A Selective Bibliography of the Mohawk People

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Selective Bibliography of the Mohawk People 4 *DOCUMENT RESUME ED 093 514 k 95 RC 007' 968 AUTHOR Garrow, Larry; And Others TITLE A Selected Bibliography of the Mohawk People. INSTITUTION National Indiari Education. Association, Minneapolis, Minn.' SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 53p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS American Indian Languages; *American Indians; *Annotated Biblio4raphies; Audiovisual Aids; Childrens Books; Cultural Background; Fiction; Government'AOle; Handicrafts; *History;'*Laws; Legends; *Media Research; Religion; Social Factors; Treaties IDENTIFIERS *Mohawks ABSTRACT Designed to cover all media on all areas.of Mobamk life, the bibliography also included general materials on the Iroguois.where nothinlg on the Mohawks had been produced. To be, vilevant to Mohawks on the St. Regis Reserve, the bibliography used an informational survey of community priorities (1972, National Indian Education Association Library Project). The approximately 343 citations, dated from 1762 through 1972, are arranged by subject and subdivided by author. Resources vary according to the priority the Mohawk people placed On the area covered--high priority items, such as history, and legal relations, include primary ,and secondary print materials, and'non-print materials; low priority items, such as anthropology, include only secondary vaterial..The sections are: arch,aology; a bibliography of bibliographies; children's books;/ fiction about Mohawks; government; history; language; Aaws and treaties; literature (folklore); maps; material culture (handicrafts); roligion; and society and culture (traditional and contemporary). (AH/KM) U S. DOPARTMINTORMIALTN, tDUCATION11WILIARI NATIONAL INSTITUT', Of 201.1CAT0011 THIS 000UMISNI HAS AttN REPRO MUM) !EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION 01410IN ATIND IT. POINTS Of VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOI NECESSARILY REPRE SENTOfFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF .E01.11:ATION POSITION OR POLICY A A SELECTIVEIFBLIOGRAPHY OF THE.MORAWK PEOPLE by Larry barrow Richard Jock Ray Cooke Edited by Charles Townley OC Cf: National Indian Education Association LibraryProject 60 . 3036 University Avenue, South East C:>' Minneapolis, Minnesota 4: 19Th The project presented or reported herein was per- formed pursuant to a Grant from the U.S. Office of Education,Tepatment of Health, Education and. Welfare. However, thei\opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Office of Educat,ion and no official endorsd- ment by the U.S. Office of Education should be inferred." 'EDITOR'S NOTE This bibliography is designed to include all media relative to the Mohawk people in the United. States and Can- t ada. It attempts to cover all areas of Mohawk life. To do this, it has bden.necessary at times to include materials on the Iroquois in general where nothing specifically,on the Mohawks has been prod& d. The bilAiography, also attempts to make itself relevant to the present community of Mohawk people on the 'St.: Regis- Reserve. 'Recently, the Reserve was surveyed to ascertain its inforlmational priorities,.that is, what the community' most wantpd, to know about. This survey is reported in Na- t, tional Indian Education Association:, Library Project. Akwesasne: A Design fore LibrarySA,vices. S. Paul: Uni- versity of Minnesota, 1972. These informational priorities are reflected inthe organization and content of this biblio- : graphy., Archeology is, foillexample, a very low priority . Therefore, only secondary material exclusively on Mohawk 'people is included. On the other hae,d,AlistOrY and'legal .relations scored a very high interest. Hence, These sections of the bibliography include primary and secondary print, materialS and non-printmaterials. Arrangement of the bibliography is by subject divided by author. Style is in the-foriii-of. Kate Turabian. Chairies Townley June, 1974 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor's Note Table' of Contents I. Arnheology ............ II. Bibliography 3, 0 III. Children's Book 7 . IV. Fictfon about-"Mohawks , . 9 . V. Goyernmeni . .10 VI. Hist ry . General... .... ,. .. .12 11Before 1600 '0 16 . : 1600-1713 ... .17 1714-1815 . : . .20 1815-1890 2C 'r 25 1891-Present .---.---.. ..... .27 VII. Language . ..... .' 31 , x VIII. Laws and Treaties . - IX. Literature . '.336 . X. Maps 38 (2 . XI. Material Culture..... 39 . XII. Religion . .. 42 XI.II. Society and' Culture. 45 ARCHEOLOGY Clarke, 'Noah T. "Archeology."- New York (State). Museum. Bulletin,no. 267(1926), 57-58. A brief report of historic Mohawk burials and, artifacts. frOM Fort Plaipl, New York. Ewing, Franklin. "first Note on the Archeology of the Mohawk Town of Ossernenon." American Antiquity, XVIII(1954), 389-90. A short article about ,the town of the Turtle' Clan, Ossernenon, which is thouglA to be located at Arisville. Methods of deduction for the location of the town and the finds are included. I Frey, SaMuel L. "Relic Hunting on the Mohawk."American, Naturalist, XII(1878), 777 -778. Frey, Samuel L. "The Histori0 and Prehistoric Mohawks." American Anthrbpologist VI(1893), 277-278. Short description of the Minden Site. Grassman, Thomas. "The Mohawk Caughnawaga Excavation." Pennsylvania Archeologist, XXII(1952)., 33-36, Preliminary report which stresses the history of the sites and discusses the uncovering of the stocade, Parker, Arthur C., 'The Archeologfcal.History of New York. New York (Stale). Museum. Bulletin, nos. 235-238. Albany: N.Y.: State Printer, 1922. 475p. List different excavations throughout the state by county. Illustrated. Parker, Arthur C. "Archeology:"' New York (Statel . Museum. Bulletin, 267(1926), 5-60. A brief history of the historic Mohawk graves near Fort Plain, New York. 7 Parker, Arthur C. "Report of the Archeologist." New York (State).° Museum. Bulletin, no. 164(1913), 45-57. Material on possible Mohawk occupations near Lake George. A- descripiiOn of folklore discussed by Converse and Cusick.is included. -1- Pratt, Peter, The Bigford: Late Prehistoric.Orleida." Pennsylvania Archeologist, XXXI(1961), 46-59, This ar,t1creWFtnirehes that Bigford was a fortified Oneida town with affiliations with Onondaga, Mohawk and Seneca. Ritchie William N. The Arbheolo of New York State. ,/\ Garden City, N.Y.: Natural Kistory Press, 19654 392p.. The best contemporary work on Irlbquois archeology. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brown, Jesse Louise Preston. "A Bibliography of the Iroquois Indian." {Unpublished MA. th'esis, Columbia University, 1902. 54p. An excellent source for 19th Centuly documents. I Canada. Public Archives. Preliminary InventoryRecord Group X: Indian Affairs. Ottawa: King 's Printer, 1951. 14p. Calendar of manuscripts in the Archives of Canada consisting of field office reports and Indian land records from 1755 to 1912. If DockstaAr,FrederiCk J. The American Indian. in Graduate' Studies'; A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations. New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foun- dation. Contributionsov. 15. New York: Heye Foun- . dation, 1957. 394'. Theses and dissertations on American Indians written between 1890 and 1955. Arranged by author with subject index. Annotated. Evan, Richard Xavier. "The Literature Relative to Kateri Takakwitha, the Lily of the Mohawks, 1656-1680." Bulletin Rescherches Historique, LVI(1940), 193-209, 2-41-255. Complete list of material on the venerated Mohawk woman. Fenton, William N. "A Calendar of Manuscript Materials Re- lating to the History Of, the Six Nations."American Philosophical Society. Proceedings; XCVII(1953), 578-595. This calendar contains'information'on the Six Nations. Fenton, William N. American Indian and White Relations to +1'80: Needs and Opportunities for Study; an Essay.. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Caroline Press, 1957. 138p. Bibl4ograrhic essay and topical bibliography. Indexed by author. Freeman, John S. A Gu.,ide-to Manuscripts Relating to the AmericanIn in the Library Of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society.MeMoirs, v. 65. Philadelphia: American Philosophical-Society, 1966. 491p. A detailed calendar of the manuscripts collection. at the Arrierican Philosophical Society.' Arranged by subject'. Index to Literature of ther erican Indian. San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 970 - An annual index toaterial on the American Indian. This bibliography co tains books, theses and mag.4zine articles. t is arranged by subject. , \ KueN,Warren F. Dissertatiopt 3,r1 History. Lexington, Ky,: ' University of Kentucky Press\ 1965. A standard work outlini\g historical theses written in the United STes and Canada. Library Services Institute for Minnesota Indians, Univer- sity of Minnesota, 1970. American Indians; an Annb- ' tated Bibliography of Selected Library Resources. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1970. 156p. , An annotated guide to all media, print, and . non-print, designed for children who are inter- ested in studying about American Indians. ,4o McC y, James C. Jesuit Relations of Canada, 1632-1673: A Bibliovaph. Paris: 1937. 310p. An index to Thwaite's classic compilation; the Jesuit Relations of Canada. McIlwraith, T. F. "Bibliography of .Canadian Anthropology." Canada. National Museum. Annual Report, 1954-1964. An annual compilation of works'on Canadian anthropology. Continues from "Recent Publica- tions Relating to Canada: Ethnology, Anthropology, and Archeology" which appeared. in the Canadian Historical Review. 1 McIlwraith, T. F. "Recent Publications Relating to Canada: Ethnology, Anthropology, and Archeology." Canadian Historical Revieta, VI-XXXV(1925-1954).
Recommended publications
  • Nanjemoy and Mattawoman Creek Watersheds
    Defining the Indigenous Cultural Landscape for The Nanjemoy and Mattawoman Creek Watersheds Prepared By: Scott M. Strickland Virginia R. Busby Julia A. King With Contributions From: Francis Gray • Diana Harley • Mervin Savoy • Piscataway Conoy Tribe of Maryland Mark Tayac • Piscataway Indian Nation Joan Watson • Piscataway Conoy Confederacy and Subtribes Rico Newman • Barry Wilson • Choptico Band of Piscataway Indians Hope Butler • Cedarville Band of Piscataway Indians Prepared For: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Annapolis, Maryland St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland November 2015 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this project was to identify and represent the Indigenous Cultural Landscape for the Nanjemoy and Mattawoman creek watersheds on the north shore of the Potomac River in Charles and Prince George’s counties, Maryland. The project was undertaken as an initiative of the National Park Service Chesapeake Bay office, which supports and manages the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. One of the goals of the Captain John Smith Trail is to interpret Native life in the Middle Atlantic in the early years of colonization by Europeans. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept, developed as an important tool for identifying Native landscapes, has been incorporated into the Smith Trail’s Comprehensive Management Plan in an effort to identify Native communities along the trail as they existed in the early17th century and as they exist today. Identifying ICLs along the Smith Trail serves land and cultural conservation, education, historic preservation, and economic development goals. Identifying ICLs empowers descendant indigenous communities to participate fully in achieving these goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of PCB Contamination on the Environment and the Cultural Integrity of the St
    University of Vermont UVM ScholarWorks Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2015 Effects of PCB Contamination on the Environment and the Cultural Integrity of the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe in the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne Kim Ellen McRae University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Environmental Studies Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation McRae, Kim Ellen, "Effects of PCB Contamination on the Environment and the Cultural Integrity of the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe in the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne" (2015). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 522. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/522 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at UVM ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of UVM ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF PCB CONTAMINATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE CULTURAL INTEGRITY OF THE ST. REGIS MOHAWK TRIBE IN THE MOHAWK NATION OF AKWESASNE A Dissertation Presented by Kim McRae to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Natural Resources May, 2015 Defense Date: May, 2015 Thesis Committee: Saleem Ali, Ph.D., Advisor Cecilia Danks, Ph.D., Co-Advisor Susan Comerford, Ph.D., Chair Glenn McRae, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of Graduate College ABSTRACT The following research project examines the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the environment and the cultural integrity of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe Environment Division Environmental Assessment Form Project Name: St. Regis River Water Main Crossing P
    Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe Environment Division Environmental Assessment Form Project Name: St. Regis River Water Main Crossing Project Developer: Colleen Thomas, Director, Planning & Infrastructure Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe Project Coordinator: Rob Henhawk, Field Superintendant Brent Herne, Construction Manager Address: 2817 State Route 95 Akwesasne NY 13655 Phone Number: 1-518-358-4205 FAX Number: 1-518-358-5919 Other Contacts: Shawn Martin Manager, Public Works Aaron Jarvis, Tisdel Associates, Project Engineer 1 © Copyright 2007 St. Regis Mohawk Tribe, or its Licensors. All rights reserved. Introduction It is the tradition of the Mohawk People to look seven generations ahead in making decisions that affect the community. It is in this spirit that the Environmental Review Process has been developed. The resources available on the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation are limited and dwindling with each year that passes. It is the intention of this process to increase awareness of available resources and ensure that all consideration of these resources is taken when initiating a project. Focus and vigilance are required to make sure the seventh generation will have all that is necessary to maintain and continue our way of life. This community is unique and consists of cultural resources that have survived countless efforts to eliminate them and they are deserving of our protection and care. Development can proceed and remain in harmony with the cultural values passed on to us by our ancestors, but it requires forethought and effort. The land and resources should be considered as a gift to pass down to future generations, and as such it should remain as whole, intact, and healthy as it was received so that it may sustain them.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloetscher Collection
    BLOETSCHER COLLECTION SPECIAL COLLECTIONS – AKRON-SUMMIT COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY SPECIAL COLLECTIONS #: 2004-5 ACQUISTION: The collection was donated by Virginia Chase Bloetscher in 2004. ACCESS: Restricted access: materials fragile; access by request at Main Library archives only; material does not circulate. VOLUME: 8 storage boxes and books, 10 LF. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: Virginia Chase Bloetscher was a local author, storyteller, and historian who lived in Cuyahoga Falls and specialized in local Native American history. Her book, Indians of the Cuyahoga Valley and Vicinity was published in 1980 by the North American Indian Culture Center, Inc. The second revised edition was published by Cuyahoga Valley Archaeological Society in 1997. SCOPE AND CONTENT: The collection consists of a wide variety of documents from Ms. Bloetscher’s manuscripts, presentation notes, slides and photographs, research notes, clippings, posters, artifacts, copies of treaties and maps, and fiction and non-fiction books pertaining to Native Americans. The collection also includes correspondence, manuscripts, articles and clippings from various people she networked with from the 1970s through the 1990s. ARRANGEMENT: Arranged by format and types of materials. NOTE: All measurements are approximate. Box measurements include lid. ABBREVIATIONS: (bw) = black and white (col) = color INVENTORY: SERIES I: SLIDES Slides used for presentations by Ms. Bloetscher. BOX 1 (4 ½ x 6 x 5 ¼”) includes: SLIDE CONTAINERS 1-3: Scenes of miscellaneous Native American locations showing mounds, ceremonial and treaty sites, trails, etc. SLIDE CONTAINERS 4 & 5: Miscellaneous slides of charts, drawings, and Native American artifacts. SERIES II: PHOTOGRAPHS ENVELOPES 1-6: (bw; 2 ½ x 3 ¼”) scenes of Native American locations. Each photo is marked 1 through 6 on the back with a blue marker.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlers, “Savages,” and Slaves: Assimilation, Racialism, and the Civilizing Mission in French Colonial Louisiana
    SETTLERS, “SAVAGES,” AND SLAVES: ASSIMILATION, RACIALISM, AND THE CIVILIZING MISSION IN FRENCH COLONIAL LOUISIANA Jeffrey Ryan Harris A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in the Department of History Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Lloyd S. Kramer Kathleen A. DuVal Jay M. Smith © 2013 Jeffrey Ryan Harris ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT JEFFREY RYAN HARRIS: Settlers, “Savages,” and Slaves: Assimilation, Racialism, and the Civilizing Mission in French Colonial Louisiana (Under the direction of Lloyd S. Kramer, Kathleen A. DuVal, and Jay M. Smith) French-Amerindian interaction in the Louisiana colony forced French people to define what French identity was and who could be included in it. Some colonists believed that non-Europeans were assimilable and could—if properly educated and Christianized—become “French” like them. Others believed that non-Europeans were inferior and could corrupt French civilization if not kept in their place. Although the racialist perspective eventually prevailed in mid-eighteenth-century Louisiana, the Louisiana colony represented the continuity of earlier French fantasies of assimilating Indians, as well as the deeper history of racist pseudoscience. The debate in Louisiana between Catholic assimilationists and racial essentialists presaged the later tension throughout the French empire between the French Revolution’s republican universalism and nineteenth-century pseudoscientific racism. The race debate in eighteenth-century Louisiana illuminates the Old Regime origins of nineteenth- and twentieth-century French colonial ideology and the global influence of the French colonial experience in the Gulf South.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Virginia
    14 Facts & Photos Profiles of Virginia History of Virginia For thousands of years before the arrival of the English, vari- other native peoples to form the powerful confederacy that con- ous societies of indigenous peoples inhabited the portion of the trolled the area that is now West Virginia until the Shawnee New World later designated by the English as “Virginia.” Ar- Wars (1811-1813). By only 1646, very few Powhatans re- chaeological and historical research by anthropologist Helen C. mained and were policed harshly by the English, no longer Rountree and others has established 3,000 years of settlement even allowed to choose their own leaders. They were organized in much of the Tidewater. Even so, a historical marker dedi- into the Pamunkey and Mattaponi tribes. They eventually cated in 2015 states that recent archaeological work at dissolved altogether and merged into Colonial society. Pocahontas Island has revealed prehistoric habitation dating to about 6500 BCE. The Piscataway were pushed north on the Potomac River early in their history, coming to be cut off from the rest of their peo- Native Americans ple. While some stayed, others chose to migrate west. Their movements are generally unrecorded in the historical record, As of the 16th Century, what is now the state of Virginia was but they reappear at Fort Detroit in modern-day Michigan by occupied by three main culture groups: the Iroquoian, the East- the end of the 18th century. These Piscataways are said to have ern Siouan and the Algonquian. The tip of the Delmarva Penin- moved to Canada and probably merged with the Mississaugas, sula south of the Indian River was controlled by the who had broken away from the Anishinaabeg and migrated Algonquian Nanticoke.
    [Show full text]
  • Before Albany
    Before Albany THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. ...................................................... Tonawanda MERRYL H. TISCH, Vice Chancellor, B.A., M.A. Ed.D. ........................................ New York SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................... New Rochelle JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ....................................................... Peru ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ......................................................................... Syracuse GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ......................................................... Belle Harbor ARNOLD B. GARDNER, B.A., LL.B. ...................................................................... Buffalo HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ................................................................... Hartsdale JOSEPH E. BOWMAN,JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D. ................................ Albany JAMES R. TALLON,JR., B.A., M.A. ...................................................................... Binghamton MILTON L. COFIELD, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ........................................................... Rochester ROGER B. TILLES, B.A., J.D. ............................................................................... Great Neck KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A. ............................................................... Brooklyn NATALIE M. GOMEZ-VELEZ, B.A., J.D. ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Delaware Indian's Reservation
    A Delaware Indian’s Reservation : Samuel Cassman vs. Goldsmith C. Gilbert Dolores M. Lahrman and Ross S. Johnson* At St. Mary’s, Ohio, on October 3, 1818, commissioners of the United States, Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, concluded a treaty with the Delaware In- dians.* In that treaty the Delaware ceded to the United States all claim to their tribal lands in the newly formed state of Indiana in return for the promise of a “country to reside in, upon the west side of the Mississippi” and a guaran- tee of the “peaceful possession of the same.” Special provisions for several members of the tribe not expected to make the trek west were made in Article 7 of the treaty: One half section of land shall be granted to each of the following persons, namely : Isaac Wobby, Samuel Cassman, Elizabeth Petchaka, and Jacob Dick; and one quarter of a section of land shall be granted to each of the following persons, namely: Solomon Tindell and Benoni Tindell; all of whom are Delawares; which tracts of land shall be located, after the country is surveyed, at the first creek above the old fort on White river, and running up the river; and shall be held by the persons herein named, respectively, and their heirs; but shall never be conveyed or transferred without the approbation of the President of the United States.” * Dolores M. Lahrman is assistant archivist, Indiana University Archives, Bloomington. Ross S. Johnson is special collections librarian and associate professor of library service, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Reserves on the Prairies 243
    1985] INDIAN RESERVES ON THE PRAIRIES 243 INDIAN RESERVES ON THE PRAIRIES RICHARD H. BARTLETT~ Indian reserves comprise the only land left to the Indians of the Prairie Provinces. This paper endeavors to examine and explain the rights of ownership and administra­ tion held by the Indians and Governments in such lands. It endeavors to determine what the treaties between the Indians and the Crown promised and to what extent they have been fulfilled. Rights with respect to minerals and timber are examined in the course of the study. I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIANS RESERVES BY TREATY 1 Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan make up the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The southern reaches of the Provinces were the traditional lands of the plains' tribes: the Plains Cree, the Assiniboine, the Gros Ventre, the Blackfoot and the Sarcee. 2 To the north the forests were the territory of the Chipewyan, Beaver, Slave and Sekani tribes. 3 The traditional title of the Indians to their lands was recognized in the terms of the treaties that were entered into between the Crown in the right of the Dominion and the Indians. The treaties provided for the surrender of the Indian title in return for the establishment of reserves, guarantees as to hunting and fishing rights, annuities and certain social and economic undertakings. The treaties were entered into as the pressure of settlement and development demanded. Indian title in southern Manitoba and Saskat­ chewan was surrendered by Treaties #1 (1871), #2 (1871), #3 (1873) and #4 (1874). Central Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta was surrendered by Treaties #5 (1875) and #6 (1876).
    [Show full text]
  • Butlers of the Mohawk Valley: Family Traditions and the Establishment of British Empire in Colonial New York
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE December 2015 Butlers of the Mohawk Valley: Family Traditions and the Establishment of British Empire in Colonial New York Judd David Olshan Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Olshan, Judd David, "Butlers of the Mohawk Valley: Family Traditions and the Establishment of British Empire in Colonial New York" (2015). Dissertations - ALL. 399. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/399 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract: Butlers of the Mohawk Valley: Family Traditions and the Establishment of British Empire in Colonial New York Historians follow those tributaries of early American history and trace their converging currents as best they may in an immeasurable river of human experience. The Butlers were part of those British imperial currents that washed over mid Atlantic America for the better part of the eighteenth century. In particular their experience reinforces those studies that recognize the impact that the Anglo-Irish experience had on the British Imperial ethos in America. Understanding this ethos is as crucial to understanding early America as is the Calvinist ethos of the Massachusetts Puritan or the Republican ethos of English Wiggery. We don't merely suppose the Butlers are part of this tradition because their story begins with Walter Butler, a British soldier of the Imperial Wars in America.
    [Show full text]
  • Ohero:Kon “Under the Husk” Konon:Kwe, Haudenosaunee Confederacy
    Ohero:kon “Under the Husk” Konon:kwe, Haudenosaunee Confederacy The teenage years are an exciting but challenging phase of life. For Native youth, racism and mixed messages about identity can make the transition to adulthood particularly fraught, and may even lead to risky or self-destructive behavior. Within the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, a groundbreaking initiative to restore rites of passage for youth has engaged the entire community. The Ohero:kon ceremonial rite guides youth through Mohawk practices and teachings in the modern context, strengthening their cultural knowledge, self-confidence, and leadership skills. A Loss of Connection Located along the Saint Lawrence River, Akwesasne is home to approximately 13,000 Mohawks. A complex mix of governments exercise jurisdiction over its territory. The international border between the United States and Canada bisects Akwesasne lands, and the community shares a geography with two Canadian provinces (Ontario and Quebec) and one US state (New York). Within the community, there are two externally recognized governments—the Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, recognized by the US government, and the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne, recognized by the Canadian government—and two longhouse (traditional) governments. Additionally, the Mohawk people are part of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, which has a rich presence throughout the region. Incompatibility between the robust governance institutions and the policies of the colonizing governments has led to intense and, at times, violent political polarization within the community. Because of these schisms, the Mohawk people have found it difficult to resolve or even address many pressing social and governmental issues. The proliferation of contradicting laws, moral codes, and standards of behavior is another result, which fuels further divisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Schenectady County Historical Society
    Schenectady County Historical Society Newsletter Vol. 65, No. 1, 2021 | 518.374.0263 | schenectadyhistorical.org Schenectady's Relationship to Native America by Mike Diana, Education & Programs Manager An Introduction For many people, “American” history begins with European exploration of the continent. From there, the narrative invariably centers on the colonial perspective and, after 1776, the perspective of the United States. Consequently, the general public is generally uninformed about the Native American history that both predates the Pilgrims and persists to the present. And this article is by no means capable of addressing this broad historical issue. So let’s turn from this historical macrocosm to the microcosm of our own city, Schenectady. For the first century and a half of its existence, Schenectady shared a unique relationship with its neighbors to the west, a people known colloquially as “the Iroquois.” In my interactions with the public, I find most people misunderstand that relationship. Some visitors tend to imagine the Iroquois as a nebulous threat to the European settlers of Schenectady. Other younger visitors might think of the Iroquois as victims of the inexorable colonial and American conquest of the continent. Both conceptions are too simplistic. And so, in this article I will try my hand at describing the connection between the Iroquois and Schenectady. I’ll begin with a very basic introduction to who the Iroquois are. I’ll proceed to show how our city started as a small trading town, the vital point of contact between the Iroquois and the British colonial world. We’ll see how Schenectadians of the time were intimately familiar with the Iroquois and vice-versa.
    [Show full text]