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Oranga Tonutanga: Sustained Māori Wellbeing

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Oranga Tonutanga: Sustained Māori Wellbeing Oranga Tonutanga: Sustained Māori Wellbeing Kelsey Raiha Metcalfe 1430552 Principal supervisor: Peter McPherson Associate supervisor: Graeme McConchie An Explanatory Document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture (Professional). Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand 20192020 1 2 E kore e ngaro, he takere waka nui We will never be lost, we are the hull of a great canoe 3 4 Māori identity. Due to the significant effects of urbanisation, and Abstract high concentration of Māori in Tāmaki Makaurau, there will be a specific focus on urban Māori. Colonisation has left devastating effects on the Indigenous people of Aotearoa, and although much time has passed, the effects and Utilising a Kaupapa Māori approach, this research examines the systems of colonisation still remain. Justified by the colonisers two fields of Māori architecture and wellbeing to answer the ‘noble’ intentions, Māori have been discriminated against and question: How can a Wellbeing facility promote Urban Māori forced to assimilate into a foreign system that does not take into Identity and Wellbeing? The solution is a purpose-built Māori account their unique history, cultural beliefs, or practices. This has wellbeing facility centred on Māori health approaches, that resulted in the overall suppression of Māori culture, language and supports the sustained wellbeing of Māori, and reflects the identity; which has seen a further decline due to the effects of community and place it is designed for. Based at the marae, the urbanisation. Statistical analysis and research have highlighted the wellbeing facility will reconnect urban Māori to Te Ao Māori, negative impact of this on Māori wellbeing and identity, the health empower the autonomy of Māori communities, and support marae sector being a significant contributor. in providing their community programmes. Research has identified a secure cultural identity as a necessary pre-requisite in improving Māori wellbeing. Despite this, healthcare approaches remain predominantly western driven. Operating on a ‘one size fits all’ basis, these approaches deny Māori identity, worldviews and voices, and as a result, perpetuate the continued disempowerment of Māori communities. This growing realisation has seen the establishment of Kaupapa Māori driven health services and units. However, these continue to be housed in western building typologies that do not reflect, and often times conflict with Māori tikanga, identity, and practices. This research acknowledges the colonial history of NZ, and the detrimental effects this has had, and continues to have on Māori wellbeing today. This approach seeks to analyse and validate traditional and modern Māori health approaches, in correlation to 5 6 Urban marae ...................................................................................... 49 Table of Contents Marae as a healing space ................................................................... 50 Abstract ....................................................................................... 5 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 52 Acknowledgements ...................................................................... 7 Precedence studies ..................................................................... 55 Potawot Health Village .................................................................... 57 Glossary ..................................................................................... 11 Te Kura Whare ................................................................................. 69 Introduction ............................................................................... 13 Design ........................................................................................ 73 Ko wai au? Who am I? ...................................................................... 14 Site analysis ..................................................................................... 74 Background of the project ................................................................. 16 Contextual Map ................................................................................. 74 Research Question ............................................................................ 17 Cultural Context mapping .................................................................. 75 Project outline .................................................................................. 18 Manurewa Marae .............................................................................. 84 Site Visit ............................................................................................. 87 Aim/ Objectives ................................................................................ 18 Design process ................................................................................. 87 Scope, and Limitations ...................................................................... 19 Design drive ....................................................................................... 88 State of knowledge in the field ......................................................... 20 Design Principles: ............................................................................... 91 Design matrix ..................................................................................... 94 Methods ........................................................................................... 22 Bubble map layout ............................................................................. 96 Literature review ....................................................................... 25 Design Concepts ................................................................................. 97 Developed Design .............................................................................. 98 Wellbeing ......................................................................................... 26 Introduction ....................................................................................... 26 Final Design .............................................................................. 107 Māori Wellbeing pre-European Arrival .............................................. 27 Bibliography ............................................................................. 109 Māori Wellbeing post-European Arrival ............................................ 30 Māori Wellbeing Present-day Statistics ............................................. 34 List of Illustrations .................................................................... 126 Definitions of Wellbeing ..................................................................... 36 Māori Wellbeing Perspectives ........................................................... 38 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 42 Māori Architecture: .......................................................................... 44 Introduction ....................................................................................... 44 Brief History ....................................................................................... 45 7 To the Ngā Wai a Te Tūī Māori research centre, my new family; Acknowledgements thank you for creating a safe space for us Māori students to learn, and to be Māori. You have supported us every step of the way, fighting for us, especially during Covid19 when no one else did. ‘Ehara taku toa i te toa takitahi, engari he toa takitini’ Thank you so much for providing us with space, not only to grow, My success is not my own, but from many others. but to flourish. A huge acknowledgement to Prof. Jenny Lee- Morgan, my supervisor and mentor. Thank you for seeing the potential in me, for guiding me, and supporting me through Firstly, I would like to thank my cousin Iriaka, along with her parents everything. It is your belief that has allowed me to realise the Nick (Uncle Calm) and Char Atama. Although we weren’t as close potential in myself. A special thank you to my dear friend and growing up, you have now become a significant part of my life. As colleague Jackie, for your time, friendship and consistent support; soon as you heard the news, you came and stayed with me every although I still have more work to do, you have helped me grow step of the way. If it weren’t for you all, I would not be here writing into my confidence as a young Māori woman. this. You have given me the most precious gift of all, and that is the ability to stand tall, and say ‘I know who I am’, and for all of this, I To my dear friends, the tight five: Maia Ratana, Hanna-Marie am forever grateful. Monga, Reuben Smiler, and Kapotai Marino. Thank you all for supporting me throughout my studies, for giving me a safe space To my whānau, thank you for the endless support you have given to learn, to speak my mind, and to be Māori. It has been difficult me throughout my life. I especially want to acknowledge my mum navigating this Eurocentric system, however it has been your Karen O’Neill. Thank you for the endless work you have put into endless support which has pulled me through this; you have all creating a better life for us kids. You have held it down for us since become a significant part of my life forever. birth, ensuring that we had everything we needed, and created pathways to pursue better education so that we may not struggle I would like to acknowledge the rest
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