TISHREI Rosh Hashanah Begins on Wednesday Night. Since Rosh

8 TISHREI The Molad: Wednesday evening, 7:36 and 1 portion. The moon may be sanctified throughout Wednesday night, the 15th. The Fall equinox: Thursday afternoon, the 29th, 3:00 p.m. Rosh HaShanah begins on Wednesday night. Since Rosh HaShanah is celebrated on Thursday and Friday, it is necessary to prepare an eruv tavshilin beforehand. A person should take a challah equal to at least a k’beitzah1 and a k’zayis2 of cooked or roasted food that is appropriate to be served as a main dish. At the outset, it is proper to take an important cooked dish, e.g., fish or meat. The person should then recite the blessing al mitzvas eruv. He then recites the paragraph beginning B’dein y’hei shara (Siddur Tehillas Hashem, p. 249). This passage is written in Aramaic; if a person does not understand the Aramaic, he should recite it in a language that he does understand. When the person desires to include others with him for this eruv, he should first give the challah and the food to another person, that person should lift them up a handbreadth, and then the person making the eruv should take it back and recite the blessing and the paragraph mentioned above. After the person made an eruv, it is possible to cook food for Shabbos on Friday, the second day of Rosh HaShanah. One must, however, cook this food well before nightfall so that it is possible for one to benefit from the food on the festival itself. If a person is putting the food in an oven or the like to cook slowly, he must put it away in a manner that it will be at least one-third cooked before nightfall. The food designated for the eruv must continue to exist until one completes cooking. It is customary to use an entire challah for the eruv. This challah is then used on Shabbos as lechem mishneh and is eaten for the third Shabbos meal. If a person forgot to make an eruv during the day, ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 1. Approximately two ounces. 2. Approximately one ounce. TISHREI 9 he can make one bein hashamashos.3 If he forgot at that time as well, he may not make an eruv on the first day of Rosh HaShanah and should ask a competent Rabbinic authority for guidance. When lighting candles, we recite two blessings: l’hadlik ner shel Yom HaZikaron and Shehecheyanu. (In should be לזמן the blessing Shehecheyanu, the word pronounced with a chirik: lizman). Girls should begin lighting candles from the age when they can be trained in the observance of the mitzvah.4 Until marriage, girls should light only one candle. Tzedakah should be given before lighting the candles. The Rebbe urged that all Jewish girls should light candles before Shabbos and festivals. Through the campaign mounted at his urging, Mivtza Neshek, the light of the Shabbos and the festivals has been brought to tens of thousands of Jewish homes. An unmarried man should light candles with a blessing, but should not recite the blessing Shehecheyanu.5 The Afternoon Service before Rosh HaShanah. With regard to the issue of kavanah (intent) in prayer, for those who do not have the ability to focus their kavanah because of a lack of knowledge or due to other factors... it is sufficient that they have in mind a general intent: that their prayers be accepted before Him as if they were recited with all the intents mentioned in the texts of Kabbalah. “There should be no casual conversation from the time the chazan begins the prayer service until the conclusion of the final Kaddish. This applies in the Morning, Afternoon, and Evening Services.”6 The chazan does not wear a tallis when leading the Afternoon and Evening Services. This applies during the week as well as on Shabbos and festivals. When reciting the Kaddish, the chazan should lower his head when reciting the words sh’mei rabba, ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 3. The time between sunset and the appearance of the stars. 4. With regard to the determination of that age, see Shulchan Aruch HaRav 343:3. 5. Because he will recite it later in the Kiddush. 6. Tanya, Iggeres HaKodesh, Epistle 24. 10 TISHREI vikareiv m’shichei, and v’imru Amen. After reciting the latter words, the chazan should lift his head and then lower it again, reciting the phrase Y’hei sh’mei rabba... yisbareich. He should then lift his head and then lower it again slightly, continuing v’yishtabach, v’yispa’eir... At v’yishallel, he should lift his head and then lower it again, reciting the phrase sh’mei d’Kudsha... v’imru Amen. He should then lift his head. When saying v’imru Amen in the stanza Tiskabel, he should lower his head slightly. Before reciting the stanza Oseh shalom, he should take three steps backward. When reciting the words Oseh shalom bimromav, he should bend his head to the right, at the word Hu, he should bend his head to the center, at yaaseh shalom oleinu, to the left, and at v’al kol Yisroel, v’imru Amen, to the center again.7 Whenever Tachanun is not recited during a prayer service, e.g., the Evening Service at all times, Rosh Chodesh, and the Afternoon Service before Shabbos and the festivals, we do not beat our breasts while reciting the words chatanu and fashanu in the blessing S’lach lanu. When reciting the words v’eis kol minei s’vuasah l’tovah (“and all the types of its produce for good”) in the blessing Boreich oleinu, one should have in mind wheat for matzos, an esrog and wine for Kiddush. When a person has this intent, all of the crops will be blessed. In the blessing, V’lamalshinim, one should pause slightly between the words us’mageir and v’sachnia. At the conclusion of the Sh’moneh Esreh, before reciting the phrase Yih’yu l’ratzon a second time, it is customary to recite a verse that begins and ends with the same letters that begin and end one’s name. In addition, Chassidim also add the verses which begin and end with the letters that begin and end the Rebbe’s names. When reciting the words Oseh shalom bimromav, he should bend his head to the left, at the word, Hu, he should bend his head to the center, at yaaseh shalom ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 7. These instructions apply to the recitation of Kaddish. With regard to reciting Oseh shalom at the conclusion of Sh’moneh Esreh, see the following paragraphs. TISHREI 11 oleinu, to the right, and at v’al kol Yisroel, v’imru Amen, to the center again. During the K’dushah, a person should remain standing with his feet together until the conclusion of the blessing HaE-l hakadosh. We do not wear a kittel other then on Yom Kippur. Before the Evening Service on Rosh HaShanah, we recite T’hillim (Psalms). The Evening Service - the chazan begins Shir HaMaalos and then recites a half-Kaddish. The word l’eilah is not repeated in the Kaddeishim recited during the Ten Days of Teshuvah except during N’ilah on Yom Kippur. When concluding the blessing before the recitation of the Sh’ma, the chazan should recite the words oheiv amo Yisroel in a hushed tone. This applies throughout the year. Even when a person does not conclude the Sh’ma at the same time as the congregation does, the chazan fulfills his obligation8 for him when reciting the words A-donai Elokeichem emes. There is no need for him to repeat them.9 When a person is praying without a minyan, he should repeat the words Ani A-donai Elokeichem. In the blessing following the Sh’ma, the chazan should raise his voice when reciting the clause Hamaavir bonov until the words v’amru chulam, again at the word Malchus’cha until the word v’amru and at the conclusion of the blessing. The concluding phrase u’fros oleinu should be recited while standing. This applies throughout the year. The following rules apply when a chazan forgets to conclude the final blessing recited after the Sh’ma using the phrase haporeis sukkas shalom and instead concludes it as shomer es amo Yisroel lo’ad as is done during the week. If he remembers immediately, he should recite the words haporeis sukkas shalom... If he pauses for more than a short time,10 he should not ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 8. For the Sh’ma to include 248 words. 9. For the chazan recited them while he was in the midst of the recitation of the Sh’ma. 10. A specific measure is given with regard to the maximum length of the pause: the time it would take him to say the words Shalom alecha, rebbi. 12 TISHREI correct himself. These laws apply on every Shabbos and festival. After the recitation of the half-Kaddish, we recite the Rosh HaShanah Sh’moneh Esreh. There are several additions made in the blessings. In the first blessing, we add the clause beginning Zachreinu. In the second blessing, we add the clause beginning Mi chamocha. In the blessing Modim, we add the clause beginning U’chsov, and in the final blessing, we add the clause beginning U’v’sefer. If a person forgot to make these additions and remembers before mentioning G-d’s name in the conclusion of the blessing, he should recite them when he recalls. If, however, he remembers only after mentioning G-d’s name, he should continue without correcting himself. These principles apply throughout the Ten Days of Teshuvah.

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