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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR DAVID S. SMITH Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 17, 1989 Copyright 1998 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Dartmouth 1939 Foreign study Colombia Law School Navy Service in )orld )ar II Sweden 197, 1977 Appointment as ambassador Prior relationship with Swedish leaders -isit of Henry .issinger Briefing staff of embassy Morale problem Stag luncheons Swedish ambassador briefs country team Change in Swedish government Background -isit to 0ermany in 19312s Service in 3.S Navy 5oung Republican activities Eisenhower campaign Special Assistant to 8ohn Foster Dulles 1953 1954 Personnel work )riston Program Dulles as Secretary of State McCarthyism and the State Department Senator Scott McLeod Assistant Secretary of the Air Force 1955 19,1 Differences between State and Defense Overseas Air Force bases 1 Bases in Spain Meeting with Francisco Franco Ambassador to Sweden 197, 1977 How appointment as ambassador came about Briefing for post Political situation in Sweden Swedish television coverage of 3nited States Student groups Embassy staff 8ack Perry as DCM Henry .issinger in Sweden Olf Palme and the 3nited States Sweden and Soviet 3nion Swedish military Foreign Service as a career Council of American Ambassadors INTERVIEW ": Today is May 17, 1989. This is an interview with Ambassador David Shiverick Smith. Mr. Ambassador, you mentioned that you have a few comments you would like to make before we get into the body of this interview. So I(ll turn it over to you. SMITH: All right, sir. Fine. I just tried to collect my thoughts a little bit while driving over here, and I thought that perhaps since there is often public comment about the difference in background or training between career and non career officers, maybe it was in order just to say a couple of words about my own background to show that I had at least a slight knowledge of foreign affairs before I was appointed ambassador. )ith that in mind, I might say that I was a history major in college. I graduated from Dartmouth College (magna cum laude and Phi Beta .appa) and during my junior year took a degree at the Sorbonne and attended classes at the Ecole de Science Politique in Paris. I also studied in 0ermany outside of Munich and in 1939 studied at the 3niversity of MeAico. ": Could you give some dates there) SMITH: 5es, I graduated from Dartmouth in 1939. I studied in Paris for a year in 1938 at the Sorbonne and at the Ecole de Science Politique. Then I spent two summers in 0ermany living with friends and studying both 0erman and 0erman history outside of Munich in the country at TutCing. That was in the summers of 1937 and 1938. ": I was going to say, if you graduated in 1939 from Dartmouth, that would not have been the best years to be messing around in either France or ,ermany. 2 SMITH: No, thatDs true. It was before that I was there. Then I studied at the 3niversity of MeAico the summer after I graduated from Dartmouth in 1939. At that time, Americans could not study in Spain (as I would have preferred) because there was a civil war going on there as you know. That afforded me the opportunity to become quite fluent in French, 0erman and Spanish. I also studied Italian and traveled quite a bit in Italy, so I became moderately fluent in Italian. Then I went on to Columbia Law School, graduated in 1942 and was admitted to the bar of New 5ork. I went on active duty in August 1942 as an officer in the 3nited States Navy. I served four years in the Navy mainly at sea in the South Pacific and in the Far East. Then I returned to Breed, Abbott and Morgan on )all Street and practiced law there. My first position in government was in 1954 when I served for a year as Special Assistant in the office of 8ohn Foster Dulles. Then I went to the Pentagon where I served for nearly five years as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force during the Eisenhower Administration. ": -hat type of work were you doing as Assistant Secretary) SMITH: I was Assistant Secretary for Manpower, Personnel and Reserves and did some Intelligence work. I was actually the youngest Assistant Secretary in the Eisenhower Administration at that time, and I really enjoyed serving as a civilian official in a military department during a period when the 3nited States preeminence in world affairs was unequaled and virtually unchallenged. At the end of the Eisenhower Administration, I returned to New 5ork where I engaged in the practice of law and also had some academic eAperience. I served for 15 years as Associate Dean of the 0raduate School of International Affairs at Columbia 3niversity and founded the International Fellows Program there which was an Interdisciplinary Program designed to encourage young men who were interested in later government service, foreign service or otherwise, to include some studies of international affairs along with their graduate career studies in the disciplines of economics, political science, history or in their programs at the 0raduate School of Law, 8ournalism, Business, or Medicine. I very much enjoyed teaching and preparing young people to have some understanding of foreign affairs, and to prepare themselves to spend at least part of their career in government. During that time, I was a partner in the firm of Baker E Mc.enCie, an international law firm with offices in 19 countries around the world, and part of my assignment was to help open the offices in foreign countries as the firm was eApanding abroad. So I had a rather broad eAperience in international law during that 15 year period. I was also fairly active in international study groups. I was an active member of the Council on Foreign Relations and attended its meetings in New 5ork on a weekly basis. I was also a director of the Foreign Policy Association and later became a member of the )ashington Institute for Foreign Affairs, which now that I live in )ashington I still go to regularly. I also became a member of the Advisory Council of 8ohns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (called SAIS) and still serve as a member of its Advisory Council. I might say that when I later arrived in Sweden 3 as 3nited States Ambassador, I realiCed how fortunate I was to have a wife who also had a good background to serve as the wife of an ambassador. Having been a New 5ork debutante, she graduated from Spence School in New 5ork and from Barnard College where she majored in Fine Arts, and then studied at the 3niversity of Lausanne in SwitCerland, and became fluent in French and Italian. Later she had worked in a large New 5ork advertising agency and subsequently in a New 5ork City real estate firm. So she had not only great grace and intelligence but also very serious academic preparation. ": A very important matter. SMITH: It seemed to me fortunate to have a wife who appreciated the responsibilities of the ambassador and her own responsibility. I might say that I had an eAtra short period of preparation for being ambassador to Sweden. After President Ford told me he would like me to go there as ambassador, we immediately started studying Swedish. The Swedish Ambassador arranged for members of his staff to come to our house in 0eorgetown and give us instruction in Swedish, both my wife and me, on a daily basis until we left for Sweden. And we continued that Swedish study when we were in Sweden. I might add itDs a very difficult language. I had, of course, the intensive briefings that the Department gives to every prospective ambassador. Then I had one great advantage. The .ing of Sweden was coming on a goodwill mission during that period to the 3nited States, and although I was not yet confirmed by the Senate, the Swedish Ambassador knew that I was going to be in Sweden so he arranged for me to have meetings with the .ing and all of his many advisors who were making a goodwill trip across the country. It was a great advantage to me later when I arrived in Sweden to have met many of the Swedish Establishment under those circumstances. I also saw them all again about three weeks later when they made a visit in New 5ork before their return to Sweden. So I was confirmed by the 3nited States Senate and went to Sweden in May of 197,. At that time, announcement had already been made of the planned visit of Henry .issinger to Sweden, the first visit to Sweden ever in history of a 3nited States Secretary of State. It was a return, in effect, for the .ingDs visit here. And since I had been told I would be participating actively in the visit, I felt it was important to call on all of the members of the Cabinet before the Secretary arrived in two weeks. So instead of starting on diplomatic calls, I spent considerable time calling on all the members of the Swedish Cabinet and had an opportunity to get to know them a little bit before the Secretary arrived. I had known the Prime Minister before I went to Sweden by good fortune. Olaf Palme used to come fairly often, a couple of times a year, to New 5ork where he usually spoke at the Council of Foreign Relations and also frequently visited at Columbia 3niversity.
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