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Ground-based experiments – Via ISS – to remote space International science project Stage One: SIRIUS-17 Moscow, 2018 SSC RF – INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL PROBLEMS OF RAS IBMP management of project SIRIUS Orlov Oleg Igorevich IBMP Director, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD. Co-director of the project, Chair of the Russian steering committee and the Russian program committee. Research and applied efforts are concentrated on advanced projects and clinical and physiological investigations related to the medical monitoring and care of space exploration crews. Belakovsky Mark Samuilovich Head of an IBMP department. Director assistant; chief manager; vice-chair of the Russian steering committee. Experienced in organization and conduction of major international projects in space medicine and biology. Honored worker of the public health care of Russian Federation, laureate of Russian Federation Government prize of science and technique, full member of International Academy of Astronautics, full member of Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K. E. Tsiolkovskiy. Demin Evgueni Pavlovich Head of an IBMP department. Technical director. Expert in atmospheric gas generation and supply systems, safety and EVA suits, integrated life support systems testing. Winner of the Russian Federation Governmental prize in science and technology. Suvorov Aleksander Vladimirovich Head of an IBMP department; MD. Principle investigator; vice-chair of the steering committee; vice-chair of the Russian Bioethics committee. Expert in space, underwater and sport medicine. Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, honoured space technology tester; has awards of the Russian government and Federation of cosmonautics. Gushin Vadim Igorevich Deputy Head of the Department of IBMP RAS, MD. Co-chairman of the project program committee, head of the psycho-physiological section of the project program. Specialist in the psychology of labor, social psychology and psychophysiology. Winner of the Russian Federation Governmental prize in science and technology. Ponomarev Sergey Alexeevich Head of the Laboratory of IBMP RAS, Candidate of Medical Sciences. Scientific coordinator of the project. Specialist in the field of space immunology. Member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics. K.E. Tsiolkovsky. 2 HUMAN RESEARCH PROGRAM NASA HRP NASA management of project SIRIUS William Paloski, Ph.D. Director, NASA HRP. Co-director of the project Leads the efforts on behalf of NASA to develop and deliver research findings, health countermeasures, and human systems technologies to support human spaceflight. Expertise in the study of sensorimotor perforamnce of astronauts. Leticia Vega, Ph.D. Associate Chief Scientist, International Collaborations NASA HRP. Leads all international activities betweeen HRP and the international scientific community Expertise in the study of bacterial biofilms. Lisa Spence HRP US Project Manager, SIRIUS. Responsible for mission planning for HRP science Brandon Vessey, Ph.D. HRP US Science Implementation Manager, SIRIUS. Responsible for complement development of HRP science. Igor Savelev, Ph.D. HRP International Project Manager, SIRIUS. Responsible for planning and implementation of HRP science in NEK during SIRIUS mission. Igor Kofman HRP International Science Manager, SIRIUS. Responsible for integration and implementation of HRP science in NEK during SIRIUS mission. 3 SIRIUS INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE PROJECT About project SIRIUS It is intended that the SIRIUS program will take up to five years. SIRIUS embodies Humanity is standing at the threshold of a new the direction of the national space policy of stage in space exploration – departure from the Russian Federation through 2030 and Earth’s orbit to explore the nearest objects development prospects (approved by President in the solar system, such as the Moon and of the Russian Federation on April 19, 2013, Mars, with the prospect of building decree No. Pr- 906), drafted Russian piloted communities on these planetary bodies. cosmonautics strategy up to 2050 (State The International Space Station (ISS) is the corporation ROSCOSMOS, 2015) and the primary venue to study the impact of NASA strategic plan of sustained remote space spaceflight on human health and performance; exploration (NASA Transition Authorization Act however some human health risks are better of March, 2017). The SIRIUS program will build studied in analog environments which can upon the knowledge gathered during the MARS- mimic one or more aspects of 500 mission, as well as other ICC analogs from spaceflight. It allows investigators to study throughout the world regarding the medical and certain risks associated with spaceflight in a psychological risks humans may encounter controlled manner, develop countermeasures during long duration missions. SIRIUS will seek to that risk, then validate and implement those to find ways for crews to thrive while living and countermeasures on ISS and beyond. working away from Earth for months or years. One type of analog is known as an Isolated, Joint scientific analog studies are essential for Confined, and Controlled (ICC) analog. The the preparation of exploration missions in the crewmembers are physically isolated from future. Roscosmos and NASA signed a joint and have limited communication to the outside statement in 2017 reflecting on the common world. This allows the crewmembers to feel as vision for human exploration. NASA plans to if they are in an actual spaceflight expand human presence into the solar system environment. starting in the vicinity of the Moon using its new Risks studied in an ICC analog include: deep space exploration transportation systems. • Changes in cognitive and behavioral health; Exploration beyond low Earth orbit challenges • Adverse team performance; humanity’s current capabilities in human • Adverse physical heath and performance; spaceflight and will benefit from engagement • In mission medical monitoring, and by the international community. diagnostics; • Inadequate food, potable water, and supplies. These and other issues will be studied during the international project known as SIRIUS (Scientific International Research In Unique terrestrial Station) conducted cooperatively by the Russian SSC Institute of Biomedical Problems (RAS) and the NASA Human Research Program. Together, with partner- organizations and a broad participation of investigators from Russia, Germany, Italy, Japan, and other countries, the project will be implemented in a series of isolation campaigns with increasing length at the ground-based experimental complex (NEK) located at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Moscow, Russia. The NEK is an analog platform with multifunctional segments that can accommodate three to 10 test subjects. 4 GROUND-BASED EXPERIMENTS – VIA ISS – TO REMOTE SPACE SIRIUS Stages of the project: integrated behavior studies was associated with the fact that these investigations were November 2017: 17 days (complete) directed strictly at evaluating the professional 2018: 14 days (dry run) readiness of the crewmember. Moreover, past pursuits of these objectives was complicated by 2018-2019: 4 months an acute shortage of methods and equipment. 2019-2020: 8 months The subsequent SIRIUS missions will focus 2021-2022: 1 year heavily in this area of study. Current hardware and software technologies make possible full- scale analysis of mixed team behavior, physical 2023-2025: Additional one-year missions and mental effects of prolonged exposure to (tentative) confinement, sensory deprivation, monotony, and limited communication with the outside world. This also allows the Stage one. development of countermeasures which can SIRIUS-17 (17-day isolation) be validated in flight. The significance of this SIRIUS-17 was the first mission in the project research cannot be overestimated in light of and served as a test run for the longer duration mixed crew missions and deployment of missions. The objectives for SIRIUS-17 included: planetary outposts planned by the 1) identifying types of investigations most international space community suitable for subsequent missions, 2) lessons learned from the integration of international science process of international participant and science integration, and 3) elaboration of the scientific data sharing protocols SIRIUS -17 began November 7, 2017 and concluded on November 24, 2017. Forty-four (44) studies were completed during the 17- day mission. These included studies on behavioral health, physiology, cellular biology and microbiological investigations; a list of investigations is located at the end of this booklet. After completion of the SIRIUS-17 mission, the Russian and US sides noted, with appraisal the overall success as evidence of its significance for joint Russian-US scientific projects. Lessons from the mission will be used by both sides in the course of preparations for the four-month mission of six crewmembers scheduled to begin in late 2018. Missions with planned durations of 8 and 12 months will follow. Next Stages. Planning for the four-month mission has begun. The long-standing, comprehensive isolation studies of human health and performance completed in the USSR and Russia in preparation for long- duration space flights beyond low Earth orbit were largely focused on testing human operations. However, virtually neglected has been the behavior aspects of humans while in confinement and sensory deprivation, the conditions of which they spend their mission. This
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