Globenet Corporate Presentation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Cabos Submarinos: A oferta e o que vem pela frente A posição dos Stakeholders Erick W. Contag | Executive Chairman Fortaleza, Brasil – Marco 26, 2018 99% of the Global Internet is connected via Subsea Cables Plenty of new cable systems under development READY TODAY FOR TOMORROW AWARD WINNING SERVICE PROVIDER IN THE AMERICAS FROM CAPACITY To a compelling portfolio of services NEUTRALITY 18 INTERNATIONAL Unlike other wholesale POPS IN STRATEGIC carriers, we are locations (New York, Miami, independent, with no Caracas, Bogotá, Rio de boundaries and a totally Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza, neutral approach Barranquilla, Manaos, etc.) WE OWN AND WITH 100G OPERATE NETWORKS a state-of-the-art 23,500 and an integrated and km. fiber-optic system, competitive portfolio of highly scalable, with the LEADING services, we ensure our lowest latency in the North customers are always to South America route connected today, and and 99.99% service INTERNATIONAL ready for the challenges availability of tomorrow INFRASTRUCTURE provider in the Americas “Today the only constant is change, and the rate of change is increasing. Your competition is no longer the multinational corporation overseas, it’s now the guy or gal in the Silicon Valley or Mumbai garage using the latest online tools to design and cloud print their latest innovation.” Peter Diamandis | XPRIZE Foundation | Singularity University Brazil is well served by Subsea Cables Plenty of new cable systems under development 2002 2018 Americas I (1994) Source: GlobeNet & TeleGeography Americas II (2000) Mid-American Crossing (MAC) (2000) South American Crossing (SAC) (2000) SouthAmerica-1 (SAm-1) (2001) GlobeNet (2002) AMX-1 (2014) PCCS (2015) Monet (2017) Seabras-1 (2017) Tannat (2017) Junior (2017) BRUSA (2018) SACS (2018) SAIL (2018) Fortaleza: A new epicenter for International Connectivity, Internet Exchange, and Innovation . New fiber networks . New PIX @ GlobeNet CLS . New Subsea Cables . New Data Centers . And more to come .. A few Thoughts … and Opportunities Things to Watch: . Exponential growth in Data / Internet . Innovation is the FUTURE of Telecom . OTTs are driving technological change Media Rich Content 5G / IoT Live Streaming Autonomous Vehicles Media Rich Content Muito Obrigado! Erick W. Contag Executive Chairman Fortaleza, Brasil – Marco 26, 2018 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

TABLE 7 - Trans-Ocean Fiber Optic Cable Capacity
TABLE 7 - Trans-Ocean Fiber Optic Cable Capacity Table 7 - Continued - Construction cost sources: Cable Source Trans - Atlantic - Operational: TAT-8 98 FCC 2 nd 447 (1984) PTAT 100 FCC 2 nd 1036 (1985) TAT-9 4 FCC Rcd 1130 (1989) TAT-10 7 FCC Rcd 445 (1992) TAT-11 7 FCC Rcd 136 (1992) TAT-12/13 8 FCC Rcd 4811 (1993) CANTAT-3 www.athens.actinc.bc.ca/ACT/news.oct/cable.html, downloaded 3/10/1997. Columbus II Application, filed on November 10, 1992, File No. ITC-93-029. CANUS-1 n.a. Atlantic Crossing (AC-1) www.submarinesystems.com/tssl/newswire/netherlands.htm, downloaded 12/15/99. Gemini www.cwplc.com/press/1996/p96oct28.htm, downloaded 6/18/1998. Columbus III www.att.com/press/0298/980211.cia.html, downloaded 7/1/1998. Level 3 www.simplextech.com/news/pr990511.html, downloaded 12/01/1999. TAT-14 www.francetelecomna.com/nr/nr_prre/nr_prre_9-2-98_tat.htm, downloaded 12/14/1999. FLAG Atlantic - 1 www.flagatlantic.com/gts_and_flag_131099.htm, downloaded 12/14/1999. Hibernia Atlantic (formerly 360atlantic) www.worldwidefiber.com/html/news_14july1999.html, downloaded 11/29/1999. Tyco Atlantic n.a. Apollo www.techweb.com/wire/story/TWB20010112S0004, downloaded 10/15/2003. Americas - Operational: Americas I Application, filed on November 10, 1992, File No. ITC-93-030 TCS-1 5 FCC Rcd 101 (1990) Taino-Carb 7 FCC Rcd 4275 (1992) BAHAMAS II n.a. Antillas I n.a. Pan American Cable System www.twoten.press.net/stories/headlines/BUSINESS_mci_Cable.html, downloaded 2/27/98. Americas II www.investors.tycoint.com/news/19980302-5261.htm, downloaded 12/15/1999.
[Show full text]
In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades Of
66 n o v voice 2012 of the ISSn 1948-3031 Industry System Upgrades Edition In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades of Upgrading Cables Systems? More Possibilities That You Originally Think Of! Excellence Reach, Reliability And Return On Investment: The 3R’s To Optimal Subsea Architecture Statistics Issue Issue Issue #64 Issue #3 #63 #2 Released Released Issue Released Released #65 Released 2 ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers ovember in America is the month Forum brand which we will be rolling out we celebrate Thanksgiving. It during the course of the year, and which CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, is also the month SubTel Forum we believe will further enhance your James Barton, Bertrand Clesca, Dr Herve Fevrier, N Stephen Jarvis, Brian Lavallée, Pete LeHardy, celebrates our anniversary of existence, utility and enjoyment. We’re going to kick Vinay Rathore, Dr. Joerg Schwartz that now being 11 years going strong. it up a level or two, and think you will like the developments . And as always, it will Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is When Ted and I established our little be done at no cost to our readers. published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms magazine in 2001, our hope was to get Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial enough interest to keep it going for a We will do so with two key founding publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected while. We had a list of contacts, an AOL principles always in mind, which annually with submarine optical fiber technologies and email address and a song in our heart; the I reaffirm to you, our readers: techniques.
[Show full text]
March 30, 2015 by ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12Th Street, S.W. Washin
(202) 223-7323 (202) 204-7371 [email protected] March 30, 2015 BY ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20554 Re: Joint Application for Transfer of Control of Cable Landing Licenses from Columbus Networks, Limited to Cable & Wireless Communications Plc, File Nos. SCL-T/C-20141121-00013 and SCL-T/C-20141121-00014; Applications for Transfer of Control of Section 214 Authorizations from Columbus Networks, Limited to Cable & Wireless Communications Plc, File Nos. ITC-T/C-20141121-00304 and ITC-T/C-20141121-00307 Dear Ms. Dortch: On Thursday, March 26, 2015, the undersigned counsel and representatives of Cable & Wireless Communications Plc (“C&W”) and Columbus Networks, Limited (“CNL”) met with members of the Commission’s staff to discuss the above-cited pending applications, and in particular Digicel’s pleadings and ex parte filing in the proceeding. Doc#: US1:9949275v3 Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary 2 Attending this meeting on behalf of Cable & Wireless Communications Plc were Belinda Bradbury, General Counsel, and Simeon Irvine, Chief Executive, Wholesale. C&W outside counsel Patrick Campbell and Diane Gaylor of Paul,Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP also attended. Attending on behalf of Columbus Networks, Limited were Paul Scott, President and Chief Operating Officer, Columbus Networks USA, Inc., and Victor A. Lago, Vice President of Legal Affairs, Columbus Networks USA, Inc. CNL outside counsel Ulises Pin of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP also attended. Commission staff in attendance were, from the International Bureau, Nese Guendelsberger, Deputy Bureau Chief (by phone); Kathleen Collins, Assistant Bureau Chief; Walt Strack, Assistant Bureau Chief and Chief Economist; Howard Griboff, Acting Division Chief, Policy Division; David Krech, Associate Division Chief, Policy Division; Mark Uretsky, Senior Economist, Policy Division; Jodi Cooper, Senior Attorney, Policy Division; and, from the Office of General Counsel, James Bird.
[Show full text]
2013 Submarine Cable Market Industry Report
submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2013 Authored by Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 2 March 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: pending 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1. Foreword 10 2. Introduction 11 3. Executive Summary 13 4. Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 18 4.1 Overview of Historical System Investment 20 4.2 2008 – 2012 Systems in Review 20 4.3 Systems Investment in 2013 and Beyond 21 5. Supplier Analysis 25 5.1 System Suppliers 25 5.2 Upgrade Suppliers 26 6. Ownership Analysis 28 6.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 28 7. Regional Market Analysis and Capacity Outlook 31 7.1 Transatlantic
[Show full text]
2019 Circuit Capacity Data for US-International Submarine Cables
2019 Circuit Capacity Data For U.S.-International Submarine Cables Table 1 Section 43.82 Circuit Capacity Filers (2019) – Entities that filed a cable operator and/or capacity holder report. Table 2 Number of Reports Filed By Submarine Cable Operators (2019) Table 3 Submarine Cable Operator Reports (in Gbps) (2019/2021) – Information on available and planned capacity data for each U.S.-international submarine cable on an individual and regional basis. Table 4 Submarine Cable Operator Capacity Trend Data (in Gbps) – Detailed capacity trend data for each U.S.-international submarine cable. Table 5 Submarine Cable Capacity Holder Reports by Region (2019) – Information regarding capacity holder data (i.e., cable capacity leased or owned) on a regional basis. Table 6 Percentage of Total Available Capacity Reported (2019) – Information regarding the capacity reported in the cable operator reports and owned capacity in the capacity holder reports on a regional basis. Attachment A U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Region, Cable, and Foreign Landing Point as of December 31, 2019 Attachment B U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Region, Foreign Landing Point, and Cable as of December 31, 2019 Attachment C U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Number of Landing Points Per Country and Region and a Frequency Table Summarizing Foreign Landing Points Per Country as of December 31, 2019 Source: International Bureau, Federal Communications Commission For definitions of terms and instructions on filing procedures, please refer to the Filing Manual (Feb. 2020) For further information on current and past reports, see https://www.fcc.gov/circuit-capacity-data-us-international-submarine-cables Table 1 Section 43.82 Circuit Capacity Filers (2019) Submarine Submarine Cable Cable Capacity No.
[Show full text]
ITU-Dstudygroups
ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite.
[Show full text]
PTC Academy Pioneering Technologies Keith Shaw
Keith Russell Shaw EMEA September 2019 Confidential – © 2018 Equinix Inc. Equinix.com 1 § A submarine cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land- based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches Global of the ocean and sea. § As of early 2019, there are approximately 428* submarine cables in Connectivity service around the world. * The total number of cables is constantly changing as new cables enter service and older cable are decommissioned. Confidential – © 2018 Equinix Inc. Equinix.com 2 Summary of current SubSea Cable landscape from the various Suppliers viewpoints Confidential – © 2018 Equinix Inc. Equinix.com 3 Introduction to Open Cables • Outlining key considerations when designing or purchasing a new submarine cable, open or otherwise • It is intended to help ensure the network is upgradeable day 1, or in the future, to best leverage the significant investment made • The benefits of open cables have become generally accepted • within the submarine cable industry. Confidential – © 2018 Equinix Inc. Equinix.com 4 Introduction to Open Cables – Technologies – Breaking the mould Business benefits are: • Freedom to choose best-in-breed vendors with the decision based purely on their wet plant performance • Freedom to choose a best-in-breed Submarine Line Terminal Equipment (SLTE) at a later date, taking full advantage of: Faster innovation cycles Trends toward Point-of-Presence (POP-to-POP) and DC Interconnection Traffic patterns, away from (CLS-to-CLS), are more fitting Submarine upgrade vendors with strong
[Show full text]
Submarine Telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2012
submarine telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT 2012 1 Submarine Cable Industry Report Issue 1 July 2012 Copyright © 2012 by Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Submarine Telecoms Forum, Inc. 21495 Ridgetop Circle Suite 201 Sterling, Virginia 20166 USA www.subtelforum.com ISSN: applied for 2 Disclaimer: While every care is taken in preparation of this publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the accuracy of the information herein, or any errors which may occur in advertising or editorial content, or any consequence arising from any errors or omissions, and the editor reserves the right to edit any advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. If you have a suggestion, please let us know by emailing [email protected]. 3 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 13 2.0 Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 14 2.1 Connecting the Unconnected 14 2.2 Overview of Historical System Investment 15 2.3 2008 to 2012 Systems in Review 16 2.4 Systems Investment Beyond 2012 17 2.5 Decommissioning 18 3.0 Supplier Analysis 20 3.1 System Suppliers 20 3.2 Upgrade Suppliers 20 4.0 Ownership Analysis 23 4.1 Financing of Current Submarine Systems 23 4.2 Financing of Proposed Submarine Systems 23 5.0 Recent
[Show full text]
Table 1 Section 43.62 Circuit Capacity Filers (2015) Table 2 U.S
2015 Circuit Capacity Data For U.S.-International Submarine Cables Table 1 Section 43.62 Circuit Capacity Filers (2015) Table 2 U.S. International Submarine Cable Operator Filers (2015) Table 3 Satellite and Terrestrial Circuits (in 64 kbps) (2015) Table 4(A) Submarine Cable Operator Reports (in Gbps) (2015/2017) – Information on available and planned capacity data for each U.S.-international submarine cable on an individual and regional basis. Table 4(B) U.S. International Submarine Cable Capacity (in Gbps) – Detailed capacity trend data for each U.S.-international submarine cable. Table 5 Submarine Cable Capacity Holder Reports (2015) – Information regarding capacity holder data (i.e., cable capacity leased or owned) on a regional basis. Table 6 Percentage of Total Available Capacity Reported (2015) – Information regarding the capacity reported in the cable operator reports and owned capacity in the capacity holder reports on a regional basis. Attachment A U.S. International Submarine Cables - Landing Points Sorted by Region, Cable, and Foreign Landing Point Attachment B U.S. International Submarine Cables - Landing Points Sorted by Region, Foreign Landing Point, and Cable Attachment C U.S. International Submarine Cables - Countries Sorted by the Number of Landing Points Source: International Bureau, Federal Communications Commission *This version includes minor technical and conforming revisions in the Tables and Attachments of the revised 2015 U.S. International Circuit Capacity Report that was released in July 2018 (Revised Report). The changes are reflected in Tables 1, 2, 4(A), 4(B), and 5 and Attachments A and B. Table 1 Section 43.62 Circuit Capacity Filers (2015) Satellite Circuits Reports Submarine Submarine Non- Terrestrial No.
[Show full text]
Visio-NJFX Transcontinental V03.03.2020.Vsdx
Norway Telia Russia Telia Telia CLS PoPs Apollo N Altice Denmark China Toronto Montreal 60 1025 Crown Castle Shirley Telia Telia Telia CenturyLink CLS PoPs Canada Canada Hudson Crown Castle Connect AEC‐1 CLS Telia NSC Co. Mayo Bude Newcastle Baltic Ireland Altice, CenturyLink, UK CLS UK CLS PoPs Bell CLS Telia Crown Castle, Canada, Zayo Windstream, Zayo, Telia Telia & Zenfi Zayo CC2 Ireland AEC‐1 UK Netherlands Germany Eastern PoPs CC1 Telia Telia Telia Chicago 1400 PoPs PoPs Europe Zayo, Telia Windstream, PoPs Crosslake Fibre, Zenfi via Federal Telia Crown Castle HAVFRUE / AEC‐2 FIRSTLIGHT, & Zayo IFC‐1 Telia WALL‐LI Telia Altice, (2021) Cyprus ASIA 165 CenturyLink, Killala Highbridge Lannion Crown Castle, UK CLS France CLS PAC Altice, Ireland Halsey Zayo, CLS CenturyLink CLS Zenfi, Crown Castle Hawk Telia TGN‐PACIFIC Bell NJEdge, TGN‐ATLANTIC TGN Eurasia CURIE Canada Windstream, SOUTHERN CROSS Zayo, TGN Bilbao Interxion Diverse MAREA Zenfi, Western Spain Subsea Telia Marseille Egypt Telia NJFX CLS Private CLS Routes Telia Europe CLS CAMPUS CLS Windstream, Telia Cloud 1 Wilshire CAMPUS Epsilon TATA MED Altice, Public Atlas Diverse CenturyLink, Zayo, SEABRAS‐1 Portugal Windstream, Telia Cloud Offshore Subsea Crown Castle, Telia Seaborn / TI Sparkle / TATA CLS UFD, Telia, Telia Routes Windstream, Zayo Silicon Ashburn Valley PoPs Windstream Tuckerton Bermuda Praia Sao Paolo Morocco Algeria Globenet Nettel Mumbai FTS Fiber CLS CLS Grande & SP1,2,3 ACE, WACS Virginia Windstream, Santos CLS SAT3 WASC CLS CLS CLS Windstream, Telia Telia Beach Jacksonville CenturyLink, CLS Telia Nevada CLS TI Sparkle Globenet MONET Globenet Diverse & Atlanta Boca Rio De Seacom PCCS Miami Puerto Fortaleza Angola ACE, WACS Subsea Phoenix PoPs Telia Raton SAm‐1 SAm‐1 Globenet Janeiro TGN Eurasia AMX‐1 Rico CLS SAT3 WASC Routes NAP CLS CLS CLS Telia BRUSA MONET BRUSA SACS South Texas Mexico ASIA Telia MAREA Africa PoPs PoPs PAC CLS LATAM Tier‐3 Trans‐Continental Gateways | Mar 3, 2020.
[Show full text]
PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12Th STREET S.W
PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12th STREET S.W. WASHINGTON D.C. 20554 News media information 202-418-0500 Fax-On-Demand 202-418-2830; Internet: http://www.fcc.gov (or ftp.fcc.gov) TTY (202) 418-2555 DA No. 03-1123 Report No. TEL-00656 Thursday April 10, 2003 INTERNATIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS GRANTED Section 214 Applications (47 C.F.R. § 63.18); Cable Landing License Applications (47 C.F.R. § 1.767); Requests to Authorize Switched Services over Private Lines (47 C.F.R. § 63.16); Section 310(b)(4) Requests The following applications have been granted pursuant to the Commission’s streamlined processing procedures set forth in Section 63.12 of the Commission’s rules, 47 C.F.R. § 63.12, other provisions of the Commission’s rules, or procedures set forth in an earlier public notice listing applications accepted for filing. Unless otherwise noted, these grants authorize the applicants (1) to become a facilities-based international common carrier subject to 47 C.F.R. § 63.22; and/or (2) to become a resale-based international common carrier subject to 47 C.F.R. § 63.23; or (3) to exceed the 25 percent foreign ownership benchmark applicable to common carrier radio licensees under 47 U.S.C. § 310(b)(4). Grants under Section 63.16 and certain grants under Section 63.18 also authorize carriers generally to use their authorized private lines to provide switched services (ISR) between the United States and particular international points pursuant to 47 C.F.R. § 63.16. See also 47 C.F.R.
[Show full text]
Building(Nextgenera0on( Interna0onal(Networks( (( ON*VECTOR(Workshop,(UCSD( Feb(22Nd,(2017(
Building(NextGenera0on( Interna0onal(Networks( (( ON*VECTOR(Workshop,(UCSD( Feb(22nd,(2017( (Michael(Stanton( RNP,(Brazil( Objec-ve:(present(ongoing(developments(in(South( America(for(improved(connec-vity(( • Mo-va-on:(imbalance(in(current(situa-on( RNP’s(Interna0onal(links:( • To(US,(shares(with(ANSP((state(network(in(São(Paulo)(infrastructure(of( successive(IRNC(projects:(currently(Amlight(ExP((240G(currently(available( capacity)( • To(Europe((5G)(and(La0n(America((10G)(via(RedClara( • Terrestrial(link(between(Porto(Alegre(and(Buenos(Aires((Argen0na),(used( also(by(RedClara(and(InnovaRed((AR)( Effec-vely,(South(America(is(a(backwater,(connected(to(the(rest(of( the(world(via(North(America( 2( To(reinforce(the(point(–(GLIF(map(2011( Unfortunately,(the( edi0on(currently(in( prepara0on(will(show(a( topologically(similar( situa0on(for(South( America( 3( Nowadays,(interna-onal(connec-vity(relies(essen-ally(on( submarine(cable(infrastructure( (To(reach(South(America,(between(2000(and(2013,(the(only(cables( available(were(5(new(cables(in(service(in(2000:( • PrePInternet(cables((only(voice(traffic)(( • Americas(2((US)( • Atlan0s(2((EU)( • 1st(genera-on(Internet((10G)(( • GlobeNet,(SAC/LAN,(SAm]1((US)( (( (This(effec0vely(produced(the(situa0on(of(South(American( connec0vity(depending(en0rely(on(North(America,(specifically(on( Florida.( 4( Rela-ve(costs(of(reaching(South(America( • The(lack(of(effec0ve( alterna0ves(has(also(made( connec0vity(to(South( America(very(expensive( • In(2012,(the(median(cost(of(a( 10G(wave(Miami]S.Paulo(was( about(10x(the(cost(of(
[Show full text]