highly a potential violator. Without spe- owners whose dogs had been appropriate that the book should have become available cific regulations that will stand up used for experiments without just as APHIS is analyzing comments on the Part 3pro- in court against clever trial lawyers, theirknowledge and against their posed regulations which include standards for the housing, animals will never be protected as care and psychological well-being of primates. will. the public earnestly desires and as Congress has mandated.
14 LABORATORY ANIMALS
"Doser's" death lifts veil of secrecy A SO Y ECO O on animal test methods I C W e a em oyee o e I e a io a esea c a e e o me Co Inspection reports obtained under o a io (I C ie o e a e e es i us some imes ca ie y the Freedom of Information Act mo keys, a wo o e em oyees sue e co o a io , ess i e es from the US Department of Agri- i I C s ea me o i s s a a i s es a ima s ose. culture document chronic lack of sanitation, injuries to animals, and According to The Kalamazoo Gazette, someo e w o a mi is e s a com ou o obstruction of government inspec- James R. Casey claims "the firm fired him a ima s. after he told regulators of alleged viola- I i e same o e i , a e i i tors. Following are quotes from tions of animal care and testing standards." muc as e a I i , W i e sai . the inspection reports , 1986-1989 : A second lawsuit by former employee IRDC also sued him. • Moldy feed in feeder. (6-10-86) Casey's counter claim alleges that: Terrence Young charged that unsafe IRDC eck es s y e ose im o a k ow workplace conditions at IRDC may have • Outdated experimental feed ca ci oge , mea o e es e o a ima s, exposed him to the lethal virus. The suit with paint chips and gum w ic eake ou o a ga o um o e charges that he was never informed of the wrappers in it. (1-20-87) o e y. Casey c aims I C e e o i ie go e me au o i ies o e s i . risk associated with his job and that IRDC • Dog cages—in older galvanized I C io a e e Mic iga W is e ow officials "provided only inadequate protec- cages, bottom row is dark, can- e s o ec io Ac , w ic o i es a a tive gear, including leather gloves with not inspect dogs. (1-20-87) em oye ca o i e o isc imi a e agai s holes in them and a body suit that was not a em oyee i e em oyee e o s a io • Awaiting final word on exercise a io o s a e o e e a aws o egu a io s. bite- or puncture-proof and did not protect rule in dogs. (1-20-87) I C e gage i e a ia o y e mi a the back of his neck." io , io a i g Casey s i s Ame me The Gazette article also quoted former • This facility used several delay- ig s o ee om o s eec . IRDC supervisor Don Browe, who pro- ing tactics to impede an inspec- I C e gage i i e , s a e a e a posed a training program, but tion. The process was delayed ma io o c a ac e y accusi g Casey o for so long and so many times yi g, a e e i g im u em oya e i e was o y is i ec o a e com a y e ie o o ico ogy a ima us a y. i o a e ime o e so e o im eme that it was not completed at the e sui says Casey a em e o i wo k e og am, e sai . close of the business day. (11 8 wi e U o Co. a e igo I c. u ey c ea i [a i e o sc a c wou ] 88) ou , may e, a u a a Ai o i , owe cou o ecause o I C s s a eme s. • Inspection of rooms D2 (dogs), The corporation also went to court to sai . I i was o e o e i es a McGeo ge e o e , e me ica s a e e wou D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, C4 restrain animal advocates from picketing a e ea i e w a i [ e es i us] was. (primates), B8, B2, B7, C35, the plant. ig a e McGeo ge go sick, I C go C32, C49, G16, G15, G5 was not IRDC is a sizable enterprise. To quote a w o e u c o ew g o es, so a e s a e permitted. (11-8-88) The Gazette again: [i s ec io ] o icia s saw we e ew g o es. a e e a e e e o e— a we go a • Rusty dog and primate cages IRDC is a i e e e co ac esea c ew g o es. a o a o y, wi a ou 0 u ime em cannot be properly sanitized. oyees. I s ecia i es i e c i ica sa e y One of IRDC's clients, the Sandoz Phar- (11-8-88) e a ua io s u ies o c emica a ug maceutical Corporation, halted testing of a com a ies usi g a ima s o e e mi e ow cardiovascular drug on 190 monkeys, some • Several rabbits had plastic col- ugs a c emica s wi a ec uma s. of them, according to the Michigan State lars to prevent them from chew- e com a y s 88 e e ues we e o e Health Department, infected with herpes B ing their bandages. These col- $22. mi io . lars were placed on backwards virus. However, its treatment of employees and and allowed each rabbit to chew test animals left much to be desired. An Associated Press story on July 14 on and ingest the plastic. (11-8- A glimpse of animal testing methods reported that IRDC "had been under federal 88) was revealed when IRDC management investigation for its animal handling proce- dures... • All species had rooms in which asked three employees to speak to The standing water and/or urinewas Gazette in planned phone interviews con- "The Department of Agriculture investi- found. (1 18 89) cerning the death of their fellow employee gation began well before the June 20 death Thomas McGeorge. They were among 22 of Thomas McGeorge, 23, who contracted • Several dogs were noted to have employees being tested for the virus and the herpes B virus while working at Inter- 1 bloody paws. This appeared to be due to the metal slatted floor. were on Acyclovir, an anti-viral medica- national Research and Development Corp. Many of these grates are in need tion. Martin Alsobrooks, who had worked of Matawan. "Federal inspectors found repeated vio- of reinforcement. Some have for three months at IRDC, said: been reinforced. This is now in [ e] was usi g is a e co e e a o lations of sanitation and other rules under violation of the Animal Welfare . . . u a u e ow ei [ e mo keys] the Animal Welfare Act and also met resis- Act. (1-18-89) oa s—some imes e was i a us o o tance from the company during the investi- is a go i .. . W i e, 22, sai McGeo ge was a c ose , gation . ."
MARINE MAMMALS IWC Scientific Committee Report
hunting them a century ago. In a single whalers knew where to look for the whales. New study shows desperate year, as many as 30,000 blues, the largest Now, random sighting surveys, unbiased plight of humpback, fin and animal on Earth, were harpooned. When by the whalers' knowledge of where to blue whaling was banned in the mid-1960's, find the marine mammals and lacking other blue whales scientists estimated that there were 10,000 misrepresentations that would benefit the to 20,000 remaining. In recent years, be- whalers, have found far fewer whales than A new study of whale populations re- cause of so few sightings, that range was anticipated. leased by the Scientific Committee of the lowered to 6,000 to 11,000. "If these data are indeed accurate, then International Whaling Commission puts the But the new IWC report, based upon we've got some serious problems," com- mighty blue whale at the brink of extinction eight years of coordinated sighting sur- mented Dr. William Evans, a marine bi- and indicates that the fin and humpback veys, puts the number of blue whales alive ologist who was administrator of the Na- whales are imperilled. in the vast Southern Ocean at only 453, so tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- The grim report of the Scientific Com- few that they may not be able to reproduce stration and US commissioner to the IWC. mittee shows that there are far fewer of effectively. Only a few hundred survive in The fin whale, which numbered 500,000 those whale species than previously esti- the Northern Hemisphere. at pre-exploitation levels and was esti- mated, and it discredits old methods for Previously, whale populations were mated to be at 100,000 according to whal- counting whales. "Where we are is far, far guessed at by extrapolating from the num- ers' reports, may have a population of only worse than any of us had been told," com- ber of whales killed and the amount of 2,096 in the Southern Ocean according to mented AWI scientific advisor Dr. Roger effort used to kill the whales (catch per unit the Scientific Committee report. Like- Payne. "I now think that the question of of effort). This assumed that there was an wise, only 4,047 humpback whales may whether blue whales will actually survive even distribution of whales across the seas have survived the holocaust carried out by has suddenly come open again." and that animals seen and killed in one area the whalers which only ended in 1966 in It was estimated that the world's blue were equally numerous elsewhere. This the Antarctic. This singing species of whale population may have been as high as approach was suspect, however, because whale was previously estimated at 10,000 250,000 before swift catcher boats began whales appear to gather in certain areas and to 20,000.
European Parliament prods Faroese on whaling A whale resolution passed by the European Parliament at its meat and blubber discarded on rubbish dumps from freezers last session calls upon the Faroese to end the use of the metal and salt barrels to make room for fresh meat from two new kills. whaling hook or gaff from boats and in water more than one The Environmental Investigation Agency was told that the meter deep, as a step to- meat from pregnant and wards bringing an end to lactating females and the the slaughter of hundreds larger whales is not as pal- of pilot whales. If imple- atable. As the Islanders mented, it would eliminate no longer need the whale the worst cases of cruelty to meat, they become in- pilot whales and would creasingly particular bring a substantial reduc- about the whales they eat, tion in the number of whales consuming only the choic- killed. est cuts and discarding the A rising number of dol- rest. EIA estimates that phins, porpoises and other the wastage of whales has small whales are being now risen to almost 50%. killed indiscriminately in At the June 1989 meet- the Faroe Islands, often ing of the International using methods of extreme Whaling Commission cruelty and breaking inter- Faroese whalers hack pilot whales with gaffs. Faroese representatives national as well as Faroese on the Danish delegation whaling regulations. refused to discuss humane killing. No restriction has yet been During a visit to the Islands, researchers made on the use of the gaff or killing from boats.
6 MA I E MAMMA S I Confrontation continues at IWC Meeting
Three whaling nations continued to defy tally, even the research part of it, if the the International Whaling Commission's result of the (IWC' s) evaluation in 1990 ban at the annual meeting of the IWC in San h nt t nd n makes that the right conclusion." Diego in June. Japan, Iceland and Norway rv t n t tt nd n On July 4, the whalers' union filed a stated that they would kill more whales th IWC t n r $23.5 million lawsuit against the Norwe- under the guise of research even though the gian Fisheries Ministry, seeking compen- whale meat and oil is sold commercially. h d b p n sation for the virtual shut-down of whaling. The "scientific research" programs that r v l t n th t t n f Just a few years ago, more than 2,000 the outlaw whaling nations use to justify th nd f ll minke whales were killed off Norway's their whale-killing have failed to win the h l nd d lph n coast. necessary approval of the Scientific Com- r b n h rp n d Iceland made the only positive commit- mittee of the IWC for the past three years. l n th p n ment by pledging not to kill any whales in 1990. The Icelandic fishing industry, cor- The IWC member nations have repeatedly t t p f r adopted resolutions condemning the "re- nerstone of the island nation's economy, search" schemes and requesting that the th l r h l th t has been crippled by the hugely-successful whaling nations rescind permits to kill. h v b n v n boycott campaign against Icelandic fish. The Japanese whaling commissioner, pr t t d t t b th Reeling from the boycott, Icelandic offi- Kazuo Shima, set the tone of the meeting IWC. cials were desperate to end their whaling, when he implied in his opening statement which brings just a few million dollars that the anti-whaling movement is racist, annually from meat sales to Japan. Ice- with "one culture seeking only to destroy land's minister of fisheries, Halldor the other. What has developed here is the Asgrimsson, announced on the opening dominance of the meat-eating culture over poise in the western North Pacific. Accord- day of the IWC meeting that his nation the fish-eating culture." ing to figures compiled by the Japanese would soon end its "research" whaling, but Shima's acid comments reflect the ethno- Fisheries Agency, more than 13,000 of the not before killing another 68 fin whales. centric and mistaken attitude of some Japa- sleek, black-and-white cetaceans were The Icelandic whalers quickly harpooned nese about whales and whaling. Whales are harpooned in 1987, and the number tripled the unfortunate whales in late June and mammals, not fish. Ruthless whalers from in 1988 to more than 39,000. In just two early July. not only Japan but many other nations have years, half of the Dall's porpoise popula- Icelandic officials have pledged to seek a driven most whale species to the brink of tion off Japan, originally estimated at renewal of commercial whaling in 1991 extinction. Does extinction have no nega- 105,000, has been killed to provide fresh when the IWC completes its scientific as- tive connotation to Shima? meat to the markets in Japan. sessment of the whale populations in the The scientists and conservationists at- "It's a plain and simple disgrace," stated North Atlantic. The foreign minister of tending the IWC meeting were shocked by Dr. Roger Payne, the noted whale scientist, Iceland, Jon Hannibalsson, was quoted by Japan's revelations that tens of thousands at a press conference held by conservation the Associated Press in a news story on of small whales and dolphins are being groups. When Japanese scientists and of- June 12, the opening day of the IWC meet- harpooned along the Japanese coast to make ficials were questioned about the massive ing, stating that "We will never give it up for the large whales that have been given kill of Dall's porpoise and other small (whaling) up, come hell or high water." protected status by the IWC. whales and dolphins, they refused to make Japan faces US sanctions against its fish- Although Japan has been able to get any commitment to restrain their whalers. ery products under provisions of the Pelly away with killing 300 minke whales in the The Norwegian government, in turmoil Amendment. President Bush is now con- Antarctic each year in the guise of "re- over the whaling issue, remained defiant at sidering an embargo of part or all of Japan's search," the IWC has repeatedly refused to the IWC meeting. Although Norway killed $500 million of fish exports to the US. grant special permits for "coastal subsis- only 30 minke whales last year for "re- tence" whaling to a handful of villages. search," and plans to kill 20 this year, it AW n: When the IWC refused an "interim relief" failed to provide any real scientific justifi- Please write a letter to President Bush, quota of 320 minkes whales off Japan, cation. But the Norwegian fishing industry urging him to impose the Pelly Amend- Shima angrily warned that his country refuses to capitulate to international opin- ment sanctions against Japanese fish in would "take appropriate measures." ion, and sharply attacked Prime Minister response to Japan's subversion of the IWC Japanese coastal whalers have already Gro Brundtland when she stated in May whaling ban. His address is: The White devastated the population of Dall's por- that "Norway is ready to stop whaling to- House, Washington, D.C. 20500
The Scoff-law Turtle killers Shrimpers violate Endangered Species Act As self-proclaimed pirates flying the skull and crossbones on their masts, shrimpers de- liberately violating the US Endangered Species Act block- aded ports in Texas and Louisi- ana this July. The issue is the use of the Turtle Excluder Device (TED) (See AWI Qua e y Vol. 35 No. 3 &4) devel- oped and thoroughly tested by the National Marine Fisheries Service and used by law-abid- ing shrimp boat captains. TEDS prevent the drowning of endangered sea turtles by An opportunity to observe dolphins in the wild deflecting them as the nets Oceanic Society Expeditions project in the tropical Gulf swimming and snorkeling gather shrimp. Nets kill at least offer admirers of dolphins an Stream Gap. skills. 11,000 turtles a year. They are opportunity to encounter and Participants swim among the The Bahamas Dolphin Ex- also responsible for a huge by- observe wild Spotted Dolphins dolphins and assist research- pedition is part of a series of catch of edible fish that shrim- in their natural environment, ers with identifying individual research expeditions offered by pers simply dump overboard. off the coast of the Bahamas. dolphins and recording their the society. For more informa- The fish, like the large majority Stephen Leatherwood, author complex social interactions. tion contact: of turtles, are dead by the time of o i s a o oises o Although this project involves Oceanic Society Expeditions, they are dumped. e Wes e o A a ic is active participation in the Ft. Mason Center., Bldg. E, San Intense lobbying by the leading the Society's five year study, it requires no research Francisco, CA 94123; (415) shrimpers seeking year after long non-invasive research experience and only basic 441-1106 year of delay has driven some of the most endangered turtles to the brink of extinction. The u a a e i g i i o uce Foreign tuna Kemp's Ridley is almost gone. Representative Barbara dolphins; or if the purse seine Two years ago, busloads of Boxer (D-CA) introduced in method that entraps both dol- ban sought shrimpers wearing shrimp-col- the House of Representatives phins and tuna was used, A federal court in San Fran- ored baseball caps and chant- a consumer "right-to know" "The tuna in this product cisco will weigh a petition by ing "I won't pull a TED" filled bill to require that tuna pro- has been captured with tech- Earth Island Institute to imme- the Commerce Department ducers label their products diately ban all imports of tuna auditorium at a noisy hearing. nologies that are known to to indicate if dolphins were from nations that are killing This year they persuaded Sena- kill dolphins." killed in the process of catch- dolphins in their tuna fishery. tor Heflin (D,AL) to introduce Representative Gerry ing tuna. H.R. 2926, the A brief filed by Earth Island a bill calling for more delay. Studds (D-MA), Chairman Dolphin Protection Con- lawyers charged that none of When these initiatives failed, of the Subcommittee on sumer Act of 1989, would the Latin American nations the pirate blockade was staged, Fisheries and Wildlife) is a require that all products co-sponsor and plans to hold exporting tuna to the US have and Secretary of Commerce dolphin-protection regulations containing tuna sold in the a hearing on the Boxer bill Mosbacher suspended the rules. US, including pet food, must comparable to those in the US in October. Representative As a result, turtles continue to carry one of two announce- which include the requirement Mel Levine (D-CA) intro- drown in shrimp nets and tons ments on its label: "Dolphin of 100% observer coverage on of edible fish continue to be Safe" if the tuna was not duced HR 2948 which calls all boats and other procedures discarded. caught in association with for the negative label only. to minimize the dolphin kills.
8 Co How Exxon and its Alyeska cohorts scrapped safeguards Further evidence of the environ- Coas Gua o u e e mi a s ma i e A yeska ow co e s i was ac u mental irresponsibility of Exxon has o e a io s us i ime o see ei u ge a y equi e o e a e o o e i gs emerged. Exxon owns a 20% inter- s as e y a ou a i . "I was s ocke i sai i was a e o e i i s co i ge cy est in the Alyeska Pipeline Service a e s a i ess o e o e a io ." a . a y S ie , ma age o e ma Co., a consortium of oil companies i e e mi a , o i es iga o s om that have "taken home what the E e e ake, a ec icia i A yeska s e a io a a s o a io S a e y oa state of Alaska estimates is $45 bil- es i g a o a o y om o 8 , a ea i gs as mo a A yeska co lion in profits," according to a thor- asse s a i was "s a a o e a i g si e e a key a s o e a we e oce u e" o oc o es esu s i ey "gui e i es ... a ca o ea y e e oughly researched report by Char- we e wi i e imi s. S e a some a o a e o e ea wo ." les McCoy in the July 6, 1989 Wa o e as a ese em oyees say a S ee ou a . A few quotations i e ea e es s o oi sam es i o I e ies M . Ke so, i ec o o e from this article will be of particu- uce acce a e ea i gs, ei su e i A aska EC: a s ike sayi g e lar interest to humanitarians and so s wou aw a ew sam e om w a i e co e is us a se o gui e i es. I s environmentalists. ecame k ow as e " e mi ac e a us a i c e i e a a a i g a ica e "—a co ai e o oi a a ways es e io ." O e e yea s, A yeska as g a u wi i ega imi s. a y a quie y sc a e ma y sa e A yeska a so e e s e 8 is gua s a e e e e ui o e s a M . E wa a o e s say e aws a i g o i s eme ge cy 2 e so s i i o Co g ess i a e . Se e a we e o e ig o e . " e way a ou i es o se eam. A e a , s i es o se as a ese em oyees say ey was o s u o e mec a ism o gaug was assig e o wo ke s w o a so a occasio a y a ica e e i o me a i g ow muc we um e ," e says. o e u ies. M . o asek a gue o eco s. A yeska as oug o ose " e e was o o e way o e egu a Co g ess a is a a geme was ew egu a o y co o s i o g, e o s o c eck i ." ac ua y su e io o e o o e. ecause e si e ega wa s o a i io ... . i mea "we ow a e 20 eo e 0 e com a y o ce a a e mi o ai e i oi s i es o se.. . ." ► A yeska s ow e s a so o Co um wa e co ai i g co ce a io s o g ess e e wou e a ee o ou e ig y o ic a oma ic y oca o s, Some o e ci e 20 sco a is. u e a ke s esis a o u c u e. mai y e e e, o ue e a y e e, as O e se io em oyee says e as a u e E o a e a a mos a ig as i e a s e mi io . W e a " e o oi s i ai i g, o e." e e o e s i s a ca e e o a e e mi e i e i 8 , s a e a e e a ca s ei g summo e o wo s i s o e ou e u s. egu a o s ema e a i a ew e mi e yea s. "I i k ow w a e e e imi e cu as muc as 8 . A yeska I was su ose o o, a w e I ou " e e was a o e a a i u e o ie em u i e E A s a mi is a i e e guy I was su ose o e o o, e e y c ea ess a se e e y a ec e ocess, w i e co i ui g o um a a i k ow w a e e we we e su ou a i i y o o e a e sa e y," eca s ig e e e s a e egu a o s co si ose o o ei e . We us s oo e e M . Woo e, w o came o e om e e e acce a e. wa c i g."
Animal Welfare Institute Staff Patrick Allen, Editorial Consultant i ec o s Scientific Committee William Cotreau, Research Associate Ma e ei e eme ma s Ma o ie A c e , . . Jessie Despard, Publications Coordinator Ge a e a , . . e e e y, M. . Rosita Eck, Administrative Assistant for Communications Ma o ie Cooke Diane Halverson, Research Associate for Farm Animals . a a a O a s, . . Lynne Hutchinson, Whale Campaign Coordinator C is a e Goug oge ay e, . . Cathy Liss, Research Associate a i O. i Samue eacock, M. . Nell Naughton, Mail Order Secretary Sue o i gswo o Wa s , M. . Greta Nilsson, Wildlife Consultant ee o G. ewe , . Victor Perez, Clerical Assistant C is i e S e e s Laura Swedberg, Administrative Assistant Ai ee ai Cy ia Wi so International Committee A i e e A u a, .M. . Me ico a i ica o Ca a a Officers T.G. A ikas, .M. . G eece Go o e o S u i C i e C is i e S e e s, esi e Am assa o a a ak usai M s. umi iko ogo a a Cy ia Wi so , ice esi e a g a es K aus es e gaa , . . Ma o ie Cooke, Sec e a y A ge a Ki g U i e Ki g om e ma k oge . S e e s, easu e Simo Muc i u Ke ya A e ey Ya oko , U.S.S.
AWI program to encourage farmers Bequests to the Animal to rear pigs humanely Welfare Institute To combat the cruel deprivation suffered throughout their entire lives by millions of sows, boars and piglets on factory farms, the Animal Welfare Institute has begun a pilot project To all of you who would like to help for special labelling of pork products derived from humanely raised pigs. assure theAnimal Welfare Institute's The first farm enrolled in future through a provision in your this program is located in will, this general form of bequest is southern Minnesota. Pork suggested: from this farm will be mar- keted in eight Lund's super- "I give, devise and bequeath to the markets in Minneapolis- Animal Welfare Institute, a not-for- St.Paul beginning late Au- I —iMOM "O profit corporation located in Wash- gust 1989. The meat will ington, DC, the sum of also be distributed by a Min- and/or (specifically nesota-based mail order food AS U E A A MS described property) company. The program will be expanded to include more • om ami y a ms egis e e wi e A ima We a e I s i u e
We welcome any inquiries you may farmers as reliable markets • igs ee o mo e a ou o as u e KEE E IGE A E Ofhave. In cases where you have spe- for this product increase. The I e e e s O O E • o su e a eu ic a i io ics o su as cific wishes about the disposition of special claims label is shown a mi is e e o ese a ima s
000 0. y G e o c . oca., UM. Ge e a M ma. 6 your bequest, we suggest you dis- at right. . Ma, Oom c Y. .m,. Ce ... . 4 MOS cuss such provisions with your at- Mail-orders can be placed E W . . O torney. with The Prairie Gourmet, which will ship Pastureland Farms pork anywhere in the country. Customers can contact Animal Welfare Institute Prairie Gourmet at (612)596-2217 (from Minnesota call 1(800)527-0143) or write The Post Office Box 3650 Prairie Gourmet, Artichoke Lake, Correll, Minnesota 56227. Washington, D.C. 20007 More about the program and the family farmers involved will appear in a subsequent issue of the Quarterly.
Animal Welfare Institute P.O. Box 3650 o o i O g. Washington, D.C. 20007 U.S. OS AGE AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00
We E A IMA WE A E I S I U E
QUA E Y
P.O. BOX 3650 WASHINGTON, DC 20007 FAI L/WINTER 1989/90 ,„-) VOL. 38 NOS. 3 & 4
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E e a s Wi a CI ES S O ESS S aug e i Sou e A ica nternational trade in ivory was January 17, 1990 iiU lephants were mown down indis- banned by the 103 member nations criminately by the tearing rattle of of the Convention on International Britain, in a shocking reversal of policy, an- automatic fire from AK-47 rifles and ma- Trade in Endangered Species of Wild nounced today that it is filing a reservation chine-guns. They shot everything, bulls, Fauna and Flora (CITES) when the to allow the 85 million pounds worth of cows and calves, showing no mercy in a delegates meeting at Lausanne, Swit- ivory stockpiled in Hong Kong to be sold on campaign of extermination never seen zerland in October voted to upgrade the the world market for the next six months. At before in Africa. African elephant to Appendix I (endan- the CITES meeting, Britain voted for the "The hundreds of thousands of ele- gered) status. ban on ivory trade and even introduced a phants became thousands, the thousands The 76 to 11 vote was a blow to the resolution calling for the immediate im- became hundreds, and the hundreds, tens." ivory dealers whose ingenuity was plementation of the ivory ban because, as That is how a former South African army sorely taxed as they maneuvered to un- the British representative stated: "the crisis officer described his eyewitness experi- load huge stockpiles of poached ivory facing the African elephant means we can- ences fighting alongside the UNITA rebel before January 18, 1990, the date on not wait for 90 days." But now, Prime Min- forces in Angola. which the CITES decision became ef- ister Thatcher has decided that it should For more than a decade, the rebels have fective and after which any attempted wait another six months, thus rewarding helped finance their guerrilla war by mas- ivory sales across national borders Hong Kong ivory syndicates that the ban sacring the once-great elephant popula- became violations of international law. should put out of business. They will now tion of Angola and exporting the ivory Hong Kong, where more than 670 have the opportunity to launder more out through South Africa on trucks and tons of ivory are stockpiled, tried hard poached ivory through Hong Kong. airplanes operated by the South African to get a special extension of time to dis- Six other countries have also filed reser- army. Thousands of rhinos were also pose of it, but the CITES nations re- vations to the 76-11 CITES vote. They are: killed to feed the highly profitable trade fused to grant it. South Africa, China, Zimbabwe, Botswana, in their horns. Burundi, an African nation with no Malawi and Zambia. The revelations of the ruthless poach- elephants but extensive stockpiles of The fight to save the elephants from the ing have rocked South Africa and raised tusks the Burundi dealers smuggled in ivory trade must be redoubled to prevent the embarrassing questions for the govern- from elephants poached in neighboring development of new routes for smuggling ments of South Africa and the United countries, also tried unsuccessfully for ivory. After a short respite in poaching from States, which have backed the UNITA special treatment at the Lausanne meet- October of 1989 to January 18, 1990, ele- rebels in their fight to overturn the com- ing. phants are again in mortal danger. munist-backed government of Angola. The Appendix I listing was bitterly Boycott Ivory! The U.S., through covert aid supplied by contested by southern Afri- the Central Intelligence can countries who argued ve- Agency, has been spending hemently for a "split listing." tens of millions of dollars an- They wanted to continue to nually to prop up the UNITA sell ivory in international regime headed by Jonas commerce, asserting that they Savimbi. knew how to manage their During the late 1970's and elephants and could control until recently, the South Af- poaching and smuggling. rican army had troops Recent revelations (see col- operating throughout Angola. umn 3, this page) show how Col. Jan Breytenbach, who South Africa has secretly exposed his involvement in a decimated Angola' s elephant November 1989 interview population while posing as a with the Johannesburg Sun- continued on page 15 Biggest ivory haul ever in Africa-980 elephant tusks weighing nearly 7 tons. continued on page 14 A O A O Y A IMA S
AMA Turns to Image Makers for Help
he American Medical Association So much for medical research in the animals and needless repetition of (AMA), has engaged public relations laboratory! Getting the show on the road experiments using animals. experts and pollsters to help them with media-trained scientists, preferably "Inform the public about existing regula- fight "antivivisectionists" and improve the lovable types to "compete effectively in the tions concerning animal research." image of medical research and the health contest for public support," is the focus of industry. As a result, in June 1989, an this exercise. f the AMA would put its powerful influ- "Animal Research Action Plan" was issued. ence in the biomedical community be- Just how this expensive promotion will MA's advisors tell their patrons what I hind a few common sense humane poli- strike the public remains to be seen. It's to avoid, too. For example: cies, it could probably succeed with the entertaining to read some of the advice the A "'Scientists vs. Animals'—Animals first recommendation. All of the following AMA has paid for. First among "General win this contest. Animals are perceived as would go a long way to address pressing Suggestions" for the "Public Awareness being cuddly, cute and helpless; scientists public concerns and should be adopted by Campaign" is the following: "Attempt to (as a rule) are not." That's putting it mildly the AMA: `warm up' the image of biomedical research, in view of the fact that when the pollsters ► condemnation of unnecessarily painful not so much to compete with the warmth asked people, "Are animals tortured by procedures; associated with kindness to animals (which scientists?" only 5% replied, "Never," ► condemnation of use of more animals would be impossible), as to provide the whereas 45% said, "Sometimes," and 28% than are strictly necessary; openness that would quell suspicions about thought, "Often." ► thorough checking of the literature to researchers . . ." It's clear, the AMA has a problem. But avoid needless duplication; On the next page, the AMA is told they they seem to want to address it by ► sharing of data by academic, should "Take scientists out of the closet. mainipulating public opinion rather than government and commercial There are many types of people in by making substantive changes. institutions to prevent the same biomedical research. Some may have the The AMA's public relations team experiments and tests from being done potential for being dressed up (figuratively, recommends two key actions: because there is no record available; through media training) and sent on the "Address the public's most pressing ► provision of comfortable quarters for road." concerns of inhumane treatment of lab
Recent Developments in the Fran Trutt Case The American Medical Association "Ani- Hirsch, (a full report appeared in the AWI is way i o u s co i e ce a e e ua y mal Research Action Plan" of June 1989 Qua e y, Vol. 38, No 1). o i e e (a e om wi a i e om states: "The extreme goals and tactics of However, recent developments in the Fran e Quee s ome o Su gica s ea qua e s. the hardcore activists must be exposed Trutt case are disturbing. Here's how e u , a some ime eac e a og o e , was fully for the public to see". This is a A oca e (Norwalk, CT) describes the current o sesse wi Su gica s use o i e ogs i "Prime goal of the AMA action plan . . . situation: emo s a io s o i s me ica s a es. e The activists will not alter their view. They com a y as ee e a ge o a ima ig s are dedicated. The sympathizers, how- osecu o uce u ock s case agai s o es s si ce 8 . ever, are soft and the general public is up a S e a ie u , e wou e a ima Mea isa ea e a e e o . , 88 ig s om e o o wa k s U.S. Su gica om i g i ci e , su aci g o y o gi e for grabs. These people can be scared Co o a io , is i ig ou e. i s e e ske c y e sio s o is ac io s o e Wes o away if they come to see the violent tactics we e e ea e a se sa io a eaks ews. u ow, e A oca e as ea e , of the movement as dangerous and oi i g o Su gica s ow com ici y i Mea is a a e e a iso cam i A e woo , counter-productive. This is an important e om i g i ci e ow e e s e A (au o i ies say e o e se is a o e part of the AMA's strategy." e e a io a wo o e osecu o s io a io , a i g om a 84 mai au The U.S. Surgical/Fran Trutt case ap- o e ia wi esses agai s u a e ee Conviction). Mea is sc e u e o e e ease pears to be an example of lull exposure a es e o e is i e e a iso . i e ua y o . for the public to see" of a "hardcore activ- Ma cus Mea is a 0 yea o o me Mea as a is o y o a es s. e was ake ist". The New York tabloids ran six inch wi ow was e a wou e mo e wi i o cus o y y Wes o o ice a . 2 o headlines such as "Bow Wow Bomber" mo ie i o ooks. W i e a ege y wo ki g assi g a $24 a c eck i Se ., 86. e when Trutt was arrested last year while o a S a o ase com a y ca e a so as se e a o e a c eck a es s. Mea placing a bomb near the parking place of e ce io s I e a io a , o w a e says wou e e ec e o e a ime osecu io U.S. Surgical's chief executive, Leon was U.S. Su gica s ay o , Mea wo ke wi ess agai s u a e s a e ia sc e u e
2 A O A O Y A IMA S
laboratory animals in place of cramped II working for increased appropriations Alt rn t v n metal cages without bedding or any for full administration of the Act; other resting place; ► supporting increased size of cages and Ed t n enclosures for primates and regular ex- ► training of scientists and technicians in Under a grant from the Geraldine R. Dodge ercise for dogs in laboratories under the most humane available procedures Foundation, the Animal Welfare Institute Part 3 of the pending proposed regula- and rejection of such extremely painful has undertaken an educational program on tions for ISLA and urging that these routine tests as (a) the Draize Test, the use of alternatives in education. The regulations be made final without fur- using the eyes of conscious animals; purpose of the program is to promote stud- ther delay; (b) the classic LD50 test in which half ies of living organisms in biology educa- ► supporting inclusion of mice, rats, the animals must die; (c) the unrestricted tion that do not harm or destroy animals. birds, and farm animals by the Secretary use of Freund's Adjuvant; (d) the use As part of this program, Barbara Orlans, of Agriculture, who has the authority of paralyzing drugs on unanesthetized Ph.D., has given a number of talks this year to extend the protection of the Animal animals; (e) the use of painful electric at biology teachers' conventions and on ► Welfare Act to these species when shocks to produce "learned college campuses, thus reaching biology they are used in laboratories; helplessness" in which the dog gives teachers at all levels of education, elemen- supporting the necessary increase in up and suffers the shocks without even tary through college level, in addition to appropriations to pay the salaries of trying to avoid them (there is actually a some students. Dr. Orlans has been a the veterinary inspectors and support book that tells undergraduate students member of AWI's Scientific Committee staff to carry out this additional work. how to do this). for over 25 years, and she holds degrees in f these proposals were put into practice, anatomy and physiology. As for the second recommendation—to they would bring about widespread im- The talks have outlined current prob- inform the public about existing regula- provement in laboratory animal wel- lems in the use of animals in education and tions—the AMA could back this up most fare. The AMA could express honest pride recommended solutions. Today's estimates effectively by: in the good treatment of experimental ani- are that approximately two million ani- ► supporting strict enforcement of mals brought about as a direct result of its mals are used annually for educational regulations of the Improved Standards efforts. Morally correct and pragmatically purposes, many of them frogs and small for Laboratory Animals (ISLA) efficacious, such a program deserves the mammals, and some dogs and cats. A amendments under the federal Animal support of AMA members and policy mak- Welfare Act; ers. Continued on page 16
to begin i a ua y. syc o ogica es s a e aise ye mo e sec e a y o e ce io s I e a io a . I is ew u ic s a eme s, Mea ma e ques io s a ou e case. es ie Ca we , e e e a osecu o c ea is e ie e was wo ki g o U.S. u was se ues ay o e i g o , Ky, i ook y w o oug e om Su gica . " e c ecks came om e ce io s w e e syc o ogis s a e assig e y a ossessio c a ge agai s u , I e a io a , u I was o I was ei g ai e e a cou o e e mi e w e e s e is ecomme e i a Oc . e e a y U.S. Su gica ," e sai . Mea a ee ca a e o "c imi a i e " a com e e U.S. is ic u ge ose Mc aug i i i g a ig i e o e $ 00 a week e was o s a ia . Si ce e a es a yea ago, i ook y " is ega . . . e i e y" a e o e y ei g ai y e ce io s (a , s e as ee e a e ia ic Co ec io a a e o e e y i sc i e e e a i i ec y, y Su gica , s owi g o i e e Ce e o Wome i ieu o a $ 00,000 case. o sc es a A a omeos. o ... " ike a s o s ig ig i m ma e o e o e u case igu e wi ega a e e , w o, as esi e o S a o e e e i o ome eam a s, e a e o ems is a e e , e esi e o e ase e ce io s I e a io a coo i a e co ai s ma y o u s mos me aci g S a o ase e ce io s. Acco i g o 24 ou su ei a ce o u o U.S. a ou ageous ema ks: owe e , i s a e o ice sou ces, e e u e imse i Su gica , ea e o gui y o a e o y omi s e o e a i es goa i g, a oo G i Wes o Oc . 2, a swe i g cou o o e a i g a i a e e ec i e e cou ageme a o e s o mo ey" c a ges o o e a i g a i ega i a e e ec i e age cy wi ou a s a e ice se. u s Ca we w o e. "As a esu , we e ie e age cy. e e i o e u se e a Advocate awye s say e e s age s "e a e " e a e c ea es a mis ea i g im essio e e o e ca s. e ... o u s Co ec icu ac i i ies." In another article entitled "Web of intrigue e c a ge ca ies a ma imum e a y o grows in Norwalk bomb case" (Greenwich o e yea i ai a a $5,000 i e. Aske for comme a e yes e ay s ea i g, e On January 9, 1990 Judge McLaughlin Time, Nov 9, 1989), author Barclay Palmer sim y u e away.. sentenced Fran Trutt to the 14 months she notes that : We a e o comme ," sai Ke e had already spent in jail, ordered that she ece c imi a ac io s agai s e i a e Ama o, e i ge o awye w o serve 3 years of probation and undergo e ec i es i e y U.S. Su gica o s y o e ese e im u i g e ea i g. psychiatric therapy after her trial in Con- u a a e e a o e a u u e go Ama o is is e i s a e eco s as necticut.
3 BOOKS & REPORTS
Housing, Care and o ce o e syc o ogica we e ime ca a e e e e ious e ec s o squi e Psychological Wellbeing of i g o ca i e ima es is o ew e mo keys. iscom o a syc o ogica is o y o suc co ce s ega we s ess may e occasio e y e o owi g Captive and Laboratory Primates e o e ece essu es om a ima we a e sou ces .. . Edited by Evalyn F. Segal ac i is s. I as o g ee ecog i e a "We a e o se e a w e i i i ua y oyes u ica io s ( a k i ge, ew success u ca i e ee i g o ima es cage mo keys a e e ease i o a ge e e sey , 8 . 26 c a e s, 44 ages. equi es equa a e io o ysica a sy c osu es, a i i ia e io o awkwa ac i $64.00. c o ogica ee s .. . i y e sues c a ac e i e y i accu a e ea "Cage u is i gs. e e i o me s we i g om o e s uc u e o a o e a a e e cy o a om e e a e oca io s .. . An announcement of this book, ap- a e esig e o ou ma mose s a ama i s a e qui e a ge, a gi g 2 m o e " osi g as a Sou ce o S ess. I is usua i peared in the last Quarterly (Vol. 38, co o o ama i s (S ow o Sa age & co o y ooms o ose ow o a s u e No. 2, page 14). In this issue, we pro- McCo e 8 u o 20 m o e ygmy e cages e e y ay. Squi e mo keys usu vide quotations to familiarize readers ma mose s . . . e u k o e a c es a a y mo e as ea e o s o ei cages, away with some of the outstanding contribu- o es a e ace a me e o mo e a o e om e wa e , as ey ca . osi g emai s tions it contains from 50 leading pri- g ou e e o simu a e a a o ea e i a e si e e e a e yea s o cagi g a co matologists and other scientists who o me , a a oo a wa e co ai e s i ues o e oke a o usio o ou s ieki g. work with captive primates. All insti- a es o es a e ace ig i e cage. " ai so es a e e ace a e w e mo keys "... I is im o a o e e o ousi g a si o e e e imes o a ow e c es ike tutions housing primates for labora- goes we eyo e mi imum s a a s. A e sma iame e owe s o i es a a e tory studies are urged to purchase this mo e com e e i o me a ows mem commo y use i i i i ua cages. ai comprehensive volume. e s o e g ou o e gage i a wi e a ie y so es ca e esse e y use o wi e mes o socia ac i i ies, a i a ows e e e o a o ms i s ea o a ow i es (C ewe & me a mai e a ce o ocomo o a u a 66 . . . mos s a a a o a o y cages o ay, se so y ski s. us, cagi g o a o ia e "Mos ima o ogis s wou ag ee a e e a ima is o ce o s e mos o e si e a com e i y co i u es o o ysi we a e o mo keys is e e se e y ous ay o a su ace co e e wi u i e a ca a syc o ogica we ei g .. . i g em i a ge g ou s a e a i i i eces. I is u ic ous o ee goo a ou ". . . e e e o me o a se se o co o i ua cages .. . ygie e us ecause e s ee cage ca e o e e e i o me as ee s ow o e "I a ua y 8 we eci e o es a is s e i i e i a cage was e o ce a ay Ye a c i ica com o e o syc o ogica we wo ee e i o me ooms. I i i ua a cu e e s co em ousi g i ou oo ei g. A ima s ca o assi e y ecei e ga g cages we e emo e om wo co e a eas a ge e oug o su o g ass i a o e i o me a e e s ey mus e a e o io a co o y ooms a e mo keys we e o c ea co c e e o s ee ." ac o e e i o me a co seque ces sim y e ease i o e ooms . . . " a ious C au A. am e U i e si y o e as a mus esu om ei ac io s. is is a key c im i g e ices we e i o uce i c u i g Aus i as ec o mos goo e i o me a e ic a 6 . ack o 2 o e ga g cages (a o i me . . . ma e y 8 24 2 i . wi o s emo e • " o ma y o scie is s as we as scie acks wi o cages sma i e ees s e a e s o es a as ic c ai s. ee ou ousi g a o a o y ima es is s, esea c is sy o ymous wi i asi e omises o im o e, o eo a i e, ess: goo esea c is oug o equi e a c es we e a so is e se oug e e qua i y o iome ica esea c i iso a i g a ima s om o e a o e a ooms. ese o i e e mo keys wi a a ie y o su aces a a eas o e e cise, ma y im o a ways. a i g a y so o e ic me as a io a io "Ou oo ousi g o socia g ou s o uces o s ic e e ime a co o . I is oug es ecia y ea i g, as we as i a e a secu e es i g a eas . . . o sig i ica cos s emo s a y ea ie , ess e e si e, a a a ima s mus e o e a a e , we e i cu e i co e i g om o e co muc ess i iosy c a ic su ec s . . . ma y oo sam es aw a su ge y e o me me o s o g use i og essi e ima e e o e esea c esu s ca e co si e e e io a cagi g o e ee e i o me a o a o ies e uce s a a i icu ies wi sig i ica . W i e a icu a esea c o ooms." ames E. Ki g a icky . o woo ysio ogica esea c — i icu ies a ems may equi e a a ima s e iso a e , U i e si y o A i o a, ucso ea e a ima ea , ec icia sa e y, a oo aw o su ge y e o me , we sug a a a i i y. ima e su ec s, o e am e, ges a esea c e s i k mo e c ea i e y • ca y ica y e ai e o ese a o i a ou ossi e a e a i e ways o ga e e same o simi a a a wi ou usi g i asi e a e o y a s o agi a swa i g, ec a n ec iques o iso a io o ca i e ima es." 4 I a i io eac cage was i e wi a e ams, a e e oo aws." 1 C a es . S ow o a a e e a gi g om e squee e a e Mic ae E. e ei a, ose M. Mace o ia, A e Sa age, U i e si y o gui e a s so a e a e e cou s i e o wa as e squee e a e was mo e o a i M. a i g, a E wy a e e Wisco si , Ma iso Simo s, Ce e o e S u y o ima e e o o e cage. e a e e o e e io ogy a is o y, uke U i e si y, mos o u a a o e cage a o i e a u am, C • i a sou ce o e i o me a s imu a io o e a a ci g a ki aes e ic sys ems a e e ie e a a e e ce o e s a wou e i ua y acki g i e o e wise a us a y gui e i es o i i s a ic e i o me .. . i ua cagi g o e o g e io s o " e e o e, assageways ( 0 cm ig 2
4 BOOKS & REPORTS
cm wi e 28 cm ee ma e o 2. . cm ee i g o u a io s, o i i g a i e y a aye ess is u e e a io w e i a wi e mes we e i e o e e gui o i e asci a i g eac i g a esea c esou ce . cage, e a s o su isi g i ig o e i oo s o a u e a owe cage so as o ."...E e ime a su ec s a e e o o ge e ce o e osi i e e ec s o wi ows o co ec em ... is ga e a mo e s uc u e co e um e s u a e ame i i i ua s, uma ea a moo ... e ica e i o me wi se a a e isua k ow a ca e o as i a s, wi a is o y " e cos s o ousi g ca i e ima es i a eas so a mo keys cou ge a ea c a ge a e so a i y a o e wi s eci ic i e g ou s (cagi g, e so e , a mai e a ce o ace a cou ge ac io a e s wi e a e co si e a y ess a e cos s o kee ou o sig o a i i i ua uma ca e i g a ima s i i i i ua cages i co o y icu a cage ma es. gi e a e e ime e . ooms ( a e ee & Woo wa , 0 Wi co ec io o "In most standard e e ca e o g ea e o ma a S owe , . (W e e a i a ace cages e mo e a i g i ue ce o ma s a e a ea y ouse i i i ua y, e e e ica assageways laboratory cages today, e use o o uma i a e, o cou se, o e ime cos s i o e i a owe o ei e the animal is forced to ma es o scie i ic e s i i g o g ou ousi g. .. . wo o ou cage spend most of the day on sea c ." "A oug easi g a a assi g o cage u i s a cou o a surface covered with Eric Salzen, University ima es y uma s em oye o ca e o g ou s o o mo e of Aberdeen, Scotland em is o a o u a o ic o iscussio a 6 o 2 squi e urine and feces. It is amo g em a asse o essio a s, i is a mo keys, es ec ludicrous to feel good o em a ca a ise a a mus e ac i e y. about hygiene just k ow e ge a ea wi om y." " o ma y e u ee eca es o e Peggy O'Neill National Institute of Child because the steel cage can Health and Iluman Development, e cages we e e be sterilized in a cage sea c i o i g e e e o es a i " e ia , es ic io , Dickerson, MD e ee i g u i s i washer once a day! " a se ec i e i e e e ce quick y ecame c ea wi s ecies y ica ea • Claud A. Bramblett, a e ema es oc i g i macaques a e cu ie e u e University of Texas at Austin emo s a e a e e commo o em is a cage a is s ace a e ma es s ic i g socia o se so y oo sma . e e is e i e ce a sma e owe s ace, a e e ie ce u i g ea y cages a e s ess u e oug o i i i a e a e ec s e a iou i e a u a e e o me o uces a o ma i ies i mo o e e a mos o us measu e o ge e a e i o me ( uMo , 68 .. . ac i i y, ... e o a io , es o se o com e we ei g, e o uc io ( oo i e, Wi so "E e cise e s. o ese o ems we e s imu i, emo io a i y .. . & Geiski g 6 S ow o Sa age & a e ia e , oug o so e , y e o i "Si e o cage may co i u e o e occu McCo e 84 . sio o a ge e e cise e s i w ic eac e ce o suc is u a ces. I esus, sma e "Sma cages, oo cage esig , a im cage g ou cou s e a 24 . e io o ce cages e ge e mo e s e eo y ic aci g a o e is e u is i g com i e o imi e a week w i e ei cages ecei e a o oug a ge cages ( au k, ie ske, & i e s, a ge o e a io s ow y a a ima . e c ea i g .. . . ig ai macaque mo e s aisi g ei mos o ious o ese, a e a s e mos ".. . i s ou e o e a some a o ma i a s i sma e cages u is em mo e im o a , is e o o u i y o mo e a ou s e eo y e e a iou (c . E wi & e i, a mo e s aisi g i a s i a ge , g ou a o age. ima es s e a a e age o a ea e i e cage mo keys soo cages (Cas e & Wi so , . Cage si e is o e 0 o ei ay sea c i g o a a e a i a i e a o a o y. I ge e a is o y o e ac o co i u i g o a e a ocessi g oo . I cages is is ama ica y co sis e o aci g a e s a o g a e es e a io ack o ai y s imu a io is a e uce ... o o e cage oo o i ci cu a ou es om o e . Ma y a o ma is ays may e e " ese s u ies c ea y s owe e ig oo o a e e a ack. e ci cui y e o se a cage a ima s a em s o e ie e cos e ec i e ess o e oo co e i g i ocomo o y s e eo y y may i o e a com o e om a se so y e i a io a o e e im o i g e a io . e esi e goa was e e o y some sau o a ea oss (c . a eg ee o co o o e i s e i o me .. . ac ie e i e i i ia s u ies o s um ai e o , a ma Wies e , K mo g a , & "Socia ac i i ies ou a ke a o e a ai macaques (Macaca a c oi es se agg es Maye , 4 e ese i g a i e io a e a e a i es o a o esce s i is s u y, sio (A e so & C amo e 8 was e mo eme o a some sau . . . e i ua a 0 o ei i e ac io s wi oys a uce y mo e a a a agg essio was a se ce o s e eo y e mo eme s w e o e a a a us occu e i a socia co e e uce y a ac o o wo i a u s, a e ese same g ou s we e i e e e cise e s i o i g ay o o imi y o o e g ou i u e i es .. . sugges s a e c osu es o g ea e si e a mem e s... " e cos o is oce u e was assesse i com e i y wou e e is e a iou . . "A a ece mee i g o e Ame ica se e a ways. Woo c i s e uce e ime " owe e , o a e a iou a y ea y a Associa io o a o a o y A ima Scie ce, equi e o c ea i g eac e c osu e om e ce a y e is e ce e squi e mo key Ke e y e, a e e i a ia a o esso a i e ou s e week o wo ou s . . . e ea y equi es mo e s ace a e e ou e S a e U i e si y o ew Yo k a e i, esu s c ea y s owe a e o ge e qua u e cage sys em o i e . . . Gi e esc i e e ac ice o o a i g e si g y i e was i use, e g ea e was i s ac e i ese co i io s, i s ou e ossi e o cage a ima s i is co o y ooms o a ious ci a ac i i y (a so um u & S oye os a o a o ies usi g squi e mo keys o o osi io s a o g e cage acks so a eac . a e o e y o a co s a su y o wi mo key i u a a o o u i y o esi e Arnold S. Chamove, Stirling University, caug mo keys a us ea e a u a i e cage wi a iew e o e o y Scotland ,and James R. Anderson o u a io s, u i s ea o a e ei ow wi ow. is s a o e a mo keys is Universite Louis Pasteur , France Va- BOOKS & REPOR TS
i o e oom, e wo macaques i e e e cise cages imme ia e y s o w a ey a e oi g o o se e o c a e ge e e so , u e kso Maso & Sa o ( 6 e 14 t is c ea y ossi e o i me o s y ey a e o usua y oca . A e a ew e ime e wi a ie e c osu es w ic e i o me a e ic me ca mi u es ey ei e c im e cage wa ea e com i e wi esea c o oco o a measu e e a e o s e eo y es e isi o o ge a e e ook, o esume ies usi g a e o a Me e s ( 6 e a ce o . . . is may e uce o e imi ay wi e oys, o g oom emse es. e a e e ee o coe ce e a ima s a ici e i e c im a ees. e e kso s u y o e a ima s i e oom a e u usua y quie ega a e e c im a ees a ee i i g a io i esea c ac i i ies .. . a o se e e e e cise cages, e occu " e mo keys o i e s a a a o a o y e i o me a a s, a e isi Ye kes o a o ima e y ee yea s. S e e o ge co s a y u e o s. some sau s o a ge o y y a es we e ig es (s e eo y ies ook "Ou ou e e cise u 8 o e ime w e e c im a ees ei cages w e e e "Each monkey in turn had cages a e occu ie esea c e so e e we e ace i a woo e iso a io cu ic e an opportunity to reside in 24 ou s a ay, wi 8 " " 8" w e e, i a i io o ei g e e e oom. E ces o e a ima e cage, si e oca i i g a the 'cage with a view' next to iso a e , ey cou o see ou . W e ey i s i s: AM, we e ace i a ou oo a e cage 6 " g imaci g we e g ea y the only window. His staff AM M, a e uce , as was se noted that monkeys 2" 8 ", s i iso a e u ow a e o see M AM. We a e ou , s e eo y ies occu ie a sma e 2 o a use. displayed less disturbed ca e u o sc e u e "... We a su e om e ime. e owes s e eo y y a e, , behavior when in that cage, equa e e cise o occu e w e e c im a ees we e ace a e e cy o um a o u i ies o a a ima s o a s ecies o perhaps not surprising in wi o e c im a ees i a ou oo e c o mo keys oug ou su e measu i g . ." ge e (u ess ey a e light of evidence for the e week... uma s ye a yo e positive effects of windows Roger S. Fouts, Mary Lee Abshire, "Gui e y ou Mark Bodamer, and Deborah H. Fouts w o as wo ke c ose y on human health and USC e e ie ce, a wi a com e s ecies Central Washington University, mood." e gui e i es a Ellensburg is acu e y awa e o i i a e ei g w i e y i ua i e e ces a Peggy O'Neill, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development e US A A IS e so a i y qui ks." commi ees w o a e Hal Markowitz, San s u yi g e syc o Francisco State ogica e a ceme Importation of Birds into the University, Scott Line, o e e i o me United States in 1985, With University of California, Davis o o uma ima es, we o e o es a is Discussion of Recent Developments and a o ima og am w e e ew US A Research in the Cage Bird Trade u es a e omu ga e ." William M. Blackmore by Greta Nilsson (Animal Welfare e cise. A o e i ci e we e e University of Southern California Institute, Washington, DC), 1989, 230 o e i ca i g o ou mo keys was Los Angeles pages, including Appendix. 4 a ey, ike us, ee am e i i g Price: $5.00. s ace a e e cise .. . "A ima ec icia s e o ouse a ima s As the trade in exotic wild caught birds si g y i a o a o ies o easo s o isease grinds on, a huge death rate occurs in many co o a ease o es ai . owe e , i shipments. Examination of government a ima s a e ai e o e e a ca yi g cage records shows this to be frequently due to o u a i y, ei e o e o a ai ca e a e . i o me a e ic me ca e a ma o ac o i im o i g e a o a the trade's miserly overcrowding which A so, i a co o y is o ec e om i ec ious every dealer knows spells suffering and iseases, e a ge o a mo key s a smi o y mo key s syc o ogica we i g i ec io o a cagema e is mi imi e , ei g. E ic me is a o ia e o o y danger for birds. a e a ima s gai om socia i e ac om e e s ec i e o uma e ea me Greta Nilsson lists high mortality io ." u a so om a scie i ic e s ec i e. o g shipments in the newly published Cynthia L. Bennett, Santa Barbara e m s u ies i e a io a o ico ogy e Importation of Birds into the United States Zoological Park, CA qui e s ecia ma ageme o e su e goo in 1985. She gives the probable cause of Roger T. Davis, Washington State scie i ic mo e s . . high mortality shipments, as follows: University, Pullman "A o a e swimmi g oo i e ay In a table showing shipments in which oom. A e ig as oo o w ee s is use i e ay ooms . . . e oo as ee a 40% or more of the birds died, almost unbe- eme ous success wi e you ge mo lievable numbers of birds were stuffed into the crates: 62 crates from Senegal con- ,, om e e y egi i g o e i s a a keys, w o a a easi y o wa e a a e io o is ew se o e e cise cages, i s i c i e y goo swimme s." tained 170 birds per crate—finches and i ecem e , 86, oise om ou Steven G. Gilbert and Ellen Wrenshall parakeets. The dealer receiving the ship- i g o e ome cages a sc eec i g as Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, ment was Furser. In a shipment of 75 crates ee o icea y e uce . W e a yo e wa ks Ontario from Tanzania, 135 birds per crate were
6 OOKS & E O S
sent to a dealer named Mahol. A schematic crowded conditions. Tanzania, Brunei, representation of Table 4 is shown here. Peru and Uruguay also shipped birds that The following pages list high mortality suffered high mortality. Only one ship- shipments by species. Nilsson writes: ment of the twelve had relatively few birds
. delicate and disease-prone species for the number of crates. Most high mortal- died in nearly every shipment in high num- ity shipments had at least 80 birds per crate, bers. Blue-fronted with a high of 175 birds in a ship- Amazons, for ex- ment from Senegal in 1986. As ample, had high isease o e a U k ow noted previously, the regu- mortality in e ica e s ecies ( ,0 lations placed into force 20 ( ,620 eleven separate by the Fish and Wildlife shipments, and Service in late 1988 as Gray Parrots in O e c ow i g a result of a court deci- ( ,602 12. Humming- ewcas e sion, resulted in far birds, tanagers, isease fewer high mortality 26 , ( , 6 shipments during the sunbirds, owls, E A ICA E E 0 , bee-eaters al- year. The regulations , o y O e Ammui emi o e i 00 , most invariably had been scheduled to die in large num- o a e Causes o ig Mo a i y S i me s be placed into force in O A : 8,2 A System of Extinction, The bers, and their impor- February of 1988, and African Elephant Disaster tation, with the exception of owls, imports slowed considerably dur- A Report by the Environmental which can be properly cared for, should be ing the entire year." Investigation Agency avoided, even by qualified zoos." Nilsson also pinpoints countries from (London) 1989. 48 pages. $5.00. Avail- A complete ban on importation of exotic which high mortality shipments originate. able from the Animal Welfare Institute wild caught birds for commercial sale as She writes: "One shipment arrived with pets is a major goal of the Animal Welfare 1,612 dead Red-masked Conures,Aratinga For the first time, the complexities of the Institute. Until that goal is achieved, a ban erythrogenys, of 2,950 of these birds corrupt ivory trade have been revealed in a on commercial importation of those spe- shipped from Peru in October, 1986. Other single document. The highly readable, 48- cies that suffer the worst mortality rates cases involved delicate hummingbirds, of page-long report is illustrated with photo- should be instituted at once. which 46 arrived dead of 96 shipped from graphs of some of the key figures involved Peru in May, 1986, and birds of unknown in these contentious and slippery commer- species, which may also have been hum- cial ventures. The table of contents, to- Importation of Birds into the mingbirds shipped from the same country gether with a map of Africa showing ivory United States 1986-1988 in March of 1988." trade routes on the continent as well as Many birds die in quarantine. The report those heading to Europe, Asia, and North by Greta Nilsson. (Animal Welfare gives examples of heavy mortality of birds America, give a quick picture of the disas- Institute Washington, D. C.), 287 pages that were shipped with Newcastle Disease. trous situation which led to Appendix I 1990. Price: $5.00. Belgium, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Af- listing of the African elephant. This report is made up of statistics showing rica, Uruguay, and West Germany all had The introduction points out, "The ex- mortality of birds in transit, and quarantine shipments in which more than 1,000 birds tinction of Africa's elephants is just over both by species and by the source. It also died in quarantine. Captive-bred birds the horizon, possible within our lifetimes." contains tables which demonstrate causes traveled far better than those captured in It concludes: of mortality. the wild and had far lower mortality rates. e CITES Sec e a ia s u i a e a Nilsson writes: "Many shipments arrive Dealers receiving high mortality ship- ega isa io o oac e i o y s ock i es i with high transit mortality. Most of these ments in 1986, '87, and '88 included: Bill u u i, Si ga o e, Soma ia a o e cou ies i 86 es oye a y o e a shipments have been received from six Dew, Louie Mantas, A. A. Pare, Gary i o y co o s mig wo k . . . oac e countries, and most were apparent results of Rackear, Stephen Lane, Stuart Hauptman, i o y a e s a e co i u e o e CI ES over-crowding. . . The largest number of Mario Tabraue, Val Clear, Phyllis Jones, Sec e a ia o u e e y sys em a so shipments—four—were from Senegal, the A. M. Beatrous, Richard Furzer, Anthony a some y ewa e em... A o oug largest exporter of birds worldwide, which Giergenti, Ravi Mahol, Bern Levine, ouse c ea i g o e Sec e a ia is often ships large numbers of finches and George Kroesen, Larry Lafeber, David esse ia i CI ES is o egai i s i eg i y a e es a is i se as a e ec i e other birds in an inadequate number of Mohilef, Don Kyser, Ron Brown, James co e io o o ec e a ge e s ecies crates, and with water and food for only a Gunderson, Select Few Ltd., Frank Curic, om e e e io cause y i e a io a few of the many hours of their trip. Argen- Don Hanover, Alex Perrinelle, Moses Lall, a e. tina had three high mortality shipments, and Richard Schmidt, Willie Smith, and F. Zee- The second section, entitled "The it, too, ships large numbers of parrots in handelaar. Continued on page 14
7 WILDLIFE
The Nation's Songbirds Under Duress oug ou e o ics, e e o i g The relationship between a io s a e s ugg i g o mee e oo ee s o ei a i y human overpopulation and g owi g o u a io s, aci g the destruction of vanishing species was e o mous essu es o ei o es s. well described in a front-page article of Some i ige ous cu u es a e the Zero Population Growth Reporter o owe a o g a i io o sus ai a e (August 1989) headed "Deforestation ag icu u e y c ea i g a ie , cu i a i g Deeply Rooted in Population Growth." i o a ew yea s, a e mo i g o a Illustrated with a Fish and Wildlife Service photo of a prothono- ew a ea w i e o es eg ow es o es e o igi a si e s e i i y. Ma y yea s a e ey wou e u o e tary warbler and her fledgling (reproduced here), the caption notes: i s o o a c o s e e agai . u as e o u a io e a s "Migratory birds, like these prothonotary warblers, are sending us a ew eo e mo e i o e a eas, suc "mig a o y" ag icu u e a dramatic message about deforestation More than three-quarters as o oom o e is . of all species of North American birds fly south of our borders for e a is s i e e ma e y. Wi ou ees a s o g the winter. Increasingly, they are arriving in the tropics to find their ege a io , e e a e o see sou ces o s a ew o es s a e forest homes burned or bulldozed away. In addition, their nesting ea oses i s ca aci y o e ai wa e . Wa e e e s o u o e grounds in the forests of the United States are being fragmented by e a su ace a e a soaki g i o e g ou o e e is soi mois u e a g ou wa e ese es. e o es a io was a ma o roads or other development." co i u o o e ece oug s i A ica. I egio s o i e se To quote the article with regard to U.S. forests: ai a , is oss o e soi s a so io ca aci y ca a so i c ease A o e ime, o g ow a ke e some mi io ac es i e oo i g. aci ic o wes . Some s a s i c u e ees 0 ee wi e, 2 A o e ea i g cause o e o es a io a icu a y i a s o ee a a , 20 yea s o . u ecause o ei si e a u k, o A ica a Asia, is e ee o ue woo . ea y o e a o e g ow ees e ese e a ua e um e o ogge s. u i g e wo s o u a io —some wo i io eo e— e e o woo as ce u y, some 2 mi io ac es o e o es a e ee c ea e . o ue o cook a o ea ei omes e AO es ima es a .. esea c e s a e ou a some o g ow s a s may c ose o 00 mi io eo e a e a ea y u a e o sa is y ei su o e mos e se ee i g i o u a io s o a y o es mi imum ee s. A u e i io a e i a " e ici si ua io " sys em i e cou y.. . w e e ey ca mee ei ee s o y y e e i g woo esou ces. e e a e a ea y c ea sig s a wi i e is u e s ess. ecause Acco i g o AO s o ec io s, as o u a io i c eases, a e s o e ow ee s o g ow o su i e a is a e o o e o es s ecome mo e sca ce, a o e eo e i e e e o i g oo c ai , e o es Se ice as ca e i a "i ica o s ecies." wo wi ack a sus ai a e su y o ue woo y e yea 2000. e i s ea e ea s e s a us o o e i e oug ou e ese e s cas a o e o i g s a ow o a a ea y c i ica ecosys em. Si ce is ow s o u a io ega o ec i e, i as si ua io . io ogis s say a e a s o e s o s ecies a e ecomi g ecome a sym o o is as isa ea i g o es ... . e i c eac ay. Si ce ess a i e e ce o e wo s o ica Discussing deforestation in the tropics, the article states: o es s ecei e a y o ec io , e s age is se o mass e i c io .
Baronet Busted by Fish and Wildlife Service, Deported
i io ai e ays e a y o ea o e e ious "s oo " os i s ice se as a game i a a , Woo , ea ea s, es i ie . o ec e awks a ow s e uge a e muc u ici e i io ai e, "I was w i e ooki g o is ogs a K uge, was i e $ 20,000—$ ,000 o eac e s um e o a i a co ai e some e U.S. is a Wi i e Se ice was o e ea e e a y o ec e o e u e s o ic o ious i a ma o osecu io i A e awks e ie e as e i e ce awks a ma e Cou y, i gi ia, w e e em oy om is o e y. K uge as Musg a e a is ees o o W. K uge a s aug e e o as ye ee osecu e associa es we e u e s o o ec e awks a ow s i u e s a e a i c ue y aws, ou gui y o a a em o se u a E g is s y e owe e , oca esi e s com ki i g." e o "s oo ". ousa s o ame game i s ai a is em oyees o Sunday Mail we e mai ai e o is es a e a e a e , s o , a mu i a e (4 6 8 e o e i e i o o s oo i g a ies y e ogs w o s aye o o is a e "game ea e s. es a e. Acco i g o The kee e s" e a is a Wi i e Se ice s ecia age Washington Post (6 8 i a e swee o a a e so ga e e e e i e ce Ga y , Woo o a my a, s akes o ei ki w ic e o e co ic io a su se i gi ia es i ie a e ia Remains of one of the protected raptors i gs. "I was wo que e o a io o Si ic a a e os ee o is u illegally killed on the Kluge estate. oi s o a Musg a e, a is assis a "gamekee i g ogs. " e o e su i o , Note the identification band. g ou og, eig e s" au S a ow a a i Amos. a Wa ke ou , a i s oca oi s o a g ea oca esi e s oc aime a ei co s cu w e i was a e i a s a e. o e ow , u e o sco e o e cou ai i us ice was es o e w e e ey e o e o my ogs su e o wo ays e ea e y s oo i g a og."
8 WILDLIFE
Billboard Campaign a oi amagi g e u . A a e ki i g a coyo e e as "I e ie e a o ce eo e ecome a e i a s ee aw eg o a is i o me o e isgus i g ea i y," ea u e i a i oa cam aig says Sa y ake o oa s ie s, au c e y a ew o ga i a io , " e e wi o o ge e a ma ke o oa s ie s. S a i g o e su o is ki o o u e." a ima s oa a i cage, e Co i u io s o e i oa cam a e is c us i g e i e om is aig may e se o oa s ie s e i ie ic im—a me o com U imi e , .O. o 6 , mo y use y e a i g a e ic mo , A 2 2 i y o sa e e cos o a u e a ( o o: oa s ie s
Petition to Halt Import of Kangaroo Products "Soft Catch" Outlawed in Massachusetts A cou i u c io , issue a e egi i g o a i g seaso , as e wo s a ges wi i e "Mo eo e , e e e i egi i e e e a e s i Massac use s om usi g e so ca e "so s aug e occu s i Aus a ia, ma e asse io a ki i g is ec ca c " eg o a is yea . i e uma e g ou s soug e i u c essa y o e e wi es ea ag w e e a o ima e y ou mi io agai s e Massac use s i isio o is e ies a Wi i e a icu u a a i es ock amage io ka ga oos a e ki e eac e i a owe use o e a , es i e e ac a eg o a s a e i is o e a se y e ac yea o comme cia u ega i Massac use s. e i isio a ie o mai ai a e ua ac s, u ima e y oses. A oug ee so ca c , (w ic as a i aye o a a sy e ic ma e ia o e s ecies o ka ga emo s a i g a aws o e a "is o a eg o a ", u e Su o k Cou y Su e Aus a ia s oo i o e i io Cou isag ee . ka ga oo e s aug ow e i isio as a ea e e ecisio a c aims a ey og am is e , e a e o way o e o ce e i u c io . e , o i g Eas e mo e a G ey a a i y Beavers Keep Town Well Watered Wes e ei e e o o During Drought G ey, a e is e omo e a s a e as ea e e u sa c io e i us y e e i e oug o 88 S eaki g i e ea o u y e e U i e S a es Bullet-pocked road i ka ga oo o uc s came o o wes Missou i as e a i y su eye a E a ge e S ecies sign in Australia u e e guise o a ea ie a o mos aces. ea y ooki g i e , e Ac , ei o uc s ( o o: G oo oeco amage co o a A i as e o ge . I eg a i Mayo o G a Ci y, a o a e s i im o e o is cou y. io a e." e a o 8 a co i ue ug es sai , "Wi ou e G ee eace as ee oi e e e i io c a ac e i es e i o 8 . y e A ima We a e I s i u e, Aus a ia ma ageme sc eme u i seems a e ea a se e a o e o ga i a io s as " a a y awe ". I s a es, e s o is a ea k ew i i i g a e i io wi e U.S. " u i g imes o oug , w e w a was comi g. I e a me o I e io eques ka ga oo o u a io s a e ea a e 8 ey e i g a a o im o a io o e e e y i c easi g a o e se ga ui i g ams o uc s om ese s ecies. e e a u a essu es, e a i i G a i e , a e e i io asse s a "i io a o ec io a s ou e s eam w ic ea i y Aus a ia s ka ga oo a o e oug a o i i io ows as e sma ma ageme sc eme as o o ki i g o ka ga oos is i s ea ow , o u a io ee e ise o o ec ka ga su a e y e o io o mo e 000, o G a Ci y. oos o o e su e ei o e o e a o a e s oo i g co i io s , e ea e s ui o ewe e e i e y o ei a ge i e a c oice o wo i g a c ea y a se e ams, a o em ea e s, "G a i e wou ecosys em o w ic ey a e a i ica es e mi se e i a o g a s e c w e e we s e o i g u a ick e a a a . I s ea , e a io a a Aus a ia s ka ga oo ma age su y 40,000 ga o s o wa mu y o om." s a e og ams a e esig e o me og ams." e ai y o e ci i e s o G a o ie o ce, e ow s egi imi e comme cia u i i a e Aus a ia go e me Ci y. a ks o e ea g s e wa e su e i e e , oi e io o ka ga oos, u e e guise se s a ma imum a ua quo a ow s um s co i ue o o e ea e s a iwo k. o es co o ." I u e o ka ga oo ki s. is oes gus w e ma y ow s i e "You e go o a mi ey a e s a es, " y emisi g ei ma o , owe e , i c u e e am eig o oo a ee e ea e gi ee s. Wi ei ageme og ams o a [ amage a ki i g y oac e s. A e uce o au i g wa e . o e s a ee , ey gi e e co o s a egy] e Aus a ia ce G ee eace s u y i ica es ams e e o kee u e u ks, a e wai o a a s a es make c ea a co se a a I a y im o s o 2 mo e i e e e w ic i u e e o i g wi e o e com e io o ese s ecies is o ei ka ga oo ski s a Aus a ia o mai ai e e e o g ou i g ei wo k y e i g e ima y goa . a e eco s i ica e. wa e . ees i o e s eam." Occasionally, you'd see a 500 pound sow running around the pen chasing after and playing tag with her little pigs. I would imagine that the sow in a farrowing crate would like to do that, but it's a little difficult for her. '
— Mark Peterson
you can see some of them pawing h t : A o e: A e o i e igs as at the ground trying to make a nest, oug ei ou oo e . ey e e e and there isn't anything there for o ce o a e i c am e , a eck a e ies h t r n l Ab t t r l nd as ea y wea e igs o ac o y a ms mus them to work with." o. e : am, Mike a Ma k kee a c ose ows and their piglets on the Peterson months of their pregnancy in gestation ier time with farrowing. I don't have any sows espite the fact that many of the wa c o a e a ima s—a ice e sa. farm have come into the limelight since crates so narrow they cannot turn around that, after they farrow, wait for a day, resting up pigs had never had straw avail- e ow: I oo ou oo e s o i e com o u i g e wi e mo s. I summe e ogs being shifted from an intensive system and can just barely stand up and lie down. before they can eat," as many sows do when able to them before, they knew S I e oy oami g e as u e a sam i g e to the comfortable, straw-bedded pens re- Then they are transferred to farrowing they are in crates. "These girls were exactly what to do with it. "Ex- ege a io . e ow e : S aw e e e s quired to qualify for AWI approval. The crates where they are deprived of the sow's right up when it was feeding time." perts in the industry said, 'These s e com o o is sow a e ig e s. pigs are released outdoors in good weather, natural instinct to build a nest for her "In a pen," says Pam, "they can go are confinement hogs. They're bred a owi g c a es use i ac o y a ms a e and farrowing crates have been removed. piglets. This enforced sedentary with their instincts and they cart_ for confinement. They don't mind a oo i AWI a o e as u e a a ms o k. A o os y ia e a e so . This pilot project has been undertaken under life makes the births more diffi- nest, but in a crate, being confined. These are no longer AWI auspices in an effort to enlist market cult. sources in favor of a comfortable life for animals raised to supply the nation's huge ark Peterson, his brother demand for pork, ham, bacon and sausage. Mike, and wife Pam, In consultation with experienced farmers are the first farmers and veterinarians, AWI prepared guide- to participate in AWI's lines for family farms who wish to market Pastureland Farms pro- meat under the Pastureland Farms label. gram. Speaking of the Agribusiness interests have moved heav- straw-bedded pens in ily into the hog market, building complexes which the sows far- to house thousands of sows. These unfor- row, am says: tunate animals are confined during the " ey a e a eas 0 I e instinctive, wild animals.' I don't believe hough the system is more labor-intensive to them as you should. You care more that," says Mike. He spoke of a sow who ("about 50% more per sow," says Mike), about the numbers than the animals after had had nine litters in a farrowing crate, but start-up and operating costs are less, and a while." when put in a pen, immediately started to the satisfaction is greater. This type of sys- Pastureland Farms products are now make a nest. "You can't tell me that she tem, says Pam, "makes you feel like doing it being test marketed at two Lunds stores doesn't remember something about how more." Her husband Mark agrees, "You're in Minneapolis. The program has gener- she had the last [litter]. She had her with them longer and you can tend to them ated a considerable amount of favorable, habits and things she unsolicited farm knew that worked in the press, including a crate, and the only thing full-page spread in she had to tell her to the November issue break those old habits of Pork '89 and ar- when she got in a new ticles in the October situation was instinct." issues of Hog He has observed the Farmer and Hogs sows pulling straw Today . down towards the In mid-Decem- piglets as they are ber, the Minneapo- being born "because lis/St. Paul CBS-TV they know that the affiliate, WCCO- piglets are going to TV, visited the farm come around to that side after one of their of the body and nurse. cameramen noticed Pigs need something to the product in Lunds. keep warm." The resulting news segment aired three times. s the littlepigs grow, Minnesota Public they become frolic- Radio also picked up A some. "When we the story and aired a give them fresh straw," Pam and Mark Peterson's son Joe enjoys a playful moment with one of the piglets. piece in early De- says Mark," they love to cember after inter- run around in it and play, and occasionally, better." viewing the Petersons and Diane Halver- you'd see a 500 pound sow running around Mike says of the intensive system: "There's son, AWI's Research Associate for Farm the pen chasing after and playing tag with probably half a day involved with 1,200 pigs Animals, who is heading the program. her little pigs. I would imagine that the sow per year because there's no reason for you to The Minnesota Star Tribune carried an in a farrowing crate would like to do this, be in the building, other than to check them, extensive report in its January 14, 1990 but it's a little difficult for her." and you probably don't pay as much attention issue.
No sow under the Pastureland Farms program is compelled to live for weeks in a farrowing crate or months in a gestation crate as the unfortunate animals confined to factory farms must do. These farrowing crates were removed and replaced with straw bedded pens.
2 MA I E MAMMA S
UN Resolution Dolphins Killed on Driftnets for Bait e U i e a io s Venezuela as ake a im o a es i e igo ous com i s s e owa e i g ai s y e e e ue e use o a ge sca e i a co se a io g ou e s, a ec o ogy a u a o icos, e ki e imi a es a ma i e i e i g o o i s y e e om as ocea a eas. ue a s a k is e me I ecem e , e U. . co i ues u imi is e . Ge e a Assem y o e is e me use e ma y a o e a eso o i s as ai . u io o a i e G oss y c ue ki i g is i g i e Sou me o s a e em oye . aci ic y u y , o e s a k is e me use ca a imme ia e a o ei e a a oo s o u e e a sio o is i ea ms. o a e ike y i us y i e o a o esu i a s ow a ci ic a o im ose a mo a o o e e a o io o e U. . 2, co i ue essu e wi e ago i i g ea o e a ima . ium o e use o i e s eso u io i o uce y e ecessa y. I a y a S ai a e A e a i e y, o i s a e e wo wi e a e u e 2. U i e S a es a su o e y ece y egu usi g simi a e s s a e i e e s o o e is Driftnets in the Pacific Aus a ia, Ca a a, ew ea o ca c swo is i e Me i e me , e u a y c u e o A o ima e y 200 i e a a se e a sma e aci ic e a ea wi e as a i g eco ea a so o s a k is e esse s om a a , Sou Ko a io s. U e ea y i e a ogica e ec s u ig y o i me . ea a aiwa a e causi g io a essu e, a a ag ee o a e esu s. e is e y is e A e e as o w a was goi g eco ogica a oc i a a ea o a o e i . u aiwa a Sou a i g a i y a ow um o y u a o icos, e Mi is e aci ic Ocea a ge a e Ko ea, w o a e o mem e s o e s o e 00 esse s. A oug y o E i o me ca ie ou co i e a U i e S a es. A e U i e a io s, may ig o e mo i o i g emai s ske c y, a i es iga io w ic co i e is commo y 0 o 40 i . ocume e ki i gs o o i s, i me e i isc imi a e ki mi es o g a ac ica y i is A a egio a mee i g o is w ic a e " o ec e " y I a ia i gs. e e o u ge a e i e u e wa e . e e s a e issue i i i as u e, e a a aw, a e isi g s ee y. e E aw o ec i g wi i e e se a ig a a owe o i ese e ega e e ie a i i o me a I es iga io s e g e e a sa c io s e o se e a ou s o ca c a a e s ow e ma i e mamma s Age cy i e s mou i g a e o ce . u e go e me co e u a a squi . u i e a i s. i es iga io i o is i ega emai s i ac i e. ocess, some 80,000 ma i e e i a sige a i u e o a s aug e w ic , u ess c ecke , Chile mamma s, i c u i g w a es, a a aiwa was u e cou see e e i c io o a e c a i us y i C i e is o i s, o oises, sea io s u e i e y ei e usa o ce acea s i I a ia seas y e ki i g o o i s, e gui s, a sea u es, a o e mi io a ow eu a o se e s o ei yea 2000. a sea s ca u e o c a ai . sea i s, a e ki e eac yea . oa s. is as o e o i g o e a e Comme so s o i e y Aus a ia a ew assuage e w a o e uce e is ow so sca ce a e is e ea a , e Sou aci ic a a ie y o e Sou aci ic a Dolphin Protection Bill me a e ki i g ea s o i s, io s a e im ose a egio a io s, a icu a y e sma e A i equi i g e a e i g o usky o i s, Sou e sea a o i e i g: a o o es. o , as M . o awke, a u a o uc s as o w e e io s, a Sou e u sea s as em a e ou awe i wi i e Aus a ia ime Mi is e e u a as ee caug y me we as se e a s ecies o e ei ow 200 mi e o es. ew as oi e ou : "I some o o s k ow o ki o i s o is gui s. ea a , i a icu a , is aki g ese aci ic eco omies ose " o i sa e", as ee i o Comme so s o i s we e a e y oug i e, e usi g i ei is i g esou ce ey a e uce y e ese a i e a i ua y wi e ou ecause o e e s e e a si ig s i ua y os e e y i g." a a o e . I e ac e , " e ei ie y, socia a u e. I oug i s e i o ia wa e s wi ew ea a will have a eas o i o ec io Co sume o e mem e o e o i o e i g esse s ia e o sei o e esse i e asma Sea I o ma io Ac o 0" ca ami y is a oo e , e o e s u e a , i co ic io o ows, mo i o i g e im ac o e sig i ica y e uce e s iug ga e ou o e i . e o ei u e. a a ese ee i s o e u a is e . e U.S. is e wo s ig a ea e c a e s es o u i g e as 4 mo is e me a e ea e e o cu ges co sume o u a, mos o i y ca i g em tontitas, o si y i g seaso some 80 oa s we e i e s G ee eace is se im o e . o es. i g e ew ai ow Wa io o e oyi g "Wa o ea " i e i is aci g ie ce o o Ac io : e i e g ou s. e s i e Sou aci ic. si io om e u a i us y e I you uy c a mea o s a k A oug a a a e e ...And in the Mediterranean s i e e ac a a mos 0 o ask about the source and refuse use o i e s wi i 200 mi es A oug e U. . eso u io a u a is caug usi g me o s Chilean crab and Venezuelan o i s ow coas , i i i ia y ie ca s o a wo wi e a y u y a o o a m o i s. shark meat.
13 E E A S
EIA Report (continued from page 7) K. T. Wang, and other traders. Emirates, Singapore, and Taiwan. Ecology and Importance of African Ele- Under the subhead "Hong Kong's It closes with a recommendation that the phants," emphasizes the vital contributions poached ivory stockpile," the report states: burden of proof of a species' need for pro- of elephant activities to the survival of ". . the Poon family are still looking for tection be shifted to the exploiters. It points the finger at "the 'sustainable use' school many other species. poached ivory to transport to Hong Kong in The next section, "The CITES Secretar- anticipation of continued trade endorsed of thought" and states: by CITES." Fortunately, the CITES na- U o u a e y, sus ai a e use oes o iat and the African Elephant Disaster," in- wo k e ce i e a es o ci cums a ces. cludes "The Poached Ivory Amnesty of tions assembled in Lausanne foiled that plan. Suc esum io s i a ou o a e a e 1986," "How CITES was trapped by poach- co i u i g o e a i e e io o ma y ers," and "The Secretariat's last stand." s ecies i e wi . ose w o ig o e e Section 4, "Ian Parker—Ivory Trader e i e ce a sus ai a e use is a e i e and Consultant to CITES," reports: " Poached ivory ai u e—as e em i ie y e A ica Ia a ke o EIA i o em e , 88 e e a isas e —mus ow acce e a : traders have c ea e i e ce a e o icy is o wo ki g I 86, a u u i i o y a e co ac e o mos s ecies .. . e CI ES Sec e a ia a sai e wa e contributed to the O ce e i o y a e is a e , e i o y o ega ise is i o y. e CI ES Sec e a ia co sumi g a io s o e wo mus me wi e a e w o o e e em CITES Secretariat o i e su s a ia ai o ose A ica $ 0,000. e CI ES o icia a ise em to run the very cou ies w ic emo s a e ea o i ica o e ue os Ai es eso u io w ic commi me o e co se a io o o i e a mea s o egis e i o y. CI ES system that so e e a s a o e e i g o i ega i o y o e a e o ca a co su a —me a i g... i ai o i. handsomely I a i io o is e eco s o key A ew ays a e , I go a o e ca om rewarded them." a e s, suc as ose ame i is e o , e a e a I we o mee im o u c . s ou e e ami e y e e e a e wa e o k ow ow o ega ise is 60 au o i ies i co o e a io wi I e o . o es o i o y. I sai I wou e im ge I is esse ia a ei e wo ks a e is i o y ega ise u i wou cos im es oye . o e i o y. e ag ee wi a . So The next section, entitled "Japan—The I o im o ge is i o y egis e e , e World's Largest Ivory Consumer," pro- Slaughter in Africa, (co . frompagel ) wou a e o ge e u u i go e me vides a list of the main Hong Kong compa- ay imes, served in the elite parachute o oi CI ES. e sai ge i g u u i o oi CI ES was o o em, e us a o nies that have provided Japan with its ivory battalion for many years as the commander i e e ig eo e. So e i e ce ai in the last three years. of a feared brigade that laid waste to enemy go e me o icia s a e guy came Next comes "Zimbabwe—Poaching and territory and populations. wi e a e s, s am e y e u u i the Illegal Ivory Trade" with major sub- Col. Breytenbach told the Su ay imes go e me , o oi CI ES. heads, "The North Korean Connection" that he decided to talk about the elephant e e CI ES Sec e a ia i e me as and "Hwange National Park and the mis- massacre after realizing that all his efforts a co su a a ai me o go o u u i management of elephants." to stop the killing had been in vain. o egis e e i o y s ocks. I egis e e e w o e 8 o es i ays a ma ke "Southern Africa, The Pong Connec- "I operated extensively in the Cuando em a myse , gi i g em ei tion" tells how South Africa's biggest Cubango (area of Angola) before it became egis e e um e s. dealer, Chong Pong, slipped away from au- a theater of war and also after UNITA's e e a e s wa e o e ay e thorities when a major shipment of ivory massive extermination campaign had turned ea i e o egis e i g ei i o y eyo and rhino horn was confiscated. Angola, it into a sterile, lifeless green desert," ex- e 2 o Se em e , ecause ey a Mozambique, and Botswana are also cov- plained Col. Breytenbach. mo e i o y comi g i om a a ia a He complained bitterly at the highest ai e. e a e s o e e me $ 0,000 o ered in this section. e e e egis a io a e. Ivory is trucked along the same routes levels of the South African government, I a ee e ai e a e same ime o and only occasionally seized. For example, Col. Breytenbach said, but no action was wo k o e u u i go e me as ei Tanzanian police, acting on a tip, tried to taken. In 1988, he personally informed a I o y O ice a I s am e e u i i arrest a truck, but the driver would not stop, senior South African general of the mas- e o e mi s wi e go e me s sea and instead the occupant shot at police. sacres and smuggling, and wrote a letter a sig e em myse . " When the police prevailed, the driver of the outlining the problem to Gen. Magnus a ke su seque y s a e a wi i a truck admitted that he had made 23 trips in Malan, the South African Defense Minis- ew weeks o e egis e e i o y ei g s i e ou o o g Ko g ia e gium, the previous two years to Burundi carrying ter. a ge amou s o oac e i o y we e agai 210 to 265 tusks each time for the aggres- The ivory scandal was first exposed in ou i g i o u u i." sive dealer Zully Rahemtullah (see quotes July 1988 when a a coalition of American "Hong Kong—The World's Ivory Mar- from Ian Parker above.) conservation and animal welfare groups ketplace" gives a thumbnail sketch of the The report ends with sections on three testified at a U.S. congressional hearing traders: the Poon Family, the Lai family, international entrepots: the United Arab that "the South African military has cyni-
4 E E A S
cally aided the ritual annihilation of the CI ES, (continued from page 1) once-great elephant herds of Angola." The kill was estimated as high as 100,000. successful elephant protector, boasting of The South African government reacted its management of wildlife in Kruger angrily to the charges. Gen. Malan de- National Park. nounced them as "lies" on the floor of Ivory from elephants killed in East Af- Parliament. The South African army set up rica was being smuggled into South Africa an in-house board of inquiry to investigate. and then to the Orient concealed in truck It reported within weeks that there was no wall panels specifically constructed for evidence of the poaching or smuggling. the purpose. Breakdown of a truck while Col. Breytenbach, who provided his per- fording a river brought this system to light. sonal evidence to the military board, called South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana the probe "superficial." He stated that the practice "culling" (Anglo-Saxon for "kill- UNITA rebels were not equipped to move ing"). Entire elephant families are elimi- the tens of thousands of elephant tusks out nated systematically. They claim interna- of Angola. tional ivory sales help pay for conserva- "The million-dollar question is, of course, tion activities, but the figures show that in- who are the operators manning the pipe- come to African countries from tourism line?" Breytenbach asked. "There are some enormously outweighs such profits, and of us who have a very good idea who these tourists want to see elephants. greedy scoundrels are." The report of the Ivory Trade Review One of the "greedy scoundrels" is be- Group brought out the economic and eco- lieved to be a wealthy business man, logical facts in plain language: "What is Joaquim da Silva Augusto, who supplies ivory actually worth to Africa? Optimistic the UNITA headquarters base at Jamba views of this have been one of the main from huge warehouses at Rundu on the reasons for justifying the continued exis- border of Namibia and Angola. The tence of the trade. A comprehensive analy- Mozambican-born Augusto has close ties sis of export volumes from each country, not only with the rebels but with the South imes saying, "Savimbi constantly repeats at the year's current international price for African army. the lie that he conserves his game. For this raw ivory shows that, despite the doubling Last September, police in Namibia cap- purpose he keeps a pocket [of elephants] of the price in that time, the apparent value tured a 10-ton refrigerated truck owned by alive and well in the Luiana area where of African exports dropped from over $60 Augusto as it was traveling from Rundu journalists are taken to get shots of wild million in 1979 to some $37 million in toward South Africa. Hidden under boxes animals." The area also serves as a hunting 1987. of fruit and vegetables were 980 elephant preserve for Savimbi's influential friends "But this does not mean African govern- tusks weighing seven tons. Special wild- from South Africa and overseas, Col. ments see anything like that amount of life police who uncovered the smuggling Breytenbach said. revenue. Evidence from African customs network believe vast quantities of ivory The revelations of deep South African statistics show that ivory is usually de- have been shipped out of Angola along that involvement in the poaching and smug- clared at about 10% of its true value: al- route for years; gling have touched off demands for an in- though always sold by private individu- In late September, a twin-engine air- dependent judicial investigation. Several als." plane owned and piloted by Augusto members of the South African Parliament, Delegates to the CITES Convention got crashed on takeoff at Jamba. Reports from as well as leading conservationists and an education in the evils of the interna- the scene indicate that the aircraft was newspapers in South Africa, are pressing tional ivory trade when they stopped at the overloaded with ivory tusks, in addition to the new government of President Frederik AWI booth exhibit. Dave Currey's photo- several passengers. Critically injured with de Klerk to ignore the army's ongoing graphs of elephant families in Africa, of brain damage and burns was Joao Soares, cover-up and to expose the high-level cor- masses of tusks confiscated from poach- the son of Portuguese president Mario ruption. ers, of infant elephants being cared for at Soares. Augusto was also injured along Action: Please write a letter to South Daphne Sheldrick's orphanage, and of il- with two members of the PortuguesePar- Africa's president, demanding action to legal ivory factories were on display, and liament. The plane was en route to a South expose and punish the ivory criminals in two major television documentaries ran African military airbase outside Johan- the South African army and in the business steadily on a loop at the front of the booth, nesburg when it crashed. community. He may be addressed: the EIA' s, which appeared on ITN/TV and The Angolan rebel leader, Savimbi, President Frederik de Klerk "The Cook Report." Both followed the continues to deny the poaching and c/o Embassy of South Africa activities of the illicit ivory trade and they smuggling despite the growing evidence. 3051 Massachusetts Ave. N.W. attracted the close attention of CITES dele- Col. Breytenbach was quoted in the Su ay Washington, D.C. 20008 gations from all parts of the world.
15 A E A I ES
number of student biology projects are needed on the use of animals in education. tives to dissection and vivisection where inhumane and unjustified. A major prob- Especially needed are more stringent poli- possible." The National Science Teachers lem is the use of live mammals subjected to cies in science fairs. Association (NSTA) is currently consider painful procedures that can result in linger- There are a number of encouraging signs ing revisions to its permissive policy (simi- ing death. Another problem is the cur- lar to that of the International Science and rent overemphasis in junior and senior Engineering Fair) that permits infliction high schools on dissection of frogs and M • • 2 MEMMEMS22 of pain on animals. Hopefully, they will sometimes even of dogs and cats. At the A e a i es o issec io adopt standards more in line with cur- college level, a major issue is the inten- I ec u es a a ic es, . O a s as o i e rent public standards and attitudes. tional harming of a healthy dog or cat in ma y ac ica sugges io s o s u e e e However, continued effort will be order to study a disease or pathological cises a o o i o e a mi g o es oyi g needed with programs such as the Dodge condition instead of using naturally oc- a ima s. As su s i u es o og issec io , eac Foundation is supporting and AWI is e s s ou co si e e o owi g: curring clinical cases. pursuing to achieve a more Scie ce ai s I h n nt rn l n t t d fr compassionate approach toward animals Dr. Orlans says that historically, ani- x r , v f th tr nt t n l among today's youngsters and tr t ft r b r l, p l tomorrow's scientists. mal abuse has been most prominent in r f th dn , f th high school science competitions, and a h rt, nd C n Dissection long-time offender is the International 0 fr d t n v d There is still much opposition to re- Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF) I t p rt fr d l form. For instance, although a similar administered by Science Service of I t d nt d d l f t h , presentation had been given with consid- Washington, D. C. Although the rules l v r , nd th r nt rn l r n erable success at other teachers' meet- of this fair have been improved so that I d t n f h n n nd ings, Dr. Orlans was stopped from giving amateur surgery on monkeys, rabbits, l ht rh t r l. a talk entitled "Dissection, Pros, Cons, and guinea pigs in students' homes is no and Alternatives" at the National Sci- longer permitted, as it was in the 1960s, ence Teachers Association regional even today this fair frequently gives A e a i es o i asi e oce u es meeting in Atlantic City after having prizes to teenagers for administering o e e a e a ima s i c u e: first been accepted and the event being well-known toxic substances such as published in the program. As another ex- insecticides to pregnant animals in or- I t d f pl nt , f n , pr t z , nd ample, the journal Scie ce, the official nv rt br t der to demonstrate the number of dead publication of the American Association I t d f h n ph l nd or deformed babies that result, and the b h v r for the Advancement of Science, says it feeding of deficient diets to show dele- is "Bad news for scientists" that CBS has I b rv n th b h v r, n t r l terious effects. Such projects cause un- h t r , nd n r l ph l f made and aired a movie about the Cali- justifiable animal suffering. They d t p t , ld n l , nd fornia student, Jenifer Graham, who at should be prohibited. For many years, n l n z nd n fr r n the age of 15 refused to dissect a frog and AWI has led efforts to change ISEF f r won a court case on her right to refuse. I t d f n r l f n t n n nv rt The issue of whether or not dissection rules by documenting specific cases of br t nd v rt br t n l animal abuse and promoting adoption n l d n pr j t n n of animals should be conducted in the of effective rules that ban invasive pro- t n, l rn n pr , t v t primary or secondary grades has recently cedures and promote observational stud- l , n t , p l n , become especially volatile in New Jer- ies. n rv r fl x , t . sey, where a similar lawsuit recently es- Dr. Orlans' talks have emphasized tablished a student's right to refuse to the need to encourage the study of liv- perform a dissection in class. ing organisms in biology education. Biol- of change that will ea to a more humane This decision could mean the end of the ogy is the study of life, and so must include ethic in biology education. National atten- traditional compulsory frog dissection in observation of life processes. This does not tion has been focused on the issue by the New Jersey, as concerned students and mean that young students should be al- many student protests about what they are teachers begin to exercise the newly-estab- lowed to injure or kill animals. Quite the required to do in their biology classes, sev- lished right. contrary. At the elementary and secondary eral of which have led to successful legal The AWI is seeking to publicize educa- school level, students should never con- challenges in the courts. Also, there is ac- tionally sound alternatives to dissection. duct projects that involve harming or kill- tivity in state legislatures to enact laws When Dr. Orlans, was removed from the ing any vertebrate animals. There are ample similar to that already passed in California speaker's program at the NSTA Regional projects involving plants and microorgan- allowing students' conscientious objection meeting, AWI was able, nevertheless, to isms and observational vertebrate animal to participation in harming and killing make its message known via an educa- studies that involve no injury (see box.) animals. The National Association of tional exhibit booth. Information was dis- Apart from education of teachers and Biology Teachers has this year announced tributed on alternatives to dissection of students on alternatives, new policies are a policy encouraging the use of "alterna- continued on page 19
6 A E A I ES
Cosmetic Firms End a maceu ica s a io ogica Appropriations Committees Encourage Animal Testing eage s. esea c e s a e Alternatives to Laboratory Animals Sc i s C i ic i Ca i o ia a e I es o se o mou i g u ic e A o ia io s Commi ees o gi e is e o io i y a e o e a mamma ia a i essu e, mo e a mo e cos o ies ca e o uce i o o ouses o Co g ess a e isi i i y i isca yea 0." me ic com a ies a e s o i g a sge ic a s.• ecomme e a e a io a e e o a so s a es: e use o a ima s o es i g Sim y u , ge I s i u es o ea ( I wo k " eak oug s i e ic i o ma io ac i e y o e e o a e a i es e ea me a om a mouse is o a o a o y a ima s. cu e o ma y is e uc o i a ima use y A o 8 88 e ouse A o ia io s eases ca e e a s e e o a 1982 . .4 M. . 4 2. o acco a Commi ee e o ca s o e ec e oug e w ic i co o io ogica Mo e s a Ma e i e e o me o Gui ea igs , 2, 86 ,0 2, 6 , 48 ,8 6 , 2 2 a es i i o i s a s esou ces ( MM o I ese a e a i e a i s , 2,880 , 4 , 8 848 62 4 2 ow ge e ic ma o " o i e o mamma ia o esou ces. I a a s ,04 ,4 2,2 2 2, 2 , ,2 ,28 8 4 keu . e a s ga isms o e iome ica e i io , i is e Mice 00 440 26 88 8 80 0 ca e o uce sea c commu i y. e Com Commi ee s i i mm u og o mi ee is u y su o i e o is e io a I o a 4, 00 ,4 , 6 ,008 ,048 4, 4,06 2,42 u i s o a i o e o a as a e su icie co i ue o e u s o ou e esea c i is e o esou ces ies us as a mouse wou . a ea." w ic o o equi e e use o o uc sa e y. u i g e as y is ec ique, o acco e Se a e Commi ee e o a ima s i esea c e e i yea , o ewe a 0 ig ames a s ca se e as acci e cu s a es, i a : "Co sis e wi me s." e e o o e a e sai a i u u e ei e co g essio a ma a e i co e e ce e wee o u e o uce s, e aci g e es i g wi e o e y i i o a ge um e o a ima s use ec i g I o e e o esea c ouses s a es, " e co e ees a o e o a ima me o s. cu e y. me o s w ic o o e y o a e ag ee a e io ogica e is i c u es: e e o Cos e use o a ima s, e Commi Mo e s a Ma e ia s e * (Nature, o . 42 o em e 2, 8 me ics, o e , A o o uc s, ee u ges e i isio o e sou ces sec io o e a o a Ma y Kay Cosme ics, e o , sea c esou ces o co si e o y A ima Scie ces a i C a es o e i , E i a e es a is i g a i isio o a e ma e esea c og am, s ou A e , a e ge, Ge mai e a i e esou ces og am a is ecei e su icie u s o sig Marchig Award Mo ei a S ak ee. se a a e a is i c om e i ica y e a esea c i A o e ac o w ic as e a ua Marchig Animal A ima esou ces og am, a is a ea." e e i g a ou is we come Welfare Award was es a is e o icy swi c is a cosme ic i 86 o omo e o a ima esea c . e yea e i e o European Action to Eliminate Use of LD 50 i ms ca ow a i o a a ases s o i g es esu s o ousa s 40,000 Swiss a cs (c. $2 ,000 Acco i g o Nature ( o . 4 , e a o e Eu o ea Com o i e e com ou s. Muc wi go o a co i u o o ou Oc o e 26, 8 , e Eu o ea missio , e U. S. mus ow ac e e i i e esea c , w ic e s a i g wo k i o e o mo e o Commissio as ecomme e o kee ace. ious y cos e i es o e s o e o owi g ca ego ies: isco i ua io o e 50 . Cu e y e cou ies i e ousa s o a ima s, ca us a. e e e o me o ew o g c i ici e o e se e e O ga i a io o Eco omic ow e a oi e . o a ima me o s i e e i su e i g i i ic s o a ge um Coo e a io a e e o me A e ca o a oo i g o me a si ua io s: e s o a ima s, e 50 50 is e (OEC a e usi g e . esou ces is g owi g. "We ca . e ac ica im eme a es use si ce e 20s o as Mic ae a s o e U i e acce e a e is ocess i we ca io o a o a ima me o i a sess e o ici y o a su s a ce y si y o o i g am Me ica s a e a a a e e o ew scie i ic o ma u ac u i g o e e mi i g e ose w ic ki s Sc oo a us ee o e u sa e y me o s," sai e esi ce u e: i y e ce o e es su ec s. o e e aceme o A ima s e o Ma y Kay, ic a c. ac ica wo k i e ie e Eu o ea Commissio o i Me ica E e ime s a e , w e a ou ci g e o a ima we a e y a socie y o oses a e 50 e e ace ( AME was quo e y Na- com a y s i e i i e mo a o i i i ua ese i g o su o y a " i e ose" c i e io . ture as sayi g: " e Eu o ea ium o a ima es i g as May. esu s o a i a io s u ies Commissio as ow ow a yw e e i e wo . o e " i e ose" c i e io ca e gau e o e U. S. a omi a io s o e awa mus ie ou i a o a o ies i Eu a a . I is o o ge a ques io e ma e y Ma c , 0 a o e, e U i e S a es, a a o scie ce, i is ow u o e High Tech Alternative s ou e se o e A mi is a , we e e o e a a wo ay o i icia s." a o , Ma c ig A ima We a e mee i g i usse s. e ace wo cou ies w o a e o A ew isco e y may soo make Awa s, c o Wo Socie y o me o e 50 is ue o occu a o e EC, Swe e a Swi i ossi e o su s i u e a s e o ec io o A ima s, 06 o ce a a i a io s u y is com e a , ga e ei a o a a o e ma y a ima s use o e my S ee , o o SW Y e e . A e is o mo e o e mee i g. o uce ce ai wi e y use 6EE, E g a .
The Black Side of Spain S ai o e osecu e A young calf runs in panic, stalked by the merciless jokers who trap and trick it . Who thrust o e C im s harpoons that bite and tear its flesh; blood flows down its side. They jump upon its back, drag it in devilish dance, hug it round in Judas kiss. Stab the life from it, in a slow agony that reels Spain is being prosecuted in the across the minutes, through the lungs, through the brain, until it falls, small, defenseless, European Court for a cruel and dying. The music plays, the children laugh and mimic its cries, the tumbling dwarves hold long-running breach of CITES— their bloodstained hands to receive the applause and the flowers. whose regulations all members of Within the walls of the Convent of Our Lady in the small town of Coria, the nuns work, their the European Community are faces tranquil beneath their coifs. Their deft fingers craft instruments of torture, darts that bound to observe. Despite fre- will pierce and wound living animals. They deck in bright motley the banderillas, whose quent warnings and high-level rep- vicious barbs will tear and lacerate, till the bull will wear a scarlet cloak of blood fashioned resentation, the Spanish govern- by the work of the gentle sisters of the Franciscan order. ment had done nothing to stop commercial beach photographers These are not scenes from a medieval vision of hell, but everyday happenings in Spain today. using baby chimpanzees to drum Each year, thousands of Fiestas Populares take place, in which all kinds of animals are lynched up custom. for the entertainment of the populace. The animals are captured in the In addition to the victims of the fiesta, wild—which usually involved the over 30,000 animals a year are killed slaughter of the mother and other in Spanish bullrings. Forget the Hem- members of the family—and ille- ingway version, there's nothing very gally imported into Spain. There- brave about bullfighting. Most of the after, drugged, fancily garbed in animals are in a collapsed state within children's clothes and often with a couple of minutes of entering the their teeth broken to stop them bit- ring: They are beaten over the kid- neys with sand, weakened by willful ing, they are paraded around dehydration, starvation, and massive coastal resorts by the photogra- purging. Drugs and electrical tortures phers. are also used. In the country areas and To the unwary tourists the chimps look cute, and many a In a bullring near Madrid, clowns and dwarves torture a mobile bullrings, methods are more calf while the audience (children among them) cheer. primitive, but equally, if not more bar- family returns home with a cheery barous. A widespread practice is memento of their encounter. removing the points of the animals horns: this also interferes with the nerve so the animal suffers Beach photographers do a brisk pain on impact and becomes disoriented. Grease is smeared in his eyes to blur already poor business. eyesight. He is virtually defenceless. Death by multiple stabbings may take many minutes and The chimp's useful life—use- some are still living when they are dragged out of the ring to be skinned and butchered. ful to the photographer—ends Tradition is always used as an excuse for bullfighting, though in its present form it only dates when it becomes an adult. Then it back to the late 18th century. Many so called traditional fiestas have an actual history of only will be killed, usually by having three or four years. The present Government, far from prohibiting such activities, supports and its throat slit and its body thrown funds them as "events of cultural and artistic interest." Taxpayers' money is used despite the fact into the sea. that 80 percent of the Spanish population is opposed to bullfighting. Eleven of these chimps have Many active humane groups, including Fight Against Animal Cruelty in Europe (FAACE) managed to escape this cruel fate. have helped to change public opinion about bullfighting in Spain, especially among the young. They are now at the Monkey World And there is evidence that this effort is working: The Major of Tossa de Mar has publicly Sanctuary in Dorset, England, declared his town the first anti-bullfighting zone in Spain. where they will live out the re- But bulls are not the only animal which suffer. Spain has no national protection laws, and even mainder of their lives in as natural encourages cruelty in municipal "stray clearance" schemes, where dogs and cats are thrown alive a way as possible. The sanctuary into the grinding mechanism of dustcarts or bounty hunted. Strays are routinely tortured: They was set up two years ago by Jim are starved, poisoned, maimed, hanged and buried alive—or sent to research laboratories. In addition, animal fighting is legal and, in the slaughterhouses, animals are beaten to death and Cronin who now has over 90 pri- practiced on by bullfighters. mates there of varying species. Bullfighting, though, is the great flagship of cruelty to animals in Spain; how can a person be They have one thing in common; censured for ill treating an animal when the State supports and encourages the torturing to death all have had traumatic experiences. of hundreds of thousands of sentient creatures for entertainment? This is the black side of Spain, Cronin is willing to take all the the side the tourist is not aware of when he attends the bullfight "just to see what its like". That baby chimps currently "working" little bit of curiosity combined with his admission fee keeps the industry of cruelty in big in Spain. He believes they could business. — Vicki Moore. Vicki Moore is with Fight Against Animal Cruelty in Europe number as many as 100. (FAACE): 19A, Stanley Street, Southport, Merseyside, PR9 OBY , United Kingdom.
18 r bl n r d Severest Penalty Beautiful beaches and a laid back atmosphere make the island for Animal Dealer of Vieques, Puerto Rico an enchanting vacation spot—reachable Animal dealer James Hickey by small plane or ferry from the main island about seven miles of Lebanon, Oregon, has been away. But, says Ann Cottrell Free who brought the problems fined $40,000 and had his li- of the island to public attention, for the thousands of animals who cense suspended for 25 years. live there, the island is a "hell in paradise". For years animal control in Vieques I is the most severe penalty has taken the form of death by disease and starvation or by poisoning, strychnine and ground glass ever imposed for offences bait, and the island's landfill/trash dump—due to lack of an animal shelter—had become the place to against the Animal Welfare discard unwanted puppies and kittens. (See photo.) Wandering horses often die of injury and starvation. Act. In 1987, Schweitzer medalist Free launched a campaign which resulted in the formation of the Vieques Hickey was found to have Humane Society, comprised of a few dedicated local volunteers, but the society struggles with little grossly violated housing, funding and almost no support from the local government. sanitation and veterinary care Despite these obstacles, the society has been able to establish stray animal feeding, adoption, standards, as laid down in the euthanasia and public education programs as well as a low cost spay-neuter clinic conducted monthly Act for dogs and cats kept at by a visiting veterinarian. And the U.S. Navy, which owns part of the island, sponsored a two-week free his facility. immunization clinic in September of 1988. But the island still has no animal shelter, full-time veteri- He had also concealed the narian, animal ordinances or protective regulations. source of his animals by con- Last year, hurricane Hugo's devastating winds put both the animals and their few protectors to the sistently giving wrong infor- harshest of tests. Volunteers did what they could to help injured animals and many provided shelter in mation about them and had their own storm-damaged houses. But the disaster took its toll "Now we are back to less than square refused inspectors and law en- one," says Penny Miller of the society, "God knows what the future holds." forcement officers access to o a io s ca e se o: ieques uma e Socie y, .O. o 0 2, ieques, . . 00 6 . u e his business records. i o ma io ca e o ai e om A ee : 4 00 ames ow . e es a, M 208 6 ( 0 22 8 60.
Alternatives, (continued from page 16) source guides, articles and the Quarterly. impact on students and teachers. Concern animals and on humane science fair proj- A number of chemistry and botany teach- for the welfare of weaker creatures, and the ects to the more than 2,200 science teachers ers stopped by the booth to express their acceptance of responsibility for one's ac- in attendance. support, noting that they had chosen their tions as an individual in an institutional A plastic frog model, student-made current field, and not biology, because of setting, are both qualities which our educa- models of organ systems, and a large poster their unwillingness to perform dissections. tional system should encourage, not penal- display drew the teachers' attention. The Although the death of a frog might seem ize. teachers helped themselves to complimen- to be a trivial matter by the standards of a The New Jersey court decision will en- tary copies of The Endangered Species society which uses many animal products, able concerned individuals to move toward Handbook, with its chapter on humane experience shows that frog dissection in a more humanitarian curriculum. biology projects, as well as numerous re- the schools can have a strong emotional
Animal Welfare Institute i ec o s O ice s I e a io a Commi ee S a Ma e ei e eme ma s C is i e S e e s, esi e A i e e A u a, .M. . Me ico a ick A e , E i o ia Co su a Ge a e a , . . Cy ia Wi so , ice esi e .G. A ikas, .M. . G eece Wi iam Co eau, esea c Associa e Ma o ie Cooke, Sec e a y Am assa o a a ak usai essie es a , u ica io s Coo i a o Ma o ie Cooke osi a Eck, A mi is a i e Assis a C is a e Goug oge . S e e s, easu e a g a es o Commu ica io s a i 0. i A ge a Ki g U i e Ki g om ia e Iia e so , esea c Associa e Sue o i gswo Scie i ic Commi ee Simo Muc i u Ke ya o a m A ima s ee o G. ewe , . Ma o ie A c e , . . a i ica o Ca a a e y e e ma , A mi is a i e Assis a C is i e S e e s e e e y, M. . Go o e o S u i C i e y e u c iso , M s. umi iko ogo a a W a e Cam aig Coo i a o Ai ee ai . a a a O a s, . . Ca y iss, esea c Associa e Cy ia Wi so oge ay e, . . K aus es e gaa , . . e aug o , Mai O e Sec e a y Samue eacock, M. . e ma k G e a i sso , Wi i e Co su a o Wa s , M. . A e ey Ya oko U.S.S. a cy Wei s ock, C e ica Assis a
t A Schweitzer Medalist Revisited In 1977, Yoko Muto was awarded the "More than ten years have passed since being here, I won't be able to free myself Albert Schweitzer Medal for her care and Ambassador Mansfield presented me with from such feelings, but I know that some- treatment of dogs and cats used in experi- the Albert Schweitzer Medal that I little one should do this, therefore I do." mental surgery. A photograph of her with dreamt to receive. In these years I have met U.S. Ambassador to Ja- pan, Mike Mansfield, who presented the medal to her, appeared on the front page of the AWI Information Re- port (Vol. 27, No. 2, 1978). Yoko Muto is a model caregiver who could provide training to laboratory personnel throughout the world because she is so care- ful and sympathetic— in contrast to the situ- ation in many Japanese laboratories. Recent photos of Muto with some of her many animals and experienced their deaths. An End to Discrimination charges show the clean cloth bedding sup- Animal experimentation in Japan is now plied to each of the dogs and the washing improving slowly. Against Pet Owners in Greece machine which is regularly in use to keep "We mainly take care of dogs and cats. Prohibiting pets in housing is " a restriction canine and feline patients clean and com- What we can do for them is to reduce their on human rights", according to Greece's fortable. Yoko Muto hand feeds recuperat- pain and to give comfort to them for their Minister of Health. A Ministerial decree ing animals warm soup which she makes short lives. We also help the discovery and makes the practice illegal in Greece. herself (see photograph). development of new methods for treatment Anyone in a town or city with a population The quarters for dogs recovering from by doctors. over 5000, may now keep two pets, even if surgery remain essentially as they were in "I will make every effort to understand the building regulations prohibit them. 1977, and the same deeply sympathetic and the animals who tell nothing to us." The decree also requires responsible pet high-quality care of the animals has contin- Expressing her feelings to Japan Animal ownership, specifying thatpet owners must ued. Yoko Muto's saintly dedication to her Welfare Society veterinary inspectors, Dr. vaccinate their pets and be responsible for chosen task shines through in the brief Yamaguchi and Dr. Chiba, who , isi labo- "keeping their environment clean and avoid- lines of the letter she recently wrote when ratories for the Society, she said, "It has al- ing noise or other inconveniences to neigh- we asked her to write a few words for this ways been distressing for me to see the ani- bors"—or risk a penalty. article. mals here in a research facility. As far as
Animal Welfare Institute P.O. Box 3650 o o i O g. Washington, D.C. 20007 U.S. OS AGE AI Was i g o , .C. e mi o. 2 00