DOCSLIB.ORG

Dr. Fred Ikle, Director, US Arms Control And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dr. Fred Ikle, Director, US Arms Control And The copyright laws of the United States (Title 17, U.S. Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. If a user makes a request for, or later uses a photocopy or reproduction (including handwritten copies) for purposes in excess of fair use, that user may be liable for copyright infringement. Users are advised to obtain permission from the copyright owner before any re-use of this material. Use of this material is for private, non-commercial, and educational purposes; additional reprints and further distribution is prohibited. Copies are not for resale. All other rights reserved. For further information, contact Director, Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6010 © Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. II FIRinG Line , Guest: Dr. Fred Ikle, director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Subject: "WHERE ARE WE HEADED WITH DISARMAMENT?" SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIA TlON \/ <. 1 /'/~/.\/ \ i\ ® FIRinG Line HOST: William F. Buckley, Jr. Guest: Dr. Fred Ikle, director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Subject: "WHERE ARE WE HEADED WITH DISARMAMENT?" The FIRING LINE television series is a production of the Southern Educational Panelists: Sam Roberts, New York DaiZy News Communications Association, 928 Woodrow St., P.O. Box 5966, Columbia, S.C., Suzannah Lessard, The New Yorker 29250 and is transmitted through the facilities of the Public Broadcasting Service. Production of these programs is made possible through a grant from the Michael Kramer, New York Maaazine Corporation for Public Broadcasting. FIRING LINE can be seen and heard each FIRING LINE is produced and directed by WARREN STEIBEL week through public television and radio stations throughout the country. Check your local newspapers for channel and time in your area. This is a transcript of a FIRING LINE program taped in New York City on Aug. 6, 1975, and originally telecast on PBS on Sept. 6, 1975. sou I HE: RN f. [)lJC/\ T IONAL COMI\'ilJNIC/\ liONS /\SSOC!/\ I !ON © Board of Trustees of the land Stanford Jr. University. MR. BUCKLEY: Mr. Ikle is the director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and as such is in charge of developing the strategy of secure disarmament. Recently he has been· beset by many problems. For one, the charge that the Soviet Union has been systematically cheating in observ­ ing the terms of SALT I. That agreement, you will recall, was in two parts. The first, which became a formal treaty, limited us to two sites which we might protect through the use of antiballistic missiles; in effect, we gave up ABMs. The second was an interim agreement governing permissible expansion of nuclear facilities and hardware pending SALT II. Last winter in Vladivostok, meeting with Brezhnev, President Ford initialed an understanding which serves as the guidelines to SALT II. Second, Mr. Ikle has seen with dismay a recent sale by West Germany of huge nuclear plants to Brazil of a kind that could easily lend themselves to the development of an atom bomb. There, conceivably, would go our anti­ proliferation treaty. And third, Mr. Ikle sits in dumb fear lest, prodded by the glories of a Pulitzer Prize, some ingenious American reporter or columnist should undertake to reveal the secret devices by which we keep our infrared eyes on the activi­ ties of the Soviet Union. He wants Congress, please, to pass a law. that would ensure that such reporters admire their Pulitzer Prizes in jail. Mr. Ikle is the author of three books including How Nations Negotiate and Every War Must End. Mr. Ikle was born and raised in Switzerland, coming to this country in 1946. He attended the University of Chicago where he got an MA and subsequently a Ph.D. in sociology. In due course he became head of the social sciences division of the Rand Corporation, a research group oriented toward modern weaponry. Meanwhile he had taught at the Harvard Center for International Affiars and as professor of political science at MIT. He was named as head of the disarmament agency by President Nixon in April of 1973. I should like to begin by asking Mr. Ikle: Why would a country like, say, Japan consent to do without its own nuclear weapons system? MR. IKLE: The main reason is that they feel protected by our security guaran­ ©-1975 SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL tee. That's a very important reason for a number of countries which have the COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION potential for developing nuclear weapons--Germany, of course. And it's an important reason we have to remember as we reconsider to what extent we can live up to our overseas commitments. We can't have it both ways: sort of pull back from these commitments and expect to have some influence against the spread of the bomb. MR. BUCKLEY: Well, is it reasonable to suppose that a number of Japanese, surveying our withdrawal from Indochina and our apparent indifference to events in Portugal, might feel that any reliance on the United States has be­ come surreal? MR. IKLE: We were concerned that as a result of the events in Indochina the opposition to the current policy in Japan--that is to say of not developing their own nuclear weapons--would be strengthened. This has not seemed to be the development so far. There seem to be rather few voices in Japan arguing for developing their own bombs. They, of course, also realize that in order really to have an effective deterrent force to prevent nuclear attack, you have to get into a very massive undertaking, as we ourselves experienced. It's one thing to have a few bombs; it's another thing to have a force that can deter massive nuclear attack. MR. BUCKLEY: Well, it's also true, though, that a relatively light system could serve a defensive purpose, correct? MR. IKLE: Not against a strong opponent such as the Soviet Union. It's very hard to have forces that could survive a first strike. This is our constant worry: that our forces should be sufficient to survive a surprise attack. For a smaller country beginning at the beginning like, say hypothetically, Japan, this would b~ a very difficult undertaking. It's a very difficult undertaking for France, for China. MR. BUCKLEY: But isn't the limitation on the ABM system to which the Soviet © Board of Trustees of the L land Stanford Jr. University. alternative to a desperate search for secur)ty by getting their own nuclear Union and we have subscribed an invitation to what they used to call nth power bombs. And at this juncture, with many questions being raised about what countries to use atomic or hydrogen missiles in such a way as substantially to commitments our foreign policy should support, we must face this fact square­ threaten these major countries? Is it inconceivable that Japan might say, ly. The alliances protecting most of these potential nuclear countries and "We grant that you have the technology to pulverize our entire population, which make them willing to forego nuclear weapons would not survive without but rather than give in to you on this particular point concerning which there continuing American support," you yourself are, in effect, saying that those is a conflict we will expend our half-dozen bombs and account for the loss of are the alternatives: reliance on America and her network of treaties or a 20 million Russians even if this results in the loss of 100 million Japanese"? "desperate search" for their own nuclear bombs. If that is the dichotomy, MR. IKLE: This surrealistic notion regarding a democratic country with a then it seems to me that sensible statesmen abroad would begin their desperate parliamentarian system such as Japan-- It may be a real concern; I think it search for nuclear bombs. should be a real concern for us regarding some group, perhaps some country, MR. IKLE: They might want to hedge their bets, but so far I think we have some leadership that doesn't care about what happens to their people after managed to uphold our principal alliances: the security treaty with Japan they attacked a powerful nation such as the Soviet Union or the United States. and our commitment to NATO. And indeed just this-- And hence we really have this-- We are deeply troubled about the spread of MR. BUCKLEY: Japan hasn't been threatened. the bomb to more and more countries, to more and more places where this des­ MR. IKLE: But as far as our defensive commitment is concerned, we have been tructive potential might be controlled, induced in this fashion with no re­ upholding this, and indeed this last spring Congress has shown that it wants gard for what happens after. to maintain its commitment to our NATO alliance. MR. BUCKLEY: Yes, but there's-- This disposition is not to be, in my judg­ MR. BUCKLEY: Well, according to Admiral Zumwalt, we couldn't uphold our NATO ment, entirely contemned, it seems to me. I.e., the notion that you will use commitment if we wanted to now because of the impoverishment of our military. the entire resources of the nation in order to protect even the independence If we were actually to undertake to protect Turkey, say, or Greece from a of a small part of your territory or the physical safety for a few of your northern invasion, we simply wouldn't have the muscle to do it-- citizens has a rather ethically aristocratic lineage, it seems to me, so that MR. IKLE: Yes. one doesn't automatically say, "Well, the"-- A truly well-balanced statesman MR.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organizational Process and Bureaucratic Politics Paradigms: Retrospect and Prospect Author(S): David A
    The Organizational Process and Bureaucratic Politics Paradigms: Retrospect and Prospect Author(s): David A. Welch Source: International Security , Fall, 1992, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Fall, 1992), pp. 112-146 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539170 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539170?seq=1&cid=pdf- reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms The MIT Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Security This content downloaded from 209.6.197.28 on Wed, 07 Oct 2020 15:39:26 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms The Organizational David A. Welch Process and Bureaucratic Politics Paradigms Retrospect and Prospect 1991 marked the twentieth anniversary of the publication of Graham Allison's Essence of De- cision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. ' The influence of this work has been felt far beyond the study of international politics. Since 1971, it has been cited in over 1,100 articles in journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index, in every periodical touching political science, and in others as diverse as The American Journal of Agricultural Economics and The Journal of Nursing Adminis- tration.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Posture Commission
    Perry and Schlesinger and Perry America’s Strategic Posture Americ a’s ow to secure the nuclear peace remains one of the most profound questions of the modern era. Twenty years after the end of the Cold War Hand with the arrival of a new administration in Washington, it is time to think through fundamental questions about the purposes of nuclear deterrence Strategic and the character of the U.S. strategic posture. While the existential threat to the United States has decreased, the rising threat of catastrophic terrorism, the possession and spread of nuclear weapons by other states, and a general worldwide nuclear renaissance continue to influence decisions about America’s Posture strategic posture. Recognizing the changing character of these threats, Congress formed a The Final Report of the commission in 2008 to examine the United States’ long-term strategic posture and make recommendations. For more than eleven months this bipartisan Congressional Commission commission of leading experts on national security, arms control, and nuclear America’s Strategic Posture technology met with Congressional leaders, military officers, high-level officials of several countries, arms control groups, and technical experts to assess the on the Strategic Posture appropriate roles for nuclear weapons, nonproliferation programs, and missile defenses. This official edition contains a discussion of key questions and issues of the United States as well as the Commission’s findings and recommendations for tailoring U.S. strategic posture to new and emerging requirements
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded April 22, 2006
    SIX DECADES OF GUIDED MUNITIONS AND BATTLE NETWORKS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS Barry D. Watts Thinking Center for Strategic Smarter and Budgetary Assessments About Defense www.csbaonline.org Six Decades of Guided Munitions and Battle Networks: Progress and Prospects by Barry D. Watts Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments March 2007 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonprofit, public policy research institute established to make clear the inextricable link between near-term and long- range military planning and defense investment strategies. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundations, corporations, government, and individual grants and contributions. This report is one in a series of CSBA analyses on the emerging military revolution. Previous reports in this series include The Military-Technical Revolution: A Preliminary Assessment (2002), Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge (2003), and The Revolution in War (2004). The first of these, on the military-technical revolution, reproduces the 1992 Pentagon assessment that precipitated the 1990s debate in the United States and abroad over revolutions in military affairs. Many friends and professional colleagues, both within CSBA and outside the Center, have contributed to this report. Those who made the most substantial improvements to the final manuscript are acknowledged below. However, the analysis and findings are solely the responsibility of the author and CSBA. 1667 K Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................. v SUMMARY ............................................................... ix GLOSSARY ………………………………………………………xix I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 Guided Munitions: Origins in the 1940s............. 3 Cold War Developments and Prospects ............
    [Show full text]
  • Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1489q8rg Online items available Register of the Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter papers Finding aid prepared by Aparna Mukherjee, David Jacobs, Natalia Porfirenko, and Ronald Bulatoff Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2001, 2007, 2020 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Albert J. and 97076 1 Roberta Wohlstetter papers Title: Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter papers Date (inclusive): 1929-2007 Collection Number: 97076 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 846 manuscript boxes, 5 card file boxes, 8 oversize boxes(343.4 Linear Feet) Abstract: Speeches and writings, correspondence, notes, memoranda, reports, studies, and printed matter relating to American military and national security policy, nuclear warfare strategic planning, and nuclear proliferation issues. Includes the papers of Roberta Wohlstetter, wife of Albert J. Wohlstetter. Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. Creator: Wohlstetter, Albert Creator: Wohlstetter, Roberta Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access "Boxes 1-61, 201-354, 385-754, 815-821, and 838-859 closed. The remainder of the collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use." Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 1997. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Albert J. and Roberta Wohlstetter papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Alternate Forms Available Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Americ A's Strategic Posture
    Americ a’s Strategic Posture The Final Report of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States Advance Copy William J. Perry, Chairman James R. Schlesinger, Vice-Chairman Harry Cartland Fred Ikle John Foster Keith Payne John Glenn Bruce Tarter Morton Halperin Ellen Williams Lee Hamilton James Woolsey America’s Strategic Posture Americ a’s Strategic Posture The Final Report of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States William J. Perry, Chairman James R. Schlesinger, Vice-chairman Harry Cartland Fred Ikle John Foster Keith Payne John Glenn Bruce Tarter Morton Halperin Ellen Williams Lee Hamilton James Woolsey UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE PRESS W!"#$%&'(%, D.C. The views, findings, and recommendations of this report are those of the Commission itself, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. United States Institute of Peace 1200 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036-3011 www.usip.org First published 2009 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ISBN 978-1-60127-045-0 Contents Letter from the Facilitating Organization vii Chairman’s Preface ix Executive Summary xv Introduction 1 1. On Challenges and Opportunities 3 2. On the Nuclear Posture 19 3. On Missile Defense 31 4. On Declaratory Policy 35 5. On the Nuclear Weapons Stockpile 39 6. On the Nuclear Weapons Complex 47 7. On Arms Control 65 8. On Nonproliferation 73 9.
    [Show full text]
  • A Future Arms Control Agenda Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 118, 1999 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
    A Future Arms Control Agenda Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 118, 1999 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent international institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden’s 150 years of unbroken peace. The Institute is financed mainly by the Swedish Parliament. The staff and the Governing Board are international. The Institute also has an Advisory Committee as an international consultative body. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. Governing Board Ambassador Rolf Ekéus, Chairman (Sweden) Dr Willem F. van Eekelen (Netherlands) Dr Nabil Elaraby (Egypt) Sir Marrack Goulding (United Kingdom) Professor Helga Haftendorn (Germany) Dr Catherine Kelleher (United States) Professor Ronald G. Sutherland (Canada) Dr Abdullah Toukan (Jordan) The Director Director Dr Adam Daniel Rotfeld (Poland) Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Signalistgatan 9, SE-169 70 Solna, Sweden Cable: SIPRI Telephone: 46 8/655 97 00 Telefax: 46 8/655 97 33 Email: [email protected] Internet URL: http://www.sipri.se A Future Arms Control Agenda Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 118, 1999 Edited by Ian Anthony and Adam Daniel Rotfeld OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2001 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing for War, Stumbling to Peace
    Preparing for War, Stumbling to Peace Planning for Post-conflict Operations in Iraq A Monograph by Major James R. Howard, QRH British Army School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas AY 03-04 SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES MONOGRAPH APPROVAL Major James R. Howard, QRH Title of Monograph: Preparing for War, Stumbling to Peace: Planning for Post- Conflict Operations in Iraq. Approved by: _________________________________________ Monograph Director LTC (P) John M. Metz, MMAS _________________________________________ Professor and Director COL Kevin C. M. Benson, MMAS Academic Affairs, School of Advanced Military Studies _________________________________________ Director, Graduate Degree Robert F. Baumann, Ph.D. Program ii Abstract PREPARING FOR WAR, STUMBLING TO PEACE: PLANNING FOR POST-CONFLICT OPERATIONS IN IRAQ. By Major James R. Howard, QRH, British Army, 60 pages. This monograph discusses planning for the post-conflict phase of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. More specifically, it examines whether a disparate focus on war-fighting operations during the planning and execution phase of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM is to blame for the lack of progress towards reconstruction. It examines the factors and influences that led political and military leaders to make certain decisions during the preparatory and combat phases of operations to depose Saddam Hussein. Moreover, it asks whether military leaders could have acted differently in pursuit of the Bush Administration’s strategic objectives for Iraq. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether planning for Operation IRAQI FREEDOM devoted sufficient attention to the likely requirements of the post-conflict environment. It will analyze whether the failure to plan for this environment exposed realization of the strategic objectives to unnecessary risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq Exit Scenarios
    Transcript of event (remarks and panel discussion) to celebrate the 2005 re-issue of Every War Must End, by Dr. Fred C. Iklé 1 March 2005 Center for Strategic & International Studies Participants: Fred C. Iklé Author CSIS Distinguished Scholar John Hamre President and CEO, CSIS Patrick M. Cronin CSIS Senior Vice President and Director of Studies Zbigniew Brzezinski CSIS Counselor Dov Zakheim Former DoD Comptroller Thomas Ricks CSIS Writer-in-residence John Lehman Former Secretary of the Navy 1 John Hamre: Thanks all of you for coming. I'm very pleased that you could join us tonight. My name is John Hamre. I have the good fortune to be the President here at CSIS and was amazed when I first came to CSIS, which was five years ago now, to find on the register of one of our distinguished scholars Fred Iklé. Now this was a personality I had only known by a hard back book I bought when I first was a graduate student here in Washington, I hate to say it, 30 years ago. When Fred wrote this remarkable piece, Every War Must End, it was one of those required readings. I was a student here at SAIS. Little did I know I'd have a chance to work with him. Since that time I have been really quite astounded and impressed by the freshness of this intellect and I'm really pleased that he's given us a chance to revisit some of these issues and ideas this afternoon. I would like to, however, defer in this introduction to Rolf Huppi.
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Intellectuals
    1. THE ROLE OF U.S. DEFENSE INTELLECTUALS AND DOMESTIC POLITICAL TRENDS by Alex Abella It is rare for an intellectual to control the levers of power. In recent world history perhaps only Vaclav Havel, Lenin and Trotsky qualify—and then Trotsky barely so, and only for a few years until Stalin forced him out. Certainly, no U.S. intellectual in the past 100 years has achieved an independent position that would allow him or her to bring a certain vision to fruition. Intellectuals are, as a class, condemned by their very nature to be the handmaidens of power. Therefore, by extension, the influence they wield rests largely on their closeness to the source of political power---in the American system, whoever occupies the White House. This seems simple enough but it is a lesson that observers would do well to remember. Intellectuals in defense policy cannot really persuade an administration to follow a particular course of action, since each administration takes office with its own preconceived objectives. Not all the learned tomes, position papers or fact-crammed speeches will persuade a president to abandon his core beliefs on policy. The most that defense intellectuals can accomplish is to enable the goals of the White House; to refine, not redo. 2. Yet this is not to say that because you are following the broad outlines of policy from the White House that you cannot effect major changes within that particular purview. Take the case of the two men who perhaps did more to transform the American fighting forces that anyone else—besides Ronald Reagan—in the 1980s: Andrew Marshall and Albert Wohlstetter.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Pillsbury: the Hundred-Year Marathon Study Guide
    Scholars Crossing Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government 2016 Michael Pillsbury: The Hundred-Year Marathon Study Guide Steven Alan Samson Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Samson, Steven Alan, "Michael Pillsbury: The Hundred-Year Marathon Study Guide" (2016). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 446. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/446 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 MICHAEL PILLSBURY: THE HUNDRED-YEAR MARATHON STUDY GUIDE, 2015 Steven Alan Samson INTRODUCTION: WISHFUL THINKING Outline A. HOSTILE PERFORMANCE ART (1-4) 1. Sackler Gallery Exhibit, 2012 a. Cai Guo Qiang 1) His performance art 2. Exploding Christmas Tree in the Mall a. Symbolized China’s invention of gunpowder 1) Months of clean-up b. “Black Christmas Tree” [This passive-aggressive performance could be compared with Lang Lang’s performance before Hu Jintao, 2011] 3. First State Department Medal of the Arts a. Cai: “All artists are like diplomats” 4. Author’s Investigation of Cai 5. Many of Cai’s Fans Are Nationalists Called Ying Pai [“Hawks” or “Eagles”] a. They are the real voice of China 6. Hawks’ Narrative a. Decline of the United States and rise of a strong China b.
    [Show full text]
  • Early RAND As a Talent Incubator an Extraordinary Experiment
    SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review is a sparkling effervescence of views and insights on economics, history, and politics for people who don’t mind having their minds bent and blistered with high entropy ideas.” —GEORGE GILDER, bestselling author, Wealth and Poverty, Knowledge and Power, and Microcosm Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Early RAND as a Talent Incubator An Extraordinary Experiment F NICHOLAS RESCHER uring World War II, the armed services of the United States had benefited from an ample opportunity to use the great pool of scientificexpertiseavailabletothem D for the systemic study of their operations in matters of equipment, supply, and the conduct of warfare.
    [Show full text]