De Maria a Madalena Representações Femininas Nas Histórias Em Quadrinhos

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De Maria a Madalena Representações Femininas Nas Histórias Em Quadrinhos UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÕES E ARTES EDILIANE DE OLIVEIRA BOFF De Maria a Madalena representações femininas nas histórias em quadrinhos São Paulo 2014 EDILIANE DE OLIVEIRA BOFF De Maria a Madalena: representações femininas nas histórias em quadrinhos Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências da Comunicação Área de Concentração: Interfaces Sociais da Comunicação Orientador: Prof. Dr. Waldomiro de Castro Santos Vergueiro São Paulo 2014 2 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. BOFF, E.O. De Maria a Madalena: representações femininas nas histórias em quadrinhos Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutora em Comunicação. Aprovado em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. ________________________ Instituição: _________________________ Julgamento: ______________________ Assinatura: ________________________ Prof. Dr. ________________________ Instituição: _________________________ Julgamento: ______________________ Assinatura: ________________________ Prof. Dr. ________________________ Instituição: _________________________ Julgamento: ______________________ Assinatura: ________________________ Prof. Dr. ________________________ Instituição: _________________________ Julgamento: ______________________ Assinatura: ________________________ Prof. Dr. ________________________ Instituição: _________________________ Julgamento: ______________________ Assinatura: ________________________ 4 AGRADECIMENTOS À CAPES, pelo financiamento desta pesquisa em todos os momentos de seu desenvolvimento; Ao professor Waldomiro, pela generosidade, pelo exemplo de força e dedicação, pela paciência, pelas horas, pelos tempos de Conan, Xavier e Shmoo; A Luiz Maurício, meu amor, por tudo; A Eva, Luiz Carlos e Celine, pelo aconchego incondicional e pelo amor; Às professoras Sandra e Regina, pelas significativas contribuições durante a qualificação do projeto desta tese e pela grande possibilidade de aprendizado; Ao meu querido professor e amigo Ramón, pelas conversas e pelas bem humoradas aulas de espanhol; Ao professor Jesús Jiménez Varea, pela ótima acolhida na Universidad de Sevilla e pela valiosa coorientação; Ao professor e amigo Antonio Pineda, pelas furiosas e divertidas discussões teóricas; e pelas importantes indicações de melhoria; A todos os meus velhos e novos amigos, pela companhia, pela paciência e pelo estímulo; Aos meus colegas de curso, especialmente ao Nobu, sempre dedicado a fornecer material de pesquisa; À secretaria do PPGCOM, especialmente para Rosely, por compreender as ansiedades geradas em função de problemas burocráticos e pela enorme dedicação ao seu trabalho; Às quadrinhistas, aos editores, especialistas e professores que forneceram entrevistas sugestões e inúmeras contribuições para esse trabalho. Nancy, de Ernie Bushmiller 6 RESUMO Trata das representações de protagonistas femininas nas histórias em quadrinhos, enfatizando exemplos de histórias que abordam concepções identitárias distintas. Com o intuito de compreender como o feminino aparece em determinadas criações, esta tese se apoia nos pressupostos metodológicos da Hermenêutica de Profundidade, de John B. Thompson (2011). Assim, a pesquisa apresenta dois momentos dorsais, sendo que o primeiro aborda as construções femininas, a partir da perspectiva de autores masculinos; e o segundo aborda tais construções a partir da perspectiva de autoras-mulheres e do autor transgênero Laerte. Em princípio, foram enfatizadas as personagens das obras Rê Bordosa, Mara-Tara, As skotinhas, Radical Chic e Aline. Posteriormente, tratou-se de destacar também as criações Mulher de 30, Amely: uma mulher de verdade, Uma Patada com carinho e Muriel. Dessa forma, constatou- se que grande parte dessas narrativas oscilam entre criticar, debochar e apoiar uma ideia de feminino fundamentada na mística feminina, desenvolvida pela pensadora Betty Friedan (1971). Palavras-chave: Feminino. Quadrinhos. Identidade. Mística feminina. Abstract The feminine issue within today’s society is an essential part of the communication field. In comics, the female representations are even more intricate. Based on that, and emphasizing cases that present differents conceptions of identity, this research is constituted by two dorsal moments: the first of which covers the female constructs from the perspective of male- authors; and the second discusses such constructions from the perspective of the female- author and Laerte, who is, by the way, a transgender author. In order to understand how the female shows up in several creations, this thesis is based on the methodological assumptions of John B. Thompson (2011). First of all, were objects of this work the characters Rê Bordosa, Mara-Tara, As skotinhas, Radical Chic and Aline. Later, were added the works Mulher de 30, Amely: uma mulher de verdade, Uma patada com carinho; and Muriel. Thus, there is a large evidence that the most part of these narratives swings between scoffing and supporting the idea of female, based on the feminine mystic, by Betty Friedan (1971). Key-word: Feminine. Comics. Identity. Feminine mystique. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Jornal online O Bairrista (O BAIRRISTA. Disponível em: < www.obairrista.com>. Acesso em 2 Set.2013)........................................................................................................................................ 31 Figura 2 Quadrinhos de Pagu (CAMPOS, Augusto. Pagu, vida e obra. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1987).... 38 Figura 3 Marcha das vadias, de Laerte (COUTINHO, Laerte. Disponível em: <http://murieltotal.zip.net/arch2012-07-29_2012-08-04.html>. Acesso em: 16. Ago. 2012).......... 43 Figura 4 Grupo FEMEN, Ucrânia (GRUPO FEMEN. Disponível em: <http://femen.org/about>. Acesso em 4 Jan. 2014)................................................................................................................................. 46 Figura 5 Campanha Chega de Fiu-fiu (CHEGA DE FIU-FIU. Disponível em: <http://thinkolga.com/chega-de-fiu-fiu>. Acesso em Dez. 2013)..................................................... 48 Figura 6 Propaganda Hope Gisele Bündchen (HOPE GISELE BÜNDCHEN. Diponível em: <http://exame.abril.com.br/marketing/noticias/gisele-bundchen-ilustra-campanha-da-hope>. Acesso em 4 Abr. 2012).................................................................................................................... 55 Figura 7 Anúncio Impresso Skol, 2003 (FNAZCA. Disponível em: <www.fnazca.com.br/index.php/2006/02/06/skol-pilsen>. Acesso em 4 Abr. 2012)....................... 56 Figura 8 Dove e a exibição do corpo comum (DOVE. Disponível em: < http://www.dove.com.br/pt/>. Acesso em 12 Dez. 2011).................................................................................................................. 58 Figura 9 Whoa, Nellie! (HERNANDEZ, Jaime. Whoa, Nellie!. Campinas: Zarabatana, 2007, p.77).......... 62 Figura 10 Dale Arden (Disponível em <http://femformidable.blogspot.com.br/2013_06_01_archive.html>. Acesso em 4 Jan 2014.)................................................................................................................................................ 65 Figura 11 Miss Lace (HISTORIA DE LOS COMICS, nº 8, 1982, p. 221)...................................................... 65 Figura 12 Daisy Mae (GOULART, R. El Estilo Dogpatch. In.: HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº 10, 1982, p.256)...................................................................................................................................... 66 Figura 13 Xulipa Buscapé (GOULART, R. El Estilo Dogpatch. In.: HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº 10, 1982, p.256)...................................................................................................................................... 67 Figura 14 Parte de história de Pafúncio e Marocas,1920 (HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS,- nº2, 1982, p. 46)..................................................................................................................................................... 72 Figura 15 Blondie, de Chic Young (1) (HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº 27, 1982, p. 737)......................... 74 Figura 16 Blondie, Chic Young (2) (HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº 27, 1982, p. 737)............................. 75 Figura 17 Mr. and Mrs. (WEPMAN, D. La serie familiar: relaciones y papeles familiares em los cómics. In.: HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº 3, 1982, p. 82)..................................................................... 77 Figura 18 Winnie Winkle, de Martín Branner (JAVIER, C. Mitos y generos de testimonio cotidiano:La forma americana de vida en el joven sistema de los cómics. In.: HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº3, 1982, p. 64)................................................................................................................................ 79 Figura 19 Nancy (Disponível em: <http://ladyscomics.com.br/a-travessa-nancy>. Acesso em 20 Dez. 2013)................................................................................................................................................. 80 Figura 20 Little Orphan Annie (HISTORIA DE LOS CÓMICS, nº 5, 1982, p.140)..................................... 80 Figura 21 Little Annie Fanny (THOMPSON, D., Alfred E. Neuman da origen a Little Annie Funny. In.: HISTORIA
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