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2009 ITAA Proceedings #66 Annual Meeting, Bellevue, Washington October 28-31, 2009

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2009 ITAA Proceedings #66 Annual Meeting, Bellevue, Washington October 28-31, 2009 2009 ITAA Proceedings #66 Annual Meeting, Bellevue, Washington October 28-31, 2009 Design and Aesthetics Track Barker, J., Lee, Y., Boorady, L., Ashdown, S., & Lin, S., (2009). Firefighter Turnout Gear: Assessment of User Needs Boorady, L., (2009). Self-Directed Learning: A Student-centered Product Development Project Burris, J., (2009). Go Red: Creative Learning for Fashion Students through Charitable Projects, which Raise Public Awareness to Health Issues Campbell, J.R. & McDonald, A., (2009). Beasties Lab: Generating Kinetic Experiences in Textile Product Design Chae, M., (2009). A Needs Assessment for Mature Female Golf Wear Chae, M., (2009). Product Development Relevant to a Prototype Developing Creation Course: Mature Female Golf Wear Chattaraman, V., Sankar, C. & Vallone, A., (2009). Developing a Multimedia Case Study about Rural Craft Producers: Benefits for Design Education and Rural Development Delong, M., Wu, J., & Park, J., (2009). Touch Preference Shifts for Fabrics Dragoo, S., (2009). Sustainable Living, Disposable Dress: Dissecting the Dichotomy in the Classroom Eklund, A., (2009). Using Aesthetics Principles to Challenge “So-Called” Experts ‘How to Dress’ Advice for Apparel Choices of Plus-Size Women Elsasser, V., (2009). Connecting to the Consumer: Developing a Human Connection between the Design Process and the Consumer Gardner, L., (2009). Promoting Creativity in Fashion Design with the Use of Style Sheets Gardner, L. & Young, A., (2009). Digital Fashion Design Competition Goncu, G. & DeLong, M., (2009). Making a Difference through Product Design: A Case Study of Design Process in a Prominent Footwear Brand in Turkey Ha, S., & Park, J., (2009). Characteristics of Design Elements in the Environmentally Friendly Fashion - Focused on Content Analysis of Previous Literature Haar, S., (2009). Natural Dyestuffs: Sustainable Practices for Color Effects Hahn, K., (2009). Challenging Diverse Inspired Design Through Overcoming Adversity Han, H., Nam, Y., and Shin, S., (2009). Automatic Landmark Identifications for Various Body Shapes Hayes, L., (2009). A Green Approach to Design: Integration of Sustainable Textile Sourcing and Garment Design in Fashion Studio Coursework Heo, N., Yoon, D., and Ko, H., (2009). Population-based Body Generation Kim, D., and LaBat, K., (2009). Apparel Fit Based on Viewing of 3D Virtual Models and Live Models Kim, M., Choi, Y., Nam, Y., Han, S., & Yang, H., (2009). Evaluation and Improvement of Accuracy of Virtual Avatar based on 3D Scan Data Ko, Y., Choy, H., Evaluation of the Clothing Simulation Technology in the Aspects of Color, Material, Structural Details, and Silhouette Lee, J., Kim, H., Nam, Y. & Ryu, H., (2009). Drape Evaluation of 3D Garment Simulation Lee, Y., (2009). Re-creation of Hanbok for the Global Market: Analyses of Lee Young Hee’s Designs Lee, Y. & Gam, H., (2009). Motivating Students to Be More Creative: Using Visual Analysis of Costumes in Film as an Inspirational Source for Apparel Design Courses Lee, Y. & Hwang, J., (2009). Second Life Integration into Three-Dimensional Textile and Fashion Product Design: Applications, Benefits, and Opportunities MacDonald, N. & Matranga, M., (2009). Luck of the Draw: Determining Apparel Design Parameters Manuel, M., Ulrich, P., & Connell, L., (2009). Assessing the Anthropometrics of Tween Girls Using 3D Body Scan Measurement Data Mastamet-Mason, A., De Klerk, H., & Ashdown, S., (2009). A Comparison between the Kenyan-African and Western Distinctive Female Body Shapes McRoberts, L., Barona, L., Cloud, R., Black, C. & Wang, X., (2009). Effectiveness of Two Methods for Measuring Postural Alignment Improvement of Postural Support Garments Miller, P., (2009). Visual Design in Action: Developing an Industry-Sponsored Scrub-Design Contest to Give Freshmen Practical Experience with Creative and Functional Design Ohrn-McDaniel, L., (2009). Circles of Creativity – A Never-ending Form in Fashion Orzada, B., (2009). Connections: Apparel Design and Community Orzada, B., Rogers, T. & Way, E., (2009). Exploration of Nonwoven Fabrics for Men’s Jackets Peksoz, S., Starr, C., Choi, K., Kamenidis, P., Park, H., and Branson, D., (2009). Evaluation of Prototype Personal Cooling Interfaced with a Liquid Cooled Garment under Hazmat Suits Petrova, A., (2009). Use of Body Scan Technology to Capture the Space Enclosed by a Garment: Case Study of Segmented Arm Body Armor Regan, C., (2009). Teaching Product Development: Linking Apparel Design Strategy to Seasonal Product Line Creation Sanders, E., (2009). Electronic Portfolios: Strategies for Web-Based Portfolio Creation for Students with a Product Development or Technical Design Emphasis Shin, A., Nam, Y., & Han, H., (2009). Aesthetics/Design/Product Development. A Study on Three-dimensional Parametric Body Shape Variations Sohn, M. & Bye, E., (2009). A Pattern Adaptation for Body Change during Pregnancy: A Case Study Yoon, D., Heo, N., & Ko, H., (2009). Example-driven Landmarking of Human Body Scans 2009 Proceedings Bellevue, Washington USA Firefighter Turnout Gear: Assessment of User Needs Jessica Barker and Young-A Lee Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Lynn Boorady University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Susan Ashdown Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Shu-Hwa Lin University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Keywords: firefighter, turnout gear, protective clothing There are approximately 1.1 million career and volunteer firefighters in the United States who respond to a variety of community situations, including medical aid, fire, hazardous materials, and vehicle incidents (NFPA, 2007). Their clothing, therefore, must protect them from multiple hazards while allowing them to perform a wide range of tasks and movements. Due to the necessary insulative properties of firefighter turnout gear, it is bulky, heavy, and stiff. Such factors can create issues for the wearer, such as decreased mobility, increased workload, and diminished comfort. Identifying how the wearer is affected by protective clothing provides essential information for making design improvements, thus increasing the firefighter’s work performance. Firefighter turnout gear comprises of a protective coat, pants, suspenders, gloves, boots, hood liners, and helmets. A self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is worn over the turnout gear. Either station uniforms or casual clothing (e.g., T-shirt, athletic pants) are worn under the gear. Due to the number of clothing items and gear being worn by firefighters simultaneously, and the varying textile properties of each garment, it is critical to evaluate the entire system of clothing that a firefighter wears in his or her work environments. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore the needs of firefighters when wearing turnout gear and determine ways the gear could be improved using a systems approach. This study is part of a larger, multi-state research project designed to enhance firefighter turnout gear through improving materials and design. Focus group interview approach was used for this study. Participants are stimulated by the comments of the others and therefore will speak about issues of concern to them more in depth. In 2008, a total of six focus groups were conducted in four different states in the United States, utilizing 46 career and volunteer firefighters from six different fire departments. Focus groups were composed of 7 to 12 male firefighters from each fire department. Identical interview procedures were applied for individual focus groups to gather consistent data sets. Each interviewer followed a script of questions to minimize interviewer bias. Questions were designed to explore successful and unsuccessful turnout gear designs. All focus group interviews were recorded and transcribed for data analysis purposes. Interviews lasted approximately one to two hours, depending on ©2009, International Textile and Apparel Association, Inc. ITAA Proceedings, #66 – www.itaaonline.org 2009 Proceedings Bellevue, Washington USA the number of participants. Thematic analysis methods were used to identify recurring ideas from each focus group. Interview participants represented a broad range of firefighter experience, from one month to 30 years. Firefighters identified a number of issues with their current turnout gear that are common challenges with protective clothing such as excessive weight of the gear, excess metabolic heat, and restricted mobility. Comments specific to turnout gear centered around the pants, suspenders, gloves, and boots. Participants indicated the fit of the pants, particularly in the crotch area, proved most problematic for firefighters. They noted that the crotch level for pants falls too low, affecting the wearer’s ability to step up into high trucks, climb ladders, and crawl through windows. The firefighters also reported that their suspenders stretched out over time, causing them to fall off or allowing the pants to fall lower on the waist. Participants also addressed issues related to their gloves. They expressed their struggles to accomplish necessary tasks when wearing their gloves, caused by diminished dexterity and inability to grip objects when the gloves are wet. Similarly, the boots inhibit range of motion and lack adequate traction. Some firefighters preferred to wear leather boots for greater mobility, but found that traction provided by the leather boots is far inferior to traction provided by rubber boots, particularly in the winter. They also reported that the leather boots do not have adequate insulation to keep their feet warm in
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