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Lietuvos Edukologijos Universitetas Gamtos LIETUVOS EDUKOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS GAMTOS, MATEMATIKOS IR TECHNOLOGIJŲ FAKULTETAS BIOLOGIJOS IR CHEMIJOS KATEDRA Lina Deninienė NAUJI DUOMENYS APIE VILNIAUS IR MIESTO APYLINKIŲ MAŽŲJŲ GAUBTAGALVIŲ (LEPIDOPTERA, NEPTICULIDAE) FAUNĄ IR TROFINIUS RYŠIUS Magistro darbas (Biologija) Mokslinis vadovas Prof. habil. dr. Jonas R. Stonis Vilnius, 2016 TURINYS ĮVADAS ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. LITERATŪROS APŽVALGA ................................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Tyrimų istorija ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Bendroji mažųjų gaubtagalvių charakteristika ................................................................................. 7 1.3. Nepticulidae gyvybinės veiklos pėdsakai – minos .......................................................................... 9 1.3.1. Bendrieji bruožai ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2. Minų tipologija ............................................................................................................................ 11 2. DARBO TIKSLAS IR UŽDAVINIAI ................................................................................................... 12 3. TYRIMŲ METODAI ............................................................................................................................... 13 3.1. Minų rinkimo metodika ..................................................................................................................... 13 3.2. Rūšių identifikavimas pagal minos požymius ................................................................................ 13 3.3. Aptinkamumo nustatymas ................................................................................................................ 14 4. TYRIMŲ REZULTATAI ........................................................................................................................ 15 4.1. Išaiškintų rūšių sąvadas ..................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1. Laplandinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella lapponica (Wöcke) .................................................... 15 4.1.2. Gluosninis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella salicis (Stainton).......................................................... 16 4.1.3. Vijoklinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella freyella (Heyden) .......................................................... 17 4.1.4. Beržinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella betulicola (Stainton) ........................................................ 17 4.1.5. Pietinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella nivenburgensis (Preissecker) ........................................... 18 4.1.6. Apgaulingasis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella confusella (Wood, Walsingham) ........................ 19 4.1.7. Mažasis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella microtheriella (Stainton) ................................................ 19 4.1.8. Gelsvasis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella luteella (Stainton) .......................................................... 20 4.1.9. Liepinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella tiliae (Frey) ....................................................................... 20 4.1.10. Klevinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella aceris (Frey) .................................................................. 21 4.1.11. Spiralinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella prunetorum (Stainton) ................................................ 22 4.1.12. Tamsusis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella oxyacanthella (Stainton) ............................................ 23 4.1.13. Rudasis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella nylandriella (Tengström) .............................................. 23 4.1.14. Kriaušinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella pyri (Glitz) .................................................................. 24 4.1.15. Šunobelinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella catharticella (Stainton)........................................... 25 4.1.16. Pilkšvasis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella magdalenae (Klimesch) ............................................ 25 4.1.17. Hiubnerio gaubtagalvis – Stigmella hybnerella (Hübner) ................................................... 26 4.1.18. Obelinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella malella (Stainton).......................................................... 27 4.1.19. Erškėtinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella anomalella (Göze) ...................................................... 28 2 4.1.20. Karklinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella obliquella (Heinemann) .............................................. 28 4.1.21. Avietinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella splendidissimella (Herrich-Schäffer) ........................ 29 4.1.22. Slyvinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella plagicolella (Stainton) .................................................. 30 4.1.23. Šermukšninis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella sorbi (Stainton) ..................................................... 31 4.1.24. Miškinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella ruficapitella (Haworth) ................................................ 31 4.1.25. Ąžuolinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella roborella (Johansson) ................................................. 32 4.1.26. Alksninis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella glutinosae (Stainton)................................................... 33 4.1.27. Kriaušialapis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella minusculella (Herich-Schäffer) ........................... 33 4.1.28. Rudeninis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella desperatella (Frey) ..................................................... 34 4.1.29. Rausvapilvis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella trimaculella (Haworth) ......................................... 35 4.1.30. Dirvuolinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella aeneofasciella (Herrich-Schäffer) ......................... 36 4.1.31. Sausmedinis gaubtagalvis – Stigmella lonicerarum (Frey) ................................................ 36 4.1.32. Rūgštyninis gaubtagalvis – Enteucha acetosae (Stainton) ................................................. 37 4.1.33. Raibasis gaubtagalvis – Bohemannia pulverosella (Stainton)............................................ 38 4.1.34. Drebulinis gaubtagalvis – Ectoedemia argyropeza (Zeller) ............................................... 39 4.1.35. Tuopinis gaubtagalvis – Ectoedemia turbidella (Zeller) ..................................................... 39 4.1.36. Blindinis gabtagalvis – Ektoedemia intimella (Zeller) ........................................................ 40 4.1.37. Hanoverinis gaubtagalvis – Ektoedemia hannoverella (Glitz) ........................................... 41 4.1.38. Baltajuostis gaubtagalvis – Ektoedemia albafasciella (Heinemann) ................................. 41 4.1.39. Žemuoginis gaubtagalvis – Ektoedemia aruatella (Herrich-Schäffer) .............................. 42 4.1.40. Sodinis gaubtagalvis – Ektoedemia atricollis (Stainton) .................................................... 42 4.1.41. Katuoginis gaubtagalvis – Ectoedemia rubivora (Wöcke) ................................................. 43 4.1.42. Apskritasis gaubtagalvis – Ectoedemia occultella (Linnaeus) ........................................... 43 4.1.43. Jonažolinis gaubtagalvis – Fomoria septembrella (Stainton) ............................................ 44 4.1.44. Brukninis gaubtagalvis – Fomoria weaveri (Stainton) ........................................................ 45 4.1.45. Sparnavaisinis gaubtagalvis – Etainia sericopeza (Zeller) ................................................. 45 4.2. Išaiškintų Nepticulidae taksonominė sudėtis ................................................................................. 46 4.3. Mažųjų gaubtagalvių aptinkamumas ir trofiniai ryšiai ................................................................. 47 4.4. Dažnųjų ir retųjų rūšių trofiniai ryšiai ............................................................................................. 54 4.5. Aptiktų rūšių minavimo specializacija ir kultūrinių augalų minavimas ..................................... 59 5. IŠVADOS................................................................................................................................................... 63 LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS ....................................................................................................................... 65 SANTRAUKA ............................................................................................................................................... 67 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 68 3 ĮVADAS Primityviųjų Microlepidoptera (Insecta: Lepidoptera) tyrimai pastaruoju metu vis plačiau atliekami įvertinant tiek praktinę, tiek teorinę reikšmę – šių smulkiųjų vabzdžių tyrimai yra reikšmingi kaip bendrųjų faunogenetinių procesų indikatorius (Diškus, Puplesis, 2003). Šie smulkūs kenkėjai dėl sėslaus gyvenimo būdo ir endemizmo yra paplitę visuose sausumos biomuose ir puikiai charakterizuoja biomo biologinės įvairovės turtingumą, kilmę bei gamtinius ryšius (Diškus, Puplesis, 2003; Rocienė, 2014). Nepaisant padidėjusio susidomėjimo primityvieji Microlepidoptera išlieka gana mažai analizuoti ir ne iki galo inventorizuoti. Pastaruoju metu ypač aktualiomis tapo primityviausios Lepidoptera būrio šeimos, pasižyminčios archajiška ir kartu labai specializuota sandara. Viena iš įdomiausių
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