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TABLE 7 - Trans-Ocean Fiber Optic Cable Capacity
TABLE 7 - Trans-Ocean Fiber Optic Cable Capacity Table 7 - Continued - Construction cost sources: Cable Source Trans - Atlantic - Operational: TAT-8 98 FCC 2 nd 447 (1984) PTAT 100 FCC 2 nd 1036 (1985) TAT-9 4 FCC Rcd 1130 (1989) TAT-10 7 FCC Rcd 445 (1992) TAT-11 7 FCC Rcd 136 (1992) TAT-12/13 8 FCC Rcd 4811 (1993) CANTAT-3 www.athens.actinc.bc.ca/ACT/news.oct/cable.html, downloaded 3/10/1997. Columbus II Application, filed on November 10, 1992, File No. ITC-93-029. CANUS-1 n.a. Atlantic Crossing (AC-1) www.submarinesystems.com/tssl/newswire/netherlands.htm, downloaded 12/15/99. Gemini www.cwplc.com/press/1996/p96oct28.htm, downloaded 6/18/1998. Columbus III www.att.com/press/0298/980211.cia.html, downloaded 7/1/1998. Level 3 www.simplextech.com/news/pr990511.html, downloaded 12/01/1999. TAT-14 www.francetelecomna.com/nr/nr_prre/nr_prre_9-2-98_tat.htm, downloaded 12/14/1999. FLAG Atlantic - 1 www.flagatlantic.com/gts_and_flag_131099.htm, downloaded 12/14/1999. Hibernia Atlantic (formerly 360atlantic) www.worldwidefiber.com/html/news_14july1999.html, downloaded 11/29/1999. Tyco Atlantic n.a. Apollo www.techweb.com/wire/story/TWB20010112S0004, downloaded 10/15/2003. Americas - Operational: Americas I Application, filed on November 10, 1992, File No. ITC-93-030 TCS-1 5 FCC Rcd 101 (1990) Taino-Carb 7 FCC Rcd 4275 (1992) BAHAMAS II n.a. Antillas I n.a. Pan American Cable System www.twoten.press.net/stories/headlines/BUSINESS_mci_Cable.html, downloaded 2/27/98. Americas II www.investors.tycoint.com/news/19980302-5261.htm, downloaded 12/15/1999. -
In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades Of
66 n o v voice 2012 of the ISSn 1948-3031 Industry System Upgrades Edition In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades of Upgrading Cables Systems? More Possibilities That You Originally Think Of! Excellence Reach, Reliability And Return On Investment: The 3R’s To Optimal Subsea Architecture Statistics Issue Issue Issue #64 Issue #3 #63 #2 Released Released Issue Released Released #65 Released 2 ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers ovember in America is the month Forum brand which we will be rolling out we celebrate Thanksgiving. It during the course of the year, and which CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, is also the month SubTel Forum we believe will further enhance your James Barton, Bertrand Clesca, Dr Herve Fevrier, N Stephen Jarvis, Brian Lavallée, Pete LeHardy, celebrates our anniversary of existence, utility and enjoyment. We’re going to kick Vinay Rathore, Dr. Joerg Schwartz that now being 11 years going strong. it up a level or two, and think you will like the developments . And as always, it will Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is When Ted and I established our little be done at no cost to our readers. published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms magazine in 2001, our hope was to get Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial enough interest to keep it going for a We will do so with two key founding publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected while. We had a list of contacts, an AOL principles always in mind, which annually with submarine optical fiber technologies and email address and a song in our heart; the I reaffirm to you, our readers: techniques. -
March 30, 2015 by ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12Th Street, S.W. Washin
(202) 223-7323 (202) 204-7371 [email protected] March 30, 2015 BY ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20554 Re: Joint Application for Transfer of Control of Cable Landing Licenses from Columbus Networks, Limited to Cable & Wireless Communications Plc, File Nos. SCL-T/C-20141121-00013 and SCL-T/C-20141121-00014; Applications for Transfer of Control of Section 214 Authorizations from Columbus Networks, Limited to Cable & Wireless Communications Plc, File Nos. ITC-T/C-20141121-00304 and ITC-T/C-20141121-00307 Dear Ms. Dortch: On Thursday, March 26, 2015, the undersigned counsel and representatives of Cable & Wireless Communications Plc (“C&W”) and Columbus Networks, Limited (“CNL”) met with members of the Commission’s staff to discuss the above-cited pending applications, and in particular Digicel’s pleadings and ex parte filing in the proceeding. Doc#: US1:9949275v3 Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary 2 Attending this meeting on behalf of Cable & Wireless Communications Plc were Belinda Bradbury, General Counsel, and Simeon Irvine, Chief Executive, Wholesale. C&W outside counsel Patrick Campbell and Diane Gaylor of Paul,Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP also attended. Attending on behalf of Columbus Networks, Limited were Paul Scott, President and Chief Operating Officer, Columbus Networks USA, Inc., and Victor A. Lago, Vice President of Legal Affairs, Columbus Networks USA, Inc. CNL outside counsel Ulises Pin of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP also attended. Commission staff in attendance were, from the International Bureau, Nese Guendelsberger, Deputy Bureau Chief (by phone); Kathleen Collins, Assistant Bureau Chief; Walt Strack, Assistant Bureau Chief and Chief Economist; Howard Griboff, Acting Division Chief, Policy Division; David Krech, Associate Division Chief, Policy Division; Mark Uretsky, Senior Economist, Policy Division; Jodi Cooper, Senior Attorney, Policy Division; and, from the Office of General Counsel, James Bird. -
T He Growing Noncommunicable Disease Burden, a Challenge for the Countries of the Americas1
FEATURE T HE GROWING NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE BURDEN, A CHALLENGE FOR THE COUNTRIES OF THE AMERICAS1 Jorge Litvak,2 his Ruiz,3 Helena E. Restrepo,3 and Alfred McAlister* Introduction Social and demographic trends in Western Hemisphere populations are introducing new challenges to public health. As sanitary conditions improve and population growth slows, health conditions change in a predictable pattern: the share of illnesses and deaths caused by infectious disease and perinatal difficulties declines, while the share caused by noncommunicable diseasesincreases. Life expectancy rises when premature deaths during infancy and childhood are prevented. But premature and pre- ventable deaths are not eradicated; they are merely shifted to later ages and different causes-including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,can- cers, accidents, liver disease, and diabetes. There is growing evidence that a significant proportion of these premature deaths, and even of new casesof illness among adults, can be prevented by inducing changes in the popula- tion’s life-style (I)-that is, by reducing smoking and alcohol abuse, by im- proving diets and increasing physical activity, by reducing obesity, and by making certain other changes in health services, safety practices, and envi- ronmental conditions (2). Consequently, the application of be- havioral sciencesin promoting healthier life-styles emerges as the next great ’ This ankle will also be published in Spanish in the Bob% de la Ojkitia Sanitaria Panamenkana. 2 Program Coordinator, Health of Adults Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., USA. 3 Regional Adviser in Chronic Diseases, Health of Adults Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., USA. 4 Associate Director for Community Studies; Center for Health Promotion, Research. -
2013 Submarine Cable Market Industry Report
submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2013 Authored by Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 2 March 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: pending 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1. Foreword 10 2. Introduction 11 3. Executive Summary 13 4. Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 18 4.1 Overview of Historical System Investment 20 4.2 2008 – 2012 Systems in Review 20 4.3 Systems Investment in 2013 and Beyond 21 5. Supplier Analysis 25 5.1 System Suppliers 25 5.2 Upgrade Suppliers 26 6. Ownership Analysis 28 6.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 28 7. Regional Market Analysis and Capacity Outlook 31 7.1 Transatlantic -
The Hidden Meaning in Those Letters and Numbers
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 19 [Special Issue – October 2012] The Hidden Meaning in Those Letters and Numbers Chuck Higgins, Ph.D. Dept. Finance/CIS Loyola Marymount Univ. 1 LMU Drive Los Angeles, CA 90045-8385 USA We all find number and letter codes around us. Many of these are both relevant and often easy to decode. Included herein are those most of us encounter: airport/ airline/airplane codes, alphabets, bonds, Braille, broadcast call letters, radio AM/FM, television, checks, corporations, credit cards, dates, highways, internet, license plates, measures, money, numbers, postal codes, postage stamps, railroads/trains, ships/boats, Social Security, stocks, telephone, temperature, time, and universal product codes. Not included herein are those that are field specific or important only to specialists. Thus not included are codes found in science, technology, special fields, and commerce; examples excluded include chemistry and physics, model numbers, ham radio and hobbies, expiration dates, and so on. All graphics herein are from Wikipedia or are mine. Thank you to Michelle Yeung and Zbigniew Przasnyski for their suggestions. Airports/Airlines/Airplanes ABC Airport codes are three letter mnemonics (four letters instead for pilots), some with historic references (ORD for O’Hare Airport previously called Orchard Field and MSY for New Orleans’ Moisant Field); see www.skygod.com for a full history. In the U.S. there are rarely airport codes starting with K, N, or W. The codes for Canadian airports usually start with a Y, but the reverse may not be true (YUM for Yuma International for example). A recommended website for flights is www.airfare.com . -
Artistic Swimming
ARTISTIC SWIMMING EVENTS Women (3) Duets Teams Highlight Mixed (1) Duets QUOTA Qualification Host NOC Total Men 7 1 8 Women 64 8 72 Total 71 9 80 athletes MAXIMUM QUOTA PER NOC EVENT Qualification Host NOC Total Duets 1 duet (2 athletes) 1 duet (2 athletes) 12 duets of 2 athletes Teams 1 team (8 athletes) 1 team (8 athletes) 8 teams of 8 athletes Highlight 1 team (8 athletes) 1 team (8 athletes) 8 teams of 8 athletes Mixed Duets 1 duet (2 athletes) 1 duet (2 athletes) 8 Duets of 2 athletes Total 9 athletes (8 women + 1 man) 9 athletes (8 women + 1 man) 80 athletes (72 women + 8 men) Athletes may register for more than one event. Eight teams with a maximum of 8 (eight) athletes each may participate in the team and highlight competition (no reserves will be allowed). Eight duets with a maximum of 2(two) athletes (one man and one woman) each may participate in the mixed duet competition (no reserves will be allowed). Twelve teams with a maximum of 24 athletes (no reserves will be allowed) may participate in the duet competition. As Host Country, Colombia automatically will qualify one team in each event, with a maximum of 9 athletes (8 women and 1 man). Athlete eligibility The athletes must have signed and submitted the Athlete Eligibility Condition Form. Only NOCs recognized by Panam Sports whose national swimming federations are affiliated with the International Swimming Federation (FINA) and the Union Americana de Natación (UANA) may enter athletes in the Cali 2021 Junior Pan American Games. -
2019 Circuit Capacity Data for US-International Submarine Cables
2019 Circuit Capacity Data For U.S.-International Submarine Cables Table 1 Section 43.82 Circuit Capacity Filers (2019) – Entities that filed a cable operator and/or capacity holder report. Table 2 Number of Reports Filed By Submarine Cable Operators (2019) Table 3 Submarine Cable Operator Reports (in Gbps) (2019/2021) – Information on available and planned capacity data for each U.S.-international submarine cable on an individual and regional basis. Table 4 Submarine Cable Operator Capacity Trend Data (in Gbps) – Detailed capacity trend data for each U.S.-international submarine cable. Table 5 Submarine Cable Capacity Holder Reports by Region (2019) – Information regarding capacity holder data (i.e., cable capacity leased or owned) on a regional basis. Table 6 Percentage of Total Available Capacity Reported (2019) – Information regarding the capacity reported in the cable operator reports and owned capacity in the capacity holder reports on a regional basis. Attachment A U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Region, Cable, and Foreign Landing Point as of December 31, 2019 Attachment B U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Region, Foreign Landing Point, and Cable as of December 31, 2019 Attachment C U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Number of Landing Points Per Country and Region and a Frequency Table Summarizing Foreign Landing Points Per Country as of December 31, 2019 Source: International Bureau, Federal Communications Commission For definitions of terms and instructions on filing procedures, please refer to the Filing Manual (Feb. 2020) For further information on current and past reports, see https://www.fcc.gov/circuit-capacity-data-us-international-submarine-cables Table 1 Section 43.82 Circuit Capacity Filers (2019) Submarine Submarine Cable Cable Capacity No. -
ITU-Dstudygroups
ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite. -
Technology and the Geography of the Foreign Exchange Market
Working Paper Series Barry Eichengreen Cables, Sharks and Servers: Romain Lafarguette and Arnaud Mehl Technology and the Geography of the Foreign Exchange Market No 1889 / March 2016 Note: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the European Central Bank (ECB). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB Abstract We analyze the impact of technology on production and trade in services, focusing on the foreign exchange market. We identify exogenous technological changes by the connection of countries to submarine fiber- optic cables used for electronic trading, but which were not laid for purposes related to the foreign exchange market. We estimate the impact of cable connections on the share of offshore foreign exchange transactions. Cable connections between local markets and matching servers in the major financial centers lower the fixed costs of trading currencies and increase the share of currency trades occurring onshore. At the same time, however, they attenuate the effect of standard spatial frictions such as distance, local market liquidity, and restrictive regulations that otherwise prevent transactions from moving to the major financial centers. Our estimates suggest that the second effect dominates. Technology dampens the impact of spatial frictions by up to 80 percent and increases, in net terms, the share of offshore trading by 21 percentage points. Technology also has economically important implications for the distribution of foreign exchange transactions across financial centers, boosting the share in global turnover of London, the world’s largest trading venue, by as much as one-third. -
How Diplomacy Can Strengthen Asia-Europe's Digital Connectivity
2.1. From Harmonising Cyberpolicies to Promoting Twiplomacy: How Diplomacy Can Strengthen Asia-Europe’s Digital Connectivity Jovan KURBALIJA1 Abstract Together Asia and Europe accommodate more than two billion Internet users, which accounts for about two-thirds of the global user base, and this number is still growing. With the ever-expanding number of users, the Internet drives global social and economic developments; social media is central to the lives of many Asians and Europeans and e-commerce is facilitating international and inter-regional economic linkages. At the same time, with the heightened dependence on the Internet, the risks of cyber threats have exponentially grown. How can Asian and European diplomats capture the benefits of the Internet-facilitated connections, while cooperating to ensure cybersecurity? This chapter provides an analysis of the digital connectivity between Asia and Europe, seen from a diplomatic perspective. After the introductory remarks, the first section addresses digital geoeconomics and geopolitics and provides an analysis of the impact of the Internet on the fast- changing political, social, and economic environment for diplomatic activities. The second section outlines the ways in which Asia and Europe deal with digital policy issues as an important pre-condition for more intensive digital connectivity. In particular, the analysis focuses on how the two regions address the main digital policy challenges, including the regulation of the Internet infrastructure, privacy and data governance, cybersecurity, and content policy. 1 The research was conducted with the help of Ms Barbara Rosen Jacobson, Research Assistant at DiploFoundation. Data- analysis was provided by Dr Goran Milovanovic, Data Scientist at DiploFoundation. -
Nber Working Paper Series Cables, Sharks and Servers
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CABLES, SHARKS AND SERVERS: TECHNOLOGY AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET Barry Eichengreen Romain Lafarguette Arnaud Mehl Working Paper 21884 http://www.nber.org/papers/w21884 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 January 2016, Revised April 2021 We are grateful to Mark Aguiar, Pol Antràs, Thorsten Beck, Geert Bekaert, Bruno Biais, Jérôme Busca, Estelle Cantillon, Giancarlo Corsetti, Alexander Duering, Torsten Ehlers, Benoît Geller, Jérôme Héricourt, Jean Imbs, Takatoshi Ito, Amit Khandelwal, Philip Lane, Istvan Mak, Guy- Charles Marhic, Philippe Martin, Martin Uribe, Frank Packer, Hashem Pesaran, Romain Rancière, Andrew Rose, Alan Taylor and Xavier Vives for comments and discussions, as well as to seminar participants at the ECB, Goethe University Frankfurt and USC Dornsife and to participants at the Clausen Center Conference on Global Economic Issues, Berkeley, and to the Cambridge-INET conference on the microstructure of the FX market for comments. We thank Ziqi Li for excellent research assistance. We are also grateful to Denis Pêtre and Philip Wooldridge for providing unpublished Bank for International Settlements data on offshore foreign exchange trading. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB, the Eurosystem, the IMF, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2016 by Barry Eichengreen, Romain Lafarguette, and Arnaud Mehl. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.