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General Assembly UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/37/56U It November 1982 ASSEMBLY ENGLISH ORIGINAL: FRENCH Thirty-seventh session Agenda item 12 REPORT OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Protection of human rights in Chile Note by the Secretary-General The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly the report prepared by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Chile in accordance with paragiaph 6 of Commission on Human Rights resolution 1982/25 of 10 March 1982. GE.82-12365 82- 331+52 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . ...................... .......... 1-10 Chapters I. THE CONSTITUTIONAL IRAMEWOEK AND HUMAN RIGHTS 11-20 A. The Political Constitution of I 98O ................ 11-14 5 B- Ihstitutiorial ization of the state of emergency . • • 15-19 6 C. Anti-terrorism legislation and military jurisdiction ....................................... 2.0 10 II. THE RIGHT TO LIFE. THE RIGHT TO PHYSICAL AND MORAL INTEGRITY ....................................... 21-54 11 A, Right to l i f e ........................ ............ 21-42 11 1. Cases of abuse of authority or misuse of weapons в................. 23-39 11 2. The death penalty ............................ 40-42. 16 B. Right to physical and moral integrity ............ 43-54 17 1. Prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment . 43-51 17 2. Judicial protection of the right to physical and moral integrity ........................... 52-54 20 THE RIGHT TO LIBEETY AND SECURITY OP PERSON ............ 55-108 22 A. Right to l i b e r t y ...................... ............ 55-82 22 1. Illegal arrests .......................... .. 55-71 22 (a) Arbitrary nature of arrests ............ 60-61 23 (b) Arrests at public gatherings ............ 62-66 24 (c) Illegal nature of arrests. Competence of security bodies ........ ....... 67-66 28 (d) Judicial supervision of the arbitrary and illegal nature of arrests .......... 69-71 29 2. Missing persons .......................... 72.-82. 31 (a) Results of judicial investigations .... 74-75 31 (b) New cases .............................. 76-80 32 (c) Difficulties experienced by relatives of missing detainees .................... 81-82. 34 СОВ'ЖЫТЗ V.ontimed) Paragraphs .Bago B. Right to seourity.......................... .. 83-108 56 1. Persecution acts of intimidation .... 83-95 .56 (a) The Comunidad Catacumha case ..... 88-89 38 (h) Other specific cases ................ 90-93 39 (c) Effects of acts of intimidation .... 94-95 40 2 . Conditions of detention in prison estahlishments 96-IO8 40 (a) Agreement of 2.4 July 1978 concerning persons detained for crimes of opinion. 97-99 41 (b) Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners .............. 100-102 4 2 : (c) State of health of prisoners; the case of botulism poisoning .......... 1G3-108. ; 43 IV. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT ........................ 109-132 ■ 48 A. Right to enter and leave the country freely . 109-127 48 . 1 . Circular of 11 February I98O .............. 115 50 2 . Massive exodus of Chileans ......... 116-127 50 Б. Freedom of movement and freedom to choose one's residence; enforced residence .......... 12,8-132 57 V. RIGHT TO PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES ...................... 133-164 60 A. Eight to an effective remedy .................. 133-156 60 1 . The remedy of protection and the remedy of amparos Question of their effectiveness. 137-149 . Ф 1 2 . The Supreme Court decision of 28 April I982 concerning the right to an effective remedy. 150-156 68 B. Special jurisdiction .......................... 157-164 73 1 . Right to eQuality in the administration of j u s t i c e .............................. .. 157-158 73 2 . Competence of the military courts in time of peace .................................. 159-160 74 3. Competence of the military courts in time of war .................................... 161-164 75 EIGHT TO PRIVACY. RIGHT TO T'REEDOM OF THOUGHT, OPINION AND EXPRESSION .............................. 165-I82 79 A. Right to privacy .............................. 165-171 79 B. Right to freedom of thought, opinion and expression . , ........ 172-182 . 83 A/57/564 page iv CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page VIT. RIGHT TO THE PUBLIC Е Е Е Е В О Ш ........................... 183-200 90 A. Right of peaceful assembly ........................ 183-186 90 R« t;igx:t of a.sso'-'.j •A . i c u ..................... 187-193 92 C. Right of participation ............................ 194-197 94 D. Right of petition .................................. 198-200 96 VIII. ECONOmC ANT SOCIAL RIGHTS .............................. 201-215 97 A. Eight to work. Access to employment .............. 201-208 97 B. Working conditions ................................ 209-211 102 C. Right of children and young persons to special protection .......................................... 212-215 103 IX. TRADE UNION RIGHTS ...................................... 216-226 106 A. Right of trade union association .................. 2.16-221 106 B. Right to bargain collectively ...................... 222-225 110 C. Right to strike ..................................... 226 112 X. CULTURAL RIGHTS. RIGHTS OP MINORITIES ................. 227-248 114 A. Right to education and culture .................... 227-238 114 B. Rights of the indigenous minorities ................ 239-248 119 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................. 249-269 123 Annex. List of 69 persons subjected to torture (January-May 1982) INTRODUCTION 1. By resolution A/36/157s para.gra.ph 7? of l6 December 1981? the General Assembly invited the Commission on Ншаап Rights "to extend the manda.te of the Special Rapporteur for another year" and reQuested the Commission "to report on the human rights situation in Chile, through the Economic and Social Council, to the General Assembly at its thirty-seventh session". In its turn, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution I 982/25 of 10 March 1982 in which (para.. 6) it decided "to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur for one year" a.nd reQuested him "to report on further develop.ments in the situa.tion of huma,n rights in Chile to the General Assembly a.t its thirty-seventh session and the Comjnission on Human Eights a.t its thirty-ninth session". In a.ddition, the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination a.nd Protection of Minorities adopted resolution 1982/19 of 9 September 1982 in which, inter alia., it recommended to the Commission on Human Eights tha.t "it ma.inta.in vigilance in relation to the evolution of human rights and fundamental liberties in Chile". 2. The interna.tional community expressed its urgent concern in the above- mentioned resolutions, whose substa.nce constitutes the manda.te which it has entrusted to the Specia.l Ea.pporteur. This urgent concern rela.tes to; The institutionaliza.tion of the state of emergency, which rema.ins in force under the twenty-fourth transitiona.l provision of the Constitution ("the exceptional sta.te of emergency due to threa.ts to internal pea,ce") and a.rticle 41? pa.ra.graph 4? of the Constitution ("the sta.te of emergency") | The a.rbitra.ry detentions a.nd physica.1 or psychological intimida.tion^ The persecution of persons exercising their freedom of opinion or petition; The situation of political deta.inees; Non-observance of the right to life, persecution, intimidation, the phenomenon of torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading trea.tment resulting in unexplained dea.ths, together with the punishment of those responsible; The fa.te of persons reported missing; The restora.tion of tra.de union rights, including the right to strike; The restora.tion of civil and political rights and freedoms, in pa.rticular the freedom of a.ssembly a.nd a.ssocia.tion, the right to live in, enter or lea.ve the country freely, a.nd the a.bolition of the pra.ctice of local expulsion. 3 . In ca.rrying out his ta.sk, as defined by the interna.tiona,! community, the Special Ea.pporteur ha.s pa.id pa.rticula.r a.ttention to the points of concern mentioned a.bove. He is obliged to report once again tha.t, despite the reQuests of the Genera.l Assembly, the Commission on Huma.n Rights a.nd the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimina.tion a.nd Protection of Minorities, he did not benefit from the co-operation of the Chilea.n Government. This Government has in fa.ct withheld its co-opera,tion from the Special Ea.pporteur since the thirty-fifth session h ñ lIb S A page 2 of the General Assembly; in a. document before the General Assembly at that session, 1/ the Chilean Government Questioned the procedure followed for the examination of the human rights situation in Chile and stated that that special procedure wa.s "discriminatory". This attitude was considered by the organs concerned; at its thirty-sixth session the General Assembly once again deplored "the fact that the Chilean authorities ha.ve consistently refused to co-operate with the Special Rapporteur appointed by the Commission on Human Rights and with other United Nations bodies in the field of human rights". 2/ For its part, the Commission on Human Eights at its thirty-eighth session rejected "the attitude of the Chilean authorities in not co-operating with the Special Rapporteur and not complying with Chile's obliga.tions under va.rious international human rights instruments". 3/ In addition, the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities recommended to the Commission on Human Eights tha.t it should call upon the Chilean authorities
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