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Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation

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Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Christian BUTZKE Professor of Enology Department of Food Science La France Champagne & Burgundy Champagne Bourgogne (Burgundy) Chablis Côte d’Or Côte de Nuits Côte de Beaune Beaujolais La France Champagne Burgundy Chablis Côte d’Or Côte de Nuits Côte de Beaune Beaujolais 250 miles A Recent History of France & Germany 1806 France invades Germany 1809 France invades Germany 1870 France invades Germany 1914 Germany invades France 1940 Germany invades France 1954 Germany wins Soccer World Cup 1974 Germany wins Soccer World Cup 1990 Germany wins Soccer World Cup 1998 France wins Soccer World Cup 2014 Germany wins Soccer World Cup 2018 France wins Soccer World Cup 2022 Germany wins Soccer World Cup Recent History of France Topography of France Champagne limestone-chalk plain Champagne Champagne Champagne Hillsides, Houses and Cellars are UNESCO World Heritage Properties. Brief History of Champagne 1668 Benedictine monk Dom Pierre -1715 Pérignon “invents” Champagne 1816 Mme. Barbe Clicquot “invents” rémuage (riddling) 1919 Versailles treaty protects Champagne 2005 US-EU treaty protects Champagne Global Wine Trade US wine to Europe: $ 518 million EU wine to US : $2,300 million French wine to US: $1,400 million US wine to France: $ 48 million www.fas.usda.gov/data/france-wine-annual-report-and- statistics Champagne Labels 1 Bottle My Judy Really Makes Splendid Belching Noises 2 Magnum Champagne Bottles 4 Jeroboam 6 Rehoboam 8 Methusalah 12 Salmanazar 16 Balthazar www.champagnemagic.com/sizes.htm 20 Nabuchadnezzar Champagne Sabering www.champagnesabering.com Champagne 83,000 acres of vineyards 28% Chardonnay, 38% Pinot Noir, 34% Pinot Meunier 15,700 winegrowers; 300 Maisons “Houses” 24 Grandes Marques “Great Brands” Export volume: 10 million cases (7%) Export value: $2,100 million (32%) Export to US: $ 415 million Grandes Marques de Champagne (1882) Ayala • Ay G.H. Mumm • Reims Billecart-Salmon • Mareuil-sur-Ay Perrier-Jouët • Epernay Bollinger • Ay Joseph Perrier • Châlons-sur-Marne Canard-Duchêne • Ludes Piper-Heidsieck • Reims Deutz & Geldermann • Ay Pol Roger • Epernay Heidsieck Monopole • Reims Pommery & Greno • Reims Charles Heidsieck • Reims Charles & Alfred Prieur • Vertus Henriot • Reims Louis Roederer • Reims Krug • Reims Ruinart • Reims Lanson Père et Files • Reims A. Salon • Le Mesnil-sur-Oger Laurent-Perrier • Tours-sur-Marne Taittinger • Reims Moët & Chandon • Epernay Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin • Reims www.umc.fr Champagne Method Méthode Champenoise = Méthode Traditionnelle = Méthode Classique = Second fermentation in bottle w/out transfer Méthode Champenoise Base wine (Blanc de Blanc or Blanc de Noir) + Yeast Blending (Assemblage => Cuvée de tirage) + Sugar 2nd fermentation in bottle (Prise de mousse) Riddling (Rémuage) Disgorging (Dégorgement) Dosage (Dosage) Cork/Wire Cage (Bouchage/Museletage) Sparkling Base Wines Chalk/limestone soils => high acidity Early harvest => low sugars, high acidity No malolactic fermentation => high acidity => Carbonation + dosage to balance acidity Base Wine Chardonnay => “Blanc de Blancs” (White wine from white grapes) Pinot Noir/Meunier => “Blanc de Noirs” (“White” wine from black grapes) Prise de Mousse En Tirage Riddling Riddling Yeast deposit Plastic bedule Crown cap Disgorging Neck Freezer Disgorging @ 90 psi Dosage Same wine Aged (oaked) wine (Cognac) Sugar Champagne Dryness residual sugar (g/L) Extra brut < 6 Brut < 15 Extra dry 12-20 Sec 17-35 Demi-sec 33-50 Doux 50+ Cork/Cage Champagne Method vs. Other Methods Other ways to make sparkling wine: Charmat process (tank/tank fermentation) Transfer method (tank/bottle/tank) Méthode ancestrale (bottle, no disgorging) Artificial carbonation (tank +CO2) Asti Spumante Moscato Bianco Charmat-Martinotti method Chablis Chablis Chablis Grand Cru vs Premier Cru Grand Cru Premier Cru © Oz Clarke’s Wine Companion Burgundy Chablis Grand Crus: A. Bougros B. Les Preuses C. Vaudésir D. Les Grenouilles E. Valmur F. Les Clos G. Blanchot © Oz Clarke’s Wine Companion Burgundy Typical aromas: • Lime • Green apple • White peach Chardonnay • Flint Burgundy Chardonnay Chablis Limestone soil Chablis Guyot training system Chablis Chateau de Maligny www.durup-chablis.com Chablis Labels Burgundy Côte d’Or(ient) Côte de Nuits Côte de Beaune 62,000 acres of vineyards 15 million cases (60% white, 40% red) 4,800 wine estates (domaines) 115 “Negociants” (selling 65% of all wine) Exported: 60% of all Burgundies Côte d’Or Dijon 22 miles Beaune Côte de NuitsCôte de NuitsDijon Gevrey-Chambertin Note: The word "Nuits" has Morey-St-Denis nothing to do with Chambolle-Musigny "nighttime" but Vougeot comes from Flagey-Echézeaux the Latin for walnuts, Vosne-Romanée Nutium. Nuits-St-Georges © Oz Clarke’s Wine Companion Burgundy Côte de Nuits Grand Cru Premier Cru © Oz Clarke’s Wine Companion Burgundy Côte de Beaune Aloxe-Corton Beaune Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet © Oz Clarke’s Wine Companion Burgundy Côte de Beaune: Aloxe-Corton Côte de Beaune Grand Cru Premier Cru © Oz Clarke’s Wine Companion Burgundy Grand Cru vs. AOC Villages Topography of 1200 ft Burgundy Woods River Saône 600 ft Hautes AOC 1ers & AOC Village AOC Côtes Village Grands Village Regional Crus © Jean-Nicolas Méo, Domaine Méo Camuzet à Vosne-Romanée Grand Cru vs. Premier Cru La Romanée CÔTE DE NUITS: CÔTE DE BEAUNE: Gevrey-Chambertin: Aloxe-Corton: 1.! Chambertin 1.! Corton 2.! Chambertin Clos de Bèze 2.! Corton-Charlemagne 3.! Charmes-Chambertin 4.! Chapelle-Chambertin Puligny-Montrachet: 5.! Griotte-Chambertin 3.! Montrachet 6.! Latricières-Chambertin 4.! Bâtard-Montrachet 7.! Mazis-Chambertin 5.! Chevalier-Montrachet 8.! Ruchottes-Chambertin 6.! Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet Morey-St-Denis: Chassagne-Montrachet: 9.! Bonnes Mares 7.! Montrachet 10.!Clos Saint-Denis 8.! Bâtard-Montrachet 11.!Clos de Tart 9.! Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet 12.!Clos de la Roche 13.!Clos des Lambrays Burgundy’s Chambolle-Musigny: 14.!Musigny 15.!Bonnes Mares Grand Crus Vougeot: 16.!Clos de Vougeot Vosne-Romanée: 17.!La Romanée 18.!La Tâche 19.!Richebourg 20.!Romanée-Conti 21.!Romanée-St-Vivant 22.!La Grande Rue Flagey-Echézeaux: 23.!Grands-Echézeaux 24.!Echézeaux Cote d’Or Label Typical aromas: • Cranberries • Cherries • Wild mushrooms Pinot Noir • Potpourri • Black tea Burgundy Pinot Noir Pinot By Tituss is meant to be enjoyed by all the fabulous Kings and Kweens. pbtbwine.com Grand Cru vs. Premier Cru La Romanée $2,400 per bottle! www.wineanorak.com/drc2002.htm Beaujolais Food Science 470 Wine Appreciation Christian BUTZKE Professor of Enology Department of Food Science La France Bordeaux Bordeaux – Region centered around the seaport city of Bordeaux, the France’s 5th largest city – Situated on the Garonne River about 20 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean, below the Gironde estuary Bordeaux Bordeaux is the largest fine wine-making region in the world! – with about 300,000 acres of 57+ AOCs (nearly 4x Burgundy; ½ of California acreage) – 170+ million gallons of wine annually 5 Major Districts AOCs of Bordeaux Appellations d’Origine Contrôlées 20 miles Important Appellations • Médoc • Pomerol •StEmilion • Graves • Sauternes Bordeaux – Le Bordelais • Best known for blended red wines • 15% of total production is white • Well-drained gravel (graves) soils and mild climate &" %" =3::>?)48:) "" 9(0( =:.@+(2A <?B:) &"'(")#*+)"%./01 $" Mean Daily #" Temperatures !" '() *+, -(. /0. -(1 '2) '23 /24 5+0 678 9:; <+7 !,$*- Data Source: www.weather.com $%&% '()*+%,- ./0(1 '2((3/145(1 Annual Precipitation Data Source: www.weather.com !"# ' Monthly & Precipitation % :)1) >;/?,)3@ $ =AB;* >4;;CA*59;* )*+,-.-$/$-"#(0-#,%+12 # " ! ()* +,- .)/ 01/ .)2 (3* (34 035 6,1 789 :;< =,8 !"#$% Data Source: www.weather.com “Vintage Chart“ Bordeaux Bordeaux Region • “Bottling” (molded glass bottles filled with wine and sealed with bark corks) began in the Médoc district in the early 1700’s Le Château – A “chateau” in Bordeaux is a name applied to a country home, usually a grand mansion, situated upon a vineyard estate of 50 to more than several hundred acres – More than 9,000 “chateaux” in Bordeaux Chateau Chai (Cellar) Vineyards Château Margaux Château Margaux Colloquium on the Effects of Temperature on Wine Quality eProvenance.com Wooden Fermentors Stainless Steel Fermentors 2nd-Year Barrel Cellar Historic Wine Shipments !Bordeaux Extended Maceration !Port Fortified/oxidized !Sherry Fortified/oxidized Burgundy vs. Bordeaux • Burgundy is typified by small vineyards divided into parcels among separate owners • Bordeaux is comprised of vineyard estates (chateaux) belonging to single ownerships AOCs of Bordeaux Appellations d’Origine Contrôlées Bordeaux Region ! The entire region of Bordeaux is not classified in a single AOC ranking ! The Médoc, Sauternes and Barsac, Graves, and Saint-Emilion districts have their own official classification systems ! In 1855 the Bordeaux Wine Brokers Union classified 62 of the several hundred Grand Cru estates of Medoc, Graves, and Sauternes (but not Pomerol) Classification of 1855 In 1855 the Bordeaux Wine Brokers Union further classified 62 of the several hundred Grand Cru estates of Medoc, Graves, and Sauternes only: First growth (6 of the 62) Second growth Third growth Fourth growth Fifth growth Classification of 1855 • Reflected the market's view of the relative quality between the wines in terms of the selling price and reputation of the various châteaux. • Considering the changes over the following years, the classification has held up remarkably well. • Only undergone
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