DOCSLIB.ORG

Botrytis Cinerea Secondary Inoculum and on the Efficacy of Biological Control Manzoor Ali Abro

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Botrytis Cinerea Secondary Inoculum and on the Efficacy of Biological Control Manzoor Ali Abro Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences susceptibility, production and aggressiveness of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum and on the efficacy of biological control Manzoor Ali Abro To cite this version: Manzoor Ali Abro. Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences susceptibility, production and aggressiveness of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum and on the efficacy of biological control. Agri- cultural sciences. Université d’Avignon, 2013. English. NNT : 2013AVIG0647. tel-02805920v2 HAL Id: tel-02805920 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02805920v2 Submitted on 29 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UUnn té ddee Patho og e Végéta e Unité de Pathologie Végétale Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences susceptibility, production and aggressiveness of Botrytis cinerea secondary Nitrogeninoculum andfertilization on the efficacy of the of hostbiological plant control influences. trytis THÈSE Pour l’obtention du Grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ D’AVIGNON ET DES PAYS DE VAUCLUSE Faculté des Sciences c Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Manzoor Ali ABRO Le 7 Mars 2013 devant le Jury Christiane Raynal, Ingènieur Agronome, Ctifl Lanxade Examnetuer Christophe Robin, Director de recherche INRA Nancy Rapporteur Essaid A. Barka, Professeur Université de Reims Rapporteur Mohamed El Maataoui, Professeur Université d’Avignon Directeur de thèse Philippe Nicot, Chargé de recherche, INRA-Avignon Co-directeur de thèse ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express profound and unprecedented gratitude to my worthy teacher and supervisor Dr Philippe NICOT research scientist Phytopathology Unit INRA Avignon, France for his invaluable suggestions guidance and constant encouragement towards me during studies and provided a continuous potential of investigations. I express my heart felt gratitude for his generous consideration and indomitable patient shown to me. I feel highly obliged him for entire assistance during this study. I am highly thankful to my director of thesis Professor Mohamed El Maataoui for his help during entire period of my studies especially histological techniques and microscopy at the University of Avignon. I am grateful to Francois LECOMPTE, Marc BARDIN for his constant assistance and valuable suggestions throughout the studies for systemic presentation of the work. I shall be failing in my duty if I do not record my indebtness to Mr Sakhr AJOUZ at Phytopathology unit INRA Avignon for his co-operation and time to time suggestions regarding this study. Thanks are also extended to, Joel BERAUD, Francois Debruni, Clair FROULET, Michel RIQUEAU and, Patricio CASTRO, Arshad Ali, Jonathon GAUDIN and other persons of the unit for their support during this study. I wish also thankful and deeply indebted to my sincere parents my wife and children and loving family members for their blessing and moral support which enabled me to achieve the highly ideals of my academic life. Manzoor Ali Abro 2 Table of contents GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 5 Objectives of the thesis work: ............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter I: Review of literature ................................................................. Erreur ! Signet non défini. 1. Botrytis cinerea: causal agent of grey mould: ................................................................................ 10 1.1 Taxonomic position: .................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Life cycle of the pathogen: ......................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Pathogenicity and host range: ..................................................................................................... 13 1.4. Symptoms: .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.5. Factors affect the development of the pathogen: ........................................................................ 15 1.5.1. Nutrient requirements: ......................................................................................................... 15 1.5.2. Effect of light: ..................................................................................................................... 16 1.5.3 Climatic factors: ................................................................................................................... 17 2. Strategies for protecting plants against B. cinerea ....................................................................... 18 2.1. Chemical control ........................................................................................................................ 18 2.2. Curtural control .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.3. Biological control ....................................................................................................................... 19 3. Effect of nutrition on the susceptibility of plants to Pathogens ................................................... 22 3.1 Effect of nitrogen nutrition on the host pathogen relationship .............................................. 23 3.2 Relationship between the form of nitrogen and host susceptibility ....................................... 23 3.3 Biological interactions between nutrition and soil microorganisms. ..................................... 25 3.4 Trophic host-pathogen interactions ....................................................................................... 26 3.5 Effect of nitrogen nutrition on the capacity of host defence ................................................. 28 3.6 Effect of nitrogen on the development of plant disease ........................................................ 30 4. Relationship between nutritional status of the host plant and Botrytis cinerea ......................... 31 4.1 Nitrogen nutrition of the host and Botrytis ............................................................................ 31 4.2 Effect of form of nitrogen on severity of B. cinerea ............................................................. 33 4.3 Nitrogen increases the susceptibility of crops to B. cinerea .................................................. 33 4.4 Reduction of plant susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea with nitrogen fertilization .................. 35 3 4.5 High N nutrition increase the susceptibility of crops during storage .................................... 36 5. Effect of nitrogen nutrition on fungal sporulation ............................................................... 37 5.1 Effect of type of substrates on the sporulation of different fungi .......................................... 39 5.2 Effect of nutrient substrate on aggressiveness of fungi ......................................................... 40 5.3 Effect of nitrogen supply on sugars, acids carotinoids and phenolic compounds. ................ 40 5.4 Effect of nitrogen nutrition on growth, transpiration and nutrient uptake of the................... 42 6 Effect of nutrition on the enhancement of biological control .................................................. 44 7 Possible mechanisms involved in disease suppression by nitrogen ......................................... 47 7.1 Physiology of the plant .......................................................................................................... 47 7.2 Pathogen growth and virulence ............................................................................................. 49 7.3 Modification of the biotic or a biotic environment ................................................................ 50 7.4 Effect of nitrogen on gene expression of fungal pathogens .................................................. 50 Chapter II: Contrasted response of Botrytis cinerea isolates developing on tomato plants grown under different nitrogen nutrition regimes.............................................................. Erreur ! Signet non défini. Chapeter III: Can plant sugars mediate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on lettuce susceptibility to two necrotrophic pathogens : Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ?………………………….. ...................................................................................................................... Erreur ! Signet non défini. Chapter 1V: Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences production and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum ………………………………;………….Erreur ! Signet non défini. Chapter V: Enhancement of biocontrol efficacy against Botrytis cinerea through the manipulation of nitrogen fertilization of tomato plants……………………………………………;…………. ... Erreur ! Signet non défini. Chapter VI: Cyto-histological evidences for the influence of nitrogen fertilization on
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mémoire De Master
    الجمهىريت الجسائريت الديمقراطيت الشعبيت République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire وزارة التعليم العالي و البحث العلمي Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Université Mohamed Khider - Biskra MÉMOIRE DE MASTER Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Sciences Agronomiques Protection des Végétaux Réf. : ………………………… Présenté et soutenu par : Melle. Malak Filali Etude du pouvoir suppressif d’un sol vis-à-vis de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 1, agent causal de la flétrissure de la tomate Jury : M. Khechai Salim MAA Mohammed Khider - Biskra Président M. Mehaoua Mohammed Seghir MCA Mohammed Khider - Biskra Examinateur M. Djekiref Laâla MAA Mohammed Khider - Biskra Rapporteur Année universitaire : 2019 - 2020 DEDICACES Je dédie ce travail à mes très chers parents que Dieu les bénissent. A ma Mère Elle a tout le mérite au long de mes études sa bienveillance et ses conseils ont été très précieux A mon Père Qui a œuvré pendant des années à notre bien être et qui a consenti de bien lourds efforts pour nous permettre de mener à bien nos études. A mon cher frère et ma chère sœur et ma chère cousine Asma REMERCIEMENTS Tout d’abord je remercie très vivement M. Djekiref laâla, promoteur de ce travail, pour avoir accepté et pour l’intéressant sujet, pour m’avoir guidée, de m’avoir fait bénéficier de ses connaissances et conseils en phytopathologie et qui a assuré le suivi scientifique de ce travail avec son expérience et ses encouragements. Je tiens également à remercier les membres du jury. Un vif remerciement à M. Khechai salim, pour toute son aide et ses conseils judicieux et son guide précieux et ses encouragements.
    [Show full text]
  • Three New Species of B Otryotinia on Ranunculaceae1
    THREE NEW SPECIES OF B OTRYOTINIA ON RANUNCULACEAE1 G. L. HENNEBERT2 Institut agronomique, Universite de Louvain, Hervelee, Belgium AND J. W. GROVES3 Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada Received October 10, 1962 Abstract Three new species of Botryotinia on Caltha palustris L., Ranunculus septen- trionalis Poir., and Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) are described as B. calthae Hennebert and Elliott, B. ranunculi Hennebert and Groves, and B. ficariarum Hennebert. Each of the three species has a Botrytis state of the 73. cinerea complex, and they thus constitute additions to the species already segregated from that complex, i.e. Botryotinia fuckeliana, 73. convoluta, B. draytoni, and B. pelargonii. The Botrytis state of B. ficariarum can be distinguished morp­ hologically. While B. ranunculi is a North American species and B. ficariarum an European one, B. calthae is reported from both continents. Introduction Botryotinia, a genus of the Sclerotiniaceae, was erected by Whetzel (1945) for four species formerly assigned to Sclerotinia Fuckel, but which differ from the true Sclerotinia species mainly in their erumpent, planoconvexoid sclerotia which are firmly attached to the substrate, and in the possession of a conidial state belonging to the form-genus Botrytis Pers. The type species is Botryotinia convoluta (Drayton) Whetzel in which the conidial state is a Botrytis of the cinerea type or B. cinerea sensu lato, and the other species included were Botryotinia fuckeliana (De Bary) Whetzel, of which the conidial state is Botrytis cinerea Pers. or B. cinerea sensu stricto, and Botryotinia ricini (Godfrey) Whetz. and B. porri (v. Beyma) Whetz. In the latter two species the conidial states would not be considered Botrytis species of the cinerea type.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Botrytis Antigen from Allium Cepa L. and Its Role in Rapid Diagnosis of Neck Rot
    International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) |Volume VIII, Issue V, May 2021|ISSN 2321-2705 Isolation and characterization of Botrytis antigen from Allium cepa L. and its role in rapid diagnosis of neck rot Prabin Kumar Sahoo1, Amrita Masanta2, K. Gopinath Achary3, Shikha Singh4* 1,2,4 Rama Devi Women’s University, Vidya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 3Imgenex India Pvt. Ltd, E-5 Infocity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Corresponding author* Abstract: Early and accurate diagnosis of neckrot in onions and B. aclada are the predominant species reported to cause permits early treatment which can enhance yield and its storage. neck rot of onion, these species are difficult to distinguish In the present study, polyclonal antibody (pAb) raised against morphologically because of similar growth patterns on agar the protein extract from Botrytis allii was established for the media, and overlapping spore sizes [4]. detection of neck rot using serological assays. The pathogenic proteins were recognized by ELISA with high sensitivity (50 ng). Recent studies of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer Correlation coefficient between infected onions from different (ITS) region of the genome of Botrytis spp. associated with stages and from different agroclimatic zones with antibody titres neck rot of onion have confirmed the existence of three was taken as the primary endpoint for standardization of the distinct groups [5]. These include a smaller-spored group with protocol. Highest positive correlation (r ¼ 0.999) was observed in 16 mitotic chromosomes, (B. aclada AI), a larger-spored stage I and II infected samples of North-western zone, whereas low negative correlation (r ¼ _0.184) was found in stage III group with 16 mitotic chromosomes (B.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAS Notice for Pichia Kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use As a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle
    GRAS Notice for Pichia kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use as a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle Prepared for: Division of Animal Feeds, (HFV-220) Center for Veterinary Medicine 7519 Standish Place Rockville, Maryland 20855 Submitted by: ASCUS Biosciences, Inc. 6450 Lusk Blvd Suite 209 San Diego, California 92121 GRAS Notice for Pichia kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use as a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 – SIGNED STATEMENTS AND CERTIFICATION ................................................................................... 9 1.1 Name and Address of Organization .............................................................................................. 9 1.2 Name of the Notified Substance ................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Intended Conditions of Use .......................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Statutory Basis for the Conclusion of GRAS Status ....................................................................... 9 1.5 Premarket Exception Status .......................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Availability of Information .......................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 .................................................................................. 10 1.8 Certification ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Discomycetes) Collected in the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 3 Autor(en)/Author(s): Palmer James Terence, Tortic Milica, Matocec Neven Artikel/Article: Sclerotiniaceae (Discomycetes) collected in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 41-70 Ost. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 3©Österreichische (1994) . Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 41 Sclerotiniaceae (Discomycetes) collected in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia JAMES TERENCE PALMER MILICA TORTIC 25, Beech Road, Sutton Weaver Livadiceva 16 via Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 3ER, England 41000 Zagreb, Croatia NEVEN MATOCEC Institut "Ruöer BoSkovic" - C1M GBI 41000 Zagreb, Croatia Received April 8, 1994 I Key words: Ascomycotina, Sclerotiniaceae: Cihoria, Ciborinia, Dumontinia, Lambertella, Lanzia, Monilinia, Pycnopeziza, Rutstroemia. - Mycofloristics. - Former republics of Yugoslavia: Bosnia- Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia. Abstract: Collections by the first two authors during 1964-1968 and in 1993, and the third author in 1988-1993, augmented by several received from other workers, produced 27 species of Sclerotiniaceae, mostly common but including some rarely collected or reported: Ciboria gemmincola, Ciborinia bresadolae, Lambertella corni-maris, Lanzia elatina, Monilinia johnsonii and Pycnopeziza sejournei. Zusammenfassung: Aufsammlungen der beiden Erstautoren in den Jahren 1964-1968
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Study of Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and Allied Substratal Stroma Forming Fungi from Japan
    Taxonomic Study of Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and Allied Substratal Stroma Forming Fungi from Japan 著者 趙 彦傑 内容記述 この博士論文は全文公表に適さないやむを得ない事 由があり要約のみを公表していましたが、解消した ため、2017年8月23日に全文を公表しました。 year 2014 その他のタイトル 日本産Lambertella属および基質性子座を形成する 類縁属の分類学的研究 学位授与大学 筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba) 学位授与年度 2013 報告番号 12102甲第6938号 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00123740 Taxonomic Study of Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and Allied Substratal Stroma Forming Fungi from Japan A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Science (Doctoral Program in Biosphere Resource Science and Technology) Yan-Jie ZHAO Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1–1 The genus Lambertella in Rutstroemiaceae .................................................................... 1 1–2 Taxonomic problems of Lambertella .............................................................................. 5 1–3 Allied genera of Lambertella ........................................................................................... 7 1–4 Objectives of the present research ................................................................................. 12 Chapter 2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................ 17 2–1 Collection and isolation
    [Show full text]
  • The Botrytis Cinerea Endopolygalacturonase Gene Family Promotor: Dr
    The Botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase gene family Promotor: Dr. Ir. P.J.G.M. de Wit Hoogleraar Fytopathologie Copromotor: Dr. J.A.L. van Kan Universitair docent, Laboratorium voor Fytopathologie ii Arjen ten Have The Botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase gene family Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, Dr. C.M. Karssen, in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 22 mei 2000 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula. iii The research described in this thesis was performed within the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences (Theme 2: Interactions between Plants and Biotic Agents) at the Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen The Netherlands. The research was financially supported by The Dutch Technology Foundation (Stichting Technische Wetenschappen, Utrecht The Netherlands, http:\\www.stw.nl\) grant WBI.33.3046. The Botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase gene family / Arjen ten Have. -[S.l.:s.n.] Thesis Wageningen University. -With ref. - With summary in Dutch. ISBN: 90-5808-227-X Subject Headings: polygalacturonase, pectin, Botrytis cinerea, gray mould, tomato iv You want to live a life time each and every day You've struggled before, I swear to do it again You’ve told it before, until I’m weakened and sore Seek hallowed land (Hallowed land, Paradise Lost-draconian times) v Abbreviations AOS active oxygen species Bcpg Botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase (gene) BcPG Botrytis cinerea endopolygalacturonase (protein) bp basepairs CWDE cell wall degrading enzyme DP degree of polymerisation endoPeL endopectate lyase endoPG endopolygalacturonase EST expressed sequence tag exoPeL exopectate lyase exoPG exopolygalacturonase GA D-galacturonic acid HPI hours post inoculation kbp kilobasepairs LRR leucine-rich repeat nt nucleotides OGA oligogalacturonic acid PeL pectate lyase PG polygalacturonase PGA polygalacturonic acid PGIP polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein PME pectin methylesterase PnL pectin lyase PR pathogenesis-related vi Table of Contents Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi Occurring on the Plants of the Genus Amaranthus L
    Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2015) 39: 147-161 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1403-106 Fungi occurring on the plants of the genus Amaranthus L. 1 1 2, 3 Wojciech PUSZ , Elzbieta PLĄSKOWSKA , İsmet YILDIRIM *, Ryszard WEBER 1 Department of Plant Protection, Plant Pathology and Mycology Division, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey 3 Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, National Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland Received: 31.03.2014 Accepted: 24.07.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015 Abstract: A study of fungi on Amaranthus spp. was performed in 2007–2009. The following forms of the genus were taken under consideration: cultivated amaranth (A. cruentus) and a wild form (A. retroflexus) growing as a weed on amaranth and sugar beet plantations and growing as a ruderal weed. The aim of the work was to determine which fungi communities occur in the phyllosphere, roots, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere of Amaranthus spp. To investigate the phyllosphere fungi communities, 5 plants were taken in the seed formation phase. From each plant, 3 healthy, symptomless leaves were taken. In addition, the isolation of fungi communities from the roots, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere was performed in the seed formation phase. Ten plants from each location were taken along the diagonal of the plot. In total, 38 species of fungi were isolated from the phyllosphere of Amaranthus spp., and of that number, 30 were collected from A.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi Diversity on Wild and Cultivated Common Caraway (Carum Carvi L.) Seeds
    ISSN 1392-3196 ŽEMDIRBYSTĖ=AGRICULTURE Vol. 97, No. 4 (2010) 73 ISSN 1392-3196 Žemdirbystė=Agriculture, vol. 97, No. 4 (2010), p. 73–84 UDK 635.755:632.4 Fungi diversity on wild and cultivated common caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds Rimutė MAČKINAITĖ Nature Research Center, Institute of Botany Žaliųjų Ežerų 49, Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Micromycete contamination of wild and cultivated common caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds of the 2001–2004 harvest was studied. Ripe seeds were collected in various localities of Biržai, Kaunas, Raseiniai, Šilutė, Ukmergė, Varėna and Vilnius districts in June–July. The blotter method was applied for the detection of micromycetes on common caraway seeds. The fungi were identified according to their morphological and cultural properties. The frequency of occurrence and relative density of identified species were calculated. The qualitative and quantitative similarity of fungal complexes, detected on cultural and wild caraway seeds as well as on the seeds of different harvest years and grown in different localities was compared. The fungi of 55 species and 41 genera belonging to Ascomycota and Zygomycota phyla, Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Incertae sedis classes were detected and identified on the common caraway seeds. The micromycetes of genus Alternaria dominated in the mycobiota of investigated seeds. They made up 59.8% of the total isolate amount and the frequency of their occurrence amounted to 58.4%. Saprotrophes (Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. and others) dominated on the seeds of common caraway. The potential pathogens (Alternaria alternata, Ascochyta biforae, Phomopsis diachenii, Fusarium oxysporum, F.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2014/053405 Al 10 April 2014 (10.04.2014) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization I International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/053405 Al 10 April 2014 (10.04.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: 68165 Mannheim (DE). HADEN, Egon; Maulbronner Hof A01N 43/56 (2006.01) A01P 7/02 (2006.01) 24, 67346 Speyer (DE). CULBERTSON, Deborah L.; A01P 5/00 (2006.01) A01P 7/04 (2006.01) 6400 Vintage Ridge Lane, Fuquay Varina, NC 27526 A01P 3/00 (2006.01) (US). ROGERS, W. David; 2804 Ashland Drive, Durham, NC 27705 (US). GUNJIMA, Koshi; Heighths Takara-3 (21) International Application Number: 205, 97 Shirakawa-cho, Toyohashi-city, Aichi Prefecture PCT/EP20 13/070 160 441-802 1 (JP). DAVID, Michael; 5913 Greenevers Drive, (22) International Filing Date Raleigh, NC 027613 (US). BRAUN, Franz Josef; 3602 27 September 2013 (27.09.201 3) Long Ridge Road, Durham, NC 27703 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (74) Common Representative: BASF SE; 67056 Ludwig shafen (DE). (26) Publication Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 61/708,061 1 October 2012 (01. 10.2012) US AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, 61/763,974 13 February 2013 (13.02.2013) US BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 61/847,587 18 July 2013 (18.07.2013) u s DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (71) Applicant: BASF SE [DE/DE]; 67056 Ludwigshafen HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (DE).
    [Show full text]
  • EU Project Number 613678
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 7 - REPORT on Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Grousset F, Wistermann A, Steffen K, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/112o3f5b0c014 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on ORANGES AND MANDARINS – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background on oranges and mandarins ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Data on production and trade of orange and mandarin fruit ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘orange and mandarin fruit’ .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gray Mold); a Major Disease in Castor Bean (Ricinus Communis L.) – a Review
    Yeboah et al. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 8-22 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Available online at www.ijpab.com DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.7639 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2019) 7(4), 8-22 Review Article Botryotinia ricini (Gray Mold); A Major Disease in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) – A Review Akwasi Yeboah1, Jiannong Lu1, Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng1, Yuzhen Shi1, Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede1, Kwame Obeng Dankwa2 and Xuegui Yin 1,* 1Department of Crop Breeding and Genetics, College of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China 2Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 12.07.2019 | Revised: 18.08.2019 | Accepted: 24.08.2019 ABSTRACT Castor is an economically important oilseed crop with 3-5% increase in demand per annum. The castor oil has over 700 industrial uses, and its oil is sometimes considered as an alternative for biodiesel production in several countries. However, its worldwide demand is hardly met due to hampered production caused by biotic stress. One of the most critical biotic factors affecting castor production is the fungal disease, Botryotinia ricini. The study of the B. ricini disease is very essential as it affects the economic part of plant, the seed, from which castor oil is extracted. Despite the devastating harm caused by B. ricini in castor production, there is limited research and literature. Meanwhile, the disease continues to spread and destroy castor crops. The disease severity is enhanced by an increase in relative humidity, temperature (around 25ºC), and high rainfall.
    [Show full text]