Botrytis Species on Flower Bulb Crops: Phylogeny, Genetic Variation and Host Specificity
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Abbey-Joel-Msc-AGRI-October-2017.Pdf
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF BOTRYTIS BLOSSOM BLIGHT IN WILD BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AITON) by Abbey, Joel Ayebi Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia October, 2017 © Copyright by Abbey, Joel Ayebi, 2017 i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED ................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Hypothesis and Objectives ....................................................................................... 3 1.1.1. Hypothesis .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2. Objectives: .......................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Literature -
Three New Species of B Otryotinia on Ranunculaceae1
THREE NEW SPECIES OF B OTRYOTINIA ON RANUNCULACEAE1 G. L. HENNEBERT2 Institut agronomique, Universite de Louvain, Hervelee, Belgium AND J. W. GROVES3 Research Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada Received October 10, 1962 Abstract Three new species of Botryotinia on Caltha palustris L., Ranunculus septen- trionalis Poir., and Ficaria verna Huds. (Ranunculaceae) are described as B. calthae Hennebert and Elliott, B. ranunculi Hennebert and Groves, and B. ficariarum Hennebert. Each of the three species has a Botrytis state of the 73. cinerea complex, and they thus constitute additions to the species already segregated from that complex, i.e. Botryotinia fuckeliana, 73. convoluta, B. draytoni, and B. pelargonii. The Botrytis state of B. ficariarum can be distinguished morp hologically. While B. ranunculi is a North American species and B. ficariarum an European one, B. calthae is reported from both continents. Introduction Botryotinia, a genus of the Sclerotiniaceae, was erected by Whetzel (1945) for four species formerly assigned to Sclerotinia Fuckel, but which differ from the true Sclerotinia species mainly in their erumpent, planoconvexoid sclerotia which are firmly attached to the substrate, and in the possession of a conidial state belonging to the form-genus Botrytis Pers. The type species is Botryotinia convoluta (Drayton) Whetzel in which the conidial state is a Botrytis of the cinerea type or B. cinerea sensu lato, and the other species included were Botryotinia fuckeliana (De Bary) Whetzel, of which the conidial state is Botrytis cinerea Pers. or B. cinerea sensu stricto, and Botryotinia ricini (Godfrey) Whetz. and B. porri (v. Beyma) Whetz. In the latter two species the conidial states would not be considered Botrytis species of the cinerea type. -
Antifungal Activity of Beauveria Bassiana Endophyte Against Botrytis Cinerea in Two Solanaceae Crops
microorganisms Article Antifungal Activity of Beauveria bassiana Endophyte against Botrytis cinerea in Two Solanaceae Crops Lorena Barra-Bucarei 1,2,* , Andrés France Iglesias 1, Macarena Gerding González 2, Gonzalo Silva Aguayo 2, Jorge Carrasco-Fernández 1, Jean Franco Castro 1 and Javiera Ortiz Campos 1,2 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) Quilamapu, Av. Vicente Méndez 515, Chillán 3800062, Chile; [email protected] (A.F.I.); [email protected] (J.C.-F.); [email protected] (J.F.C.); javiera.ortiz@endofitos.com (J.O.C.) 2 Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Mendez 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile; [email protected] (M.G.G.); [email protected] (G.S.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 December 2019; Accepted: 28 December 2019; Published: 31 December 2019 Abstract: Botrytis cinerea causes substantial losses in tomato and chili pepper crops worldwide. Endophytes have shown the potential for the biological control of diseases. The colonization ability of native endophyte strains of Beauveria bassiana and their antifungal effect against B. cinerea were evaluated in Solanaceae crops. Root drenching with B. bassiana was applied, and endophytic colonization capacity in roots, stems, and leaves was determined. The antagonistic activity was evaluated using in vitro dual culture and also plants by drenching the endophyte on the root and by pathogen inoculation in the leaves. Ten native strains were endophytes of tomato, and eight were endophytes of chili pepper. All strains showed significant in vitro antagonism against B. cinerea (30–36%). A high antifungal effect was observed, and strains RGM547 and RGM644 showed the lowest percentage of the surface affected by the pathogen. -
Potential of Yeasts As Biocontrol Agents of the Phytopathogen Causing Cacao Witches' Broom Disease
fmicb-10-01766 July 30, 2019 Time: 15:35 # 1 REVIEW published: 31 July 2019 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01766 Potential of Yeasts as Biocontrol Agents of the Phytopathogen Causing Cacao Witches’ Broom Disease: Is Microbial Warfare a Solution? Pedro Ferraz1,2, Fernanda Cássio1,2 and Cândida Lucas1,2* 1 Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, 2 Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal Edited by: Sibao Wang, Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens are responsible for major crop losses Shanghai Institutes for Biological worldwide, with a significant socio-economic impact on the life of millions of people Sciences (CAS), China who depend on agriculture-exclusive economy. This is the case of the Witches’ Reviewed by: Mika Tapio Tarkka, Broom Disease (WBD) affecting cacao plant and fruit in South and Central America. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental The severity and extent of this disease is prospected to impact the growing global Research (UFZ), Germany chocolate market in a few decades. WBD is caused by the basidiomycete fungus Ram Prasad, Amity University, India Moniliophthora perniciosa. The methods used to contain the fungus mainly rely on *Correspondence: chemical fungicides, such as copper-based compounds or azoles. Not only are these Cândida Lucas highly ineffective, but also their utilization is increasingly restricted by the cacao industry, [email protected] in part because it promotes fungal resistance, in part related to consumers’ health Specialty section: concerns and environmental awareness. Therefore, the disease is being currently This article was submitted to tentatively controlled through phytosanitary pruning, although the full removal of infected Fungi and Their Interactions, a section of the journal plant material is impossible and the fungus maintains persistent inoculum in the soil, Frontiers in Microbiology or using an endophytic fungal parasite of Moniliophthora perniciosa which production Received: 07 March 2019 is not sustainable. -
Isolation and Characterization of Botrytis Antigen from Allium Cepa L. and Its Role in Rapid Diagnosis of Neck Rot
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) |Volume VIII, Issue V, May 2021|ISSN 2321-2705 Isolation and characterization of Botrytis antigen from Allium cepa L. and its role in rapid diagnosis of neck rot Prabin Kumar Sahoo1, Amrita Masanta2, K. Gopinath Achary3, Shikha Singh4* 1,2,4 Rama Devi Women’s University, Vidya Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 3Imgenex India Pvt. Ltd, E-5 Infocity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Corresponding author* Abstract: Early and accurate diagnosis of neckrot in onions and B. aclada are the predominant species reported to cause permits early treatment which can enhance yield and its storage. neck rot of onion, these species are difficult to distinguish In the present study, polyclonal antibody (pAb) raised against morphologically because of similar growth patterns on agar the protein extract from Botrytis allii was established for the media, and overlapping spore sizes [4]. detection of neck rot using serological assays. The pathogenic proteins were recognized by ELISA with high sensitivity (50 ng). Recent studies of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer Correlation coefficient between infected onions from different (ITS) region of the genome of Botrytis spp. associated with stages and from different agroclimatic zones with antibody titres neck rot of onion have confirmed the existence of three was taken as the primary endpoint for standardization of the distinct groups [5]. These include a smaller-spored group with protocol. Highest positive correlation (r ¼ 0.999) was observed in 16 mitotic chromosomes, (B. aclada AI), a larger-spored stage I and II infected samples of North-western zone, whereas low negative correlation (r ¼ _0.184) was found in stage III group with 16 mitotic chromosomes (B. -
Contrasting Effects of Necrotrophic and Biotrophic Plant Pathogens on the Aphid Aphis Fabae
Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphid Aphis fabae Article Accepted Version Al-Naemi, F. and Hatcher, P. (2013) Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphid Aphis fabae. Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 148 (3). pp. 234-245. ISSN 0013-8703 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12091 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/33136/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12091 Publisher: Wiley All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Contrasting effects of necrotrophic and biotrophic plant pathogens on the aphid Aphis fabae Fatima Al-Naemi* & Paul E Hatcher School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK * Current address: Qatar University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 2713 Corresponding author: P E Hatcher, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK, e-mail: [email protected] Author Contributions: FAN and PEH conceived and designed the experiments, FAN performed the experiments, FAN and PEH analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. 1 Abstract Phytophagous insects have to contend with a wide variation in food quality brought about by a variety of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the plant. -
Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control
Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control Edited by Y. Elad The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel B. Williamson Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, U.K. Paul Tudzynski Institut für Botanik, Münster, Germany and Nafiz Delen Ege University, Izmir, Turkey A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-6586-6 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-2624-9 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-2626-3 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper Front cover images and their creators (in case not mentioned, the addresses can be located in the list of book authors) Top row: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of conidiophores and attached conidia in Botrytis cinerea, top view (left, Brian Williamson) and side view (right, Yigal Elad); hypothetical cAMP-dependent signalling pathway in B. cinerea (middle, Bettina Tudzynski). Second row: Identification of a drug mutation signature on the B. cinerea transcriptome through macroarray analysis - cluster analysis of expression of genes selected through GeneAnova (left, Muriel Viaud et al., INRA, Versailles, France, reprinted with permission from ‘Molecular Microbiology 2003, 50:1451-65, Fig. 5 B1, Blackwell Publishers, Ltd’); portion of Fig. 1 chapter 14, life cycle of B. cinerea and disease cycle of grey mould in wine and table grape vineyards (centre, Themis Michailides and Philip Elmer); confocal microscopy image of a B. cinerea conidium germinated on the outer surface of detached grape berry skin and immunolabelled with the monoclonal antibody BC-12.CA4 and anti-mouse FITC (right, Frances M. -
Thesis FINAL PRINT
Preface This study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (IKBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) during November 2009 to November 2010. My supervisors were Professor Dr Arne Tronsmo and PhD student Md. Hafizur Rahman, Department of IKBM, UMB. I express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to Professor Arne Tronsmo and Dr. Linda Gordon Hjeljord for their dynamic guidance throughout the period of the study, constant encouragement, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion during preparation of the thesis. I also want to thank Md. Hafizur Rahman for his guidance during my research work. Moreover I express my sincere gratitude to Grethe Kobro and Else Maria Aasen and all other staffs and workers at IKBM, UMB for their helpful co-operation to complete the research work in the laboratory. Last but not the least; I feel the heartiest indebtedness to Sabine and my family members for their patient inspirations, sacrifices and never ending encouragement. Ås, January 2011 Latifur Rahman Shovan i Abstract This thesis has been focused on methods to control diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea. B. cinerea causes grey mould disease of strawberry and chickpea, as well as many other plants. The fungal isolates used were isolated from chickpea leaf (Gazipur, Bangladesh) or obtained from the Norwegian culture collections of Bioforsk (Ås) and IKBM (UMB). Both morphological and molecular characterization helped to identify the fungal isolates as Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea 101 and B. cinerea-BD), Trichoderma atroviride, T. asperellum Alternaria brassicicola, and Mucor piriformis. The identity of one fungal isolate, which was obtained from the culture collection of Bioforsk under the name Microdochium majus, could not be confirmed in this study. -
Scouting for Disease
Foliar Disease Management in Pulses What are the tools and how to use them Sabine Banniza, Crop Development Centre Steps for disease management decisions 1. Disease identification 2. Assessment of severity of infection 3. Assessment of risk for further spread 4. Identification of short-term management tools 5. Long-term management strategies Step 1 DISEASE IDENTIFICATION Organisms that cause plant diseases Fungi (spores: 5 – Viruses 50 μm) (17-1000 nm) Bacteria Mollicutes (0.6 – 3.5 μm) (0.3 – 1.0 μm) Nematodes (250μm – 12mm) SYMPTOMS CAUSED BY PLANT PATHOGENS CHLOROSIS SCABS & CANCERS NECROSIS WILTS S. Chatterton GALLS & TUMORS Chickpea ascochyta blight Lentil ascochyta blight Pea ascochyta blight Faba bean ascochyta blight Lentil anthracnose Lentil stemphylium blight Sclerotinia (L) and Botrytis (R) on lentil Chocolate spot of faba bean Soybean pictures (bottom row in the presentation) from University of Minnesota Extension (copyright protected) (https://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/crop-diseases/soybean) BUT…. ….some of these symptoms can be mixed up with • Herbicide damage • Nutrient deficiencies • Physiological abnormalities • Environmental damage Faba bean Chocolate spot Herbicide or surfactant burn Soybean Many (but not all) major diseases in W-Canada are caused by fungi PEA LENTIL CHICKPEA FABA BEAN SOYBEAN Ascochyta blight (each crop with its own species) Septoria brown spot Anthracnose (Anthracnose) Bacterial blight Botrytis grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) Chocolate spot Frog eye leaf (Botrytis fabae) spot (Cercospora) Sclerotinia -
GRAS Notice for Pichia Kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use As a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle
GRAS Notice for Pichia kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use as a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle Prepared for: Division of Animal Feeds, (HFV-220) Center for Veterinary Medicine 7519 Standish Place Rockville, Maryland 20855 Submitted by: ASCUS Biosciences, Inc. 6450 Lusk Blvd Suite 209 San Diego, California 92121 GRAS Notice for Pichia kudriavzevii ASCUSDY21 for Use as a Direct Fed Microbial in Dairy Cattle TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 – SIGNED STATEMENTS AND CERTIFICATION ................................................................................... 9 1.1 Name and Address of Organization .............................................................................................. 9 1.2 Name of the Notified Substance ................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Intended Conditions of Use .......................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Statutory Basis for the Conclusion of GRAS Status ....................................................................... 9 1.5 Premarket Exception Status .......................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Availability of Information .......................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 .................................................................................. 10 1.8 Certification ................................................................................................................................ -
(Discomycetes) Collected in the Former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 3 Autor(en)/Author(s): Palmer James Terence, Tortic Milica, Matocec Neven Artikel/Article: Sclerotiniaceae (Discomycetes) collected in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. 41-70 Ost. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 3©Österreichische (1994) . Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 41 Sclerotiniaceae (Discomycetes) collected in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia JAMES TERENCE PALMER MILICA TORTIC 25, Beech Road, Sutton Weaver Livadiceva 16 via Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 3ER, England 41000 Zagreb, Croatia NEVEN MATOCEC Institut "Ruöer BoSkovic" - C1M GBI 41000 Zagreb, Croatia Received April 8, 1994 I Key words: Ascomycotina, Sclerotiniaceae: Cihoria, Ciborinia, Dumontinia, Lambertella, Lanzia, Monilinia, Pycnopeziza, Rutstroemia. - Mycofloristics. - Former republics of Yugoslavia: Bosnia- Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia. Abstract: Collections by the first two authors during 1964-1968 and in 1993, and the third author in 1988-1993, augmented by several received from other workers, produced 27 species of Sclerotiniaceae, mostly common but including some rarely collected or reported: Ciboria gemmincola, Ciborinia bresadolae, Lambertella corni-maris, Lanzia elatina, Monilinia johnsonii and Pycnopeziza sejournei. Zusammenfassung: Aufsammlungen der beiden Erstautoren in den Jahren 1964-1968 -
Factors Affecting Development of Iris Rhizome Rot Caused by Botrytis Convoluta Whetzel and Drayton
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JOHN LEWIS MAAS for the Ph. D. (Name of student) (Degree) in Plant Pathology presented on April 19, 1968 (Major) (Date) Title: FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF IRIS RHIZOME ROT CAUSED BY BOTRYTIS CONVOLUTA WHETZEL AND DRAYTON Abstract approved: Robert L. Powelson Abundant conidial and sclerotial production occurs on iris plants infected with Botrytis convoluta Whetzel and Drayton during the cool moist months of the year. Experiments were designed to study the survival and inoculum potential of conidia and sclerotia. Basic nutritional requirements of the fungus in culture were also studied. Results of field and laboratory studies indicated a large per- centage of iris plants apparently free of B. convoluta carried latent infections. The evidence indicates that these latent infections origi- nate from contact of healthy tissue with senescent or dead leaf and/ or rhizome tissues. Progression into healthy tissues is halted by increasingly higher soil and air temperatures and periderm forma- tion which walls off the infections. Active rot development occurs when conditions favorable for pathogenesis return. These latent infections which are undetectable visually would be a very important means of dissemination of the disease since growers believe they are shipping sound rhizomes. Chemical control would be difficult because the infections are inaccessible to non -systemic fungicides. Field inoculation of rhizomes with conidia, sclerotia and rolled - oat cultures of B. convoluta resulted in significantly increased infec- tion of iris plants inoculated with conidia. Sclerotia placed onto wounded areas of rhizomes also caused significantly increased in- fection incidence. Differences in field resistance to the pathogen were also noted.