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Biologia Craig Heller Sallyh David Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally Hacker 1 David Sadava David M. Hillis Biologia Hacker H. Heller Sally Craig M. Hillis Sadava David David 1. La cellula H. Craig Heller Sally Hacker Quinta edizione italiana condotta sulla undicesima edizione americana La biologia è in continua evoluzione: nuove ipotesi si tra- ricerche recenti; la risposta dettagliata alla domanda ducono in nuove conoscenze, ma anche in nuovi spunti si trova a fine capitolo. Biologia di ricerca e nuovi strumenti di insegnamento, e questo • L’esperimento: la descrizione della ricerca che sta alla rende l’esigenza di restare aggiornati più urgente rispet- base di Un caso da vicino. 1. La cellula to ad altre discipline. • Lavorare con i dati: una proposta di lavoro sui dati La quinta edizione italiana di Biologia raccoglie il reali dell’esperimento, nella quale lo studente è invi- patrimonio di informazioni, strumenti e prospettive tato ad analizzare i risultati da sé e a rispondere ad Quinta edizione italiana accumulato negli ultimi anni e lo organizza partendo alcune domande. condotta sulla undicesima edizione americana dall’idea che la biologia sia prima di tutto un sistema: • Prospettive future: nuove domande e opportunità di quale che sia il livello di organizzazione che si vuole ricerca, sempre in rapporto a Un caso da vicino, a fine Biologia indagare, dalle molecole agli ecosistemi, i sistemi biolo- capitolo. gici sono interconnessi e complessi, e serve un approccio • Concetti chiave: sintesi di idee portanti all’inizio di integrato. Questa constatazione legata allo studio della ogni paragrafo. disciplina riflette il fatto che la popolazione umana è con- • Ricapitoliamo: riassunto del paragrafo, con un elenco nessa in modo imprescindibile con le altre forme viventi. di abilità (Hai imparato a...) che lo studente deve aver Questo libro porta lo studente a vedere la biologia acquisito, oltre a domande ed esercizi, in rapporto come qualcosa che lo riguarda e che riguarda il suo futu- esplicito con i concetti chiave. ro (anche di scienziato) e lo sprona, attraverso l’appren- • I concetti in pratica: sintesi di una ricerca reale che dimento attivo, a partecipare al processo di scoperta, ad verte intorno ad alcuni concetti chiave del capitolo, acquisire abilità di gestione e interpretazione dei dati, a con una serie di domande. formarsi un pensiero critico e propositivo. Il metodo degli Infine, anche i contenuti multimediali sono stati pensa- autori, incentrato su esempi reali e vivaci e su ricerche in ti nell’ottica di un approccio integrato. Nel testo sono corso, stimola lo studente alla scoperta attiva e lo fa attra- ebook richiamate infatti Attività, Animazioni e Media Clip che verso rubriche che hanno una stretta coerenza reciproca. sono disponibili sul sito e nell’ebook. Animazioni e Media edizione Quinta • Un caso da vicino: una storia reale e una domanda, ad Clip sono inoltre visualizzabili sullo smarthphone scari- apertura di capitolo, con spunti di lavoro scaturiti da cando l’App Guarda! David Sadava è professore di Biologia presso The Cla- Le risorse multimediali remont Colleges, Claremont, California. online.universita.zanichelli.it/sadava-5e BIOLOGIA David M. Hillis è direttore del Center for Computatio- A questo indirizzo sono disponibili le risorse nal Biology and Bioinformatics presso la University of multimediali di complemento al libro. Per ac- Texas, Austin, Texas. cedere alle risorse protette è necessario registrarsi su H. Craig Heller è professore di Scienze biologiche e my.zanichelli.it inserendo la chiave di attivazione per- Biologia umana presso la Stanford University, Stanford, sonale contenuta nel libro. California. Sally Hacker è professoressa di Ecologia presso la Libro con ebook Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Chi acquista il libro può scaricare gratuitamente l’ebook, seguendo le istruzioni presenti nel sito. L’ebook si legge con l’applicazione Booktab Z, SADAVA"HILLIS*1 CELLULA 5ED LUM che si scarica gratis da App Store (sistemi operativi ISBN 978-88-08-33859-4 Apple) o da Google Play (sistemi operativi Android). Al pubblico 27,00 In caso di variazione Iva o cambiamento prezzo 9 788808 338594 consultare il sito o il catalogo dell’editore 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (60H) www.zanichelli.it BIOLOGIA SADAVA"HILLIS*ELEM BIO GENET 5E LUM ISBN 978-88-08-82065-5 9 788808 820655 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (60H) SADAVA"HILLIS*2 ERED GENOMA 5ED LUM ISBN 978-88-08-95528-9 9 788808 955289 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (60H) David Sadava David M. Hillis H. Craig Heller Sally Hacker Biologia 1. La cellula Quinta edizione italiana condotta sulla undicesima edizione americana PER IL COMPUTER E PER IL TABLET PER LO SMARTPHONE L’eBook I video del libro multimediale sul tuo smartphone 1 REGÌSTRATI A MYZANICHELLI Scarica la app da: Vai su my.zanichelli.it e regìstrati come studente universitario 1 Sul libro, inquadra l’icona 2 Sullo smartphone, tocca il play 2 SCARICA BOOKTAB ◾ Scarica Booktab e installalo 3 Guarda i video ◾ Lancia l’applicazione e fai login ESEMPIO 3 ATTIVA IL TUO LIBRO ◾ Clicca su Attiva il tuo libro ◾ Inserisci la chiave di attivazione che trovi sul bollino argentato adesivo (qui accanto un esempio di bollino con chiave di attivazione) 4 CLICCA SULLA COPERTINA Scarica il tuo libro per usarlo offline BIOLOGIA La visione di Biologia Biologia è meraviglia Biologia è vita Basta dare un’occhiata alle immagini fotografiche L’umanità è chiamata a gestire molte sfide, come diquestovolume–peresempioquellediapertu- la crescita della popolazione, la degradazione dei ra delle parti in cui è suddiviso il corso – per restare sistemi naturali, lo sviluppo sostenibile, il cambia- affascinati dalla meraviglia degli esseri viventi a tutte mento climatico, le malattie emergenti. Sappiamo le scale: dall’architettura microscopica del contenuto chela popolazioneumanaèconnessa in modoin- cellulare al mondo macroscopico di un bioma, dal tegraleconildestinodituttelealtreformeviventi balletto dei cromosomi nella riproduzione al compor- dellaTerraedipendedaesso.Comeautoridiquesto tamento complesso delle società animali o alla raffi- libro,ilnostroobiettivo–e,insieme,lanostrasfida natezzadellaregolazionenellepiante.Ilfascinodel – è quello di stimolare gli studenti verso tutti questi mondodeiviventiètaledaspingereibiologiastu- aspetti della biologia attraverso un apprendimento diarne con passione il funzionamento. motivatoelascopertaattiva.Cifocalizziamosu concettichiave e suesempiattualie reali, cheforni- Biologia è dinamica scono le basi per ulteriori studi e ricerche. Per que- Lescienzedellavitasonoincontinuaevoluzione, sto ci siamo consultati e abbiamo collaborato con connuoveipotesicheportanoanuoveideeesem- facoltàuniversitarie,studentiedespertidibiologiae pre più strumenti di indagine. Se partiamo dal mondo di educazione. deglianimaliedallorocomportamento,pensiamoper esempioall’usodeidroniedeisatellitiperfotografare Biologia è apprendimento attivo estudiarelepopolazionideipinguiniinAntartide.O, Questa nuova edizione è centrata sugli studenti, a livello microscopico e cellulare, allo sviluppo delle perché imparino come si studia la biologia e tecniche di immagine sempre più raffinate e all’uso comeessainfluiscesullavitaquotidiana.Tuttigli dicomputersemprepiùpotentiediprogrammiin- apparati didattici che integrano il testo portante formaticisemprepiùsofisticatiperanalizzareanche sono funzionali a questo tipo di apprendimento at- grandimolididati.Echediredelsequenziamento tivo.Vorremmocheglistudentiaffrontasseroquesto deigenomiedelloroeffettosullanostracomprensio- corsodibiologiaconcuriositàevogliadiscoprire, ne della biologia, della ricostruzione sempre più det- inmodochepossanorisponderealledomandedi tagliatadell’alberodellavita,dell’individuazionedi base.Perquestoneltestoenellerubrichedidattiche malattie a base genetica? O ancora, possiamo citare lo abbiamo scelto esempi moderni, reali, vivaci, dando studio delle carote di ghiaccio per ricostruire i climi enfasi al modo in cui si è scoperto ciò che sappia- globalidelpassatogeologico. mo.Ciascunapparatodeltestorichiamalostudente, lospronaafarsiulterioridomande,apensarein Biologia è sistema prospettiva e in modo scientifico e propositivo. Non Isistemibiologicisipossonoindagareadiversili- sitratta,dunque,solamentedimemorizzareinfor- velli di organizzazione – dalle molecole agli ecosi- mazioni, ma di partecipare attivamente al processo stemi–matuttisonointerconnessiecomplessi.Ibio- della scoperta, di acquisire abilità nella gestione e logi sempre di più usano approcci integrati per capire nell’interpretazione dei dati ricavati da esperimenti le proprietà complesse dei sistemi viventi. scientifici reali. IV | Presentazione | Biologia è avvincente «Un caso da vicino» ▶ UN CASO DA VICINO L’apertura di ogni capitolo è incentrata Il funzionamento dell’aspirina su «Un caso da vicino», una storia che Nonostante sorisse di «febbre malarica», un giorno il reverendo successivi, e presto i chimici riuscirono a sintetizzarlo in laboratorio. presenta una situazione reale della Edward Stone uscì per fare una passeggiata nella campagna Sebbene il composto allievasse il dolore, la sua acidità irritava biologia, con spunti di lavoro e ipotesi inglese. Febbricitante, prostrato, dolorante ai muscoli e alle il sistema digerente. Intorno alla ne del diciannovesimo secolo, articolazioni, si imbatté in un salice. Anche se ignorava che l’azienda chimica tedesca Bayer riuscì a sintetizzarne una forma scaturite da ricerche recenti. l’estratto della corteccia di salice fosse già in uso tra alcuni antichi parimenti ecace ma meno
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