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MATH 5400, History of Mathematics Lecture 10: 1900

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MATH 5400, History of Mathematics Lecture 10: 1900 MATH 5400, History of Mathematics Lecture 10: 1900 Professor: Peter Gibson [email protected] http://people.math.yorku.ca/pcgibson/math5400 February 16, 2017 In 1896 two mathematicians, working independently, proved the prime number theorem. This relied on recent developments in the theory of functions of a complex variable, in particular on results due to Weierstrass. P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 2 / 20 Jacques Hadamard (1865-1963) Professor at Coll`egede France P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 3 / 20 Charles Jean de la Valle-Poussin (1866-1962) Professor at Catholic University of Leuven P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 4 / 20 The end of the 19th century also saw developments in differential geometry, building on, refining and expanding the ideas of Riemann. Just as Maxwell's results rested on the notions and results in vector calculus due to Gauss and others applied to electric and magnetic vector fields, new developments in physics near the turn of the century made essential use of recent ideas in geometry. P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 5 / 20 Tullio Levi-Civita (1873-1941) Professor at University of Rome P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 6 / 20 Hermann Minkowskii (1864-1909) Professor at ETH Z¨urich P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 7 / 20 Minkowski 1872 (aged 8) moved to K¨onigsberg from Russian kingdom 1883 prize of the French Academy of Sciences friendship with David Hilbert, Adoph Hurwitz 1885 doctorate under Ferdinand von Lindemann appointments at Bonn, K¨onigsberg, Z¨urich,G¨ottingen geometry of numbers Minkowski space time P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 8 / 20 Hadamard List of things named after Jacques Hadamard - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Jacques... List of things named after Jacques Hadamard From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia These are things named after Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963), a French mathematician. (For references, see the respective articles.) Cartan–Hadamard theorem Cauchy–Hadamard theorem Hadamard product: entry-wise matrix multiplication an infinite product expansion for the Riemann zeta function Hadamard code Hadamard's dynamical system Hadamard's inequality Hadamard's method of descent Hadamard finite part integral Hadamard's lemma Hadamard manifold Hadamard matrix Hadamard's maximal determinant problem Hadamard space Hadamard three-circle theorem Hadamard Transform and Hadamard gate Hadamard–Rybczynski equation Ostrowski–Hadamard gap theorem Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org /w/index.php?title=List_of_things_named_after_Jacques_Hadamard&oldid=679491174" P. Gibson (YorkU)Categories: Lists of things named after mathematiciansMath 5400 9 / 20 This page was last modified on 4 September 2015, at 21:37. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. 1 of 1 17-02-14 4:47 PM Henri Poincar´e(1854-1912) Professor at the Sorbonne P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 10 / 20 Born in 1854 in Nancy, to a prominent family Top prizes in the concours g´en´eral Graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique, then the Ecole des Mines and worked as a mining engineer 1879 doctorate in mathematics from University of Paris under Charles H´ermite 1881 Professor at the Sorbonne (University of Paris) worked in many different areas, including on the three body problem pioneering work in geometry and topology carried out early work on relativity was active in philosophy, and wrote several widely-read popular works P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 11 / 20 David Hilbert (1862-1943) Professor at G¨ottingen P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 12 / 20 Hilbert 1885 doctorate under Ferdinand von Lindemann 1886-1895 lecturer at K¨onigsberg 1895 professor at G¨ottingen 1900 Paris address 1910 Bolyai prize pre-eminent mathematician of his day P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 13 / 20 Hilbert and Poincar´ewere the leading mathematicians of 1900. One sometimes reads of rivalry and dispute between them|this tends to be overstated. Hilbert contributed to many fields, including mathematical physics|his ideas on the foundations of mathematics are sometimes emphasized at the expense of his many other fundamental contributions. Poincar´e'srejection of Cantor's ideas have not been born out by history. P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 14 / 20 The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey (established 1930) P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 15 / 20 Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Professor at Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 16 / 20 P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 17 / 20 According to Einstein, the theory of relativity relies on the work of: Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) Hermann Minkowski Tullio Levi-civita Hermann Weyl P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 18 / 20 Hermann Weyl (1885-1955) Professor at Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 19 / 20 To a certain extent, Hermann Weyl brought Hilbert's legacy and tradition to the US. P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 20 / 20.
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