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Graduate Program in Community and Regional Fall 2010 School of , University of

CRP 980X Sec 1: MW 11:00-12:30 Planning History and Theory Sec 2: MW 4:00-5:30 Unique #: 01380/01385 Sutton 2.114

Professor Elizabeth Mueller Teaching Assistant: Gina Casey Office: Sutton Hall 4.114 Office: Sutton 3.114 Office hours: TBA Office hours: TBA Tel. 471-1151 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Course Description This course is required for all students enrolled in the Master's degree program in Community and . It is the first part of a three-semester sequence that will introduce you to planning principles and practice (the second semester focuses on planning methods, and the third semester is an integrative planning workshop). The goal of this first course is to help you understand the evolution of urban and regional planning and the changing concepts that have guided this evolution.

In Western democratic societies, planners are duty bound to serve the "public interest", be concerned with long-range consequences of current actions, and understand the complex interconnections between economics, transportation, environment, , social equity, infrastructure, etc. At the same time, other powerful political and market processes are at work that often confound these duties for good or ill. Planners have been often criticized throughout the history of their profession, and yet the need for planning has been consistently recognized. In studying the history of planning, students will understand the development of the dynamic tension between planning and democracy, the various responses that have been proposed, and planning failures and successes. Within this historical context, we will explore the development of theories about how we ought to plan. Despite apparent changes in approach over time, we will identify consistent tensions and debates surrounding the role of planning and planners, and the ethical obligations of planners. We will focus primarily on American planning history, but will pay some attention to planning in other countries.

The course schedule, including additional (optional) readings and resources and details on assignments can be found online at: https://webspace.utexas.edu/ejm1209/CRP980x/

Required Texts:

Scott Campbell and Susan Fainstein. 2003. Readings in Planning Theory. (2nd Edition) Oxford: Blackwell.

LeGates, Richard and Frederic Stout, eds. 2007. The Reader (4th edition). Routledge.

Additional readings will be made available on Electronic Reserves (http://reserves.lib.utexas.edu/courseindex.asp). These will be denoted by an (e) in the syllabus. The course password is ‘mueller’. Please report any problems with Electronic Reserves to the library administrator and to the instructor. Other readings, available on the internet, are indicated by an *. Go to the course website and follow the web link. Course Requirements: Course work will consist primarily of discussions of reading assignments in class, two take home essay exams, two group research exercises, and a series of class exercises. There will be fairly heavy reading assignments every week, and you are expected to complete reading assignments for class discussion and to participate actively in class discussion and debate. We will use the course blackboard site to post answers to exercises and to communicate about group projects. To find the blackboard site, go to www.courses.utexas.edu and login using your UT eid.

Details on assignments will be handed out in class and posted on the course website.

Due Dates: Aug 27 Send team preference to TA by 5pm Sept 6 Exercise: post key questions planning should address on blackboard by 8pm Sept 20 Team meetings with instructor about planning workshops Oct 1 Post theme overview and criteria on blackboard by 5pm Oct 4 In-class planning workshop – Oct 13 Mid-term due by 11am (email to TA by deadline, bring hard copy to class) Oct 26 Exercise: send public space image to TA by 5pm Nov 8 In-class planning workshop –Austin Nov 23 Vote on public images by 5pm Dec 10 Final exam due by 5pm

Grading: Please familiarize yourself with UT Austin's Academic Integrity policies http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/acint_student.php

Your grade will be based on the following:

*Class participation and attendance: 15 points Class participation will be based on class attendance and active and informed participation in class discussion. It will also include two class exercises. *Mid-term essay exam: 25 points *Final essay exam: 30 points *2 Group workshops -15 points each 30 points

Grading will be decided as follows: · 94-100 A · 90-93 A- · 87-89 B+ · 83-86 B · 80-82 B-

COURSE SCHEDULE AND READINGS: [SEE COURSE WEBSITE FOR ADDITIONAL READINGS AND RESOURCES FOR EACH WEEK]

First class: Wednesday, August 25 Introduction to the course

Send team preference to TA by 5pm Friday, August 27

Monday August 30 Viewing planning through an historical lens: benefits and challenges Why history matters to practice

Sies, Mary Corbin and Christopher Silver. 1996. “Introduction: The History of Planning History” in M.C. Sies and C. Silver, eds., Planning the Twentieth-Century American City. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 1-26. (e)

Abbott, Carl and Sy Adler. 1989. “Historical Analysis as a Planning Tool,” APA Journal, (Autumn): 467- 473. (e)

Sandercock, Leonie. 1998. “Introduction: Framing Insurgent Historiographies for Planning,” in L. Sandercock, ed., Making the Invisible Visible: A Multicultural Planning History. UC Press. Pp. 1-20. (e)

Wednesday Sept 1 Guest Speaker: Dave Sullivan, Chair, Austin Planning Commission The context for Austin’s current effort

Readings TBA Monday: Sept 6 Labor Day Holiday Post your key planning questions by Monday 8pm

Wednesday: Sept 8 Classic themes in planning theory

Simmel, Georg. "The Metropolis and Mental Life," in The Sociology of Georg Simmel, translated by Kurt H. Wolff Glencoe: The Free Press, 1950, pp. 409-424. (e)

Peterson, Jon. 2003. in the American Past, in The Birth of City Planning in the United States, 1840-1917. Johns Hopkins. (pp. 1-28). (e)

Burgess, Ernest W., ‘The Growth of the City’ (City Reader, Part 3)

Mumford, Lewis, ‘What Is a City?’ (City Reader, Part 2)

Melvin Webber, ‘The Post-City Age’ (City Reader, Part 8)

Monday: Sept 13 Urban Conditions in the 19th Century, public awareness

Hall, of Tomorrow, Chapters 1 ("Cities of Imagination") and 2 ("The City of the Dreadful Night") (e)

Friedrich Engels, “The Great Towns” (City Reader, Part 1)

Skim through the following text online: Jacob Riis. 1890. How the Other Half Lives* In this hypertext edition, go to "Contents" and look at: Chapter I. Genesis of the ; Chapter XXIV. What Has Been Done; Chapter XXV. How the Case Stands (note especially Riis' ideas on what needs to be done); At least a couple chapters in between. Look at Jacob Riis’ photographs here: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA01/davis/photography/images/riisphotos/slideshow1.html

Wednesday: Sept 15 The Development of as a Planning Tool (or Substitute?)

Wirka, Susan Marie. 1996. “The City Social Movement: Progressive Women Reformers and Early Social Planning,” in Mary Corbin Sies and Christopher Silver, eds. Planning the Twentieth Century American City. Johns Hopkins. (e).

Keith Revell, 2003. "City Planning versus the Law: Zoning the New Metropolis", from Building Gotham: Civic Culture and in , 1898--1938 (: John Hopkins Univ. Press). (e).

Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, Chapter 3 ("City of the Bypass Variegated")

Monday: Sept 20 Team meetings with Professor Mueller and TA

Wednesday: Sept 22 Garden cities & garden : utopia, and the local fisc

Hall, City Of Tomorrow, ch. 4 - "The City in the Garden" pp. 87-116; 128-141.

Robert Fishman. 1977. "Urban Utopias: and ." In Readings in Planning Theory, pp. 21-52.

Ebenezer Howard. 1898. "Author's Introduction" and "The Town-Country Magnet" (City Reader, Part 5)

Mumford, Lewis. 1986. “The Ideal Form of the Modern City,” in The Reader New York: Pantheon Books. (e)

Optional: Kenneth T. Jackson. 1985. The Crabgrass Frontier. Chapter 9: The New Age of Automobility. (e)

Monday: Sept 27 The City Beautiful Movement, the 1893 Columbia Exposition and

Hall, Cities of Tomorrow, chapter 6 ("The City of Monuments") p. 188-197.

William Wilson, 1989. “The Glory, Destruction and Meaning of the City Beautiful Movement,” in W. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement. (e)

Daphne Spain. 2001. “Men Build Chicago’s Skyline, Women Redeem the City,” ch. 7 in D. Spain, How Women Saved the City. University of Minnesota. (e).

Look through photographs from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition* in Chicago from THE DREAM CITY: a portfolio of photographic views of the World's Columbian Exposition/ with an introduction by Halsey C. Ives. St. Louis, MO.: N. D. Thompson Co., 1893-1894. Paul V. Galvin Library Digital History Collection, Illinois Institute of Technology. In particular, look at the section on The Dream City to get a feel for the layout and architectural styles of the fair.

Wednesday: Sept29 Film: Make No Little Plans: Daniel Burnham and the American City

Monday: Oct 4 Class workshop: planning in Chicago

Details to be discussed in class.

Wednesday: Oct 6 MID TERM HANDED OUT- DUE by 11am Wednesday, October 13 The Legacy of Modernist Planning and Architecture

Le Corbusier, ‘A Contemporary City’ (City Reader, Part 5)

Mumford, Lewis. 1986. Yesterday's City of Tomorrow. In The Lewis Mumford reader. New York: Pantheon Books. (e)

Frank Lloyd Wright, ‘Broadacre City: A New Community Plan’ (City Reader, Part 5)

Fishman, Robert. 1982. "Conclusion," in Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. New York, NY: Basic Books, pp. 265 - 277 (e)

Monday: Oct 11 The era of big projects: Robert Moses,

Marshall Berman. 1988. “Robert Moses: The Expressway World” in All That is Solid Melts into Air, New York: Penguin Books, pp. 290-312 (e-reserves, UT library also has several copies).

Hilary Ballon and Kenneth Jackson, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York. New York: W. W. Norton. 2007. The following selections, all on e-reserve:

Kenneth J. Jackson, “Robert Moses and the Rise of New York” pp. 67-71. Hillary Ballon, “Robert Moses and Urban Renewal: The Title I program” pp.94-115. Martha Biondi, “Robert Moses, Race, and the Limits of an Activist State” pp. 116-121. Robert Fishman, “Revolt of the Urbs: Robert Moses and his critics” pp. 122-129.

Optional: Owen Gutfreund. “Rebuilding New York in the Auto Age.” Pp. 86-93.

Wednesday: Oct 13 MID TERM DUE by 11am (electronic version received by then, bring hard copy to class) and the backlash against rational planning

Jane Jacobs. "The Death and Life of Great American Cities," In Readings in Planning Theory.

Jane Jacobs, “The Use of Sidewalks: Safety” (City Reader, Part 2)

James C. Scott. 1998. "Authoritarian High Modernism" in Readings in Planning Theory (From Seeing Like a State. New Haven: Yale University Press).

Monday: Oct 18 Evolving theories about how to plan [each team will be assigned a reading to focus on for discussion]

Altshuler, Alan, "The Goals of Comprehensive Planning." 1965. Journal of the American Planning Association. (e)

Charles E. Lindblom. "The Science of Muddling Through," in Readings in Planning Theory.

Paul Davidoff. "Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning," in Readings in Planning Theory.

Jerome L. Kaufman and Harvey M. Jacobs. 1987. "A Public Planning Perspective on Strategic Planning," Journal of the American Planning Association. (e)

Norman Krumholz. "A Retrospective View of Equity Planning: , 1969-1979," 1982. Journal of the American Planning Association. (e)

Susan S. Fainstein and Norman I. Fainstein. "City Planning and Political Values: An Updated View." Urban Affairs Review. (e)

Wednesday: Oct 20 Evolving view of the landscape of cities Guest lecturer: Dean Fritz Steiner Images due to TA by 5pm by email

Frederick Law Olmsted. 1870. Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns. A paper read before the American Association at the Lowell Institute, Boston, February 25, 1870. (e).

Anne Whiston Spirn. 2001. Ian McHarg, , and Environmentalism: Ideas and Methods in Context, in Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture, edited by Michael Conan. Monday: Oct 25 Regional Planning: Social, Environmental and Economic Impulses Mid-semester reflection (online)

Hall, Peter. 2002. Cities of Tomorrow. Ch. 5 (The City in the Region)

Fishman, Robert. 2000. "The Death and Life of American Regional Planning." In Reflections on Regionalism, edited by B. Katz. Washington: Brookings Inst. (e)

Anthony Downs, ‘The Need For a New Vision For the Development of Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas’ (City Reader, Part 4)

Myron Orfield, ‘Fiscal Equity’ (City Reader, Part 4)

Wednesday: Oct 27 Post-war suburbanization

Kenneth T. Jackson. 1985. The Crabgrass Frontier, chapter 11: Federal Subsidy and the Suburban Dream: How Washington Changed the American Housing Market and chapter 12 The Cost of Good Intentions: The Ghettoization of in the United States. (e).

Fishman, Robert. "Bourgeois Utopias: Visions of Suburbia," in Readings in Urban Theory (e)

Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, ‘The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor’ (City Reader, Part 3)

Optional: Andres Duany: How to Fix Suburban Sprawl http://thinkorthwim.com/2007/05/17/andres-duany-how-to-fix-suburban-sprawl/

CONTEMPORARY PLANNING CHALLENGES AND DEBATES Monday: Nov 1

Lynch, Kevin. "The Pattern of the Metropolis," in An Urban World, edited by Charles Tilly. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. 1974, pp. 298-315. (e)

Talen, Emily. 2009. “Design by the Rules: The Historical Underpinnings of Form-Based Codes”. Journal of the American Planning Association, 75, 2: 144-160.

Ellis, C. 2002. The New : Critiques and rebuttals. Journal of Urban Design 7 (3):261- 291.

Brain, David. 2005. “From Good Neighborhoods to Sustainable Cities: Social Science and the Social Agenda of the ,” International Regional Science Review, 28: 217-236.

An example of a new urbanist development in Lafayette, Lousiana http://www.riverranchdevelopment.com/

Wednesday: Nov 3 Evolving views of sustainable cities Guest speaker: Robert Paterson (invited)

Scott D. Campbell. 1996. “Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities: Urban Planning and the Contradictions of ,” in Readings in Planning Theory. .

Steven Wheeler. “Planning Sustainable and Livable Cities,” (City Reader, part 7).

Saha, Devashree and Robert G. Paterson. (2008). “Local Government Efforts to Promote the “Three ‘E’s” of Sustainable Development: Survey in Medium to Large Cities in the United States,” Journal of Planning Education and Research, 28, 21-37.

Monday: Nov 8 Class Workshop: historical context for planning in Austin

Wednesday: Nov 10 Ethics: dissecting the AICP code

AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Adopted March 19, 2005. Effective June 1, 2005. Revised October 3, 2009. http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode.htm

American Planning Associaiton. Ethical principles in Planning. Adopted 1992. http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicalprinciples.htm

Ethics in Planning: A Toolkit for Conducting Ethics Sessions. Read section on “sample scenarios” and “sample questions and answers.” http://www.planning.org/ethics/pdf/apaethicstoolkit.pdf

William Lucy. “APA’s Ethical Principles Include Simplistic Planning Theories,” (in Readings in Planning Theory).

Monday: Nov 15 Ethics: Justice and the City

Friedman, John. 2002. “The Good City: In Defense of Utopian Thinking,” in J. Friedman, The Prospect of Cities. University of Minnesota Press. (e)

Susan Fainstein. 2010. The Just City. Cornell University Press. Chapter 2: Justice and Urban Transformation: Planning in Context and Conclusion: Toward the Just City, and Conclusion: Toward the Just City. (e)

David Harvey. 2003. “The Right to the City.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27, 3: 939-41. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2003.00492.x/pdf

Iris Marion Young. “City Life and Difference” (in Readings in Planning Theory).

Wednesday: Nov 17 Theory: Collaborative planning [each team will be assigned a reading to focus on for discussion]

Judith Innes. (1998). “Information in ,” Journal of the American Planning Association, 64, 1. (e)

John Forester, ‘Planning In the Face of Conflict’ (City Reader, Part 6)

Patsy Healey. "The communicative turn in planning theory and its implications for spatial strategy formation." In Readings in Planning Theory.

Flyvbjerg, Bent and Tim Richardson, "Planning and Foucault: In Search of the Dark Side of Planning Theory" (e)

Mark Pennington, "A Hayekian Liberal Critique of Collaborative Planning," (e)

Monday: Nov 22 Public Space, Public Interest and Privatization Guest speaker: Bjorn Sletto(invited)

Vote on your favorite public space images by 5pm.

Readings TBA.

Wednesday: Nov 24

Film: The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. For information on the film see the website of the Project for Public Spaces: http://www.pps.org/info/products/Books_Videos/social_life

Monday: November 29 The Future of the City: Globalization, Megacities, Informational Society

Susan S. Fainstein. "The Changing World Economy and Urban Restructuring," In Readings in Urban Theory (e)

Saskia Sassen, ‘The Impact of New Technologies and Globalization on Cities’ (City Reader, Part 3)

Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (1999), "Planning Cyber-Cities? Integrating Telecommunications into Urban Planning", Town Planning Review, January 1999. (e)

Manuel Castells, ‘European Cities, The Informational Age and the Global Economy’ (City Reader, Part 8)

Aprodicio A. Laquian, ‘The Emergence of Mega-Urban Regions in Asia’ (City Reader, Part 8)

Wednesday: Dec 1 Final class – course evaluations and class discussion. FINAL EXAM HANDED OUT- Due December 10 by 5pm Planning workshop teams:

For our group assignment, we will be reviewing iconic plans from the past and their relationship to contemporary plans, first in Chicago, then in New York. Each team will be focusing on a particular theme in planning. These themes are drawn from current discussions of sustainability.

Please look over this list and decide on the two themes that interest you the most. Send your preferences (ranked 1 and 2) to Gina Casey by Friday. We will then attempt to group you according to your preferences.

You do not need to know exactly what these themes mean—part of your work will be defining what they mean (or should mean) in the context of planning.

Here are the themes:

Economy Environment Equity Engagement Aesthetics