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Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work. -
Collaborative Management Models in Africa
Collaborative Management Models in Africa Peter Lindsey Mujon Baghai Introduction to the context behind the development of and rationale for CMPs in Africa Africa’s PAs represent potentially priceless assets due to the environmental services they provide and for their potential economic value via tourism However, the resources allocated for management of PAs are far below what is needed in most countries to unlock their potential A study in progress indicates that of 22 countries assessed, half have average PA management budgets of <10% of what is needed for effective management (Lindsey et al. in prep) This means that many countries will lose their wildlife assets before ever really being able to benefit from them So why is there such under-investment? Two big reasons - a) competing needs and overall budget shortages; b) a high burden of PAs relative to wealth However, in some cases underinvestment may be due to: ● Misconceptions that PAs can pay for themselves on a park level ● Lack of appreciation among policy makers that PAs need investment to yield economic dividends This mistake has grave consequences… This means that in most countries, PA networks are not close to delivering their potential: • Economic value • Social value • Ecological value Africa’s PAs are under growing pressure from an array of threats Ed Sayer ProtectedInsights areas fromare becoming recent rapidly research depleted in many areas There is a case for elevated support for Africa’s PA network from African governments But also a case for greater investment from -
A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)
Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, and Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2020. A phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Phytoneuron 2020-81: 1–13. Published 18 November 2020. ISSN 2153 733 A PHYLOGENY OF THE HUBBARDOCHLOINAE INCLUDING TETRACHAETE (CYNODONTEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: POACEAE) PAUL M. PETERSON AND KONSTANTIN ROMASCHENKO Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected]; [email protected] YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA Durango, C.P. 34220, México [email protected] ABSTRACT The phylogeny of subtribe Hubbardochloinae is revisited, here with the inclusion of the monotypic genus Tetrachaete, based on a molecular DNA analysis using ndhA intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, rps16- trnK, and ITS markers. Tetrachaete elionuroides is aligned within the Hubbardochloinae and is sister to Dignathia. The biogeography of the Hubbardochloinae is discussed, its origin likely in Africa or temperate Asia. In a previous molecular DNA phylogeny (Peterson et al. 2016), the subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquier [Bewsia Gooss., Dignathia Stapf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Hubbardochloa Auquier, Leptocarydion Hochst. ex Stapf, Leptothrium Kunth, and Lophacme Stapf] was found in a clade with moderate support (BS = 75, PP = 1.00) sister to the Farragininae P.M. Peterson et al. In the present study, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. is included in a phylogenetic analysis (using ndhA intron, rpl32- trnL, rps16 intron, rps16-trnK, and ITS DNA markers) in order to test its relationships within the Cynodonteae with heavy sampling of species in the supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch. Chiovenda (1903) described Tetrachaete Chiov. with a with single species, T. -
Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae) David J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 27 | Issue 1 Article 3 2009 Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae) David J. Hearn University of Arizona, Tucson Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hearn, David J. (2009) "Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 27: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol27/iss1/3 Aliso, 27, pp. 13–38 ’ 2009, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF ANATOMICAL DIVERSIFICATION IN ADENIA (PASSIFLORACEAE) DAVID J. HEARN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT To understand evolutionary patterns and processes that account for anatomical diversity in relation to ecology and life form diversity, anatomy of storage roots and stems of the genus Adenia (Passifloraceae) were analyzed using an explicit phylogenetic context. Over 65,000 measurements are reported for 47 quantitative and qualitative traits from 58 species in the genus. Vestiges of lianous ancestry were apparent throughout the group, as treelets and lianous taxa alike share relatively short, often wide, vessel elements with simple, transverse perforation plates, and alternate lateral wall pitting; fibriform vessel elements, tracheids associated with vessels, and libriform fibers as additional tracheary elements; and well-developed axial parenchyma. Multiple cambial variants were observed, including anomalous parenchyma proliferation, anomalous vascular strands, successive cambia, and a novel type of intraxylary phloem. -
Evolução Cromossômica Em Plantas De Inselbergues Com Ênfase Na Família Apocynaceae Juss. Angeline Maria Da Silva Santos
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA CAMPUS II – AREIA-PB Evolução cromossômica em plantas de inselbergues com ênfase na família Apocynaceae Juss. Angeline Maria Da Silva Santos AREIA - PB AGOSTO 2017 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRONOMIA CAMPUS II – AREIA-PB Evolução cromossômica em plantas de inselbergues com ênfase na família Apocynaceae Juss. Angeline Maria Da Silva Santos Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leonardo Pessoa Felix Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus II Areia-PB, como parte integrante dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Agronomia. AREIA - PB AGOSTO 2017 Catalogação na publicação Seção de Catalogação e Classificação S237e Santos, Angeline Maria da Silva. Evolução cromossômica em plantas de inselbergues com ênfase na família Apocynaceae Juss. / Angeline Maria da Silva Santos. - Areia, 2017. 137 f. : il. Orientação: Leonardo Pessoa Felix. Tese (Doutorado) - UFPB/CCA. 1. Afloramentos. 2. Angiospermas. 3. Citogenética. 4. CMA/DAPI. 5. Ploidia. I. Felix, Leonardo Pessoa. II. Título. UFPB/CCA-AREIA A Deus, pela presença em todos os momentos da minha vida, guiando-me a cada passo dado. À minha família Dedico esta conquista aos meus pais Maria Geovânia da Silva Santos e Antonio Belarmino dos Santos (In Memoriam), irmãos Aline Santos e Risomar Nascimento, tios Josimar e Evania Oliveira, primos Mayara Oliveira e Francisco Favaro, namorado José Lourivaldo pelo amor a mim concedido e por me proporcionarem paz na alma e felicidade na vida. Em especial à minha mãe e irmãos por terem me ensinado a descobrir o valor da disciplina, da persistência e da responsabilidade, indispensáveis para a construção e conquista do meu projeto de vida. -
African Parks 2 African Parks
African Parks 2 African Parks African Parks is a non-profit conservation organisation that takes on the total responsibility for the rehabilitation and long-term management of national parks in partnership with governments and local communities. By adopting a business approach to conservation, supported by donor funding, we aim to rehabilitate each park making them ecologically, socially and financially sustainable in the long-term. Founded in 2000, African Parks currently has 15 parks under management in nine countries – Benin, Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda and Zambia. More than 10.5 million hectares are under our protection. We also maintain a strong focus on economic development and poverty alleviation in neighbouring communities, ensuring that they benefit from the park’s existence. Our goal is to manage 20 parks by 2020, and because of the geographic spread and representation of different ecosystems, this will be the largest and the most ecologically diverse portfolio of parks under management by any one organisation across Africa. Black lechwe in Bangweulu Wetlands in Zambia © Lorenz Fischer The Challenge The world’s wild and functioning ecosystems are fundamental to the survival of both people and wildlife. We are in the midst of a global conservation crisis resulting in the catastrophic loss of wildlife and wild places. Protected areas are facing a critical period where the number of well-managed parks is fast declining, and many are simply ‘paper parks’ – they exist on maps but in reality have disappeared. The driving forces of this conservation crisis is the human demand for: 1. -
Parallel Loss of Introns in the ABCB1 Gene in Angiosperms Rajiv K
Parvathaneni et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:238 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1077-x RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Parallel loss of introns in the ABCB1 gene in angiosperms Rajiv K. Parvathaneni1,5†, Victoria L. DeLeo2,6†, John J. Spiekerman3, Debkanta Chakraborty4 and Katrien M. Devos1,3,4* Abstract Background: The presence of non-coding introns is a characteristic feature of most eukaryotic genes. While the size of the introns, number of introns per gene and the number of intron-containing genes can vary greatly between sequenced eukaryotic genomes, the structure of a gene with reference to intron presence and positions is typically conserved in closely related species. Unexpectedly, the ABCB1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1) gene which encodes a P-glycoprotein and underlies dwarfing traits in maize (br2), sorghum (dw3) and pearl millet (d2) displayed considerable variation in intron composition. Results: An analysis of the ABCB1 genestructurein80angiospermsrevealedthatthenumberofintrons ranged from one to nine. All introns in ABCB1 underwent either a one-time loss (single loss in one lineage/ species) or multiple independent losses (parallel loss in two or more lineages/species) with the majority of losses occurring within the grass family. In contrast, the structure of the closest homolog to ABCB1, ABCB19, remained constant in the majority of angiosperms analyzed. Using known phylogenetic relationships within the grasses, we determined the ancestral branch-points where the losses occurred. Intron 7, the longest intron, was lost in only a single species, Mimulus guttatus, following duplication of ABCB1. Semiquantitative PCR showed that the M. guttatus ABCB1 gene copy without intron 7 had significantly lower transcript levels than the gene copy with intron 7. -
Guidelines for Using the Checklist
Guidelines for using the checklist Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy N 9900720 Synonyms: Andropogon excavatus Hochst. 47 Common names: Breëblaarterpentyngras A; Broad-leaved turpentine grass E; Breitblättriges Pfeffergras G; dukwa, heng’ge, kamakama (-si) J Life form: perennial Abundance: uncommon to locally common Habitat: various Distribution: southern Africa Notes: said to smell of turpentine hence common name E2 Uses: used as a thatching grass E3 Cited specimen: Giess 3152 Reference: 37; 47 Botanical Name: The grasses are arranged in alphabetical or- Rukwangali R der according to the currently accepted botanical names. This Shishambyu Sh publication updates the list in Craven (1999). Silozi L Thimbukushu T Status: The following icons indicate the present known status of the grass in Namibia: Life form: This indicates if the plant is generally an annual or G Endemic—occurs only within the political boundaries of perennial and in certain cases whether the plant occurs in water Namibia. as a hydrophyte. = Near endemic—occurs in Namibia and immediate sur- rounding areas in neighbouring countries. Abundance: The frequency of occurrence according to her- N Endemic to southern Africa—occurs more widely within barium holdings of specimens at WIND and PRE is indicated political boundaries of southern Africa. here. 7 Naturalised—not indigenous, but growing naturally. < Cultivated. Habitat: The general environment in which the grasses are % Escapee—a grass that is not indigenous to Namibia and found, is indicated here according to Namibian records. This grows naturally under favourable conditions, but there are should be considered preliminary information because much usually only a few isolated individuals. -
Lateral Transfers of Large DNA Fragments Spread Functional Genes Among Grasses
Lateral transfers of large DNA fragments spread functional genes among grasses Luke T. Dunninga, Jill K. Olofssona, Christian Parisodb, Rimjhim Roy Choudhuryb, Jose J. Moreno-Villenaa,1, Yang Yangc, Jacqueline Dionorad, W. Paul Quicka,d, Minkyu Parke, Jeffrey L. Bennetzene, Guillaume Besnardf, Patrik Nosila, Colin P. Osbornea, and Pascal-Antoine Christina,2 aAnimal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, United Kingdom; bInstitute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; cKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204 Yunnan, China; dSystems Physiology Cluster, International Rice Research Institute, 1301 Metro Manila, Philippines; eDepartment of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; and fLaboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174), CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, F-31062 Toulouse, France Edited by Jeffrey D. Palmer, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, and approved January 17, 2019 (received for review June 11, 2018) A fundamental tenet of multicellular eukaryotic evolution is that ticellular eukaryotes, convincing cases exist where genes of adaptive vertical inheritance is paramount, with natural selection acting on significance have been transferred (e.g., refs. 3, 16, and 17). Among genetic variants transferred from parents to offspring. This lineal plants, most known LGTs concern mitochondrial genes (18–21) process means that an organism’s adaptive potential can be restricted and/or parasitic interactions -
Magnoliophyta, Arly National Park, Tapoa, Burkina Faso Pecies S 1 2, 3, 4* 1 3, 4 1
ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution Magnoliophyta, Arly National Park, Tapoa, Burkina Faso PECIES S 1 2, 3, 4* 1 3, 4 1 OF Oumarou Ouédraogo , Marco Schmidt , Adjima Thiombiano , Sita Guinko and Georg Zizka 2, 3, 4 ISTS L , Karen Hahn 1 Université de Ouagadougou, Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, UFR/SVT. 03 09 B.P. 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso. 2 Senckenberg Research Institute, Department of Botany and molecular Evolution. Senckenberganlage 25, 60325. Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3 J.W. Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity. Siesmayerstr. 70, 60054. Frankfurt am Main, Germany * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325. Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Abstract: The Arly National Park of southeastern Burkina Faso is in the center of the WAP complex, the largest continuous unexplored until recently. The plant species composition is typical for sudanian savanna areas with a high share of grasses andsystem legumes of protected and similar areas toin otherWest Africa.protected Although areas wellof the known complex, for its the large neighbouring mammal populations, Pama reserve its andflora W has National largely Park.been Sahel reserve. The 490 species belong to 280 genera and 83 families. The most important life forms are phanerophytes and therophytes.It has more species in common with the classified forest of Kou in SW Burkina Faso than with the geographically closer Introduction vegetation than the surrounding areas, where agriculture For Burkina Faso, only very few comprehensive has encroached on savannas and forests and tall perennial e.g., grasses almost disappeared, so that its borders are even Guinko and Thiombiano 2005; Ouoba et al. -
14 Chapman.Qxd
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hemeroteca Cientifica Catalana INTERNATL MICROBIOL (1998) 1:319–326 319 © Springer-Verlag Ibérica 1998 REVIEW ARTICLE Michael J. Chapman1 Lynn Margulis2 Morphogenesis by symbiogenesis 1 Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA 2 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Received 20 May 1998 Summary Here we review cases where initiation of morphogenesis, including Accepted 30 June 1998 the differentiation of specialized cells and tissues, has clearly evolved due to cyclical symbiont integration. For reasons of space, our examples are drawn chiefly from the plant, fungal and bacterial kingdoms. Partners live in symbioses and show unique morphological specializations that result when they directly and cyclically interact. We include here brief citations to relevant literature where plant, bacterial or fungal partners alternate independent with entirely integrated living. The independent, or at least physically unassociated stages, are correlated with the appearance of distinctive morphologies that can be traced to the simultaneous presence and strong interaction Correspondence to: of the plant with individuals that represent different taxa. Michael J. Chapman. Department of Biology. Clark University. Worcester. 01610 MA. USA. Tel.: +1-508-7937107. Fax: +1-508-7938861. Key words Azolla · Geosiphon · Gunnera · Symbiospecific morphology · Symbiont- E-mail: [email protected] induced tissue in dicotyledons, (III) fungi as symbionts, and (IV) symbiont- Introduction induced histogenesis (ant plants). We argue that “symbiogenesis,” an evolutionary concept, has Table 1 Cyclical symbioses been applied to the concept of evolutionary change less Holobiont Plant or fungal taxon Cyclical biont frequently than warranted. -
Water Ferns: Their Origin and Spread
TWENTIETH SI~ ALBERT CHARLES SEWARD MEMORIAL LECTURE 1972 WATER FERNS: THEIR ORIGIN AND SPREAD BY T. S. MAHABALE Professor of Botany, Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Poona (India). Published by BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY LUCKNOW ISSUED 1974 WATER FERNS: THEIR ORIGIN AND SPREAD BY T. s. MAHABALE Professor of B:Jtany, Maharashtra Ass:Jciation for the Cultivation of Science, Poona (India). Published by BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY LUCKNOW TWENTIETH SIR ALBERT CHARLES SEWARD MEMORIAL LECTURE VvATER FERNS: THEIR ORIGIN AND SPREAD T. s. l\IAHABALE MR. CHAIRMAN, COLLEAGUES, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN FEEL honoured by the invitation, that water is the very life itself, ']eevan' authorities of this Institute have ex as it is called in Sanskrit. No plant life I tended to me, to deliver the 20th as far as our present knowledge of Exo Memorial Lecture in the name of late Sir biology goes, exists without water. The Albcrt Charles Seward, my Profcssor's pro search is on, and one would know in future, fessor. I feel it all the more, because it whether there is anything similar to it on is here that I had my early lessons in other planets now, or had it in the distant Palaeobotany at the hands of Professor past. Various plant communities have ari Birbah Sahni, F.R.S. after whom this sen in water, prospered and have even Institute has been named. Work of it become extinct since ages. Some others has now increased many-fold under the have migrated to land taking temporary leadership of its present Chairman and shelter on the littoral zone, or on the banks active cooperation of highly trained workers, of rivers and margins of lakes.