6.5 X 11 Threelines.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19126-5 - Delphi and Olympia: The Spatial Politics of Panhellenism in the Archaic and Classical Periods Michael Scott Index More information

Index

As in the text, numbers in bold with bold parentheses, e.g., (121), are reference numbers for particular monumental dedications or structures within the sanctuary of Delphi. They are listed in the appendices (A–F). Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

Acanthians ritual procession around the Altis 163, dedication (180),Delphi 61, 103–5 221 Achaian federation see also athletic-victory statues; temple of dedications, Olympia 194–5, 200 Hera, Olympia; temple of Zeus, Aegina Olympia; tropaia, Olympia dedication (105),Delphi 84–5 Amphictyony dedication, Olympia 162 activities during the Persian wars 81 rivalry with Athens 267 Apollo Sitalcas dedication (166),Delphi Aeschines of Athens 133, 170 100 Aesclepius 142, 237 composition of 35, 36, 82, 125 aire, Apollo sanctuary, Delphi 42 dedication (102) following Persian wars, Alcmaeonids, family of 49, 52, 77 Delphi 82 Alexander I of Macedon 87 disinterest in the Athena sanctuary, Delphi Alexander III of Macedon 111–14, 130 activity at Delphi 134–5, 237–8 interaction with Alexander III of Macedon activity at Isthmia and Nemea 244, 134 247–8 interaction with Roman Emperor Hadrian activity at Olympia 212 261 involvement with articulations of Greek involvement in first Sacred War 52–3 community 269 involvement in post-548 bc rebuild of Altis, Olympia 10, 14, 20, 27, 219–28, 229–33, Apollo sanctuary 56 238–9, 240 involvement in fourth-century rebuild of development and dedications 650–479 bc Apollo sanctuary 120–1 149, 150–1, 153–4, 156, 159–60, 162, public inscription of responsibilities, Delphi 176, 178–80 120–1, 129 black ash layer 148, 148–9 rearrangement by Philip II of Macedon memorialising conflict in 170–2 125 treasuries 164, 163–9, 191, 192, 207, 225: role in management of Delphi sanctuary comparison with Delphic treasuries 35–6, 37, 39, 125, 126, 144, 219–21, 163–9, 225 237–8 wells 150, 151, 154, 171 role in management of Demeter Anthela development and dedications 479–300 bc sanctuary 37, 40, 126 166, 181, 182, 190, 187–91, 206, use of Phocian fine 126 207–8 see also Delphi, polis of; Sacred War construction of temenos walls 189, Amphissa 132–3 208–9 Aphrodite 142, 194 dedication of statue groups 193–5 Apollo multiple role of athletic statues in cult 5, 61, 68, 81–4, 134, 137 198–201 in myth 56–9

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Index 349

Apollo (cont.) Athena sanctuary, Delphi 19, 26, 219–28, in sculpture at Delphi 66, 71, 83–4, 89, 92, 229–33, 237 95, 96, 103, 107, 127, 129, 138, 139 development and dedications 650–500 bc in sculpture at Olympia 168 41, 42, 58 sanctuaryofApolloPtoion 70 redevelopment post-548 bc 66–8 see also temple of Apollo, Delphi development and dedications 500–400 bc Apollo sanctuary, Delphi 19, 25, 28, 219–28, 95, 95 229–40 development and dedications 400–300 bc development and dedications 650–500 bc 113, 111–14, 116, 130, 131, 129–31, 41, 43, 45, 57, 72–4 237–8 Eastern dedicators 45–7, 69 see also Apollo sanctuary, Delphi; temple of peribolos walls 37–8, 41, 46, 50, 59, 60–2 Athena, Delphi redevelopment post-548 bc 58, 56–9, Athens 77 61–2, 70–1 acanthus column (262),Delphi 135 development and dedications 500–400 bc attempts to act as ‘hearth’ of Greece 267 76, 102, 104, 108, 109 captured shields (98),Delphi 77 absence of mainland dedicators 91 commemoration of the battle of Marathon burial of dedications 108, 111, 225, 226 80–1, 96 dedications during the Persian wars 83, dedications, Olympia 158, 169, 170, 171, 81–8 172–5 importance of the temple terrace 75, 82, domination of Apollo sanctuary, Delphi 82, 86, 93 96–7, 136, 234 development and dedications 400–300 bc Doric treasury (120),Athenasanctuary, 112, 118–20, 123–4, 128, 140, 142–5, Delphi 95 237–8 eponymous heroes dedication (142),Delphi burial of dedications 120 97, 105, 107 construction fever 127–9 ﬁrst treasury (7),Delphi 49 updating dedications 121–3 interaction with Delphic oracle 237 see also aire, Apollo sanctuary, Delphi; involvement in second Sacred War 100, Athena sanctuary, Delphi; 234 athletic-victory statues; cult of Ge and involvement in third Sacred War 124 the Muses, Delphi; stadium; temple of involvement in fourth Sacred War 132–3 Apollo, Delphi; temple of Athena, palm tree ‘Eurymedon’ dedication (136), Delphi Delphi 96–7, 232 Apollonia return to dedicating at Delphi in fourth dedication (64),Delphi 71 century 135–8 dedication, Olympia 195 second ‘Marathon’ treasury after 490 bc Arcadia (96),Delphi 79, 77–81 confederacy dedication (228),Delphi 116, spatial confrontation against Athens at 117 Delphi 104, 106, 103–8, 116 involvement with Olympia 146, 205 statue-group ‘Marathon’ dedication (97), Archon of Pella 134 Delphi 81 Argos 205 stoa (133),Delphi 95–6 control of Nemean games 245, 247 victory inscription (82),Delphi 77 dedications (167, 168, 178, 182, 227),Delphi athletic-victory statues 101–3, 115–17 at Delphi 111, 125, 132 dedications, Olympia 158, 169 at Olympia 160 interest in Isthmia 243 differentiation of style 161 Artemis 49, 67, 95, 113, 114, 139, 142 early statues 153 Athena 68, 95, 96–7, 101, 113, 131, 137, 139, list of Olympian victors 210 171, 172 mimicked in sculpture of Zeus temple see also Athena sanctuary, Delphi; temple of 185 Athena, Delphi origins of dedicators 162

350 Index

athletic-victory statues (cont.) crown games (periodos)sanctuaries 111, at Olympia (cont.) 240–8 placement around the Altis 159–60, competition between 160 189–90, 197–8, 213 involvement in articulations of Greek popularity of 178, 197–201, 203 community 265–72, 273 role(s) in Olympian space 198–201, similarities and differences 247–8, 214–17, 227 257–60 spatial association 162, 199–200, 209–10, see also Hellenic League 213 cult of Ge and the Muses, Delphi 46, 47, 48, see also dedications; Delphi, sanctuary of, 56–9, 121 games; Olympia, games; stadium Cumae, battle of 191, 192 commemoration at Delphi 191–2 Boeotia 72, 107 commemoration at Olympia 191–2 dedications (206, 209),Delphi 108 Cynisca of Sparta 204 treasury (43),Delphi 60–1 Cypselus of Corinth Bouleuterion at Delphi 42–5 at Delphi (13) 48, 221 at Olympia 44, 152 at Olympia 158, 159–60, 187, 190, 221 Cyrene Byzantium 167 statue of Ammon (299),Delphi 127 treasury (260),Delphi 127–9 centauromachy 185 treasury, Olympia 165, 167 ‘Chapel of Ge’ (10),Delphi 48 Chios Damaretus of Heraia 161, 162, 177 altar dedication (72),Delphi 71 Daochus of Thessaly 133–4 Cimon of Argos 199 dedications 2, 10, 34, 224–6 Cirrha, polis of 41, 51, 52 choices in style of 2, 24, 28, 38, 45–6, 47–8, Cleisthenes of Sicyon 54 49, 50–5, 60, 62–4, 70–1, 72–3, 75–7, Cleitorians 173, 174, 177 78, 82, 87, 91–7, 99, 109–10, 111–14, Cleosthenes of Epidamnus 161, 162, 173, 177 115, 138, 139–40, 143, 144–5, 160, 161, Cnidus 163–9, 171–5, 176, 192–6, 198–201, lesche (139),Delphi 94, 119, 127, 230, 210–12, 214–17, 224–7, 243, 252–3, 232 265–72 trapezoidal statue group (140),Delphi epiphanestaton topon 30, 63, 115 95 experience of 24, 28, 28, 36–7, 143, 144–5, treasury (33),Delphi 47–8 171, 172–5, 178, 200–1, 215, 220, 222, Corcyra 221–4, 226–7, 229–33, 236, 255–60, at Delphi 49–50, 123, 194 265–72 at Olympia 162, 175, 176 fate of 41, 44–5, 117–18, 120, 124, 126, 129, Corinth 130–1, 135, 143, 148–9, 155, 168, celebration of Corinthian defeat at Olympia 170–2, 193, 207, 226–7, 232, 243 168 inscriptions on 44, 72, 77, 81, 86, 90, 92, 93, control over Isthmia 242, 243 115, 117, 121–2, 123, 127, 129, 143, statue of Zeus, Olympia 173 167, 170, 173 treasury (2),Delphi 41–5, 52 meaning of 21–2, 41, 44–5, 73–4, 123–4, tropaia, Olympia 152 130–1, 142–3, 168, 169–70, 171, 172–5, see also Cypselus of Corinth; Periander of 177–8, 198–201, 231, 253–4, 265–72 Corinth placement of 29–37, 40, 48–51, 60–2, 75–7, Craterus, son of 134 78–9, 109, 120, 132, 139–40, 141, Croesus of Lydia 155–7, 158, 159–60, 171, 172–5, at Delphi 46, 100, 124 189–90, 193, 197–8, 209–10, 223–4, Cronus, hill of (Olympia) 146, 148, 150, 153, 243 157, 163, 188 previous scholarship on 7, 8, 10–11, 15, Croton 69, 89, 162, 176 16–17, 18–21, 24, 28

Index 351

dedications (cont.) de Polignac, François 16 reasons for 2, 7, 16–17, 24, 46, 49, 50–5, 72, Diagoras, family of 199 75, 77, 84–5, 97–101, 108, 117, 139–40, Didyma 258 144–5, 162, 167–8, 204–5, 232, 252–3, Diodorus 31 265–72 Dionysus see also athletic-victory statues; individual in cult 59, 140–2, 145, 237 dedications by name; space; tropaia, in sculpture 119, 138, 194 Olympia Dodona, sanctuary of 237 Delos 47, 51, 77, 107, 134, 257, 258–9 Delphi, polis of Echo stoa, Olympia 149, 150, 207 activity in the Athena sanctuary 114, 131, Eleusis 237, 258, 261, 273 130–1, 237–8 Elis, polis of 31–5 dedication, Olympia 162 athletic-victory statues, Olympia 209 political and religious activity in the fifth control over Olympia 44, 150–1, 154–9, and fourth centuries 100, 140–2, 183–6, 205–7, 214–17, 219–23, 224–5, 237–8 226, 238–9, 240 role in first Sacred War 53 Elean Zeus victory statue, Olympia 174, role in management of the Delphic 205–7, 225, 226 sanctuary 35, 37, 39, 44, 219–23, involvement with Philip II and Alexander III 225–6, 237–8 of Macedon, Olympia 210, 212 see also Amphictyony role in building temple of Zeus, Olympia Delphi, sanctuary of 220 183–6 ancient sources for 1, 2–3, 5, 6, 228–9, see also Olympia; Sparta 251–2, 256 Epidamnus 162, 165 early development of 17, 41 Epidaurians 84 games 7, 36, 53, 89, 135, 145, 238 Eretrian bull, Olympia 173, 175, 176, 198 gods worshipped at 67, 100, 140–2, 224, Etruria 225, 231–3 dedications (119),Delphi 50, 69, 90 management of 35–40, 219–21, 225–6 dedications, Olympia 190, 215 ‘medising’ during Persian wars 81 opposition to Etruscan dedications, Delphi omphalos 135, 143, 145 92 oracle 1, 5, 7, 32, 36, 41, 46, 108, 111, 120–1, Eurymedon, battle of 94, 96 132, 231, 236, 237, 238, 240, 265, 266 see also Athens, palm tree ‘Eurymedon’ ‘panhellenic’ sanctuary 16–18, 55–6, 72–4, dedication (136),Delphi 91, 108–9, 110, 218, 227–8, 248–9, 256–60, 262–4, 266, 271–3 Fiske, John 261–2 place in the wider landscape 2–3, 5–6, 25, Fontenrose, Joseph 6 26, 38–9, 87–8, 91, 97, 110, 142–5, 218–28, 229–40, 247–9, 250–2, 255, Gela 165, 167 256–60, 265–72, 273 Gelon of Syracuse previous scholarship on 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11–12, at Delphi 88–9, 99, 124 15, 19, 16–21, 24–8, 218, 228–9 at Olympia 165, 176–7, 191 see also Apollo sanctuary, Delphi; Athena gigantomachy 64–6, 67, 70, 80, 165 sanctuary, Delphi; athletic-victory Glaucus of Carystus 161, 167, 177 statues; cult of Ge and the Muses, Gorgias of Sicily 111, 203, 268 Delphi; individual dedications and gods Grote, George 261 worshipped by name; stadium; temple of Apollo, Delphi; temple of Athena, Hadrian, Roman emperor 260–1 Delphi see also panhellenism, Panhellenion Delphic charioteer see Hieron of Syracuse, Hellanodikai, Olympia 158, 159, 160, 186 dedications, Delphi ‘Hellenes’, community of 84, 260 Demeter 37, 40, 53, 126, 194 Hellenic League 133, 240, 244, 269 Demosthenes of Athens 268 hellenism 228, 260, 263–4

352 Index

Hera 89, 153 Leonidaion, Olympia 212, 239 see also temple of Hera, Olympia Leontini 173, 174 Heracles Leuctra, battle of see Sparta, impact of defeat in cult 245 at Leuctra within Delphi and Olympia in myth 66, 204 Lipara in sculpture 65, 66, 75, 80, 116, 117, 127, dedications (116, 117, 118),Delphi 129, 171, 172, 184, 209 92 Hermes of Praxiteles, Olympia 213 updating dedications, Delphi 122 Herodotus 6, 49, 50–5, 66, 75, 77, 84, 203, 251, Locris 69, 71, 72, 91, 168, 169 267 Lysander of Sparta 105, 107, 204 Hieron of Syracuse Lysias of Athens 204, 236, 268 dedications (128, 131, 132, 134),Delphi 88, 89–90, 118, 120 Magna Graecia 48–51, 55–6, 68–9, 72, 88–91, dedications, Olympia 191, 192, 214 109, 146, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, Himera, battle of 191–2, 200, 215, 216, 218, 233–4, 235, commemoration at Delphi 88, 191–2 240, 243, 247, 253 commemoration at Olympia 167, 168, 177, Mantinea 32, 176, 202 191–2 Marathon Hippias of Elis 210 battle of 77–81 Homeric Hymn to Apollo, 252, 266, 267 dedications in honour of the battle Homeric myth at Delphi 77–81, 96, 97 in sculpture 103, 194, 195, 224, 232 at Olympia 170, 172 homonoia 268 importance of battle in Athenian ideology hoplitodromoi 200 97 Hyblea 173, 174, 177 see also Persian wars Hyde, Walter 153 Marinatos, Nanno 254 Massalia identity 10, 14, 18–21, 81, 82–6, 87–8, 97, 117, treasury (57),Delphi 67–8 123–4, 127, 139–40, 143–5, 175–6, Megara 178–80, 183–6, 198–201, 218, 219–9, statue of Apollo (170),Delphi 103 231–48, 251–2, 255–9, 260, 262–4, statue of Zeus, Olympia 173 265–8, 271–2, 273 treasury (62),Delphi 69–70, 108 Isocrates of Athens 204, 269 treasury, Olympia 163, 165, 167, 168 Isthmia 3, 85 Messenians and Naupactians articulating Greek community 247–9, dedication (147),Delphi 98–9, 196 265–72 dedication, Olympia (Nike of Paionius) 99, cessation of tropaia dedications 193, 190, 195–6, 197, 198 242–3 Metapontum 165, 167, 173 dedications after battle of Plataia 173, 242 Methana 169 dedication after battle of Salamis 84 Metroon, Olympia 207, 208, 225 involvement in the sanctuary of Philip II Micythus of Sicily 173, 174, 175, 194 and Alexander III of Macedon 244, Miltiades of Athens 170 247–8, 269 Morgan, Catherine 2, 8, 10, 17, 18, 146, 257, panhellenic nature 247–9, 256–60 259 similarity to and difference from other Morris, Ian 263 crown games sanctuaries 247–8 spatial and dedicatory development of 241, naopoioi 120, 125, 127 242, 244, 241–4 Naxos sphinx dedication (21),Delphi 46–7, 60 Jacquemin, Anne 24, 100–1 updating their dedication, Delphi 123 Jason of Pherai (Thessaly) 121 Neer, Richard 11–12, 259 Nemea 3, 164 Labyadai, phratry of, Delphi 121 articulating Greek community 247–8, leges sacrae, Olympia 33, 158, 159 265–72

Index 353

Nemea (cont.) his treatment of Athens 230 panhellenic nature 247–8, 256–60 his treatment of Olympia and Delphi Philip II of Macedon’s activity at sanctuary 229–33, 251 247–8, 269 focus on athletic statues at Olympia similarity to and difference from other 231 crown games sanctuaries 247–8 interest in highlighting Greek unity spatial and dedicatory development of 246, 231–3, 261 244–7 order of discussion 229–30 Neoptolemus 94, 120, 127 recent scholarship on 228–9 Nike of Paionius see Messenians and peer–polity interaction 8, 16–17, 255–6 Naupactians, dedication, Olympia Pelopion, Olympia 149, 154, 157, 187 (Nike of Paionius) Pelops 150, 168, 175–6, 184 Peparethia Oenomaus dedication (104),Delphi 84 grave of, Olympia 239 Periander of Corinth house of, Olympia 153, 154, 158, 160 at Delphi 44 Olympia 222 at Olympia 44, 152 ancient sources for 1, 2–3, 9–10, 228–9, periodos circuit see crown games (periodos) 251–2, 256 sanctuaries early development 146–7 Persian wars 83, 88, 94, 108, 147, 170, 215, games 1, 8–10, 147, 148, 198, 201, 210, 214, 229 215, 221, 227 impact on Delphi 130, 234, 265–6 gods worshipped at 214, 221, 224, 231–3 impact on Olympia 181, 201, 265–6 management of 30–5, 39–40, 147, 219–21, involvement in deﬁnitions of panhellenism 226–7 193, 232, 263 oracle 221, 238, 265 see also Marathon, battle of; Plataia, battle panhellenic sanctuary 9, 16–18, 180, 181, of; Salamis, battle of 216–17, 218, 227–8, 248–9, 256–60, Philasians 174, 175 262–4, 271–3 Philip II of Macedon place in the wider landscape 2–3, 10, 27, interaction with Isthmia and Nemea 39–40, 87, 97, 168–9, 178–80, 181, 247–8 201–2, 203, 204, 214–17, 218–28, involvement in articulations of Greek 229–40, 247–9, 250–2, 255, 256–60, community 268–9 262–4, 265–72, 273 involvement in third Sacred War 125 previous scholarship on 2, 3, 7, 8–12, 15, presence at, and use of, Delphi 132–4, 20, 16–21, 24–8, 147, 218, 228–9 237–8, 247–8 see also Altis, Olympia; athletic-victory presence at, and use of, Olympia 208–9, statues; individual dedications and gods 210–12, 239, 247–8 worshipped by name; stadium; temple Philippeion, Olympia 12, 133, 212, 210–12, of Hera, Olympia; temple of Zeus, 239 Olympia; tropaia, Olympia Philon of Corcyra 177 Phocians Panathenaia, Athens 258 celebration of their defeat, Delphi 127 panhellenism 3, 30, 125, 144, 240–9, 256–64, dedications (90, 91, 92, 236, 237),Delphi 270–2, 273 75, 125, 126 panhellenes 260 dedications, Olympia 172, 174 Panhellenia games 261 ﬁne imposed on 126 Panhellenion 258, 260–1 return to dedicating (285, 287, 288),Delphi rewriting panhellenism 265–72 139 Pausanias of Sparta 86 taking over Delphi 124–5 Pausanias, writer of Description of Greece 92, see also Sacred War, thirdSacredWar 93, 94, 125, 137, 150, 152, 153, 155, Phormis of Syracuse 194 159, 161, 168, 177, 183, 185, 197, 201, Pindar 89, 198, 200, 250, 251, 258–73 202, 214, 228–33 Pisa, polis of 31–5, 151, 183–6, 205

354 Index

Plataia, battle of 81, 170, 173, 266 sanctuaries commemoration at Delphi (serpent column as articulating Greek community 7, 18–21, (109)) 85–6, 88, 124 240–8, 265–72, 273 commemoration at Isthmia (Poseidon as physical spaces 6–8, 12–15, 16, 17–18, statue) 173, 242 21–2, 23, 24–8, 252, 253–4 commemoration at Olympia (Zeus statue) as polyvalent resources in the landscape 7, 170, 171, 172–3, 174, 175 233–40, 248–9, 250–2, 253–4, 255, Plutarch 45, 104, 251 256–60, 265–72, 273 Polybius 32, 240 categorisations of 240–8, 250, 254–60, 273 Poseidon 61–2, 94, 107, 173 management of 2, 29–37, 40, 219–21 Poteidanion (47),Delphi 61–2 panhellenic nature of 3, 14–18, 30, 240–9, Price, Simon 271–3 256–60, 262–4, 271–3 Prytaneion, Olympia 157, 187, 207, 221–3 3D visualisations of 11, 25, 25, 26, 26, 28, Pythian games see Delphi, sanctuary of, games 104, 113, 116, 131, 164, 183, 186, 188, Pythian victory statues, Delphi 111, 125, 132 190, 208, 212, 220, 222 see also crown games (periodos)sanctuaries; religion 3, 5, 271–3 dedications; religion; space panhellenic and local poles of experience Sardinia 270–2 dedication (211),Delphi 101 Pausanias’ focus on Greek religion 229, Schultz, Peter 12 231–3 Selinus 165, 167 see also Delphi, sanctuary of, oracle; Sicyon 52, 53–5, 62, 205 individual gods by name; Olympia, dedication, Olympia 158, 192 oracle; sanctuaries monopteros (20),Delphi 53–5, 62, 63 Renfrew, Colin 29, 254–7 tholos (19),Delphi 53–5, 62, 63 Rhegion treasury (50),Delphi 37, 38, 38, 54, 62, 63 dedication (127),Delphi 90 treasury, Olympia 165, 167 dedication, Olympia 169 see also Cleisthenes of Sicyon Rhodes Siphnus dedication (268),Delphi 129 treasury (51),Delphi 11–12, 38, 37–8, 64, Rolley, Claude 257 65, 62–6 Roux, George 221, 258–9 Smith, Roland 198 Snodgrass, Anthony 8, 16–17, 255, 257 Sacred War Sordi, Marta 121 ﬁrst Sacred War 35, 51–3, 55–6 Sosipolis, cult of 207 second Sacred War 99–100, 101, 234 space thirdSacredWar 124–7 previous scholarship on 12–16, 19, 20, 20, fourth Sacred War 132–3 252 see also Amphictyony; Athens; Delphi, spatial analysis 1, 2, 3, 25, 21–8, 252–4 polis of; Philip II of Macedon; macro level of 14, 15–17, 21 Phocians; Sparta micro level of 14, 15, 21 Salamis, battle of 81, 83, 172–3, 266 middle level of 21–8 commemoration at Delphi (Apollo statue by spatial association 141, 162, 177, 199–200, Greek alliance (103)) 83–4, 85, 88 223 commemoration at Isthmia (triremes) spatial confrontation 99, 97–108, 114–15, 84 117, 118, 196 commemoration at Olympia (Zeus statue) spatial development 39–40, 153–4, 219–28 172–3 spatial experience 3, 20, 25, 28, 27–8, 183, Samos 186, 216, 219–28, 229–33 dedication (94),Delphi 75 spatial focus 153–4, 158, 162, 223–4 dedication, Olympia 201 spatial monopolisation 91–7, 137, 138 honouring Lysander of Sparta 107, 204–5, spatial politics 1, 2–3, 25, 123–4, 139–40, 211 219–28, 233–40, 248–9, 250–6, 271–3

Index 355

Sparta temple of Athena, Delphi activity at Isthmia 243 fourth-century temple (230) 114, attempts to become hegemon of Greece 267 129–30 dedications, Delphi post-548 bc rebuild (54) 66, 129 early fourth-century (214) 111 temple of Hera, Olympia mid-ﬁfth-century (150, 151, 152) 100 early development 149 victory at Aegospotamoi (186, 187, 188, reconstruction 154–5 189, 190),Delphi 104, 105–7 used as background for display 152, 155–7, early dedications, Olympia 146, 152 199 fate of dedications, Delphi 117 temple of Zeus, Olympia 153, 182, 183, 186, golden shield dedication, Olympia 192–3 215 grouping of athletic statues, Olympia architectural sculpture 184–6 199–200, 204, 209–10, 213 backdrop for dedications 192 impact of defeat at Leuctra within Delphi comparison with temple of Apollo, Delphi and Olympia 114–17, 205–7 184 involvement with second Sacred War, construction 181–4 Delphi 99–101 impact on sanctuary 189–91 involvement with third Sacred War, Delphi opposed by dedications 196 124 reconstruction post-373 bc 207 struggle with Elis for control of Olympia Thebes 205 34, 202–3 dedication, Olympia 158, 169 updating dedications, Delphi 115 dedications (225, 252),Delphi 115, Zeus statue dedication, Olympia 172 127 stadium promanteia,Delphi 124 at Delphi 59, 227 treasury (224),Delphi 114–15 at Olympia 188, 227 Themistocles 181 as site for display of tropaia 158, 169 Theocleon, Olympia 212 early development 150 theoria 167, 266 reconstruction after 479 bc 187–8 Thermopylai, battle of 82, 267 reconstruction in sixth century 157–8 Theseus 80, 185 Strabo 31, 134, 240 Thessaly 52, 53, 75, 81 Sybaris 50, 69, 163 dedications (65, 143, 144, 196, 210, 226), Syracuse Delphi 53, 98, 115 dedication (93),Delphi 75 see also Jason of Pherai (Thessaly) dedication, Olympia 158, 168, 171, 192 tholos (222),Delphi 113, 111–14, 129 treasury (183),Delphi 105 Thucydides 201, 202, 251 treasury, Olympia 168 treaties 33–4, 71, 167 common peace (koine eirene) 125, 244, Tanagra 158, 169 269 Tanagra, battle of 192, 215 oath of allegiance between Elis, Athens, Taplin, Oliver 263 Argos and Mantinea on display at Tarentum Olympia 33, 202 dedication, Olympia 158, 162 Peace of Nicias 421 bc on display at Olympia lower Tarentine dedication (95),Delphi 202 75–7 thirty-year peace on display at Olympia updating their dedications, Delphi 122–3 193, 201 upper Tarentine dedication (135),Delphi tropaia, Olympia 151–2, 158, 224–5, 93 254 temple of Apollo, Delphi 25, 45, 230 burial of 155 fourth-century rebuild (223) 114, 118 cessation/banning of 33, 193, 232 fourth-century temple’s pedimental development of semi-permanent tropaia, sculpture 137–8 192–3 post-548 bc rebuild (53) 56–9, 65, 66 inscribing of 170

356 Index

tropaia, Olympia (cont.) in sculpture at Delphi 107 memorialising conﬂict 169–72 in sculpture at Olympia 84, 85, 152, 171, popularity 500–450 bc 191–2 172–3, 174, 181–4, 185, 193, 204, 205–7, 213, 225, 226 Xenophon 31 distinguishing features of 174 homogenisation of sculpture 224, 231 Zankle 169 in terracotta 171 Zeus popular choice of 171, 172–5, 195 altar of (Olympia) 214 reaction against 174–6 in cult 159 on coinage 186, 205