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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE Obraz Novináře Napříč UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH V ĚD Institut komunika čních studií a žurnalistiky Katedra mediálních studií Helena Suchá Obraz noviná ře nap říč komiksovou tvorbou Diplomová práce Praha 2015 Autor práce: Helena Suchá Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Milan Kruml Rok obhajoby: 2015 Bibliografický záznam SUCHÁ, Helena. Obraz noviná ře nap říč komiksovou tvorbou. Praha, 2015. 103 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních v ěd, Institut komunika čních studií a žurnalistiky. Katedra mediálních studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Milan Kruml. Abstrakt Diplomová práce Obraz noviná ře nap říč komiksovou tvorbou se v ěnuje problematice komiksu jako média s potenciálem vytvá řet ur čité p ředstavy o spole čnosti. Cílem práce je vymezení typologie postav noviná řů zobrazovaných v komiksových dílech a následné zodpov ězení otázky, zdali tyto komiksové obrazy formují ustálené p ředstavy o noviná řské profesi. Práce je rozd ělena do t ří částí: teoretické, historické a analytické. V první části se autor v ěnuje teoretickému vymezení pojm ů z oblasti komiksových a mediálních studií, které úzce souvisí s problematikou této práce (komiks, noviná ř, stereotypy, interpretace). Druhá kapitola shrnuje historický vývoj komiksové tvorby na jednotlivých kontinentech, zvláštní pozornost pak v ěnuje svébytnému formování kresleného seriálu v českém prost ředí. V hlavní části autor na základ ě p ředchozí rešerše analyzuje komiksové postavy noviná řů , jež jsou rozd ěleny do kategorií podle charakteru postav, genderových rozdíl ů i žánr ů konkrétních d ěl. Výstupem práce je shrnutí poznatk ů provedené analýzy a z toho vyplývající záv ěry. Abstract The thesis A Portrait of a Journalist throughout the Comic Book Production deals with comics as a medium with a potential to create certain ideas about society. The aim of this thesis is to define typology of fictional journalists in comic books and to answer the question whether these comic images form stereotypes about journalistic profession. The thesis is divided into three parts: theoretical, historical and analytical. In the first part the author deals with the theoretical definition of terms used in the field of comics and media studies, which is closely related to the concept of the thesis (comics, journalist, stereotypes, interpretation). The second chapter summarizes the historical development of a comic’s production on each continent. Special attention is devoted to a distinctive formation of the comic series in the Czech environment. Based on the previous research the author analyzes the comic book characters of journalists in the main part of the thesis. These are divided into categories according to the nature of the characters, gender differences and genres. The outcome of the performed analysis is a summary of the findings and the resulting conclusions. Klí čová slova Komiks, grafický román, médium, komiksový strip, fiktivní postava, noviná ř, čtená ř, stereotyp, interpretace Keywords Comics, grafic novel, medium, comic strip, fictional charakter, journalist, reader, stereotype, interpretation Rozsah práce: 159 298 znak ů. Prohlášení 1. Prohlašuji, že jsem p ředkládanou práci zpracovala samostatn ě a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. 2. Prohlašuji, že práce nebyla využita k získání jiného titulu. 3. Souhlasím s tím, aby práce byla zp řístupn ěna pro studijní a výzkumné ú čely. V Praze dne 4. 1. 2015 Helena Suchá Pod ěkování Na tomto míst ě bych ráda pod ěkovala PhDr. Milanu Krumlovi za p řínosné rady a inspiraci. Rovn ěž d ěkuji svým nejbližším za jejich podporu a motivaci během psaní diplomové práce. Institut komunika čních studií a žurnalistiky FSV UK Teze MAGISTERSKÉ diplomové práce TUTO ČÁST VYPL ŇUJE STUDENT/KA: Příjmení a jméno diplomantky/diplomanta: Razítko podatelny: Suchá Helena Imatrikulační ro čník diplomantky/diplomanta: 2010/2011 E-mail diplomantky/diplomanta: [email protected] Studijní obor/forma studia: Žurnalistika (prezen ční) Předpokládaný název práce v češtin ě: Obraz noviná ře nap říč komiksovou tvorbou Předpokládaný název práce v angli čtin ě: A portrait of a journalist throughout the comic book production Předpokládaný termín dokon čení (semestr, akademický rok – vzor: ZS 2012/2013 ) (diplomovou práci je možné odevzdat nejd říve po dvou semestrech od schválení tezí) LS 2012/2013 Charakteristika tématu a jeho dosavadní zpra cování (max. 1800 znak ů): Komiks jako médium propojující textovou stránku s dominující obrazovou stránkou je podle specialisty na komiksovou tvorbu Scotta McClouda specifickým médiem ur čeným ke sd ělování informací a vyvolání estetického prožitku. Tento typ média, stejn ě jako literatura fikce či mýtické příb ěhy, nám pomáhá vytvá řet si ur čitou p ředstavu o realit ě, rozeznávat dobro od zla na p říkladu věč ných boj ů komiksových superhrdin ů se zloduchy. Lidé si tak prost řednictvím čtení vytvá ří ur čité p ředstavy o sv ětě. Diplomová práce se zabývá výskytem a zp ůsoby zobrazování noviná řů v tomto médiu a vytvá řením ur čitých p ředstav čtená řů o této profesi. Komiksu a jeho schopnosti konstruovat realitu se již n ěkolik desítek let v ěnují zejména zahrani ční auto ři, v tuzemské literatu ře této problematice zatím nebylo v ěnováno mnoho pozornosti. Předpokládaný cíl práce, případn ě formulace problému, výzkumné otázky nebo hypotézy (max. 1800 znak ů): Cílem práce je rešerše české a zahrani ční komiksové tvorby a následn á analýza komiksových příb ěhů, ve kterých se objevují hlavní i vedlejší postavy noviná řů . Charakterizováním jednotlivých hrdin ů, jež byli v komiksech (z po čátku 20. století až po sou časnost) prezentováni jako zástupci noviná řské profese, se pokusím vymezit typologii noviná ře. Klí čovým úkolem této práce je hledání odpov ědí, jak se noviná řské povolání v pr ůběhu let zobrazovalo v komiksové tvorb ě, a zdali komiks jako podce ňované médium pomáhá vytvá řet ur čité p ředstavy o roli noviná ře ve spole čnosti, či vytvá ří stereotypy o tomto povolání. Předpokládaná struktura práce (rozd ělení do jednotlivých kapitol a podkapitol se stru čnou charakteristikou jejich obsahu) : 1. Úvod – představení tématu a cíle práce 2. Materiál a metodika – popis zpracovávaného materiálu a aplikovaných metod 3. Vymezení pojm ů – vymezení a teoretický popis klí čových pojm ů 3.1. Komiks 3.2. Noviná ř 3.3. Interpretace 3.4. Stereotypy 4. Stru čná historie komiksové tvorby – stru čné vymezení, historický vývoj a sou časná situace zahrani čního a domácího komiksu 4.1. Hlavní rysy vývoje komiksové tvorby ve sv ětě 4.2. Etapy vývoje českého komiksu 5. Postava noviná ře v komiksové tvorb ě – deskripce analyzovaného materiálu, analýza přítomnosti postav noviná řů v komiksových p říb ězích, jejich postupné prom ěny v rámci historického vývoje, stereotypizace noviná řského povolání 6. Záv ěr Vymezení podkladového materiálu (nap ř. titul periodika a analyzované období): Analyzovaným materiálem budou vybrané komiksové sešity, knihy a periodika, ve kterých se vyskytují komiksové postavy noviná řů , jež sehrávají v ilustrovaných p říb ězích klí čové role. Z komiksových sešit ů m ůžeme jmenovat nap říklad Tintinova dobrodružství (v ČR nakladatelství Egmont), Action comics (nap ř. Superman, nakladatelství DC Comics), Amazing Spiderman (nakladatelství Marvel) a další. Z periodik bych uvedla p ředevším český magazín CREW s domácím i zahrani čním výb ěrem komiks ů či týdeník Mladý Hlasatel z let 1935 až 1941. Metody (techniky) zpracování materiálu: Rešerše, deskripce, analýza Základní literatura (nejmén ě 5 nejd ůležit ějších titul ů k tématu a metod ě jeho zpracování; u všech titul ů je nutné uvést stru čnou anotaci na 2-5 řádk ů): BERGER, Arthur Asa. Narratives in popular culture, media, and everyday life. Thousand Oaks , London , New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1997. 200 s.¨ Berger ve své knize objas ňuje teorii narací (vypráv ění), interpretaci p říb ěhů aplikovaných do každodenních zkušeností publika/ čtená řů prost řednictvím masmédií. První část knihy představuje klí čové teoretiky zabývající se naracemi, jejich analýzou a technikami, v druhé části se seznamujeme s jednotlivými elementy p říb ěhů – ve snech, komiksech, filmech a dalších médiích. DEUZE, Mark. What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi: Journalism, 2005, Vol. 6(4): s. 442– 464. Tento odborný článek se zabývá typickými hodnotami a ideologiemi noviná řů , jejich zm ěnami spojenými s kulturním a technologickým vývojem, autor zde klade d ůraz na profesní žurnalistické ideologie a celkový význam noviná ře. Deuze v této studii cituje autory, jako je nap ř. Shoemakerová, Skinner či Donsbach. DUNCAN, Randy a SMITH, Mathew J. The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture . London: Continuum, 2009. 360 s. Kniha se zabývá komiksovou tvorbou a grafickými romány z hledisk a historického vývoje, komunika čních technik, výstavby textu i analýzy význam ů a symbol ů komiksových p říb ěhů a jejich interpretace. ECO, Umberto. Skeptikové a t ěšitelé. Praha: Argo, 2006. 367 s. Sbírka esej ů se zabývá populární masovou kulturou, pseudokulturou, její struktu rní analýzou, interpretováním produkt ů (komiks, reprodukovaná hudba apod.) a jejich konzumování. Jirák, J.- Köpplová, B.: Masová média. Praha: Portál, 2009. Úvod do studia médií seznamuje čtená ře s obecným pojmem mediální komunikace, sp ole čenským kontextem médií, publikem, ale i historickým kontextem a vývojem mediální komunikace. KRUML, Milan. Comics: stru čné d ějiny. Praha: Martin Trojan, 2007. 318 s. Stru čná historie komiksu
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