DOCSLIB.ORG

International Law in Antiquity David J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Law in Antiquity David J Cambridge University Press 0521791979 - International Law in Antiquity David J. Bederman Index More information Index Achaeans— see also treaties see also Greek city-States agricultural/mercantile interests, 159 leagues and federations, 168 Amyntas/Chalcidians (Chalcis), 161 Peloponnesian War, 161, 163 Athens/Argives, 70, 175, 182 relations— Athens/Chalcidians (Chalcis), 164 Athens, 163 Athens/Egesta, 164 Sparta, 163, 182 Athens/Thebes, 163–64, 181 Trojan War, 228, 245, 256, 257–58 Babylon, 141 Adcock, Frank, 35, 96, 160, 168, 212–13 defensive, 36, 161–63, 172, 176, 177, 180, adjudication, norms, 268–69, 271 214–15 Adkins, A. W. H., 216 Egypt/Hittites, 148–49 Adrastus, 258 Elea/Heraea, 70, 162, 174–75, 182 Aegina, 94, 228 epimachia, see epimachia Aeschines, 69, 131, 254 Greek city-States, 35, 37, 156, 159–65 Aetolians— leagues, see leagues and federations see also Greek city-States military, 36, 161–65 federations, 168 offensive, 36, 159, 161–64, 214–15 relations— Peloponnesian War, 35, 37, 156 Macedon, 36, 198 philia, 125, 159–61, 184, 190 Rome, 118, 190–91, 198, 199, 205 Rome/Carthage, 42, 72–73, 134, 160 Sparta, 181 sanctity, 7 Agamemnon, 57, 250 Sparta/Argives (Argos), 163, 182 Ago, Roberto, 38, 42 Sybaris/Serdaioi, 159, 179 Ahhiyawa, relations, Hittites, 90, 91 symmachia, see symmachia Akkadian Empire— ambassadors— conquest, 22, 23 see also envoys covenants, 65 authority, 102 Elam, 140 credentials, 99–102, 104, 105, 116 oaths, 62 diplomacy, see diplomacy statecraft, 3, 47 embassies, see diplomatic missions Akkadian language, 24, 25, 140, 143, 147 immunities, see diplomatic immunities Alexander of Pherae, 112 Israelite kingdoms, 96, 108 Alexander the Great, 21, 31, 41, 93, 153, 167, liberty restrained, 112 250 Mesopotamia, 100 aliens, see foreigners Near East, 96 alliances— punishment, 91 303 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521791979 - International Law in Antiquity David J. Bederman Index More information 304 index ambassadors—(cont.) relations— religion, 75, 90–91 Athens, 70, 158–59, 175, 182 right of legation, 94–95, 104 Sparta, 163, 182, 253 ritual and custom, 75–76 Aristophanes, 98 Rome, 104 Aristotle, 9, 38, 39–40, 120–21, 183 Amit, M., 178 Arundell of Wardour, 208 amphictyones— Assyria— Amphictyonic Council (Delphi), 61, 69, covenants, 63, 64 82, 169–71, 260 Palestine, 30 religious leagues, 36, 60, 158, 162, 168–71 Phoenicians, 30 sacred sites, 251 relations Babylon, 100, 105 sacred wars, 169–70 State relations, 24, 25–26, 27, 28, 30–31 sovereign equality, 169 statecraft, 3 Amurru, 145 times and places, 2 ancient international law— treaties— comparison and relativism, 4–6 curses, 144 metaphysics, 50, 51–59 formalities, 144 modern critique, 11–15, 51, 268, 271 New Empire, 142 primitive legal system, 6, 7, 11–12, 48 oaths, 62, 63, 143 religion, see religion vassalage, 26, 63–64, 143, 145 sovereignty, 2, 12–13, 274 Athenaeus, 98 State relations, 1–2, 16–47 Athens— universal community, 12 see also Greek city-States ancient international relations, see State alliances, see alliances relations asylum, 121–22 ancient law of nations— burial rituals, 259–60 adaptability of rules, 49 colonial expansion, 37, 92 faith, 7 Darius’ heralds, 55, 57–58, 113 fictions, 12, 48 Delian League, see Delian League formalism, 12, 48–49 foreigners, 121–22, 129 friendship, 135–36 hegemony, 35, 168, 215, 218 Greek city-States, 38 heralds, 98 obligations, see obligations metoikoi, 122 primitive legal system, 12, 13, 48–51, 267 Peace of Nicias, 156, 162–63, 180, 217 religion, see religion Peloponnesian War, see Peloponnesian rhetoric, see rhetoric War single idea, 277–79 Pericles, 178 Andocides, 261 polemarchos, 129 anthropology, moral relativism, 12 population, 33, 122 aramaic language, 143 relations— arbitration— Achaeans, 163 leagues and federations, 167 Aegina, 228 oracles, 82–83, 84, 251 Andrians, 111 Persian empire, 93–49 Arcadia, 163, 182 reason, 82–84, 270 Argives (Argos), 70, 158–59, 175, 182 Rome, 135 Camarinaeans, 216 archeology, evidence, 9, 10, 26 Carthage, 184 archidamian War, 221, 230 Chalcidians (Chalcis), 164, 178 Argives (Argos)— Chios, 164 arbitration, 163 Colophon, 69 Archidamian War, 230 Corcyraea, 81, 177, 213 Peloponnesian War, 158–59 Corinth, 81, 177, 213–14 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521791979 - International Law in Antiquity David J. Bederman Index More information index 305 Croton, 221 Macedon, 36, 38 Egesta, 164 Rome, 47, 120, 247 Euboeans, 178 Persia, see Persian empire Leucon of the Bosporus, 182 sacred sites, 250 Macedon, 110, 181, 225 Second Athenian Naval League, 37 Megara, 254 Bauslaugh, Robert, 36, 40, 94, 160, 161, 218, Melians (Melos), 164, 219–20 251 Miletos, 178 Bickerman, Elias, 184, 188 Neapolis, 180 Bithynia, 43 Persian empire, 55, 57–58, 60, 113–14, Boeotians, see Thebes 157 Bull, Hedley, 16–17, 274 Plataea, 220 burial rituals, 20, 246, 257–60 Rhodes, 39, 276 Samians (Samos), 178 Cappadocia, 43 Sparta, see Sparta Carthage— Syracuse, 114, 216, 230, 250 Hannibal— Thebes, see Thebes brutality, 247–48 Second Confederacy, see Second Athenian defeat, 44, 222–23, 226 Naval League Macedonian embassy, 118 Social War, 39 Macedonian treaty, 185–88, 204 Solon, 98, 121, 122 Spanish emissaries, 104 Themistocles, 92, 111, 112 victories, 44, 116 inscription evidence, 184 Babylon— neutrality, 226 Akkadian language, 24, 25 Peloponnesian War, 184 Hammurabi, 25, 100, 107, 141, 142, 277 Phoenicians, 31, 183 relations— relations— Assyria, 100, 105 Agrigentum, 184, 247 Elam, 107 Athens, 184 Larsa, 100, 141 Greek city-States, 32, 37 Mari, 25, 100 Libyan tribes, 93 Sea Peoples, 28 Macedon, see Macedon state relations, 24, 25 relations with Rome— times and places, 2 alliances/treaties, 42, 72–73, 134–35, treaties— 160, 184, 193, 240 alliances, 141 diplomatic missions, 105, 115, 116, 119 curses, 65, 144 Punic Wars, see Punic Wars oaths, 62, 63, 142 statecraft, 3, 47 touching his throat, 63, 142, 277 times and places, 2 balance of power politcs— treaties— see also State relations Agrigentum, 184 Greek city-States, 35, 158, 159, 168, 214, covenants, 183 216, 275 Macedon, 44, 185–89, 204, 205, 226 Hittites, 27 military leaders, 184–85 modern critique, 17 oaths, 62, 72–73, 183–84 Near East, 28 philia, 184 Rome, 43, 46 practices, 183–89 Sumerian city-States, 23 Rome, 42, 72–73, 134–85, 160, 184, 193, barbarians— 240 see also foreigners Cato the Younger, 115, 269, 270 attitudes— Chalcidians (Chalcis), 161, 164, 178 Greek city-States, 60, 120, 158, 245 China, 3–4 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521791979 - International Law in Antiquity David J. Bederman Index More information 306 index Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 115, 119, 222, 233, diplomatic immunities, 107–08, 119 234, 235, 241, 247, 248, 280 foreigners, 126, 127, 149 colonies, Greek city-States, 35, 37, 92, 159 curses— community— see also oaths ancient international law, 12 Assyrians, 144 civilization, 267–80 Babylon, 65, 144 Greek city-States, 32–33 heralds, 97 State systems, 18 Hittites, 65, 144, 150 comparison and relativism— Israelite kingdoms, 66 correct context, 5 vassalage treaties, 63–65 methodology, 4–6 customary rules— competitive spirit, Greek city-States, 216, see also ritual and custom 221–22, 245, 278 diplomatic immunities, 99, 108–10 conflict management— envoys, 99 ataphos, 260, 264 fetials, 234 dualities, 265 Greek city-States, 38, 40, 56, 58, 80, 85, moral superiority, 209, 263 180, 230 neutrality, see neutrality Hellenic, see Hellenic law non-aggression, 263 norms, 49, 50, 136 peace offered/demanded, 211, 244 positive law, 49 provocative acts, 213–14 primitive legal system, 13, 49, 50 weapons limitation, 246 sanctions, 51, 56 Corcyraea, 81, 177, 213, 228 State conduct, 13 Corinth— see also Greek city-States Damascus, 153 Dorian colonies, 32 Darius I (King of Persia), 55, 57, 58, 66, 70, neutrality, 215 79, 113, 277 relations— Darius III (King of Persia), 153 Athens, 81, 177, 213–14 David (King of Israel and Judah), 29, 153, Corcyraea, 81, 177, 213, 228 211 Rome, 116, 256 de Ste Croix, G. E. M., 38–39, 40 Sparta, 81, 156 deceit— territory, 33 envoys, 91, 92–93, 111 Corinthian (Hellenic) League, 36, 41, 106, treaties, 174, 175–76, 188, 197, 203, 270 165–67 declaration of war— Cornelius Nepos, 109, 112 bellum indicere, 233, 237, 239, 241, 264 covenants— constraints, 7, 8 see also treaties diplomatic missions, 106 Akkadian Empire, 65 fetials, 56, 77–79, 231–41 Assyria, 63, 64 Greece, 76, 212 berit form, 186, 188 Greek city-States, 212–22, 228–29 Carthage, 183 heralds, 213–14, 227–29 covenant thesis, 150–51 justification, 208–27 Hittites, 63, 64, 65 legati, 239, 241 Israelite kingdoms, 30, 60, 63, 65–66, neutral nationals, 229 150–54 redress demanded, 212, 231–32 oaths, 62–66 rerum repetitio, 77, 231–32, 235, 239, 240, substantive provisions, 145 241 credentials, ambassadors, 99–102, 104, 105, rhetoric, 209 116 ritual and custom, 76–79 criminal charges— rotatio, 232 Corinthian League, 167 Rome, 46, 47, 76–79, 231–41 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521791979 - International Law in Antiquity David J. Bederman Index More information index 307 spear throwing ritual, 233, 237–39, 264 obligations, 13–14, 107, 110 Delian League— privileges, 95, 106–20 see also leagues and federations religious sanctions, 110 Athens, ascendancy, 37, 165 Rome, 114–20 dissolution, 181 unpleasant messages, 75 oaths, 70–71, 179 diplomatic missions— relations, Persian empire, 70–71 autocratores, 102 Delphic Oracle— conduct,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
    [Show full text]
  • Theopompus's Philippica
    chapter five Theopompus’s Philippica heopompus of Chios (FGrHist 115) was widely renowned in antiq- T uity for the severity with which he condemned the moral faults of the characters peopling his Philippica. Few indeed escaped the scathing vigor of his pen. Despite his family’s exile from Chios, Theopompus seems to have had the necessary funds to carry out thorough research (TT 20 and 28,FF25, 26 and 181) and did not have to work for a living, but was able to devote himself wholly to his writing.1 Because he was in no need of either patronage or an income, he had the freedom to write whatever he pleased without risk of losing his livelihood by causing offense. It is per- haps for this reason that he was known in antiquity as “a lover of the truth” (φιλαληθης )(T28). We must now determine whether or not this epithet was justified in Theopompus’s use of the past in the Philippica. In addition to his numerous epideictic speeches, Theopompus wrote three known historical works: an epitome of Herodotus, a Hellenica, and a Philippica.2 It is likely the epitome of Herodotus was Theopompus’s earliest 1. A recent discussion of the (very vague and contradictory) evidence for Theopompus’s life can be found in Michael Attyah Flower, Theopompus of Chios: History and Rhetoric in the Fourth Century BC (Oxford: Clarendon, 1994), 11–25. 2. Suda, s.v. Θε π µπ ς ι ς ρ ητωρ (ϭ T 1). 143 144 lessons from the past historical work,3 but all that remains of it is an entry in the Suda stating it contained two books (T 1) and four attributed fragments from ancient lexica giving it as the authority for the use of specific words (FF 1–4), although the possibility exists that some other, unattributed fragments may belong to it also.
    [Show full text]
  • Download The
    THE CONCEPT OF SACRED WAR IN ANCIENT GREECE By FRANCES ANNE SKOCZYLAS B.A., McGill University, 1985 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Classics) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 1987 ® Frances Anne Skoczylas, 1987 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of CLASSICS The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date AUtt-UST 5r 1Q87 ii ABSTRACT This thesis will trace the origin and development of the term "Sacred War" in the corpus of extant Greek literature. This term has been commonly applied by modern scholars to four wars which took place in ancient Greece between- the sixth and fourth centuries B. C. The modern use of "the attribute "Sacred War" to refer to these four wars in particular raises two questions. First, did the ancient historians give all four of these wars the title "Sacred War?" And second, what justified the use of this title only for certain conflicts? In order to resolve the first of these questions, it is necessary to examine in what terms the ancient historians referred to these wars.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Reading Athenaios' Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo: Critical Edition And
    Reading Athenaios’ Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo: Critical Edition and Commentaries DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Corey M. Hackworth Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Fritz Graf, Advisor Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Carolina López-Ruiz 1 Copyright by Corey M. Hackworth 2015 2 Abstract This dissertation is a study of the Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo that was found at Delphi in 1893, and since attributed to Athenaios. It is believed to have been performed as part of the Athenian Pythaïdes festival in the year 128/7 BCE. After a brief introduction to the hymn, I provide a survey and history of the most important editions of the text. I offer a new critical edition equipped with a detailed apparatus. This is followed by an extended epigraphical commentary which aims to describe the history of, and arguments for and and against, readings of the text as well as proposed supplements and restorations. The guiding principle of this edition is a conservative one—to indicate where there is uncertainty, and to avoid relying on other, similar, texts as a resource for textual restoration. A commentary follows, which traces word usage and history, in an attempt to explore how an audience might have responded to the various choices of vocabulary employed throughout the text. Emphasis is placed on Athenaios’ predilection to utilize new words, as well as words that are non-traditional for Apolline narrative. The commentary considers what role prior word usage (texts) may have played as intertexts, or sources of poetic resonance in the ears of an audience.
    [Show full text]
  • Commemorating War and War Dead
    Franz Steiner Verlag Sonderdruck aus: Commemorating War and War Dead Ancient and Modern Edited by Maurizio Giangiulio Elena Franchi Giorgia Proietti Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................. 9 Foreword ......................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTIVE SECTION Maurizio Giangiulio Do Societies Remember? The Notion of ‘Collective Memory’: Paradigms and Problems (from Maurice Halbwachs on) ................................ 17 Elena Franchi Memories of Winners and Losers. Historical Remarks on why Societies Remember and Commemorate Wars ............................................................... 35 Giorgia Proietti Can an Ancient Truth Become an Old Lie? A Few Methodological Remarks Concerning Current Comparative Research on War and its Aftermath. .......... 71 SECTION I WAR MEMORIALS: OBJECTS IN PERFORMANCE Lilah Grace Canevaro Commemoration through Objects? Homer on the Limitations of Material Memory ............................................................................................ 95 Birgit Bergmann Beyond Victory and Defeat. Commemorating Battles prior to the Persian Wars .............................................................................................. 111 Holger Baitinger Commemoration of War in Archaic and Classical Greece. Battlefields, Tombs and Sanctuaries ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thessaly and Macedon at Delphi
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 19 (2012): 41–60 doi: 10.4467/20843909EL.12.002.0743 THESSALY AND MACEDON AT DELPHI Emma M.M. Aston Abstract: The Daochos Monument at Delphi has received some scholarly attention from an art- historical and archaeological perspective; this article, however, examines it rather as a refl ection of contemporary Thessalian history and discourse, an aspect which has been almost entirely ne- glected. Through its visual imagery and its inscriptions, the monument adopts and adapts long- standing Thessalian themes of governance and identity, and achieves a delicate balance with Mac- edonian concerns to forge a symbolic rapprochement between powers and cultures in the Greek north. Its dedicator, Daochos, emerges as far more than just the puppet of Philip II of Macedon. This hostile and largely Demosthenic characterisation, which remains infl uential even in modern historiography, is far from adequate in allowing for an understanding of the relationship between Thessalian and Macedonian motivations at this time, or of the importance of Delphi as the pan- Hellenic setting of their interaction. Looking closely at the Daochos Monument allows for a rare glimpse into the Thessalian perspective in all its complexity. Keywords: Daochos, Philip II of Macedon, the Daochos Monument, Delphi, Thessaly. Introduction Reconstructing Thessaly’s early involvement in Delphi and its Amphiktyony draws the scholar towards the shimmering mirage of Archaic Thessalian history. Like all mirages, it is alluring, and represents something which the viewer wishes keenly to fi nd: in this case an ambitious, powerful, energetic Thessaly extending its infl uence outside its own borders and claiming a stake in wider Greek affairs.1 Also in the nature of mirages, when grasped it proves insubstantial.
    [Show full text]
  • Oracular Prophecy and Psychology in Ancient Greek Warfare
    ORACULAR PROPHECY AND PSYCHOLOGY IN ANCIENT GREEK WARFARE Peter McCallum BA (Hons) MA A thesis submitted to the University of Wales Trinity Saint David in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Wales Trinity Saint David June 2017 Director of Studies: Dr Errietta Bissa Second Supervisor: Dr Kyle Erickson Abstract This thesis examines the role of oracular divination in warfare in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greece, and assesses the extent to which it affected the psychology and military decision-making of ancient Greek poleis. By using a wide range of ancient literary, epigraphical, archaeological, and iconographical evidence and relevant modern scholarship, this thesis will fully explore the role of the Oracle in warfare, especially the influence of the major Oracles at Delphi, Dodona, Olympia, Didyma, and Ammon on the foreign policies and military strategies of poleis and their psychological preparation for war; as well as the effect of oracular prophecies on a commander’s decision- making and tactics on the battlefield, and on the psychology and reactions of soldiers before and during battle. This thesis contends that oracular prophecy played a fundamental and integral part in ancient Greek warfare, and that the act of consulting the Oracles, and the subsequent prognostications issued by the Oracles, had powerful psychological effects on both the polis citizenry and soldiery, which in turn had a major influence and impact upon military strategy and tactics, and ultimately on the outcome of conflicts in the ancient Greek world. Declarations/Statements DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Frances Anne Skoczylas Pownall
    FRANCES POWNALL (March 2017) Department of History and Classics e-mail: [email protected] 2-28 H.M. Tory Building telephone: (780) 492-2630 University of Alberta (780) 492-9125 (fax) Edmonton, AB T6G 2H4 EDUCATION 1987–93 PhD in Classics, University of Toronto Major Field: The Greek Historiographical Tradition Before Alexander the Great Minor Field: Roman History Thesis: UnThucydidean Approaches: The Moral Use of the Past in Fourth-Century Prose Supervisor: Professor M. B. Wallace 1990 Vergilian Society, Summer Study Program Villa Vergiliana, Cuma, Italy 1989 American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Summer Archaeological Program 1985–87 MA in Classics, University of British Columbia Thesis: The Concept of Sacred War in Ancient Greece Supervisor: Professor Phillip Harding 1985 French Summer School, McGill University 1981–85 BA (Honours) in Classics, McGill University Thesis: The Cult of Artemis Tauropolos at Halae Araphenides and its Relationship with Artemis Brauronia Supervisor: Professor Albert Schachter SCHOLARLY AND RESEARCH INTERESTS • Greek historiography (Archaic through Hellenistic) • Greek history (especially Classical and Hellenistic) • Philip and Alexander of Macedon • Greek prose (history and oratory) ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 2008– University of Alberta (Professor) 1999–2008 University of Alberta (Associate Professor) 1993–99 University of Alberta (Assistant Professor) 1992–93 Memorial University of Newfoundland (Lecturer) 1991–92 Mount Allison University (Crake Doctoral Fellow/Instructor) NB: I took maternity
    [Show full text]
  • Greece Study Guide
    Greece Study Guide IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Alexandria Troas 4 Amphipolis and Apollonia 7 Amphipolis 8 Apollonia 12 Athens 14 Corinth 17 Delphi 37 Heraklion Crete 40 Kos 41 Malta 45 Mars Hill 49 Neapolis 54 Nicopolis 58 Patmos 61 Philippi 64 Rhodes 66 Samos 72 Samothrace / Samothraki 79 Thessaloniki 81 Veria - Berea 94 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 2 Introduction “ In the first century, Christianity was a community of believers. Then Christianity moved to Greece and became a philosophy. Then it moved to Rome and became an institution. Then it moved to Europe and became a culture. And then it move to America and became a business.” - Priscilla Shirer Shaul / Paul went to Greece within the framework of his second and third journeys. It was during a night gourd 49 A.D., when Shaul / Paul, while at Troas of Asia Minor, had a vision in which he saw a man of Macedonia who called him to carry on with his work in the this man’s homeland: Come over into M acedonia, and help us. It is worth noting that this divine intervention, which Shaul/ Paul with his fellow laborers Silas, Titus and Timothy took as an invitation from the Lord to make the message of His Gospel know to that area, was not the first. Their arrival at Troas and, as a consequence, their turn westwards and more specifically to Greece had become manifest on two further occasions during this second journey of Shaul / Paul. IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF PAUL 3 On the first occasion, when the left Iconium, they were prevented by the Holy Spirit from turning eastwards, to Asia, and as a result they finally headed for the regions of Phrygia and central Galatia.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper, Not for Distribution Without Permission of the Author
    Working paper, not for distribution without permission of the author. Tonio Hölscher: Myths, Images, and the Typology of Identities in Early Greek Art 1. Identity: Problems with a modern concept in present times and in the past ‘Identity’, in its double sense as an individual and a collective concept, has since the 1970es become a key term of discourse on historical as well as contemporary societies. The notion of ‘identity’ is not only used as a descriptive category of historical and sociological analysis but is also, and above all, asserted as a legitimate claim of individual and collective entities: Individual persons as well as social groups or national populations claim the right to live according to, and to fight for their identity. In the context of this conference, it is the aspect of collective identity I am going to focus on. Nobody will deny the importance of the concept of collective identity: Communities cannot exist without a conscious or unconscious definition of what they are. That is how they can identify themselves. Nor will anybody on principle contest the right of communities to cultivate and defend their identity: We concede this right to the Greeks in their fight against the Persians as well as to contemporary peoples that are suppressed by superpowers or threatened by foreign enemies. But on the other hand, it is also evident that such emphasis on identity is anything but innocent. For there can be no doubt that during the last generation the increasing assertion of collective and national identity has produced an enormous potential of conflicts throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    BOOK REVIEWS 291 children (myself among them) until well into the twentieth century, these objects reinforced and perpetuated stereotypes of superiority and essential otherness. The problem of ancient attitudes towards blackness involves much more than the U.S. after 1776, and untold millions of lost or wasted lives. To summarize, this is a hugely learned and provocative book. It is stronger perhaps in its assembling, reviewing and weighing of evidence than in its assumptions. Isaac is a classical scholar, and his experience of twentieth-century anti-Semitism has both made him uniquely alive to his topic, and led him to look for the ‘roots’ of one particular type of racism in classical anti­ quity. That type of racism, more prevalent or at least destructive in Europe, has left an indelible stain on modem history, but Greeks and Romans were not the only people in the ancient world, and (sad to say) there are other types of racism too.6 Christopher Jones Harvard University Α. Mayor, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, and Scorpion Bombs. Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World. Woodstock and New York: The Overlook Press, Peter Mayer Publishers, Inc., 2003. 319 pp. ISBN 1 58567 348 X. The ancient world dealt with in this book, as explained in the introduction, includes Europe and the Mediterranean, North Africa, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, the Asian steppes, India, and China, and extends from the 17th century BCE to the 14th century CE (25). According to Mayor, accounts gathered from fifty ancient authors provide evidence that ‘biological and chemical weapons saw action in historical battles’ that took place during that period of almost three thousand years.
    [Show full text]
  • Herakleia Trachinia in the Archidamian War
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1993 Herakleia Trachinia in the Archidamian War Mychal P. Angelos Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Angelos, Mychal P., "Herakleia Trachinia in the Archidamian War" (1993). Dissertations. 3292. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3292 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1993 Mychal P. Angelos HERAKLEIA TRACHINIA IN THE ARCHIDAMIAN WAR By Mychal P. Angelos A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May, 1993 For Dorothy ·' ,/ ;~ '\ Copyright, 1993, Mychal P. Angelos, All rights reserved. VITA The author was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1929. He first entered Loyola University of Chicago in 1946 where he followed a liberal arts program. He was admitted to the University of Chicago Law School in 1948 and was awarded the Juris Doctor degree in 1951. He was admitted to the Illinois Bar in the same year and has been in private practice as an attorney in Chicago for 41 years. In September, 1982 he enrolled in the Department of History at Loyola University of Chicago, and in January, 1985 he received the Master of Arts degree in Ancient History.
    [Show full text]