135-146 1387 2 10 e $ .C +H I$Z X9 6 =? =.0 $D' $ Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) f ; H u1 $= 6 = 6 ** 0XZ !0# * #\ LA 87/7/24 : $% /01 () 86/4/20 : $% &' () ! E= Z iQ +Z $ 3 e $ 78 (Chilo suppressalis) e $ .C+H I$Z J + $= 6 =f Q +H $C8 & ? .@ + 78 & .$9 $ Q +, - & N =? 6 a J + $= 6 = fQ = + +.' . X9 H N(Xanthium pensylvanicum) .' $= fQ + 6 X9 6 =? $D' N :H + (Amaranthus retroflexus) \$CB ' (Sorghum halopense) + >=.Z 6 = :H 6? :Z$' &$ d +Z d e . $ + >=.Z $F & a , (P< 0/05) . $F $ d .' 9 6 =? :Z$' .. &$ Z .7 E7 (1384 x8 ' $< ) 6$+ . + = 12 1 =? ..0 6 = u1 4 a $[ + a . = d x8 $C 8 &$ d $< 4 =.0 8 &$':Z .' 9 6 + >=.Z :H :Z$' &$ d +Z d =? =.0 I$Z $= 6 =f Q &$':< ^X .. \$CB ' 9 6 :H E7 1 X9 6 =? + ' Ne $ J + .C+H .. Q 4k7 78 E= Z + $r $ & $= 6 = N NX9 6 =? Ne $ .C+ H I$Z N =.0 :6Z Z * (E-mail: [email protected]) B!0! - B!0#) 0# ! 7 S2! !J d9! 0@ 728 0 62! - B!0! - B!9 h J ' w90> ;%%<) A2? 345 7>0 - ** 1387 2 10 + a 4 \2 hE! h j ;' > B!0! 1863 &2 > L$! w90> !'E \ 2 "0 > f! v!0Z! 04 4 W T w90> cE 1351 &2 9 B!0! 6E8 9 "0 7 ! B> n0@! .(19 14) 0>7 02 d J z2') B!9 B62! L>C8) 0# L! ! 86A4 w90> W 6= "\! w90> !'E \ 2 728 74@ 4 > ;IJ 720> !9 ': KaXZ w90> 7$'_I KIJ B!0! ! ' •E ! KIJ L! .(2) 0@ '9 > B4@ 02 (B6A ) w90> f! KIJ L06# 0q & 7d90I :'@ @ .(19) 47 !! 'E "0 kj'a .>7 B!0! & 7 !'9 ") 79 v'2 yXA) & B4@ (2) B > !! 9 W 6= 7 !'9 w90> !'E \ 2 v'2 yXA) & B4@ (14) "S2! ;' > 86A4 cE 02 4B 6A cn " & ‚\ 3\ & 0@ 0 79 43 hE! h j hC > ' B!'8T > (19) 8 8@ 8C! /!8> /! .(16) 97 02 T hE! 9\> 7I0a w90> !'E \2 "0 H# 4B > 0> ST Chilo spp. W 6= 4 9'@ !'E \2 "0 B > B4@ L06# .9! 9 ! cE "0@ 4 B6A>) 02 4B 6A Compositae Poaceae 4 !'9E ! w90> L! 897 02 96A>) ' K$ > Sparganiaceae Typhaceae Amarantaceae %0IJ YZ8 V F! 84 ! B'8 ) Kaq Poaceae !'9E >7 Cyperaceae ! B9 ;%%<) .(7) K2! /!@ C. suppressalis !0> B> @ !a) L06> 34 4; !4'>0 B! 3!I! .(8) ! ! H# h !'T ! B> @ gJ LŒ)0 !% 7# 3%9 ;IJ B> B4@ B'n 'Z > .(23) 8>7 4!'E \ 2 ' B!1@ B6A Ka: %> 79!1@B 6A 7!1F 06A> 9 B> @ gJ 'X 4 B'9 L06# !1$ 9! ;IJ 4j ' %$! `T> V28 9 %r8 w90> !'E \2 "0 79!1@B 6A .'7 Chilo 4 9'@ 02 C. partellus 4BJ 728 Lq ) 720> B!9 9 7r< z!0 0@! 76 K2! 7$ L! B!1@B 6A 04 4W T &068 !0> K$ KIJ 'I z!0 > g' r K0 V$\ KIJ Ka: 34 K#: .(21 3) 47 !! 7@9 > ' .(24) ' 90> ;IJ 7%G ) & ! B6A w90> !'E \ 2 "0 136 1387 2 10 < . hE! …\! 04 4W T 'u8 L! !0> . 04 4W T K4! > :')> …r\ ! M …r\ \'Z 9 ! Xanthium ) ') h w90> f! !0\ 7C62S 4 A hE! 7Iq! 4^0 > \ (pensylvanicum; Compositeae h%68 d J > ;_= KXt > 6I0@ (Sorghum halopense; Gramineae) \2 L6IC ! M d J .9 Amaranthus retroflexus; ) [0E• ) #9J ':' 4j !a) 04 4W T 4 B'9 B!'8T > (Amaranthacea 9@!: 'Z > 4) ! c 04 !0> / 9 w90> !'E \2 "0 79!1@B 6A ! h 4 ! B .0@ KXt B62! YZ8 V F! #9J …2 7@8 !0 !0> 9 '9 YZ8 h W 6= 4) 1384 &2 7472 0> B!9 ! G62! > B> @ f'9 !0> 9'9 () "0 4j Ka: H !0) ;!0O) > r>! h 4e' > }0Z V$\ SAS !I! "09 B!1@B 6A B> 2 w90> !'E \ 2 9 4L d9 . J h <) ) 7I_) 3%9 7>! !0> .(19 14) KI0@ " 9! 'I B' J 9 LC9! 8 ! 8n B' J [2!0> 4j Ka: 74'X9! ;92'9 H \! .(20) 9 8> 0@ A% LSD S 2 62) K H \! 2 B!1@B 6A w90> ;%%<) A2? h J) KB (0#Ho\ i* e S 0d84J 62) ! 4' (v!0Z! 7 !'9 !0> 9'9 () %r8 40O6 0t! ! !0> 9'9 . 6I0@ 0u9 (0#Ho \ j !a) 0> (04 W T) B!1@B 6A B> [0E• ) \ ‚') 04 4W T 4j H !0) ;G) .(P< 0/05) '> !78 a 1384/7/12 () ! 7d6G4 'Z > w90> f! H \! 2 w90> !'E \2 "0 B!1@B 6A . " 9! ( 6G4 12 ; >) 1384/9/29 7$! (h J w90> A2? ) KB (S 2) K w8 YZ8 ! c 04 !0> 9'9 () 04 .(P< 0/05) '> !7 8a (S 0d84J) 4' (06 7 692 50 × 50) !9! K>'9 KB 4 H \! j H !0) L06> \ ‚')) 04 4W T " 9! w90> f! .(1 hC) '> 4' !0> 9'9 4 hE! ':' ([0E• ) 137 1387 2 10 a a 1.32 1.29 � 1.32 � � � � � 1.29 � � d � e t � 1.26 � c � e b l l � o e � c 1.23 1.19 a � f v � o r � a r l � e 1.2 b � m � � u � 1.17 n n � a e � � 1.14 � M � � 1.11 Mid-Land (Amol) Up-Land Low-Land (Sarokola) (Ahangarkola) ������ ����� ���� � Sampled regions + >=.Z N :H + X9 6 = 6 X9 6 =? :Z$' - 1 4 Fig. 1 . Population density of overwintering larvae on winter host plants in three climates, low-, mid- and up-lands !0> 9' 9 YZ8 » h>%6 0t! Ld9 A% ') @ B!1@ B6A 4j !a) 4j Ka: 74'X9! «04 4W T × hC) (P< 0/05) '> 0d B> ! 06> ! B9 C. suppressalis B!1@B 6A .(2 K B H \! 04 j H !0) L06> > B!1@ B6A 4j Ka: H !0) j H !0) L0)H ') @ 0> 4' 'Z > KI 3!I! 7 9! B K1@ K2 > [0E• ) @ K H \! (7/12) 0# h!! > N'>0 H !0) L06 .(1 &:) '> !0> 9'9 0E!! > N'>0 H !0) L06> .(3 hC) (P< 0/05) '> (]J 0E!!) 138 1387 2 10 a 1.34 � 1.34 � � � � 1.32 � � � 1.3 � e � b � a f � v 1.28 o r � 1.24 r b a � l e � b 1.26 g � 1.22 m n � i u r � 1.24 n e t � n n � i a 1.22 e � w � r � M e � v 1.2 � o � � � 1.18 � 1.16 Sorghum Amaranthus Xanthium ������ Host \$CB ' H N.' + 6 X9 6 =? :Z$' - 2 4 Fig. 2 . Population density of overwintering larvae on three winter host plants 2.25 a a 2 d a a c bc � ab � � 1.75 ab y c t b � a i � s n � 1.5 e � d � l � a � 1.25 v � r a � l 1 � n � a e � 0.75 M 0.5 0.25 0 2 9 6 .3 0 7 4 . 1 .8 5 2 9 .1 .1 .2 8 .1 .1 .2 9 9 .1 . 2 .2 .7 .7 .7 . .8 .8 .8 . .9 .9 .9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 ���ی� ����� ������ Date of sampling 6$+ . f ; 6 =P ' :< + 6 X9 6 =? $D' - 3 4 Fig. 3 . Population density of overwintering larvae on three winter host plants in different dates samplings 139 1387 2 10 C. suppressalis 6 =? :Z$' 6 $= 6 =f Q × 6$ + . u1 4 a $[ &F + a - 1 3 Table 1 - Mean comparison of interaction between sampling regions × weeds on population density of C. suppressalis * =& F $= 6 =f Q × :H Means* Weeds × Climate bc Amaranthus sp. × 1.264 ± 0.417 Mid-land × Amaranthus sp. a Xanthium sp. × 1.389 ± 0.474 Mid-land × Xanthium sp. bc Sorghum sp. × 1.255 ± 0.413 Mid-land × Sorghum sp. ab Amaranthus sp. × + >=.Z 1.300 ± 0.455 Up-land × Amaranthus sp. a Xanthium sp. × + >=.Z 1.293 ± 0.524 Up-land × Xanthium sp. bc Sorghum sp. × + >=.Z 1.266 ± 0.458 Up-land × Sorghum sp. c Amaranthus sp. × 1.167 ± 0.451 Low-land × Amaranthus sp. bc Xanthium sp. × 1.229 ± 0.495 Low-land × Xanthium sp. bc Sorghum sp. × 1.182 ± 0.510 Low-land × Sorghum sp. * .(P< 0.01) + d $ ^$ 6 6 =& F ' - * - Means with various letters have significant difference (P< 0.01). D4B D> ! 0D) …2 WZ ': BC ! 0 ! H !0D) L06D> 345 L! w69 [2!0> D%r8 C. suppressalis !0D> B!1@B 6A K2 > 4' K B 4 H \! j hDD J YZDD8 DD> DDA% (S DD2) KDD 'DD KDD H DD \! DDC8! DD> DD:')> .DD J LD! L6I0D@ 0Du9 > .97 B> ! S 0d84J (S 2 62) 345 L! !0> 9'9 zD%I YD%<) LD! !0> 9'9 6C9 D> DA% 0D) f'D86 74D@ 3' !! 02 K2! " 9! B!1@ B6A B> 2 L! !1$ K2! '> 4' K B 4 H \! 140 1387 2 10 D ! D J KD2 D> 4 H \! 02 ! 0)L K ! 06D> K H \! #9J f'8) 4 B> BAC K>t 9 YZ8 ") !0> '> 69 !0DD\ 7DD20> 'DD KDD2! 'DD> 0DDd HDD \! KD BD D4 HD \! KD2! LC KA9 D ! 'D: D9 BDC ! LD! !1D$ 9! 6I0d9 .8D> j H !0) L0)L !! 4' B!1@ B6A 4j ! ! u S h>\ D4j KDa: 7D9!!0I B'> L & 04 7D9 0Du9) BD> BD4@ 02 K H \! ;9 > A> 4' YZ8 4!'E \2 ! (0DDF "SD2! yXDDA) &DD v'DD2 B'D> L ! 79 9!')7 K2! /!@ LD! 8> 0 g=69! 79!1@ B6A K#: YDT D>J gJ 02 4' YZ8 D4j !Da) ! 7D8a 34D `DT> 0 ! 06 8 !a) (78 06A>) !$ eE H D> A% S 2 K B!1@ B6A KD BD HD \! !0D> 4D9 L6D 0 D9 6C9 L! > L8|4 .K2! 0d %r8 "Dd84 KD!0> D89 7 !'DT D> 9!') 7 D4 H \! 4!$ Ka2 '9 ! > H=D (; X2) " K > !$ hX) (S 0Dd84J) ! D4' (hD J) KD B .(12 7 3) 0@ N'>0 L YT 06D> YD%<) LD! S 2 K > A% ! 06D> ! ') @ B!1@ B6A 4j Ka: H !0) B'> 06> 69 K2! '> y:0D) 79!1D@ B6DA KD#: 0Dd B> 'DD> DD%r8 B!1DD@B 6DDA DD4j B> c > KIJ 4j 79> y:0) .9! 06DD> KaDD2 ! 7DD9 DD9!')7 DD kjDD6 ! 7 7CI ;'_E > 9!') 7 E 7@'DD$J DD 69 'DDI HDD \! 4!$DD •DDD<$ ! .(10) 0DDD@ N'DDD>0 BDDD> DDD@ .