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Greece Study Guide IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Alexandria Troas 4 Amphipolis and Apollonia 7 Amphipolis 8 Apollonia 12 Athens 14 Corinth 17 Delphi 37 Heraklion Crete 40 Kos 41 Malta 45 Mars Hill 49 Neapolis 54 Nicopolis 58 Patmos 61 Philippi 64 Rhodes 66 Samos 72 Samothrace / Samothraki 79 Thessaloniki 81 Veria - Berea 94 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 2 Introduction “ In the first century, Christianity was a community of believers. Then Christianity moved to Greece and became a philosophy. Then it moved to Rome and became an institution. Then it moved to Europe and became a culture. And then it move to America and became a business.” - Priscilla Shirer Shaul / Paul went to Greece within the framework of his second and third journeys. It was during a night gourd 49 A.D., when Shaul / Paul, while at Troas of Asia Minor, had a vision in which he saw a man of Macedonia who called him to carry on with his work in the this man’s homeland: Come over into M acedonia, and help us. It is worth noting that this divine intervention, which Shaul/ Paul with his fellow laborers Silas, Titus and Timothy took as an invitation from the Lord to make the message of His Gospel know to that area, was not the first. Their arrival at Troas and, as a consequence, their turn westwards and more specifically to Greece had become manifest on two further occasions during this second journey of Shaul / Paul. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 3 On the first occasion, when the left Iconium, they were prevented by the Holy Spirit from turning eastwards, to Asia, and as a result they finally headed for the regions of Phrygia and central Galatia. As they reached the borders of Mysia wishing to carry on northwards, to the region of Bithynia, the Holy Spirit again did not let them, and as a result they reached the tow of Torah passing by the region of Mysia. “Sailing from Troas, we made a straight run to Samothrace; the next day we went to Neapolis; and from there, we went on to Philippi, a Roman colony and the leading city of that part of Macedonia. We spent a few days in this city; …” - Acts 16:11-12 Alexandria Troas Alexandria Troas also known simply as Troas is the site of an Ancient Greek city that is situated on the Aegwan Sea, close to the northern tip of Turkey’s western coast, a little south of Tenedos ( Bozcaada ), southeast of modern Dalyan, a village in the Eznine district of Canakkale Province. Hellenistic Period First called Sigeia ( According to Strabo ), Antigonus re-founded the city in 306BC as the much – expanded Antigonia Troas with it being settled by people of five other towns in Sigeia, Neandreia being one of them. Even though it is stated in the 4th-5th AD Tabula Peutingeriana that the name was changed from Lysimachus to Alexandria Troas in 301 BC, Pliny stated that in his view the name was Antigonia to Alexandria. Being the chief port of the north-west Asia minor routes, Troas prospered greatly in Greek times, becoming a “ free and autonomous city “ as early as 188 BC with the existing remains attesting its importance. At its peak, the city had a population of 100,000 with Strabo mentioning that a Roman colony was created in the reign of Augustus named Colonia Alexandria Augusta Troas. Augusts, Hadrian and Herodes Atticus influenced its embellishment greatly with the aqueduct still being preserved due to the latter. In its heyday the city may have IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 4 had a population of about 100,000.[4] Strabo mentions that a Roman colony was created at the location in the reign of Augustus, named Colonia Alexandria Augusta Troas (called simply Troas during this period). Augustus, Hadrian and the rich grammarian Herodes Atticus contributed greatly to its embellishment; the aqueduct still preserved is due to the latter. Roman Being a significant port for travelling between Anatolia and Europe allowed Paul of Tarsus to so into Europe for the first time from Troas and then return again, with the episode of the raising of Eutychus later occuring. Before going to his martyrdom at Rome, Ingatius of Antioch stopped by Troas. Byzantine Bishops: Marinus ( 325 ) Niconius ( 344 ) th Sylvanus ( Beginning of the 5 century ) Pionius ( 451 ) Leo ( 787 ) th Peter ( 9 century ) Being given as a suffragan of Cyzicus in the 10th century, it is still unknown when the city was destroyed and the diocese disappeared Troas is a titular see of the Catholic and the Orthodox Church. Ottoman In the 14th century, Karasid Turkomans settled in the area with their beylik being conquered by the Ottomans in 1336, with its ruins becoming known to the Turks as Eski Stambul and the stones were plundered for building materials. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 5 Interesting Facts: ruined bath an odeon a theatre, gymnasium complex and a recently uncovered stadion. The circuit of the old walls can still be traced. Constantine considered making Troas the capital of the Roman Empire. Amphipolis and Apollonia On the way to Thessaloniki, next stop on his journey, Shaul/ Paul will go through the towns of Amphipolis and Apollonia. The Book of Acts does not preserve anything extraordinary regarding these towns. Yet they both enjoyed a highly significant strategic and commercial position right on the road axis of the Via Enatia. More specifically, Amphipolis, the first town through which Shaul/ Paul passed on his way form Philippis to Thessaloniki, constituted the capital of the first administrative unit of Macedonia in those times. It owes its name to the fact that the river Strymon flowed around the city on both sides of it. Archaeologists have discovered many milestones with the name of that town inscribed upon them; this implies that during Roman Antiquity it must have IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 6 been a significant stopping placed along the Via Egnatia. This is obviously the reason why it is also mentioned int he Book of Acts. Today the famous lion of Amphipolis dominates the area of ancient Amphipolis and more specifically the western bank of the river Strymon: dating back to the 4th century A.D., it seems to have been erected on that particular spot either to commemorate an unidentified military victory or as a funerary moneymen decorating the tomb of some prominent dead person. Other important findings include the five christian basilicas (5th - 6th centuries A.D.) and what is said to have been the bishops residence (4th century A.D.), which proves that Amphipolis must have constituted an significant christian center during early christian times. On the other hand, there is no further relevant information regarding the town of Apollonia, apart from he facts that its history begins in 432 B.C. , when it was founded by king Philip I of Macedon and that it constituted one of the most important towns of the wider territory of Mygdonia. It is south of the lake Volvi and at a distance of ca. 30 kim from the Strymonic Gulf, very close to Olynthus, another important town of Macedonia. Today, on the outskirts of the village of Apollonia (Pollina) a simple rock is shown, which , according tot he oral local tradition, marked the point from which Shaul/ Paul preached the Gospel to the inhabitants of the town, when he and his fellow laborers passed through on their way to Thessaloniki. Amphipolis Amphipolis is an Ancient Greek city, later turned Roman whose remains can still be seen today. Being an Athenian colony meant that it was a seat in the battle between Sparta and Athens in 422 BC, with Alexander the Great preparing his campaigns to Asia from here. Three of his finest admirals, Nearchus, Androsthenes and Laomedon, resided here while also being the place where Roxana and Alexander IV, Alexander the Great’s wife and child got exiled and murdered. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 7 Excavations have revealed buildings, ancient walls and tombs with the finds being displayed at the archaeological museum of Amphipolis. Near the Kasta burial mound, an ancient Macedonian tomb has been found and the Lion of Amphipolis monument is a popular destination. Origins Its origins go back to the 5th century BC when Athens was seeking to solidify its control over Thrace due to its primary materials, gold and silver of the Pangaion Hills and the dense forests for naval construction, and the sea routes that were vital for the supply of grain from Scythia to Athens. The first attempt in 497 BC by Milesian Tyrant Histiaeus ended with the colony at Ennea-Hodoi being founded in 465 BC and the massacre of ten thousand Athenians by the Thracians. The Second attempt in 437 BC under Hagnon, son of Nicias, was successful. Even though the Athenian population was the minority, the city was still the main power base of the Athenians in Thrace and the perfect target for the Spartans who easily took over the city in 424 BC under General Brasidas. Thucylides, Athenian general and later historian, led a rescue expedition and ended up only securing Eion and was then exiled for the failure of Amphipolis. Cleon, another Athenian general led another attack in 422 BC and failed once again with the death of both him and Brasidas as a result. Brasidas was given an impressive pomp and is considered the founder of the city, being honoured with annual games and sacrifices. M acedonian rule With the age of Macedonia coming in, King Philip II in 357 BC successfully captured the city and removed the obstacle which Amphipolis presented.
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