ENOIL BIOENERGIES COMPANY PROFILE 2021 ENOIL BIOENERGIES IS CREATING PROFITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE BIOENERGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY PROJECTS AND IS AN INCUBATOR FOR QUALITY R&D, DEVELOPING PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS.

SUSTAINABLE, BANKABLE & PROFITABLE

Enoil Bioenergies In a sustainable society, it is very important to raise public awareness. Individuals FROM THE C.E.O. cannot make sustainable choices unless they know what those choices are, and countries will not take direct action to promote sustainable practices unless they receive substantial pressure from citizens.

MAURIZIO CAROLDI C.E.O. AND FOUNDER

A few generations ago it seemed like the world’s resources were infinite, and people needed only to access them to create businesses to grow humanity. We now know that rather than finding ways to exploit new resources, people and companies need to focus on finding sustainable resources for growth, while protecting the planet and the resources we have left.

Enoil Bioenergies is at the forefront.

Enoil Bioenergies 3 OUR CORE

Enoil Bioenergies SA is a collaboration of minds and companies endeavoring to challenge and transform todays unsustainable demands through science and technology to develop renewable and sustainable business models for future generations. | SUSTAINABLE, BANKABLE & PROFITABLE 02

| FROM THE C.E.O 03

| OUR CORE 04

| INTRODUCTION 06

Contents | THE COMPANY 08

| THE VALUE OF ENOIL BIOENERGIES 09

| EBRL - RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DIVISION 10

| OUR COMPANIES 12

Table of | OUR TECHNOLOGY 14

| MICROALGAE PRODUCTS 15

| MEGATRENDS 16

| WORLD’S DEMAND 17

| WHY ? 19 INTRODUCTION

production, and investment into associated projects allowing for the strong growth of Enoil Bioenergies. This has been a year of growth and evolution, with completion of our Geneva based production facility, funding completion Enoil Bioenergies and its group of of Enoil’s Algae Plus industrial production companies delivered a very strong financial facility in , and incorporation of R&D performance in 2018 and we are continuing and Solar technology into our portfolio of to make good progress in building world-class companies. investment cases. We have the technologies and Higher consumer demand, resources to reliably produce at least 40% regulatory pressure and environmental need, of our electricity from renewable energy combined with our ongoing work to improve sources within the next 20 years, and 80% by ENOIL BIOENERGIES SA the performance and competitiveness of our 2050. Renewable energy is growing rapidly, businesses, contributed to an increase in with record numbers of new wind and solar Head office in Geneva

6 Enoil Bioenergies installations coming online every year. We turbine, increasing power output, reducing can readily continue this rapid expansion noise and reducing the financial cost of wind. of renewable energy by utilizing existing We are proud of Enoil’s ongoing technologies, investing in improvements to our success and continue to focus on building a energy infrastructure and making smart policy strategy that will allow us to build a successful decisions that move toward a clean energy portfolio. With strong capital controls, future. disciplined execution and focus on financial Through our new R&D division metrics we want to deliver world class the new generation of solar cells and high- profitability while upholding our commitment efficiency solar panels are available, increasing to environmental sustainability and a strong power output and reducing the financial cost. future. Another one of our research teams is exploring the use of vertical wind turbines, which have a smaller footprint and a less-damaging impact on wildlife than the conventional horizontal

7 THE COMPANY OUR MISSION CREATING A ZERO EMISSIONS FUTURE

ABOUT US

Enoil Bioenergies SA is a Swiss biotechnology and renewable energy company, headquartered in Geneva. At our core our business is the development of renewable energy technologies, development of biotechnologies and production of raw materials for renewable energy, food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.

OUR VISION

Our vision is to meet the needs of the present world without compromising the ability of future generations to create or pioneer long-term sustainable and viable business models always focused on a zero-emissions future.

8 Enoil Bioenergies THE VALUE OF ENOIL BIOENERGIES Through a unique know-how and advanced expertise in biotechnologies and renewable energies, Enoil Bioenergies offers solutions that allows the world’s demand to fulfil their needs while preserving the environment for future generation.

Enoil Bioenergies is approaching sustainable investments through 3 key pillars.

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION RESPONSIBLE FUTURE Enoil Bioenergies is at the Enoil Bioenergies portfolio of Through our current portfolio and forefront of sustainable companies is producing the our pipeline Enoil endeavors to biotechnology R&D for project highest quality bio products for firmly contribute to a sustainable development. the world’s increasing demand. future.

Our sustainable business model incorporates material environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations into our investment decisions. Our sustainable business model seeks to fulfil the following financial objectives: – Achieve a positive environmental or social impact alongside strong financial returns; – Align investments with company values; and improve portfolio risk/return characteristics.

Enoil Bioenergies 9 E.B.R.L. R&D DIVISION

Enoil Bioenergies Research Laboratories - E.B.R.L. provides a unique intellectual and physical framework where researchers are addressing several key renewable energy and raw material challenges with an obligation to train and educate tomorrow’s bio-renewable workforce. We’re engaged in fundamental scientific research to develop alternative, renewable fuels and biochemicals from biomass to reduce fossil fuel dependence.

VARIETY OF AREAS IN BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL TEAM AWARDED PROJECTS

10 Enoil Bioenergies E.B.R.L. R&D TEAM Ongoing Research Programs at the EBERL

• H2O-CO2 Pre-treatment • Engineer bacteria • Enzyme discovery and • Nanoscale enzyme imaging characterization • Biomass characterization and analytical • Fermentation systems • Systems Biology • Industrial Ecology • Composting and Molecular Ecology

E.B.R.L. brings technology transfer to each project to a point where Prof. MD. NAZEERUDDIN, PhD Prof. PASCAL MAYER, PhD Prof. DANIELE PULCINI entrusted innovators, entrepreneurs Scientist Scientist Engineer and corporations with knowhow Prof. Md. K. Nazeeruddin M.Sc. and PhD in Macromolecular Biophysics, Bachelor of Engineering in Energy Ph. D. in inorganic chemistry from specialist in AI using a collection of Management and Systems and resources can transform R&D EPFL Sion, Switzerland. comestible plants, University Louis Technology, University or Rome “La discoveries into products and Pasteur, Strasbourg, France. Sapienza”. services to address economic and environmental concerns. In EBERL our researchers are working to better overcome the physical, chemical, and biological barriers to liberating sugars EYA DAMERGI, PhD ABDOU SECK ANGELO ANSIELLO, PhD from energy crops and converting Environmental Engineer Mechanical Engineer Engineer them into such biofuels as ethanol, Doctor of Philosophy in Civil and HES Engineer in Mechanics Senior R&D Bioprocess Research biodiesel, or hydrogen. Environmental Engineering Industrial system from University of Engineer from the University of from EPFL, Switzerland. Lausanne, Switzerland. Naples, Italy.

Enoil Bioenergies 11 Through incubation and intelligent management, Enoil Bioenergies OUR COMPANIES has fostered several investment projects under its umbrella.

ALGAE PLUS VALAIS PEROVSKITE ID TECH + ENOIL MICROALGAE PRODUCTION SOLAR ENERGY BIOFORTIFICATION

Algae Plus SA cultivates Valais Perovskite Solar SA has a focus We develop highly innovative technologies microalgae using proprietary, automated on developing solar energy technology in the field of biofortification during plant and efficient Enoil tubular system of through pioneering work with the growth with aqueous-based foliar sprays photo incubators. mineral perovskite. used for natural biofortification.

The global market for algae products The business of solar power in 25 years The biofortification market is estimated was valued at $32.60B in 2017 and has grown exponentially, transforming at $78M in 2018 and is projected to expected to reach $53.43B by 2026, the technology from 100MW of capacity grow at a CAGR of 8.6% from 2018 to expanding at a CAGR of 5.8% during the in 1992 to more than 300GW in 2016. reach $118M by 2023. The growth of forecasted period. With 25% of global energy production the biofortification market is driven by coming from solar by 2050. the rise in funds for agronomic practices and technological advancements.

12 Enoil Bioenergies TIMELINE

2017 2018 2019 • Enoil Bioenergies open • Enoil Bioenergies develops • Spirulina and Chlorella is its head office in Geneva, its laboratory to produce cultivated in the laboratory in Switzerland. microalgae as food Geneva. • A team of bioenergies supplement. • Algae Plus is registered in experts started to develop • VPS won a gold medal the canton of Valais where a new projects for microalgae in Geneva International new production unit is under production. Exhibition of Inventions. developement to cultivate tons of microalgaes per day.

Enoil Bioenergies 13 Algae Plus R&D team has automated the production process, strictly controlling OUR TECHNOLOGY all input parameters such as: light, Co2, temperature, pH, water, etc., within a Swiss ALGAE PLUS MARTIGNY SA Certified production environment. This automation has married quality and quantity Algae Plus SA. is a fully owned subsidiary of Enoil Bioenergies SA. Algae Plus is the operational arm achieving pharmaceutical purity, 100% Swiss of all the technologies developed by Enoil Bioenergies Research Laboratories. Algae Plus Martigny Organic certification, Swiss Vitamin institute SA. is the 1st full scale production plant being developed by Enoil Bioenergies in Switzerland certification, as well as many additional for development of intensive microalgae production through proprietary photo incubators endorsements from some of Europe’s top technology to produce Microalgae: Premium Spirulina, Premium Chlorella and Pharmaceutical technical universities and institutes, such as; Grade Natural Astaxanthin. the EPFL Lausanne, the University of Bologna, and the Swiss Algae Association.

From renewable and sustainable microalgae biomass a range of products and industries from many sectors can be benefited :

FOOD Human Food and Supplements and Animals/Fish Fodder

BIOFUELS Biodiesel and others

BIOPRODUCTS Vitamins, Coloring agents, The automation process has created specific positive conditions for Algae Plus microalgae cultivation process: Biocosmetics, Bioplastic, Flexibility, Full controllability, Ease of monitoring, Quality & quantity reproducibility and Ease of Maintenance Antioxidants, Biomedical and others.

14 Enoil Bioenergies Algae Plus production figures have surpassed all competitors in terms of quality, output levels and ability to address the most exacting standards.

Our way used to cultivate algae on a mass scale is using vertical photo incubators or bubble column. Enoil photo Incubators have numerous advantages over raceway pond cultivation. They offer space-saving, better gas control and transfer and are better protected from outside contamination.

SWISS PREMIUM SWISS PREMIUM SWISS PREMIUM SPIRULINA CHLORELLA ASTAXANTHIN

Algae Plus Spirulina is certainly a superfood. Algae Plus Chlorella has enormous benefits Algae Plus Astaxanthin is a unicellular green Spirulina is very digestable and highly for those who suffer from degenerative microalgae that tends to change its colour to assimilable. It helps to protect the immune diseases. Chlorella also helps to balance the intense red. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid that system, reduce cholesterol, protects the pH in the body, reduces lower back pain, has powerful antioxidants but is also a potent brain, does not contain gluten, has anti- contributes to a well-functioning of the anti-inflammatory. Astaxanthin improves cancer properties, anti-bacterial action, is an heart, detoxification of heavy metals and resistance to physical stress, helps to a faster antioxidant, among many others benefits for other toxins, decreases the harmful effects recovery after sports performance, fights the human body. Spirulina contains vitamins of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, reduces diabetes, improves male fertility, normalizes B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9, B12, vitamin E, weight and body fat. Chlorella has vitamins B2, the heart rhythm, is an antidepressant agent provitamin A (β-carotene). B12, C, E, K1, provitamin A (β-carotene). and many others benefits to the health.

Enoil Bioenergies 15 MEGATRENDS

BIOFUELS The main challenge today is the competition between first and second-generation biofuel with food production.

Enoil Bioenergies Research Laboratories works on finding alternative sustainable feedstocks. They focus on a through, systems-level understanding of bacteria and yeast metabolism, gene regulation, and stress response for elucidating principles to help rationally engineer bacteria and yeasts for improved biofuel production. BIOCOSMETICS Enoil Bioenergies has partnered with a french biocosmetics company based in Paris, in order to develop and produce the highest quality microalgae derived cosmetics & beauty products for the sustainably minded consumer. Addressing a $488BN global market by 2025, Enoil Bioenergies is following megatrends, with microalgae based products that posses anti-infection, anti-aging, anti-skin deseases, and tested for skin & hair regenerative properties. BIOPLASTIC Enoil Bioenergies is using several methods in order to produce bioplastics from proprietary algae biomass production methods. It is expected that the global bio-plastics market will reach 10m tones by 2020 a massive departure from 2m tons in 2015.

16 Enoil Bioenergies WORLD’S DEMAND

MICROALGAE BIOFORTIFICATION SOLAR ENERGY In 1974, during the world food conference, United Billions of people in several countries are affected by Perovskite Solar Cells are leading a revolution in power Nations declared Spirulina as the “best food for the “Hidden Hunger” according with the World Health generation, standing over the main technologies on mankind”. Organization because the lack of micronutrients In the market, reaching power conversion efficiency their food. Biofortification can tackle this problem by (PCE) surpassing 23%. enriching food during the agricultural process.

• Microalgae are used for bio-plastic and for • Lithium and Selenium has properties to • Solar energy is indeed recognized as biodiesel. fight several types of cancer and risks of the fastest growing technology by the Alzheimer’s. It has anti-aging capabilities World Economic Forum, and appointed • Microalgae are used for human as food and protects the neuronal system and as the future solution for a carbon-free supplement and for animal - fish feed. brain cells. economy.

Enoil Bioenergies 17 New technologies and infrastructures, built using environmentally sound AROUND EUROPE practices, have the potential to transform modern society. But, this is only possible if governments and businesses are willing to invest much-needed capital in their development. For this reason, we are constantly involving institutions and governments in our activities.

Romania While the process itself can appear to be difficult, developing an eco-friendly business model and reputation pays off in the short run; we are interested in helping the Earth, but we can still make a profit developing an eco-friendly business model because environmentally- friendly business is a profitable business. Switzerland France Today, Enoil Bioenergies is present in 5 countries with business partners, researchers and future projects.

France Portugal

18 Enoil Bioenergies WHY SWITZERLAND ?

GENEVA MARTIGNY CHARRAT

HEAD OFFICE PRODUCTION UNIT PRODUCTION UNIT

Switzerland is one of the main technological Head Office and Showroom for 1500 ENOIL photo incubators 300 ENOIL photo incubators and economic hubs in Europe and around the microalgae production for microalgae production for microalgae production the world. It also has been the top leaders in the Global Innovation Index which gives Enoil Bioenergies the advantage and facilitates operation at the highest level. Enoil Bioenergies has centered all management activities at the Head Office in Geneva. Our modern building and international team connect us around Europe and the world. Our experience with every link of the value chain from supply and storage to logistics and distribution as well as forming relationships essential for a successful business model are The management team bring together a underpinned by the values that permeate all Enoil Bioenergies activities, which means integrity, combination of in-depth knowledge and sustainability and excellence. understanding of biotechnology and renewable energies, with a long track record of building Today the team is a multinational and multicultural mix of senior managers and specialists and operating projects and companies in the dedicated to the spirit of Enoil Bioenergies and its shared values and bulding our reputation for energy sector. quality work, professionalism and commitments.

Enoil Bioenergies 19 Biotechnology & Renewable Energy

DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

ADDRESS ONLINE TELEPHONE

Quai Gustave-ADOR 54 www.enoilbioenergies.ch + 41 22 552 62 26 1207 Geneva Switzerland [email protected]