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Russian Oil and Gas Challenges
Order Code RL33212 Russian Oil and Gas Challenges Updated June 20, 2007 Robert Pirog Specialist in Energy Economics and Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Russian Oil and Gas Challenges Summary Russia is a major player in world energy markets. It has more proven natural gas reserves than any other country, is among the top ten in proven oil reserves, is the largest exporter of natural gas, the second largest oil exporter, and the third largest energy consumer. Energy exports have been a major driver of Russia’s economic growth over the last five years, as Russian oil production has risen strongly and world oil prices have been very high. This type of growth has made the Russian economy dependent on oil and natural gas exports and vulnerable to fluctuations in oil prices. The Russian government has moved to take control of the country’s energy supplies. It broke up the previously large energy company Yukos and acquired its main oil production subsidiary. The Duma voted to give Gazprom, the state- controlled natural gas monopoly the exclusive right to export natural gas; Russia moved to limit participation by foreign companies in oil and gas production and Gazprom gained majority control of the Sakhalin energy projects. Russia has agreed with Germany to supply Germany and, eventually, the UK by building a natural gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea, bypassing Ukraine and Poland. In late 2006 and early 2007, Russia cut off and/or threatened to cut off gas or oil supplies going to and/or through Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, and Belarus in the context of price and/or transit negotiations — actions that damaged its reputation as a reliable energy supplier. -
Case Study Report: Energiewende – Mission-Oriented R&I Policies
Mission-oriented R&I policies: In-depth case studies Case Study Report Energiewende Hanna Kuittinen, Daniela Velte January 2018 Mission-oriented R&I policies: In-depth case studies European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate A – Policy Development and coordination Unit A6 – Open Data Policy and Science Cloud Contact Arnold Weiszenbacher E-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Manuscript completed in January 2018. This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018 PDF ISBN 978-92-79-80159-4 doi: 10.2777/835267 KI-01-18-150-EN-N © European Union, 2018. Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders EUROPEAN COMMISSION Mission-oriented R&I policies: In-depth case studies Case Study Report: Energiewende Hanna Kuittinen Daniela Velte 2018 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Table of Contents 1 Summary of the case study ................................................................................... 3 2 Context and objectives of the initiative ................................................................... 5 2.1 Origins of initiative and the main contextual factors ........................................ -
Energy and Its Impact on Development in Southeast Europe and the Black Sea Area
ENERGY AND ITS IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE AND THE BLACK SEA AREA POLICY PAPER – February 2017 – Sponsored by Energy and its impact on development in Southeast Europe and the Black Sea area Ana-Maria Boromisa (coord.) Sergiu Celac Sandro Knezović 2 3 Table 1 Population and GDP Introduction Key economic and energy Country Population, GDP, million GDP per capita, Euro, current prices 000 euros issues inhatitantns 2008 2015 2008 2015 2004 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015 The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to examine to which 1 Albania 2.947 2.889 8800 9268 16001 2986 3088 3300 3400 3600 extent energy sector can foster development in Balkans-Black Socio-economic snapshot sea area and second, to examine to which extent exporting EU 2 Bosnia and 3.8402 3.819 13040 14594 n/a 3394 3372: 3500 3600 3800 Herzegovina policies and institutions in energy sector supports balancing The countries of Balkans- Black sea area are very diverse commercial, political and social interest in the region. For (Table 1) .The largest country of the region (Turkey) has 3 Bulgaria 7492 7.197 37200 45287 2700 5000 5200 5700 5900 6300 the purpose of this paper Balkans-Black Sea region includes more than hundred times more inhabitants than the smallest 4 Croatia 4.312 4.213 48130 43847 7800 11200 10500 10300 10200 10400 EU member states (memebers of the Energy Union: Greece, (Montenegro, 74 and 0.5 million of inhabitants, respectively) 5 Greece 11.077 10.858 241990 175698 17700 21800 20300 17300 16300 16200 Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia), the Energy Community and almost 200 times higer GDP. -
For Premium Members Only
Where Politics and Markets Meet TOP STORY Germany’s Little Energy Co-ops Make a Big Splash FOR PREMIUM NEW IN OUR FILES MEMBERS EERMONTHLY | JANUARY 2013 NATIONAL MARKETS 6 A complete monthly survey of our new publications ONLY FUTURE OF FOSSIL FUELS 7 NUCLEAR ENERGY 8 MARKET DYNAMICS AND TRADE 9 EU ENERGY POLICY 10 RENEWABLE ENERGY 11 NEW ADVENTURES IN ENERGY LAND By Karel Beckman - editor-in-chief One nice thing about an online medium is “Adventures in the European gas market” and For this month’s top story, we have selected And what, you may wonder, were 2012’s that you can follow exactly how many people Rudolf ten Hoedt’s fascinating account from a different article, namely Paul Hockenos’ best-read stories on EER? I will come back to visit your website and what articles they read. Tokyo of “Japan’s Energy Adventures” post- report on the growing number of energy that in our newsletter on 7 January, but I can This can be encouraging sometimes, but also Fukushima. co-operatives in Germany and their give away the number one: Robin Mills’ article disappointing. Sometimes as editor you want increasing impact on energy policy. It’s an Cheer up: the world has plenty of oil. Another to shout out to your readers: you should read They had the bad luck of being published the important story, I believe, because it may “Great Adventure in Energy Land”. We hope this article, it is really good! day before the Christmas holidays started, well indicate a trend for Europe. -
The German Energiewende – History and Status Quo
1 The German Energiewende – History and Status Quo Jürgen‐Friedrich Hake,1) Wolfgang Fischer,1) Sandra Venghaus,1) Christoph Weckenbrock1) 1) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research ‐ Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK‐STE), D‐52425 Jülich, Germany Executive Summary Industrialized nations rely heavily on fossil fuels as an economic factor. Energy systems therefore play a special part in realizing visions of future sustainable societies. In Germany, successive governments have specified their ideas on sustainable development and the related energy system. Detailed objectives make the vision of the Energiewende – the transformation of the energy sector – more concrete. Many Germans hope that the country sets a positive example for other nations whose energy systems also heavily rely on fossil fuels. A glance at the historical dimensions of this transformation shows that the origins of German energy objectives lie more than thirty years in the past. The realization of these goals has not been free from tensions and conflicts. This article aims at explaining Germany’s pioneering role in the promotion of an energy system largely built on renewable energy sources by disclosing the drivers that have successively led to the Energiewende. To reveal these drivers, the historical emergence of energy politics in Germany was analyzed especially with respect to path dependencies and discourses (and their underlying power relations) as well as exogenous events that have enabled significant shifts in the political energy strategy of Germany. Keywords Energy transition, energy policy, energy security, nuclear power, renewables, Germany Contribution to Energy, 2nd revision 4/14/2015 2 I Introduction In light of the global challenges of climate change, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, the depletion of natural resources and political instabilities, the transition of national energy systems has become a major challenge facing energy policy making in many countries [e.g., Shen et al., 2011, Al‐Mansour, 2011]. -
Sechster Monitoring-Bericht Zur Energiewende Die Energie Der Zukunft Berichtsjahr 2016 Impressum
Sechster Monitoring-Bericht zur Energiewende Die Energie der Zukunft Berichtsjahr 2016 Impressum Herausgeber Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) Öffentlichkeitsarbeit 11019 Berlin www.bmwi.de Stand Juni 2018 Druck Druck- und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt Gestaltung PRpetuum GmbH, München Bildnachweis BMI / Titel Fotolia Gerhard Seybert / Titel; jarik2405 / Titel KW-Photography / S. 38; Stephan Leyk / Titel Getty ANDRZEJ WOJCICKI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / S. 146 Bosca78 / S. 150; Chuanchai Pundej / EyeEm / S. 120 Digital Vision. / Titel; Drazen_ / S. 42; from2015 / S. 140 gerenme / S. 155; Henglein and Steets / S. 129 Jello5700 / S. 128; Joachim Berninger / EyeEm / S. 92 Jorg Greuel / S. 162; Luis Alvarez / S. 53 Malorny / S. 139; Martin Barraud / S. 40 Monty Rakusen / S. 102; Nikada / S. 88; Nine OK / S. 112 Richard Nowitz / S. 22; Teddi Yaeger Photography / S. 130 Tetra Images / Titel; Uwe Krejci / S. 58 Westend61 / Titel, S. 35, 73, 85, 117, 122 WLADIMIR BULGAR/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / S. 154 Yagi Studio / S. 142 Istock AdrianHancu / S. 14; alengo / Titel; AndreyPopov / S. 114 Diese und weitere Broschüren erhalten Sie bei: Arsgera / S. 18; BrianAJackson / S. 99; ChrisSteer / S. 100 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie code6d / S. 84, deepblue4you / S. 108; Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Dieter Spannknebel / S. 45; Drazen_ / Titel E-Mail: [email protected] Federico Rostagno / S. 62; Franck-Boston / S. 74 www.bmwi.de frentusha / S. 95; g-miner / S. 124; ismagilov / S. 12 JazzIRT / S. 68; kamisoka / S. 28; logosstock / Titel Zentraler Bestellservice: manfredxy / Titel; metamorworks / S. 80 Telefon: 030 182722721 Meinzahn / S. 76; milanvirijevic / S. 55 Bestellfax: 030 18102722721 Monty Rakusen / S. 48; Morsa Images / S. -
Russia's Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern?
Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? By David Clark and Dr Andrew Foxall June 2014 Published in June 2014 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society 8th Floor, Parker Tower 43-49 Parker Street London WC2B 5PS Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society 2014 The Henry Jackson Society All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? By David Clark and Dr Andrew Foxall All rights reserved Front Cover Image: Welding first joint of Serbian section of South Stream gas pipeline © www.gazprom.com Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? AUTHOR | AUTHOR By David Clark and Dr Andrew Foxall June 2014 Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? About the Authors David Clark is Chair of the Russia Foundation and served as Special Adviser at the Foreign Office 1997-2001. Dr Andrew Foxall is Director of the Russia Studies Centre at The Henry Jackson Society. He holds a DPhil from the University of Oxford. i Russia’s Role in the Balkans – Cause for Concern? The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society is a cross-partisan think-tank based in London. The Henry Jackson Society is a think tank and policy-shaping force that fights for the principles and alliances which keep societies free – working across borders and party lines to combat extremism, advance democracy and real human rights, and make a stand in an increasingly uncertain world. -
Remap, Renewable Energy Prospects: Germany
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECTS: RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECTS: GERMANY GERMANY November 2015 Copyright © IRENA 2015 Unless otherwise stated, this publication and material featured herein are the property of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and are subject to copyright by IRENA. Material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that all such material is clearly attributed to IRENA and bears a notation that it is subject to copyright (© IRENA 2015). Material contained in this publication attributed to third parties may be subject to third-party copyright and separate terms of use and restrictions, including restrictions in relation to any commercial use. About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity. Acknowledgements This report has benefited from valuable comments or guidance provided by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), with special thanks to -
The Energy Transition Chronicles
The Energy Transition Chronicles Energy Cities – The Energy Transition Chronicles The Energy Transition Chronicles Energy Cities provides local authorities with support for implementing their own energy transition process. The Proposals for the energy transition of cities and towns (www.energy-cities.eu/30proposals) are illustrated with around a hundred of inspirational examples from all over Europe. In this document composed of five case reports, Energy Cities goes further and tells the tale of energy transition success stories. Because it is important to show that energy transition is “possible”. Why, how, with whom, for what results? We interviewed local players and decision-makers to find out more. Here are their stories… Document prepared by Energy Cities with the support of the Franche-Comté Regional Council and of ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency) Floriane Cappelletti, Jean-Pierre Vallar, Julia Wyssling Publication: January 2016 2 Energy Cities – The Energy Transition Chronicles CONTENTS THE “ENERGY REBELS” OF SCHÖNAU (GERMANY) OR HOW A COMMUNITY COOPERATIVE BECAME A GREEN ELECTRICITY PROVIDER ................................................................................................................................................... 5 VÄXJÖ (SWEDEN), A “BIO-ECONOMY” FOR ALL ............................................................................................... 23 BRUSSELS-CAPITAL (BELGIUM), AN URBAN LABORATORY OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS .................................... 43 BURGENLAND (AUSTRIA): -
Dena-Studie: Blockchain in Der Integrierten Energiewende
dena-MULTI-STAKEHOLDER-STUDIE Blockchain in der integrierten Energiewende Teil A Studienergebnisse (dena) Teil B.1 Technisches und ökonomisches Gutachten (INEWI) Teil B.2 Regulatorisches Gutachten (Deloitte) Impressum Herausgeber: Sämtliche Inhalte wurden mit größtmöglicher Sorgfalt und Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) nach bestem Wissen erstellt. Die dena übernimmt keine Chausseestraße 128 a Gewähr für die Aktualität, Richtigkeit und Vollständigkeit 10115 Berlin der bereitgestellten Informationen. Für Schäden materieller Tel.: + 49 (0)30 66 777-0 oder immaterieller Art, die durch Nutzung oder Nichtnutzung Fax: + 49 (0)30 66 777-699 der dargebotenen Informationen unmittelbar oder mittelbar www.dena.de verursacht werden, haftet die dena nicht, sofern ihr nicht nachweislich vorsätzliches oder grob fahrlässiges Verschulden Autoren: zur Last gelegt werden kann. Philipp Richard (dena) Sara Mamel (dena) Alle Rechte sind vorbehalten. Die Nutzung steht unter dem Lukas Vogel (dena) Zustimmungsvorbehalt der dena. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jens Strüker (INEWI) Dr. Ludwig Einhellig (Deloitte) Stand: 02/2019 Bildnachweis: Vorwort – dena/Christian Schlüter Konzeption & Gestaltung: Heimrich & Hannot GmbH Die vorliegende dena-Multi-Stakeholder-Studie „Blockchain in der integrierten Energiewende“ ist gegliedert in zwei inhaltliche Teile: Teil A: Studienergebnisse (dena) ab Seite 6 Teil B: 1 Technisches und ökonomisches Gutachten (INEWI) 2 Regulatorisches Gutachten (Deloitte) ab Seite 86 Inhalt Teil A 6 Vorwort 8 Executive Summary 10 Die dena-Multi-Stakeholder-Studie -
The Energiewende in a Nutshell
The Energiewende in a nutshell 10 Q & A on the German energy transition BACKGROUND The Energiewende in a nutshell IMPRINT BACKGROUND The Energiewende in a nutshell 10 Q & A on the German energy transition STUDY BY: Agora Energiewende Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2 10178 Berlin | Germany P +49 (0)30 700 14 35-000 F +49 (0)30 700 14 35-129 www.agora-energiewende.org [email protected] Dimitri Pescia [email protected] Renewable Energy Institute 8F, DLX Building, 1-13-1 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003 Emi Ichiyanagi [email protected] Layout: UKEX GRAPHIC, Germany Please cite as: 109/01-B-2017/EN Agora Energiewende (2017): The Energiewende Publication: March 2017 in a nutshell Introduction Energy systems worldwide are in a state of trans- around the globe, from Chile and Morocco to the United formation. With the adoption of the Paris Climate Arab Emirates and Denmark. Thus, many of the devel- Agreement in December 2015, the foundation for opments we currently see in Germany, and in other international climate policy has fundamentally vanguard countries, are highly relevant for the rest of changed. The decision to limit global warming to be the world. well below to 2 °C can only be achieved if energy sys- tems are completely decarbonized over the long term. While the German approach is not unique worldwide, Accordingly, the European Union has adopted ambi- the speed and scope of the Energiewende are excep- tious goals to move toward a low-carbon economy tional, and have attracted wide attention and debate and fully integrated energy markets. -
'Crude' Alliance – Economic Decolonisation and Oil Power in The
Contemporary European History (2021), page 1 of 16 doi:10.1017/S0960777321000321 ARTICLE ‘Crude’ Alliance – Economic Decolonisation and Oil Power in the Non-Aligned World Ljubica Spaskovska History Department, University of Exeter, Office 233a Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK [email protected] The article examines Yugoslavia’s and by extension the Non-Aligned Movement’s relations with the Middle East, reflecting more broadly on the developmental hierarchies and inner divides between the oil producing and non-oil producing countries within the Movement. The ‘energy shocks’ of the 1970s had a dramatic impact on non-OPEC developing countries and sowed long-lasting rifts in the non- aligned/developing world. The article embeds these events within the debates about the ‘New International Economic Order’ (NIEO), economic decolonisation and the nationalisation of energy resources in the 1970s, but also seeks to provide a longer-term overview of the economic and political relations that non-aligned Yugoslavia sought to forge with the Middle East, in particular with other non-aligned partners such as Egypt, Iraq, Libya and Kuwait. New forms of Cold War developmental multilateralism emerged as a consequence of the energy crisis – the supply of Arab oil to areas which had traditionally relied on Soviet energy not only foreshadowed the emergence of a new hierarchical and dependent relationship between Yugoslavia and the Middle East, it also engendered new forms of eco- nomic cooperation and strategic economic multi-alignment through the pooling of resources and expert- ise from non-aligned, Eastern Bloc states and the United Nations, illustrated here through the Adria Oil Pipeline built in the 1970s and co-financed by Yugoslavia, Kuwait, Libya, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and the World Bank.