Population Density of Overwintering Larvae of Chilo Suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Host Weeds in Mazandaran Province

135-146 1387 2 10

e $ .C +H I$Z X9 6 =? =.0 $D' $

Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) f ; H u1 $= 6 = 6

** 0XZ !0# * #\ LA

87/7/24 : $% /01 () 86/4/20 : $% &' ()

E= Z iQ +Z $ 3 e $ 78 (Chilo suppressalis) e $ .C+H I$Z J + $= 6 =f Q +H $C8 & ? .@ + 78 & .$9 $ Q +, - & N =? 6 a J + $= 6 = fQ = + +.' . X9 Œ H N(Xanthium pensylvanicum) Œ.' $= fQ + 6 X9 6 =? $D' N :H + (Amaranthus retroflexus) \$CB ' (Sorghum halopense) + >=.Z 6 = :H 6? :Z$' &$ d +Z d e . $ + >=.Z $F & a , (P< 0/05) . $F $ d Œ.' 9 6 =? :Z$' .. &$ Z .7 E7 (1384 x8 ' $< ) 6$ + . + = 12 1 =? ..0 6 = u1 4 a $[ + a . = d x8 $C 8 &$ d $< 4 =.0 8 &$':Z Œ.' 9 6 + >=.Z :H :Z$' &$ d +Z d =? =.0 I$Z $= 6 =f Q &$':< ^X .. \$CB ' 9 6 :H E7 1 X9 6 =? + ' Ne $ J + .C+H .. Q 4k7 78 E= Z + $r $ & $= 6 = N NX9 6 =? Ne $ .C +H I$Z N =.0 :6Z Z

* (E-mail: [email protected]) B!0! - B!0#) 0# ! 7 S2! !J d9! 0@ 728 0 62! - B!0! - B! 9 h J ' w90> ;%%<) A2? 345 7>0 - ** 1387 2 10

+ a 4 \2 hE! h j ;' > B!0! 1863 &2 > L$! w90> !'E \ 2 "0 > f! v!0Z! 04 4 W T w90> cE 1351 &2 9 B!0! 6E8 9 "0 7 ! B> n0@! .(19 14) 0>7 02 d J z2') B! 9 B62! L>C8) 0# L! ! 86A4 w90> W 6= "\! w90> !'E \ 2 728 74@ 4 > ;IJ 720> ! 9 ': KaXZ w90> 7$'_I KIJ B!0! ! ' •E ! KIJ L! .(2) 0@ '9 > B4@ 02 (B6A ) w90> f! KIJ L06# 0q & 7d90I :'@ @ .(19) 47 !! 'E "0 kj'a . >7 B!0! & 7 !'9 ") 79 v'2 yXA) & B4@ (2) B > !! 9 W 6= 7 !'9 w90> !'E \ 2 v'2 yXA) & B4@ (14) "S2! ;' > 86A4 cE 02 4B 6A cn " & ‚\ 3\ & 0@ 0 79 43 hE! h j hC > ' B!'8T > (19) 8 8@ 8C! /! 8> /! .(16) 97 0‡2 T hE! 9\> 7I0a w90> !'E \2 "0 H# 4B > 0> ST Chilo spp. W 6= 4 9'@ !'E \2 "0 B > B4@ L06# . 9! 9 ! cE "0@ 4 B6A>) 02 4B 6A Compositae Poaceae 4 !'9E ! w90> L! 897 0‡2 96A>) ' K$ > Sparganiaceae Typhaceae Amarantaceae %0IJ YZ8 V F! 84 ! B'8 ) Kaq Poaceae !'9E >7 Cyperaceae ! B9 ;%%<) .(7) K2! /!@ C. suppressalis !0> B> @ ! a) L06> 34 4; ! 4'>0 B! 3!I! .(8) ! ! H# h !'T ! B> @ gJ LŒ)0 ! % 7# 3%9 ;IJ B> B4@ B'n 'Z > .(23) 8> 7 4!'E \ 2 ' B!1@ B6A Ka: %> 79!1@B 6A 7!1F 06A> 9 B> @ gJ 'X 4 B'9 L06# !1$ 9! ;IJ 4j ' Š%$! `T> V28 9 %r8 w90> !'E \2 "0 79!1@B 6A .'7 Chilo 4 9'@ 02 C. partellus 4BJ 728 Lq ) 720> B! 9 9 7r< z!0 0@! 76 K2! 7$ L! B!1@ B6A 04 4W T &068 !0> K$ KIJ ‚'I z!0 > g' r K0 V$\ KIJ Ka: 34 K#: .(21 3) 47 !! 7@ 9 > ' .(24) ' 90> ;IJ 7%G ) & ! B6A w90> !'E \ 2 "0

136 1387 2 10

< . hE! …\! 04 4 W T 'u8 L! !0> . 04 4W T K4! > :')> …r\ ! M …r\ \'Z 9 ! Xanthium ) ‚') h w90> f! !0\ 7C62S 4 A hE! 7Iq! 4^0 > ‚\ (pensylvanicum; Compositeae h%68 d J > ;_= KXt > 6I0@ (Sorghum halopense; Gramineae) \2 L6IC ! M d J . 9 Amaranthus retroflexus; ) [0E• ) #9J ':' 4j ! a) 04 4W T 4 B'9 B!'8T > (Amaranthacea 9@! : 'Z > 4) ! c 04 !0> / 9 w90> !'E \2 "0 79!1@B 6A ! h 4 ! B . 0@ KXt B62! YZ8 V F! #9J …2 7@ 8 !0 !0> 9 '9 YZ8 h W 6= 4) 1384 &2 7472 0> B! 9 ! G62! > B> @ f'9 !0> 9'9 () "0 4j Ka: H !0) ;!0O) > r>! h 4e' > }0Z V$\ SAS !I! "09 B!1@B 6A B> 2 w90> !'E \ 2 9 4L d9 . J h <) ) 7I_) 3%9 7>! !0> .(19 14) KI0@ " 9! ‚'I B' J 9 LC9! 8 ! 8n B' J [2!0> 4j Ka: 74'X9! ;92'9 H \! .(20) 9 8> 0@ A% LSD S 2 62) K H \! 2 B!1@B 6A w90> ;%%<) A2? h J) KB (0#Ho\ i* e S 0d84J 62) ! ‡4' (v!0Z! 7 !'9 !0> 9'9 () %r8 40O6 0t! ! !0> 9'9 . 6I0@ 0u9 (0#Ho \ j ! a) 0> (04 W T) B!1@B 6A B> [0E• ) ‚\ ‚') 04 4W T 4j H !0) ;G) .(P< 0/05) '> !78 a 1384/7/12 () ! 7d6G4 'Z > w90> f! H \! 2 w90> !'E \2 "0 B!1@B 6A . " 9! ( 6G4 12 ; >) 1384/9/29 7$! (h J w90> A2? ) KB (S 2) K w8 YZ8 ! c 04 !0> 9'9 () 04 .(P< 0/05) '> !7 8a (S 0d84J) ‡4' (06 7 692 50 × 50) ! 9! K>'9 KB 4 H \! j H !0) L06> ‚\ ‚')) 04 4W T " 9! w90> f! .(1 hC) '> ‡4' !0> 9'9 4 hE! ':' ([0E• )

137 1387 2 10

a a 1.32

1.29

� 1.32 � � � �

� 1.29 � � d � e t � 1.26 � c �

e b l l � o e �

c 1.23 1.19 a � f v � o r � a r l �

e 1.2 b � m � � u

� 1.17 n n � a e �

� 1.14 � M � � 1.11 Mid-Land (Amol) Up-Land Low-Land (Sarokola) (Ahangarkola)

��

Sampled regions

+ >=.Z N :H + X9 6 = 6 X9 6 =? :Z$' - 1 4

Fig. 1 . Population density of overwintering larvae on winter host plants in three climates, low-, mid- and up-lands

!0> 9' 9 YZ8 » h>%6 0t! Ld9 A% ‚') @ B!1@ B6A 4j ! a) 4j Ka: 74'X9! «04 4W T × hC) (P< 0/05) '> 0d B> ! 06> ! B9 C. suppressalis B!1@B 6A .(2 K B H \! 04 j H !0) L06> > B!1@ B6A 4j Ka: H !0) j H !0) L0)H ‚') @ 0> ‡4' 'Z > KI 3!I! 7 9! B K1@ K2 > [0E• ) @ K H \! (7/12) 0# h!! > N'>0 H !0) L06 .(1 & :) '> !0> 9'9 0E!! > N'>0 H !0) L06> .(3 hC) (P< 0/05) '> (]J 0E!!)

138 1387 2 10

a 1.34

� 1.34 � � �

� 1.32 � �

� 1.3 � e � b � a f �

v 1.28 o r

� 1.24 r b a � l e �

b 1.26 g

� 1.22 m n � i u r � 1.24 n e t � n n � i a 1.22 e � w � r � M e �

v 1.2 � o � �

� 1.18 � 1.16 Sorghum Amaranthus Xanthium

��

Host

\$CB ' Œ H NŒ.' + 6 X9 6 =? :Z$' - 2 4 Fig. 2 . Population density of overwintering larvae on three winter host plants

2.25 a a 2 d a a c bc

� ab �

� 1.75 ab y c t b � a i � s n � 1.5 e � d � l � a � 1.25 v � r a � l 1 � n � a e � 0.75 M 0.5 0.25

2 9 6 .3 0 7 4 . 1 .8 5 2 9 .1 .1 .2 8 .1 .1 .2 9 9 .1 . 2 .2 .7 .7 .7 . .8 .8 .8 . . .9 .9 .9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ��ی� ��

Date of sampling

6$+ . f ; 6 =P ' :< + 6 X9 6 =? $D' - 3 4 Fig. 3 . Population density of overwintering larvae on three winter host plants in different dates samplings

139 1387 2 10

C. suppressalis 6 =? :Z$' 6 $= 6 =f Q × 6$ + . u1 4 a $[ &F + a - 1 3 Table 1 - Mean comparison of interaction between sampling regions × weeds on population density of C. suppressalis

* =& F $= 6 =f Q × :H Means* Weeds × Climate

bc Amaranthus sp. × 1.264 ± 0.417 Mid-land × Amaranthus sp.

a Xanthium sp. × 1.389 ± 0.474 Mid-land × Xanthium sp.

bc Sorghum sp. × 1.255 ± 0.413 Mid-land × Sorghum sp.

ab Amaranthus sp. × + >=.Z 1.300 ± 0.455 Up-land × Amaranthus sp.

a Xanthium sp. × + >=.Z 1.293 ± 0.524 Up-land × Xanthium sp.

bc Sorghum sp. × + >=.Z 1.266 ± 0.458 Up-land × Sorghum sp.

c Amaranthus sp. × 1.167 ± 0.451 Low-land × Amaranthus sp.

bc Xanthium sp. × 1.229 ± 0.495 Low-land × Xanthium sp.

bc Sorghum sp. × 1.182 ± 0.510 Low-land × Sorghum sp. * .(P< 0.01) + d $ ^$ 6 6 =& F ' - * - Means with various letters have significant difference (P< 0.01).

D4 BD> ! 0D) …2 WZ ': BC ! 0 ! H !0D) L06D> 345 L! w69 [2!0> D%r8 C. suppressalis !0D> B!1@B 6A K2 > ‡4' K B 4 H \! j hDD J YZDD8 DD> DDA% (S DD2) KDD 'DD KDD HDD \! DDC8! DD> DD:')> . DD J LD! L6I0D@ 0Du9 > . 97 B> ! S 0d84J (S 2 62) 345 L! !0> 9'9 zD%I YD%<) LD! !0> 9'9 6C9 D> DA% 0D) f'D86 74D@ 3' !! 02 K2! " 9! B!1@ B6A B> 2 L! !1$ K2! '> ‡4' K B 4 H \!

140 1387 2 10

D ! D J KD2 D> 4 H \! 02 ! 0)L K ! 06D> K H \! #9J f'8) 4 B> BAC K>t 9 YZ8 ") !0> '> 69 !0DD\ 7DD20> 'DD KDD2! 'DD> 0DDd HDD \! KD BD D4 HD \! KD2! LC KA9 D ! 'D: D9 BDC ! LD! !1D$ 9! 6I0d9 . 8D> j H !0) L0)L !! ‡4' B!1@ B6A 4j ! ! u S h>\ D4j KDa: 7D9!!0I B'> L & 04 7D9 0Du9) BD> BD4@ 02 K H \! ; 9 > A> ‡4' YZ8 4!'E \2 ! (0DDF "SD2! yXDDA) &DD v'DD2 B'D> L ! 79 9!')7 K2! /!@ LD! 8> 0 g=69! 79!1@ B6A K#: YDT D>J gJ 02 ‡4' YZ8 D4j ! Da) ! 7D8a 34D `DT> 0 ! 06 8 ! a) (78 06A>) !$ eE H D> A% S 2 K B!1@ B6A KD BD HD \! !0D> 4D9 L6D 0 D9 6C9 L! > L8|4 .K2! 0d %r8 "Dd84 KD!0> D89 7 !'DT D> 9!') 7 D4 H \! 4!$ Ka2 '9 ! > H=D (; X2) " K > !$ h X) (S 0Dd84J) ! D‡4' (hD J) KD B .(12 7 3) 0@ N'>0 L YT 06D> YD%<) LD! S 2 K > A% ! 06D> ! ‚') @ B!1@ B6A 4j Ka: H !0) B'> 06> 69 K2! '> y:0D) 79!1D@ B6DA KD#: 0Dd B> 'DD> DD%r8 B!1DD@B 6DDA DD4j B> c > KIJ 4j 79> y:0) . 9! 06DD> KaDD2 ! 7DD9 DD9!')7 DD kjDD6 ! 7 7CI ;'_E > 9!') 7 †E 7@'DD$J DD 69 ‚'DDI HDD \! 4!$DD •DDD<$ ! .(10) 0DDD@ N'DDD>0 BDDD> DDD@ . DD> 'DD> 7DDT! hDD_I KDDIJ DD> 06DD> 0D) "0D9 D4 \2 !! ‚') @ cp'$'I0 Da6 D4 !0D> D9'9 [D2!0> L%%< D> 7D [0E •) ‚\ @ ! 0)'r\ hD J %r8 h 2 K ‡4' 4 H \! ;DDX 0) !! kjDD6 ! DD9 7DD •DD<$ ! YZD8 w90D> 4 )'> H !0) 9'9 #b! 0)0t?D D4B' 0 9 0) g' r 7!1F > 7 4H \! 02 ! 06> kj'a ‡4' v0DZ ! .KD2! B!1D@ B6DA D4j V : D4j KDa: H !0D) 3!I! `T> 0 ! L! KD<) YZD8 VD F! ‚'D) @ 79!!0I 0d D> 0@ 7 ! ‡4' YZ8 B!1@ B6A 0Dd D@ ! 06D> ) !0> 9'9 D6X$! .(17) ! KD%>r D9 7D20> L! w69 hD !'T B!'D8T > 89!') 7 ‚'I hj > 7 0D)L 4 KA\ ! w90> 4 \2 …r\ B! D> B!1@ B6A 4j 06> V : J 0t?D 7 DT D9 ! ‡4' YZ8 4 )'> "D 9! &D 0D4 . D90@ g'DA< ‚'D) @ D4 WD T KD2 D> f! ! 4j ;0:# 7D20> †'_E > r>! L! … : ;%%<) LDD ! DDn0@! . 86DDA9! f!DD DD 0DD4 B!1D@ B6DA D4 BD> 7 4 7@5 HD \! B!1D@B 6A 4j H !0) 345

141 1387 2 10

D 70 ) 60 "'@'2 ;] VD$: ;DC9 D9!') 7D w90D> !'DE \D2 "0 D%> B! B'> 0)L > r>! .(9) > 7 . 920> ;Xt! > ! 7#:') BD> 04 4 W T B!!'E \2 4j D4 BD BD> @ 9'@ 14 8 LD! KD T D9 %6a LD%%< ;SF > A% D 7D28 C. partellus !0D> &2 W 6= Bp0D69 jD> 0% ': ! 78a 4 ;G) L! ) K2! `T> 4 B> f'8) K2! D D>7 04 4W T > A% ;SF D !! 'E '9 > &2 ; ") KIJ H4!0DDI DD4j !0DD> 0DD) g'D r 7!1DDF …DDX8 D> 6D! &D2 7$!'D6 hA9 L 8n ! ! BD9 ‚'I L%%< 4 345 .(6) J 7 BD> B4@ ' I f'8) K2! 7# > .(6) ! D4!'E \D2 hD ;!0 •0E ;D'_E 7!'4 gJ z!0 > 4!'E \2 0D4 D4 W T \2 hE! ':' 4 0G ;D T D9 D%r8 eDE 7 7CI KDG 04 4 W T H !0) h T > B> KD2! ! B9 ;%%<) .! 7d6A> D#9J ':' (Bp069 †'_E >) 7!1F !' D 0D4 D4W D T kj'a C. partellus %> ‚'I h T C8! Lq .! 7d6A> Pennisetum purpereum DDDD89 f!DDDD !1D@0t•) hD ;!0D > 9 4j ;] ! 06D> !1D@H=) K#: ! P. phylum . 86A4 ! BD9 ;%%<) L8|4 .(15) 4 7 y:0) D4j KDa: ;!0DO) ! !0> 9'9 Sesamia calamistis Hampson B!!'E \2 KDDa: H !0DD) DD ! BDD9 B!1DD@ B6DDA -HDD=) KDD#: Eldana saccharina Walker D 0# ! B K1@ > B!1@ B6A 4j Hyparrhenia rufa 0D4 D4WD T > !1@ [DD2!0> . DD > 7DD 3!DDI! 7 DD9! DD ]J DD) Andropogon sp. Pennisetum polystachion ! Da> w90D> !'DE \2 "0 4j ;%%<) D6C9 .(22) 9'D 7D VD : ;] @ ! 06> KDD2 DD> w90DD> DD43D D ! w90DD> KDD!0> B!!'DE \D2 !1D@H=) y:0) ' V$: 'D9 ;0:D# f!D D 04 4 W T DC8! ;SDF f!D 04 4 W T 3!DDI! DD4j 7 D) ;0:DD# DD> D:')> ;SDF D> DA% !1@H=) y:0) HF7 T D 0D4 D4 WD T D#9J KDa: H !0) ! 0D6 D4 BD> LD! #9J 4j %> 0Dq 720> w69 > K2! u69! h>\ f! D4j ! 70 'Z > . > 7 ;SF BD9 D4 720> L8|4 .(19) ! K%>r 9 9 D h X) 0G > ;] ;] !'E \2 "0D D4j 7@ 8 !0 ;0:# 9 ! ! 06 B> 04 4W T 0> H\ L! ! D ]J D) FJ w90> K!0> ! a> !'E \2 DD4j DD%> LDD8|4 .(6) 'DD> DD 30 D 'Z > ! 'a 02 (' ! hX\) Baseola fusca !'DE \2 C. partellus /D D9 …D>0 06 j 10 'D> () D ! w8 ! 06 P. purpureum 04 W T

142 1387 2 10

"D 9! D4 7D20> wD69 > :')> .(1 & :) 'D: 02 h_I f0 > ! .(13) K2! B'8 ) w90> f! 04 4 W T 02 4j Ka: H !0) a6 9!> h !'T KD#: HD# D4 B> B!'8T > #9J ! 9'@ 22 j w8D D) D> w D) > 6! 7$9 7D28 w90D> !'DE \D2 "0D 79!1@ B6A D D9'9 D#b! LD%%< . 2 7 9 …>0 06 7 D! B'9 f! hE! 4 3 89 9! B6D2! (1354-57) $D2 D#n ;%%<) 7Z w90D> !'E \2 "0 B!1@ B6A 4j %> w90> !'E \2 "0 B!1@ B6A 4j BS@ BD9 Da$r L! w69 .(19 14 13) 8> 7 7DD9!') ; 0DDq VDDA 0> 'DD> e0DD<6 ‚'D) WD 6= 0D4 D4 WD T BD ! ! B6A h_I 7Z B! BC 0O) 7: >: 79!1DDD@ B6DDDA !0DDD> 7DDD<:0) B DDD> > kj'a 4 BC 0O) L! 6X$! .(14) 86A4 !! DD 0 B! DD9 DD%r8 C. suppressalis ' 7 " 9! 0) LŒr 4 d48 L6I 'u8 D v1D > V)0) L! > ' 7 g'A< DT hE! z!0 7a\!' ;0:# L! ! '> 04 W T Ka: 34 h\! L8|4 . > 7 06> ; 0@ 7 TA 9 34 62! 76X€ w69 kj6 ! w90> f! D4 BDC L0D6# D D9'9 /!@ B! "0DD &! hDDA9 DD40DDVD D KDDa: H !0DD) D 8D> 7D 0D4 D4 W T 79!1@ B6A DC8! D> :')> .0@ 7 h w90> !'E \2 LD! 86A4 "09 KI> 7$E') \2 !! KDD >\ Chilo M8DD: DD4!'E \ DD2 DD4j 7D9 ‚D\ v'D2 yXDA) & B4@ r>! ! 74D)' KIDA D> 7D: D>: D ;0:# ! 0Dd ! Da) [0DE•) ‚') "S2! 79j'DDZ KIDDA 7DDZ BDDC ! !1DD$ DD9! y:0D) ! D%r8 f'D9 VDA 0> 0D4 4 W T YZDD8 ‚'DD) BDD4@ 79!1DD@B 6DDA . 8>7 !'E0> 06> B 'D9 " Da VD)0) L! > 9! 9 ! K2 cD LD> ! 7D8a J 4 ;G) ': KDIJ KDa: &068 f! 4 B> 4H \! (Amaranthus sp. 0u9) B> @ v0DZ ! .(1) 'D> D4!'E !1@0t•) 7I > gJ z!0 0t•) 84 B9 !0> 9'9 W 6= D ! `T> V28 4 d48 ': " T 0d DDD4j KDDDa: H !0DDD) 7!'DDD4 7DDaXZ B8DD DD 0DDt! 0DD> DD ;DDG ) H !0D) . D>7 C. suppressalis B!1@B 6A "j .(12) 'D 7D W 6= B@ 90 †'_E > 2 04 (Sorghum sp.) ‚\ @ 4j KDa: h Da) 0D> SDT D K2! yq') > vS6DDE! DD> 7DD B!DD L0DD)L DD HDD \! [0DE •) ‚') 0u9) B!1@ B6A 4 B> D9@ D2 D4 H \! '> @ L> ! 78a D K2! 7# > (04 4 W T 0d 9 ‚\ DA% ‚\ @ V)0) L! > ! 9 ': YT H= 89 ; T 02 " 9! !0DD> 0DD6 KDD4! !! 0DDd DD@ DD> D) D9!')7 D D9 B6A L g\0F D> 7D w90D> !'DE \D2 "0D 79!1@ B6A

143 1387 2 10

D#> z2!! w90> 9 ! hX\ ! K!0> hD_I KDIJ KDa: 34D D> D .0@ ;' DC8! D> D:')> D6X$! . 0D@ 0D 8 a> 7T! ! DDa> 'DD &DD B!C$DD VDD F! 0DD ! H $ d' †_6E! ! K > ! !$ w90> K!0> D ! 7 SD2! !J dD9! ! 2L > LD YT H= ' 7 ') !1$ 84 7 B! DD9 w90DD> ;DD%%<) DDA2? 0#DD hDX\ w90D> K!0> ! a> - 1 h 0 .0@7 79! \ ! DDa> - 2 oDD hDD!! !DD KDD !

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146 Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 10, No. 2, Autumn 2008

Population density of overwintering larvae of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on host weeds in Mazandaran province

* ** H. Ghahari and M. Tabari

Abstract

Striped rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the major

pests in north part of Iran which causes serious damage. The last larval instar overwinters in

the stem of weeds around the fields. Regarding the importance of weeds as overwintering

habitat, population density of larvae was studied in three areas; low-, mid-, and up-lands of

Mazandaran province and also on three host weeds: X anthium pensylvanicum, Sorghum

halopense, and Amaranthus retroflexus. The results imply on the highest density of larvae in the

mid- and up-lands areas and its preference to locate in X. pensylvanicum for overwintering.

There was no significant difference between the two other hosts. Results of population

fluctuation showed that it had a low increasing of population from October to December;

therefore the lowest density was observed in early October and the highest in late December.

Results of interaction effect of area × hosts on population density indicated that the highest

density located on X. pensylvanicum in the mid- and up-lands areas, and the lowest density on A.

retroflexus in low-land part. Based on the results, removing the most important weed which are overwintering habitat for larve from around the rice fields will be resulted to increasing the larval mortality through winter, and therefore decreasing pest population density in crop

season.

Key words: Chilo suppressalis, Mazandaran, Overwintering larvae, Population density, Weeds

* - Assistant Professor of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Shahre-Rey Islamic Azad University,

Tehran - Iran (E-mail: [email protected])

** - Research Instructor, Amol Rice Research Institute, Mazandaran - Iran