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Phytosociological Studies on the Western Sector of Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt

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Phytosociological Studies on the Western Sector of Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 8, August 2018 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com Phytosociological Studies on the Western Sector of Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt AlBaraa ElSaied1, Om Mohammed Khafagi2, Mohamed Metwally1 and Asmaa Shehata2 1 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys) 2 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls) [email protected] Abstract Egypt with its apex in the South at Ras A total of 26 stands representing Muhammed, where the eastern coast of the different habitats of Saint Katherine Protected Suez Gulf meets the western coast of the area, South Sinai, Egypt have been chosen to Aqaba Gulf (Lat. 27°45′N). Its base, in the represent the most common plant communities. north extends along the Mediterranean Sea and Encountered species were collected during more than half of its area is between the gulfes spring season. Species were identified and their of Aqaba and Suez (Zahran and Willis, scientific names were updated. Vegetation 2009). parameters in ten distinct sites at different Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP) is elevations (1770 – 1971 m a.s.l.). Five one of Egypt’s largest protected areas and quadrats were investigated at each stand. includes the country’s highest mountains. This Relative abundance, population density and arid, mountainous ecosystem supports a frequency and the relative importance value surprising biodiversity and a high proportion of and the relative importance index (I.V.I) were endemic and rare plants. The flora of the calculated for each species in each stand. A mountain area differs from the other areas, due to total of 63 plant species from 29 families were its unique geology, morphology and climatic recorded in this study. Asteraceae and aspects. The high mountains of southern Sinai Lamiaceae were the most common families. support mainly Irano-Turanian steppe vegetation. Eight plant communities were identified, Smooth faced rock outcrops supply sufficient Pulicaria undulate, Mentha longifolia, run-off water to permit the survival of the unique Verbascum sinaiticum, Achillea flora (Hatab, 2009). Vegetation of Saint fragrantissima, Diplotaxis harra, Erigeron Katherine has been studied by several authors bonariensis, Chiliadenus montanus and (Ward et al., 2002; Tan, 2005 and Zahran and Euphorbia obovata. Pulicaria undulata is the Willis, 2009). Four hundred and ten plant most dominant plant species dominating six species have been recorded as surviving and still stands, followed by Achilea fragrantissima and occurring in SKP. Compositae, Gamineae, Erigeron bonariensis dominating five stands Leguminosae, Crucifereae and Labiatae were the each. most represented families. The threatened Keywords: Saint Katherine Protectorate, species according to the IUCN Red List plant communities, vegetation. Categories are 51 species: 13 endangered 14 vulnerable, 20 rare and 4 indeterminate species. Introduction Such species should take a priority in any Sinai Peninsula is the linkage between conservation program (Shaltout et al., 2004). Asia and Africa with atotal area of 61.000 km2 Out of the 410 species, 19 species of the (about 6 % of Egypt’s area). For this reason its surviving flora are endemic and more than 115 flora combines elements from these two are with known medicinal properties used in continents: Saharo Arabian, Irano Turanian, traditional therapy and remedies. Several species Mediterranean and Sudanian elements have properties that have attracted international (McGinnies et al., 1968). It constitutes a medical interest, e.g. Cleome droserifolia is transition between the Egyptian Deserts and being investigated pharmaceutically for the those of the Middle East. It is an interesting treatment of diabetes (Khedr, 2007). phytogeographic area as it borders the Many plant species of SKP have Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Saharo- become endangered due to increasing aridity Arabian and Sudanian regions (Zohary, 1973). and human activities. The continuous It is a triangular plateau in the northeast of overgrazing, overcutting and uprooting are 26 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 8, August 2018 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com leading to the disappearance of the pastoral 1. Density plant communities, a reduction of plant cover number of individuals in the samble plot (D): and soil erosion (Hatab, 2003). The SKP total area of sample plot (m2) contains a wide range of micro-habitats and 2. Relative Density (RD): Error! Bookmark landscapes that are a consequence of varying not microclimatic conditions, a wide range of defined. altitudes, and variable topography. The Error! x100 landscape ranges from rugged mountains, 3. Frequency which includes Mount Katherine (2642 m), (F): A Egypt’s highest peak, whose slopes are incised number of quadrats in which aspecies occurs E A by Wadi Rivers. The Wadi Rivers generally total number of quadrats in the samble slope towards the east, in the direction of the x 100 Gulf of Aqaba, or westwards towards the Gulf 4. Relative Frequency of Suez (El-Alqamy, 2002). (RF): A In general, types of communities are frequency of a species in a sample E A x distinguished mainly on the basis of features of total frequency of all species in the samble the plants, including their structure, the floristic 100 composition of the vegetation. Characteristics 5. Abundance of the habitat are, however, also taken into (A): account (Zahran and Willis, 2009). Spatial total number of individuals of species distribution of plant species and communities total number of plots in which species occured over a small geographic area in desert 6. Relative Abundance ecosystems is related to heterogeneous The abundance of one species (RA): topography and landform pattern (Kassas and all species in the samble Batanouny, 1984) 7. Importance Value (IVI): relative density + The present study aims at identifying relative abundance + relative frequency some of the plant communities growing in Saint Katherine Protectorate and species distribution along the study area. Quadrate Quadrate Materials and methods A total of 26 stands distributed in ten sites were surveyed using The Circular Quadrate Method (Fig. 1). At each stand, five quadrats, each of size 5 m × 5 m, one quadrate at the center of the stand and 4 at each angle of Quadrate the stand. The GPS position of each stand was recorded including altitude, latitude and longitude. In each site the floristic composition was recorded. All plant species existing in each site were listed after complete identification Quadrate Quadrate (according to Täckholm, 1974; Boulos, 1999 - 2009). Plant names were updated after (www.theplantlist.org). Voucher herbarium specimens were prepared and kept in the herbarium of the Department of Botany, Fig 1. Schematic illustration for the sampled stand. Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girl's Results Branch). A check list of all plant species is given in Table 2. Density (D), percentage of frequency (F), abundance (A), relative density A total of 26 stands representing (RD), relative frequency (RF), relative different habitats of Saint Khatherine abundance (RA), and importance value (IV) protectorate have been chosen to represent the were calculated for each species in each site. most common plant communities. A total of 63 According to Braun – Blanquet species belonging to 29 families were (1964), Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg recorded. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae with 14.29 % (1974) and Shukla, and Chandel, (1989) in and Poaceae with 7.94 % were the most each quadrate the following vegetation common families (Table 2 and Fig. 2). parameters were calculated: 27 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 8, August 2018 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com Table 1. GPS position of the studied 26 stands including sites, habitat types, latitude and altitude. GPS Altitute Location Habitat Stand No. N E (m asl) Wadi bed S1 28.54536 o 33.93378 o 1779 Wadi bed S2 28.53976 o 33.92829 o 1778 Wadi bed S3 28.53814 o 33.93263 o 1971 Wadi-Alshaq gorge S4 28.53673 o 33.933 o 1778 gorge S5 28.53608 o 33.93362 o 1814 runnel S6 28.53463 o 33.93422 o 1835 gorge S7 28.53256 o 33.93498 o 1836 Kharazet- ElShaq terraces S8 28.52884 o 33.9427 o 1828 Elgabal Elahmar gorge S9 28.5293 o 33.93784 o 1778 Elharezy Wadi bed S10 28.53755 o 33.92836 o 1875 gorge S11 28.53939 o 33.9257 o 1841 Elzawitin Wadi bed S12 28.54028 o 33.92353 o 1846 gorge S13 28.54918 o 33.87835 o 1867 Wadi bed S14 28.54818 o 33.87849 o 1772 Eltibk Wadi bed S15 28.54536 o 33.93378 o 1793 gorge S16 28.54709 o 33.87911 o 1776 Selebat Wadi bed S17 28.54625 o 33.87882 o 1770 Farsh S18 28.54966 o 33.88023 o 1784 Farsh S19 28.54135 o 33.88171 o 1791 Farsh Elromana Farsh S20 28.53983 o 33.88227 o 1794 Farsh S21 28.53643 o 33.886 o 1806 Farsh S22 28.53309 o 33.88412 o 1809 Wadi bed S23 28.53054 o 33.88769 o 1817 Ma‘aroffiaa Wadi bed S24 28.52878 o 33.8809 o 1821 Slope S25 28.53312 o 33.96494 o 1879 Abu Walei Runnel S26 28.53429 o 33.91142 o 1869 28 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 5 Issue 8, August 2018 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com Map 1. Shows GPS position of the studied 26 stands. Table (2) List of species and their families recorded in the 26 stands of the study area No. Species name Family Arabic name ﻗﯿﺼﻮم Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. Asteraceae 1 ﺧﻄﻤﯿﺔ Alcea rosea L. Malvaceae 2 ﻋﻘﻮل Alhagi graecorum Boiss. Fabaceae 3 اﻟﻠﺒﯿﺪ Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. Boraginaceae 4 أرﻓﯿﺠﮫ, رﻓﯿﻌﺔ Anarrhinum pubescens Fresen. Scrophulariaceae 5 ﺣﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺮى Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss Apocynaceae 6 ﻋﻘﻮل ﺑﺮي, ھﻠﯿﻮن Asparagus stipularis Forssk.
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