Appendix a - Pesticide Products* Approved by the EPA in 2017 and 2018
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Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq. -
Expansive and Diverse Phenotypic Landscape of Field Aedes Aegypti Larvae with Differential Susceptibility
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447310; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Title Page 2 Full Title: Expansive and diverse phenotypic landscape of field Aedes aegypti larvae with 3 differential susceptibility to temephos: beyond metabolic detoxification 4 Short Title: Gene expression in temephos resistant field populations of Aedes aegypti 5 Authors: Jasmine Morgan1, J. Enrique Salcedo-Sora2*, Omar Triana-Chavez3, Clare Strode1* 6 Author affiliations: 1Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, UK 7 2Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK 8 3Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), University of 9 Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia 10 Corresponding authors: * [email protected] (CS) and J.Salcedo- 11 [email protected] (JES-S) 1 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.07.447310; this version posted June 7, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 12 Abstract 13 Arboviruses including dengue, Zika and chikungunya are amongst the most significant public 14 health concerns worldwide and their control relies heavily on the use of insecticides to 15 control the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. -
Transfluthrin (Insecticides, Acaricides and Products to Control Other Arthropods)
Regulation (EU) n°528/2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products Evaluation of active substances Assessment Report Transfluthrin (insecticides, acaricides and products to control other arthropods) 13 March 2014 RMS: the Netherlands Transfluthrin (PT18) Assessment report Finalised in the Standing Committee on Biocidal Products at its meeting on 13 March 2014 CONTENTS 1. STATEMENT OF SUBJECT MATTER AND PURPOSE .................................. 4 1.1. Principle of evaluation .................................................................................... 4 1.2. Purpose of the assessment report ................................................................... 4 1.3. Procedure followed .......................................................................................... 4 2. OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 6 2.1. Presentation of the Active Substance ............................................................. 6 2.1.1. Identity, Physico-Chemical Properties & Methods of Analysis ....... 6 2.1.2. Intended Uses and Efficacy ................................................................ 8 2.1.3. Classification and Labelling .............................................................. 8 2.2. Summary of the Risk Assessment ................................................................ 11 2.2.1. Human Health Risk Assessment ...................................................... 11 2.2.1.1. Hazard identification ........................................................................ -
INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401 -
4. Chemical and Physical Information
PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS 131 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION 4.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY The naturally-occurring pyrethrins, extracted from chrysanthemum flowers, are esters of chrysanthemic acid (Pyrethrin I, Cinerin I, and Jasmolin I) and esters of pyrethric acid (Pyrethrin II, Cinerin II, and Jasmolin II). In the United States, the pyrethrum extract is standardized as 45–55% w/w total pyrethrins. The typical proportion of Pyrethrins I to II is 0.2:2.8, while the ratio of pyrethrins:cinerins:jasmolins is 71:21:7 (Tomlin 1997). Information regarding the chemical identity of the pyrethrins is presented in Table 4-1. Pyrethroids are synthetic esters derived from the naturally-occurring pyrethrins. One exception to the axiom that all pyrethroids are esters of carboxylic acids is noteworthy. There is a group of oxime ethers that exhibits insecticidal activity similar in nature to the pyrethrins and pyrethroid esters (Davies 1985). Little data exist regarding these compounds, and no commercial products have been produced. Commercially available pyrethroids include allethrin, bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate (fenvalerate), flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, phenothrin, resmethrin, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, and tralomethrin. Information regarding the chemical identity of pyrethroids is shown in Table 4-2. With the exception of deltamethrin, pyrethroids are a complex mixture of isomers rather than one single pure compound. For pyrethroids possessing the cyclopropane moiety, isomerism about the cyclopropane ring greatly influences the toxicity of these insecticides. The presence of two chiral centers in the ring results in two pairs of diastereomers. The diastereomers and their nonsuperimposable mirror images (enantiomers) are illustrated in Figure 4-1. -
U.S. EPA, Pesticides, Label, TEFLUTHRIN TECHNICAL, 7/19
\09-lo\S- 0)-1'1-2, J}!) UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES July 19,2010 Pat Dinnen Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. P.O. Box 18300 Greensboro, NC 27419 Subject: Label Notification(s) for Pesticide Registration Notice 2007-4 Amending the Storage and Disposal Language Dear Pat Dinnen: The Agency is in receipt of your Application(s) for Pesticide Notification under Pesticide Registration Notice PRN 2007-4 dated June 22,2010 for the following product(s): Fenoxycarb Technical EPA Reg. No.1 00-723 Cypermethrin Technical EPA Reg. No. 100-989 Tefluthrin Technical EPA Reg. No. 100-1015 Lambda-Cyhalothrin Manufacturing CS EPA Reg. No. 100-1107 Lufenuron Techincal EPA Reg. No. 100-1175 Lambda-Cyhalothrin 250 CS MUP EPA Reg. No. 100-1251 Cypermethrin 250EC MUP EPA Reg. No. 100-1301 The Registration Division (RD) has conducted a review of this request for applicability under PRN 2007-4 and finds that the label change(s) requested falls within the scope of PRN-98-10. The label has been date-stamped "Notification" and will be placed in our records. Please be reminded that 40 CFR Part 156. 140(a)(4) requires that a batch code, lot niImber, or other code identifying the batch of the pesticide distributed and sold be placed on nomefillable containers. The code may appear either on the label (and can be added by non-notificationlPR Notice 98-10) or durably marked on the container itself. If you have any questions, please contact Regina Foushee'-Smith at 703-605-0780. -
Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard
Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard Gas Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta, Baptiste Sirjean, Laurent Verdier, René Fournet, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude To cite this version: Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta, Baptiste Sirjean, Laurent Verdier, René Fournet, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude. Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard Gas. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, American Chemical Society, 2017, 121 (17), pp.3254-3262. 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01238. hal-01708219 HAL Id: hal-01708219 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01708219 Submitted on 13 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Kinetic Modeling of the Thermal Destruction of Nitrogen Mustard Gas Juan-Carlos Lizardo-Huerta†, Baptiste Sirjean†, Laurent Verdier‡, René Fournet†, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude†,* †Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France ‡DGA Maîtrise NRBC, Site du Bouchet, 5 rue Lavoisier, BP n°3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France *corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The destruction of stockpiles or unexploded ammunitions of nitrogen mustard (tris (2- chloroethyl) amine, HN-3) requires the development of safe processes. -
Nerve Agent - Lntellipedia Page 1 Of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of MILLIONS of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Nerve Agent - lntellipedia Page 1 of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent UNCLASSIFIED From lntellipedia Nerve Agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally relaxes the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. ...--------- --- -·---- - --- -·-- --- --- Contents • 1 Overview • 2 Biological Effects • 2.1 Mechanism of Action • 2.2 Antidotes • 3 Classes • 3.1 G-Series • 3.2 V-Series • 3.3 Novichok Agents • 3.4 Insecticides • 4 History • 4.1 The Discovery ofNerve Agents • 4.2 The Nazi Mass Production ofTabun • 4.3 Nerve Agents in Nazi Germany • 4.4 The Secret Gets Out • 4.5 Since World War II • 4.6 Ocean Disposal of Chemical Weapons • 5 Popular Culture • 6 References and External Links --------------- ----·-- - Overview As chemical weapons, they are classified as weapons of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and their production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993; the Chemical Weapons Convention officially took effect on April 291997. Poisoning by a nerve agent leads to contraction of pupils, profuse salivation, convulsions, involuntary urination and defecation, and eventual death by asphyxiation as control is lost over respiratory muscles. -
Fumigation for Rabbit Control
Fumigation for rabbit control Introduction: Fumigation is a valuable tool in successful rabbit management programs. It is an effective follow-up technique to poison baiting and warren ripping, and is a particularly useful control method in areas where other techniques cannot be used (eg poison baiting). Fumigation works by replacing the air in warrens with Figure 1: Phostoxin tablets and dry paper are pushed deep lethal gasses, which are in-turn inhaled by rabbits, into the warren entrance. Image: Invasive Animals CRC causing them to suffocate and die. There are two types of fumigation: Fumigants Chloropicrin: Chloropicrin is a colourless, toxic liquid • pressure fumigation - where the fumigant is generated that is currently used in Australia as an insecticide, soil outside the warren and forced into the warren under and warren fumigant, and rodenticide. Chloropicrin pressure, usually from a pump is classified as a dangerous poison (Schedule 7) as • diffusion (or static) fumigation – where tablets are placed it has a high potential to cause harm, even at low in active burrows (Figure 1) and the fumigant generated exposures. Chloropicrin has recently been placed under is allowed to passively diffuse through the warren (this is review by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary the preferred method)1. Medicines Authority (APVMA) because of environmental, There are strict regulations around the use of fumigants human health and human safety concerns. It is not for rabbit control that reduce the risk of harm to recommended for use, even though it is still registered operators. For this reason, users may also require training in some states. Pressure fumigation using chloropicrin ® or accreditation before using approved fumigants. -
Tenth Meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group
MEETING REPORT 13–15 May 2019 Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group MEETING REPORT 13–15 May 2019 Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group WHO/CDS/VCAG/2019.02 © World Health Organization 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Tenth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/CDS/VCAG/2019.02). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. -
AP-42, CH 9.2.2: Pesticide Application
9.2.2PesticideApplication 9.2.2.1General1-2 Pesticidesaresubstancesormixturesusedtocontrolplantandanimallifeforthepurposesof increasingandimprovingagriculturalproduction,protectingpublichealthfrompest-bornediseaseand discomfort,reducingpropertydamagecausedbypests,andimprovingtheaestheticqualityofoutdoor orindoorsurroundings.Pesticidesareusedwidelyinagriculture,byhomeowners,byindustry,andby governmentagencies.Thelargestusageofchemicalswithpesticidalactivity,byweightof"active ingredient"(AI),isinagriculture.Agriculturalpesticidesareusedforcost-effectivecontrolofweeds, insects,mites,fungi,nematodes,andotherthreatstotheyield,quality,orsafetyoffood.Theannual U.S.usageofpesticideAIs(i.e.,insecticides,herbicides,andfungicides)isover800millionpounds. AiremissionsfrompesticideusearisebecauseofthevolatilenatureofmanyAIs,solvents, andotheradditivesusedinformulations,andofthedustynatureofsomeformulations.Mostmodern pesticidesareorganiccompounds.EmissionscanresultdirectlyduringapplicationorastheAIor solventvolatilizesovertimefromsoilandvegetation.Thisdiscussionwillfocusonemissionfactors forvolatilization.Thereareinsufficientdataavailableonparticulateemissionstopermitemission factordevelopment. 9.2.2.2ProcessDescription3-6 ApplicationMethods- Pesticideapplicationmethodsvaryaccordingtothetargetpestandtothecroporothervalue tobeprotected.Insomecases,thepesticideisapplieddirectlytothepest,andinotherstothehost plant.Instillothers,itisusedonthesoilorinanenclosedairspace.Pesticidemanufacturershave developedvariousformulationsofAIstomeetboththepestcontrolneedsandthepreferred -
Combustion and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Chloropicrin J.-C
Combustion and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Chloropicrin J.-C. Lizardo-Huerta, B. Sirjean, L. Verdier, R. Fournet, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude To cite this version: J.-C. Lizardo-Huerta, B. Sirjean, L. Verdier, R. Fournet, Pierre-Alexandre Glaude. Combustion and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Chloropicrin. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, American Chemical Society, 2018, 122 (26), pp.5735 - 5741. 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04007. hal-01921757 HAL Id: hal-01921757 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01921757 Submitted on 14 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Combustion and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Chloropicrin J.-C. Lizardo-Huerta1, B. Sirjean1, L. Verdier2, R. Fournet1, P.-A. Glaude1* 1 Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France 2 DGA Maîtrise NRBC, Site du Bouchet, 5 rue Lavoisier, BP n°3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France Corresponding author : Pierre-Alexandre Glaude Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés 1 rue Grandville BP 20451 54001 Nancy Cedex, France Email:[email protected] 1 Abstract Chloropicrin (CCl3NO2) is widely used in agriculture as a pesticide, weed-killer, fungicide or nematicide.