UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JUIZ DE FORA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE

JORGE CECÍLIO DAHER JÚNIOR

Análise Bibliométrica das Publicações Científicas sobre Experiências Relacionadas à Possibilidade da Autonomia da Consciência Além do Cérebro

JUIZ DE FORA 2016

JORGE CECÍLIO DAHER JÚNIOR

Análise Bibliométrica das Publicações Científicas sobre Experiências Relacionadas à Possibilidade da Autonomia da Consciência Além do Cérebro

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, como requisito à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Saúde. Área de concentração: Saúde Brasileira

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Giancarlo Lucchetti Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Alexander Moreira de Almeida

JUIZ DE FORA 2016

JORGE CECÍLIO DAHER JÚNIOR

“Análise Bibliométrica das Publicações Científicas sobre Experiências Relacionadas à Possibilidade da Autonomia da Consciência Além do Cérebro”.

Dissertação de Mestrado submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – UFJF, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Saúde.

Aprovado em: _____/_____/_____

______Giancarlo Lucchetti (Orientador) - UFJF

______Prof. Dr. Gustavo Arja Castañon – UFJF

______Prof. Dr. Mario Peres – Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein

AGRADECIMENTOS:

Agradeço eternamente:

A Deus, Inteligência Suprema, Causa Primária de todas as coisas.

Ao meu pai, que esteve presente em todos os instantes de minha vida e me permitiu partilhar de sua saudosa partida.

À minha mãe, Nelly, por ser a eterna incentivadora de meus passos, em todos os caminhos que escolhi.

À Ju, minha esposa, que me encontrou perdido e trouxe a luz que guia meus passos, que tolerou sem qualquer objeção os dias de repouso trocados por trabalho e pesquisa, que me apoiou em todos os instantes e auxiliou cada etapa com estímulo à perseverança.

A Marlene Nobre, por tudo o que um filho pode agradecer a uma mãe espiritual que lhe abriu as portas para realizar um compromisso antes relegado.

Ao meu orientador, amigo e companheiro, Giancarlo, à minha irmã

Alessandra, pela confiança e por não me permitirem parar.

RESUMO:

Introdução: A hipótese da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro

é um tema controverso sobre o qual há uma longa história de investigações científicas. Entretanto, ainda não se realizou uma análise sistematizada das publicações sobre esse tema, que possibilite conhecer o estado da arte nesse campo e determinar lacunas e limitações metodológicas.

Objetivos: Fazer um levantamento bibliométrico das publicações que investigaram experiências habitualmente associadas à possibilidade da existência da consciência independente do cérebro nas principais bases de dados científicos.

Métodos: Avaliaram-se todos os artigos contidos no Pubmed, Web of

Knowledge, PsycINFO, Science Direct e Scopus até 31/12/2015, através de operadores booleanos, envolvendo os seguintes campos: Experiências de quase morte(NDE), Experiências fora do corpo(OBE), Experiências de final de vida(ELE), Possessão(POS), Memórias sugestivas de vidas passadas(PLM), Mediunidade(MED), transcomunicação, detecção de

“espíritos” e relação mente-cérebro. Foram excluídos artigos científicos fora do tema ou de outras áreas, publicações não científicas, referências de livros e capítulos de livros.

Resultados: Dos 9065 artigos encontrados, 1954 artigos foram incluídos

(598 NDE, 223 OBE, 56 ELE, 224 POS, 244 PLM, 565 MED, 44 outros). Ao longo das décadas, notou-se um aumento na quantidade de artigos em todos os campos avaliados, com exceção dos estudos em Mediunidade, no qual houve um declínio no final do sec XX e uma retomada no sec XXI. Em

relação aos tipos de artigos, com exceção de Past-life memories e End-of-life experiences (predominando estudos originais), os demais campos possuíram predomínio de artigos de revisão. Os artigos foram publicados em periódicos com fator de impacto médio comparável com outras áreas da ciência, como por exemplo psicologia positiva e reabilitação cardiovascular.

Conclusão: De forma geral as pesquisas sobre sobrevivência da consciência têm aumentado nas últimas décadas, em revistas com fator de impacto semelhante ao de outras áreas, porém com predomínio de revisões. A identificação dessas lacunas pode auxiliar na elaboração de novas pesquisas na área.

Palavras-chave: Mind-brain relationship, near death experiences, end of life experiences, out of body experiences, bibliometrics

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The hypothesis of autonomy of the consciousness in relation to the brain is a controversial subject with a long history of scientific investigations. To date, however, no systematic analysis of the publications on this topic, establishing the state of art in this field and identifying methodological gaps and limitations, has been conducted.

Objectives: To conduct a bibliometric search of publications investigating experiences commonly associated with the possibility of the existence of a consciousness independent of the brain held on the main scientific databases.

Methods: A search of all articles held on the Pubmed, Web of Knowledge,

PsycINFO, Science Direct and Scopus databases up to 31/12/2015 was performed with boolean operators involving the following fields: Near-death experiences (NDE), Out-of-body experiences (OBE), End-of-life experiences

(ELE), Possession (POS), Memories suggestive of past lives (PLM),

Mediumship (MED), transcommunication, detection of “spirits” and mind-brain relationship. Scientific articles unrelated to the topic or on other areas, unscientific publications, book references and book chapters were all excluded.

Results: Of the 9065 articles retrieved, 1954 were included (598 NDE, 223

OBE, 56 ELE, 224 POS, 244 PLM, 565 MED, 44 others). Over the decades, there was an evident increase in the number of articles on all the fields, with the exception of studies on Mediumship which showed a decline during the late twentieth century and subsequent rise in the early twenty-first century.

Regarding the types of articles found, with the exception of Past-life memories

and End-of-life experiences (mostly original studies), publications were predominantly review articles. The articles were published in journals with an average impact factor similar to other areas of science, such as positive psychology and cardiovascular rehabilitation.

Conclusion: Overall, publications of studies on survival of the consciousness have tended to increase over recent decades in journals with similar impact factors to other areas, although these studies were predominantly review articles. Identifying gaps can help guide future studies in the area.

Keywords: Mind-brain relationship, near-death experiences, end-of-life experiences, out-of-body experiences, bibliometrics.

LISTA DE TABELAS:

Tabela 1 Palavras-Chave utilizadas para a pesquisa ...... 54

Tabela 2 Panorama geral do campo Mediunidade ...... 65

Tabela 3 Autores do campo Mediunidade ...... 66

Tabela 4 Principais revistas do campo Mediunidade ...... 67

Tabela 5 Principais países campo Mediunidade ...... 68

Tabela 6 Panorama geral do campo Mediunidade, excluídos artigos referentes a Telepatia ...... 69

Tabela 7 Panorama geral do campo EQM ...... 74

Tabela 8 Autores do campo EQM ...... 75

Tabela 9 Principais revistas do campo EQM ...... 76

Tabela 10 Principais países campo EQM ...... 77

Tabela 11 Panorama geral do campo EFV ...... 80

Tabela 12 Autores do campo EFV ...... 81

Tabela 13 Principais revistas do campo EFV ...... 83

Tabela 14 Principais países campo EFV ...... 84

Tabela 15 Panorama geral do campo EFC ...... 87

Tabela 16 Autores no campo EFC ...... 89

Tabela 17 Principais revistas do campo EFC ...... 90

Tabela 18 Principais países do campo EFC ...... 91

Tabela 19 Panorama geral do campo MVP ...... 95

Tabela 20 Autores do campo MVP ...... 96

Tabela 21 Principais revistas do campo MVP ...... 97

Tabela 22 Principais países campo MVP ...... 98

Tabela 23 Panorama geral do campo Possessão ...... 101

Tabela 24 Autores do campo Possessão ...... 102

Tabela 25 Principais revistas do campo Possessão ...... 104

Tabela 26 Principais países campo Possessão ...... 105

Tabela 27 Panorama geral dos campos RMC, TC, DE ...... 107

Lista de Figuras

Figura 1 Estratégia de Pesquisa ...... 61

Figura 2 Publicações ao longo dos anos campo Mediunidade ...... 64

Figura 3 Panorama das publicações ao longo dos anos no campo

Mediunidade, excluídos artigos referentes a Telepatia ...... 70

Figura 4 Publicações ao longo dos anos campo EQM ...... 73

Figura 5 Publicações ao longo dos anos campo EFV ...... 82

Figura 6 Publicações ao longo dos anos campo EFC ...... 88

Figura 7 Publicações ao longo dos anos campo MVP ...... 94

Figura 8 Publicações ao longo dos anos campo Possessão ...... 103

Figura 9 Publicações ao longo dos anos campos RMC, TC, DE ...... 108

Lista de Abreviaturas

BR ...... Book Review

DE ...... Detecção de Espíritos

Ed ...... Editorial, Comments, Notes

EFV ...... Experiências no Final da Vida

EFC ...... Experiências Fora do Corpo

EQM ...... Experiências de Quase-Morte

JCR ...... Journal of Citation Reports

Lett ...... Letter to Editor

MBR ...... Mind-Brain Relationship

Meet ...... Meeting Papers

MVP ...... Memória de Vidas Passadas

NC ...... Non Scientific

NDE ...... Near-Death Experiences

OI ...... Out of Interest

OR ...... Original Research

PLM ...... Past-Live Memory

PSP ...... Possession

R ...... Review Paper

RMC ...... Relação Mente-Cérebro

SD ...... Spirit Detection

TC ...... Transcomunicação

SUMÁRIO:

INTRODUÇÃO ...... 15 Apresentação ...... 15 Panorama histórico das postulações da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro ...... 18 O Século das Pesquisas Psíquicas ...... 20 Inglaterra ...... 21 Estados Unidos ...... 24 França ...... 25 Itália ...... 27 Telepatia e Percepção Extra-Sensorial ...... 28 Panorama Atual das Publicações sobre Autonomia da Consciência em Relação ao Cérebro ...... 29 Imortalidade na Literatura Biomédica ...... 31 Mediunidade ...... 31 Experiências de Quase-Morte ...... 36 Experiências no Final da Vida ...... 41 Experiências Fora do Corpo ...... 43 Memórias de Vidas Passadas ...... 45 Transe e Possessão Espiritual ...... 46 Relação Mente-Cérebro, Transcomunicação, Detecção de Espíritos ...... 48 JUSTIFICATIVA ...... 50 OBJETIVOS ...... 52 MÉTODOS ...... 53 Tipo de estudo ...... 53 Estratégia de pesquisa ...... 53 Banco de dados científicos ...... 55 Critérios de inclusão ...... 55 Critérios de exclusão ...... 56 Análise e classificação das referências ...... 57 RESULTADOS ...... 60 Mediunidade ...... 62

Experiências de Quase-Morte ...... 71 Experiências no Final da Vida ...... 78 Experiências Fora do Corpo ...... 85 Memórias de Vidas Passadas ...... 92 Transe e Possessão Espiritual ...... 99 Relação Mente-Cérebro, Transcomunicação, Detecção de Espíritos ...... 106 Campos Sobrepostos ...... 109 DISCUSSÃO ...... 110 LIMITAÇÕES ...... 115 CONCLUSÃO ...... 116 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ...... 117 APÊNDICE ...... 145 Apêndice A: Lista das Publicações analisadas ...... 146 15

1. Introdução:

1.1. Apresentação:

Como médico, a presença da morte na história do paciente parece completar o ciclo de uma doença. A estrutura da anamnese clássica é assentada sobre as bases investigativas que podem conduzir ao diagnóstico e tratamento (Benseñor, 2013), e permitir especulações sobre o prognóstico de uma doença. O conhecimento da doença e suas características em uma população inserem informações sobre a sobrevida do paciente e o enfrentamento de sua doença. A morte, por outro lado, é historicamente tida como a culminância do término da relação entre o médico e seu paciente(Vianna e Piccelli, 1998; Macrae, 2001; Pazin-Filho, 2005).

Os estágios do morrer foram descritos há quase 40 anos, por Kubler-

Ross(Kubler-Ross, 2002) e, ainda hoje, a integração do médico em todas as fases da morte do paciente é um desafio às especialidades médicas que tratam doentes crônicos(Smaldone e Uzzo, 2013). O processo do morrer pode ainda gerar especulações filosóficas e científicas sobre a autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro e consequente postulação de sua sobrevivência após a morte.

A imortalidade, ou sobrevivência após a morte, de modo geral aparece na literatura acadêmica como tema de domínio da Filosofia e das Ciências da

Religião. Quando associado à Medicina, na maior parte das vezes, é evocado como ilustração histórica (Santos, 2007), onde os espíritos eram causadores das doenças (Scliar, 2007) , ou como ilustração alegórica (Arlow, 1982).

A possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro está presente como elemento cultural da humanidade, em todas as suas 16

épocas. As diversas tradições religiosas e filosóficas têm debatido há milênios se o ser humano é constituído apenas por seu corpo físico

(materialismo filosófico) ou se possui uma mente/alma/espírito/consciência que transcenderia o corpo físico e que poderia sobreviver à morte

(espiritualismo filosófico) (Araujo, 2013). Relatos e experiências transcendentais e espirituais, que envolvem estados alterados da consciência, têm implicações para a compreensão da relação mente-cérebro

(Moreira-Almeida, A., 2013) e, desde meados do século XIX, pesquisadores têm buscado realizar investigações científicas sobre possíveis evidências da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro (Hyslop, 1898; Alvarado,

2003; 2013b; Sommer, 2014).

Ian Stevenson (Stevenson, 1977b) propõe três períodos históricos distintos nessas investigações científicas: o primeiro (1880 – 1930) seria o período predominado pela coleta e análise das alegadas manifestações espontâneas de “personalidades já mortas”; o segundo (1930 – 1960) foi caracterizado pelas pesquisas da Parapsicologia, onde o foco predominante foi a análise de manifestações extra-sensórias tendo por agente pessoas vivas e o terceiro (a partir de 1960) caracterizou-se pelo retorno das experiências que poderiam gerar evidências sobre a sobrevivência após a morte.

Entretanto, esse tema sempre foi marcado por controvérsias no meio acadêmico (Moreira-Almeida, 2012; Cardeña, 2014). De um lado, os materialistas acreditam que a mente seria um processo material ou físico, um produto do funcionamento cerebral. De outro lado, de acordo com visões não materialistas, a mente seria algo diferente do cérebro, podendo existir além 17 dele (Stevenson, 1977b; Stevenson e Greyson, 1979; Saavedra-Aguilar e

Gómez-Jeria, 1989; Almeder, 1992; Martens, 1994; Mobbs e Watt, 2011;

Moreira-Almeida e Araujo, 2015).

Nesse contexto, nas últimas décadas houve um aumento do número de publicações acerca desse assunto (como por exemplo na área de experiências de quase morte) (Sleutjes et al., 2014), associado a um interesse do público geral (Markovsky e Thye, 2001). Diversas linhas de pesquisas foram criadas em diferentes temas, como por exemplo, experiências de quase morte, experiências fora do corpo, mediunidade, experiências espirituais no leito de morte, memórias sugestivas de vidas passadas, dentre outras (Moreira-Almeida, A., 2013).

Compreender os tipos de estudos, principais temas, desenhos metodológicos, desfechos principais e a produção global dessas pesquisas é de grande importância para se conhecer o estado da arte no campo, determinar possíveis lacunas de investigação e limitações metodológicas, o que auxiliará a traçar futuras direções para esse campo de pesquisa. Porém, não identificamos na literatura um estudo que tenha traçado um panorama dos principais artigos sobre o tema por meio da consulta dos principais bancos de artigos científicos, permitindo uma compreensão abrangente desse campo.

Nas bases de dados eletrônicos de literatura científica, a temática da possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro pode ser encontrada em revistas científicas indexadas na forma de pesquisas com dados originais, relatos de casos, artigos de revisão. 18

Para que se possa traçar um panorama das pesquisas atuais é necessário fazer inicialmente um levantamento bibliométrico das publicações que investigaram experiências associadas a possibilidade da existência da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro nas principais bases de dados científicos.

1.1.1. Panorama Histórico das postulações da autonomia da

consciência em relação ao cérebro:

A crença que o corpo humano se constituía de órgãos animados por um componente etéreo, não material, se estabeleceu na Medicina dos povos ancestrais que povoaram todo o neolítico (3500 a.C.). A recorrência de achados de trepanação (procedimento cirúrgico que consiste em abrir orifícios na calota craniana para acesso às membranas que revestem o cérebro e também ao próprio órgão), permitiu que paleopatologistas especulassem que a principal indicação de tal procedimento fosse ritualístico, como forma de liberar os doentes da influência dos mal espíritos (Kelly,

2009).

Hipócrates de Cós estabeleceu os princípios da prática e da terapêutica médicas. A medicina hipocrática foi baseada em concepções capitais: vitalismo, humorismo e mecanicismo (Da Silva, 1933; Lonie, 1981).

A doutrina vitalista de Hipócrates trata do pneuma, que, segundo a interpretação da doutrina hipocrática por alguns autores, desapareceria após a morte (Da Silva, 1933)

Influenciado por Hipócrates, Hierófilo descreve a pneuma psíquica como responsável pelo movimento e sensações do indivíduo e localiza no 19 quarto ventrículo cerebral a sede da alma(Castro e Landeira-Fernandez,

2011).

Galeno, um dos médicos de maior influência em toda a história da

Medicina, propagou a teoria dos pneuma, estabelecendo uma convicção que perdurou por cerca de mil e quinhentos anos, de componentes imateriais e intangíveis, vapores ou fluidos, responsáveis por ‘animar’ o ser humano

(Barros, 2002).

Descartes (1596-1650) propôs em sua filosofia uma concepção do homem que envolvia também a fisiologia e aspectos metafísicos (Donatelli,

2003). Para Descartes, ao contrário dos animais, os homens são dotados de alma (Rocha, 2004), todavia o spiritus animalis de Descartes são corpúsculos materiais e a função da alma é a produção dos pensamentos (Descartes,

1989).

O século XVIII assistiu a emergência do mesmerismo, ou práticas iniciadas por Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), que consistiam de técnicas que tinham por objetivo a correção do desequilíbrio do chamado “magnetismo animal” (Alvarado et al., 2007).

O Moderno Espiritualismo, termo que designa toda a fenomenologia alegadamente mediúnica e ostensivamente desenvolvida na segunda metade do século XIX (Silva, 2009), que também pode ser definido como movimento religioso com pretensão científica, que aventava a suposta comunicação com os mortos através de médiuns (Braude, 2008), surgiu na América ao final da década de 1840, e espalhou-se para a Europa (Braude, 2007), com grande repercussão na França (Lewgoy, 2007), perdurando por todo o século XIX, até o seu final, e alcançando a atualidade. 20

Os fenômenos de alegadas comunicações com os mortos despertaram interesse em todas as camadas sociais, tornando-se inclusive de interesse científico (Gauld, 1982). Pesquisadores da filosofia e da Ciência do século XIX, consagrados por suas produções intelectuais em seus campos de atuação, utilizaram os instrumentos da Ciência para investigar a possibilidade de sobrevivência da consciência à morte e a possibilidade dos chamados médiuns de supostamente entrarem em contato com os alegados mortos (Moreira-Almeida, Alexander, 2013).

1.1.1.1. O século das pesquisas psíquicas:

A segunda metade do século XIX, até meados do século XX foi período ímpar na história da Ciência, quando cientistas renomados da

Europa e dos Estados Unidos interessaram-se pelas pesquisas psíquicas

(Alvarado, 2002; Lachapelle, 2005).

Segundo o “Webster's New International Dictionary of the English

Language", as pesquisas psíquicas “lidam com a investigação do fenômeno que parece contrário às leis físicas e sugerem atividade mental fora do corpo”. De acordo com Szasz (Szasz, 1957), a definição é ambígua e sem qualquer significado científico e sugere que o melhor significado seria definir que as pesquisas psíquicas “lidam com o “oculto” que identifica o fenômeno em questão por evocar uma resposta afetiva no observador”.

As sociedades de pesquisas psíquicas visavam a aplicação de metodologia científica para testar a hipótese da sobrevivência através da comunicação com os alegados mortos, dos fenômenos de aparição, entre outros e reuniram tanto pesquisadores que aceitavam a tese da sobrevivência quanto os que negavam (Alvarado, 2003). 21

1.1.1.1.1. Inglaterra

A fundação da Society for Psychical Research (SPR), em 1882, na

Inglaterra, permitiu a reunião de pesquisadores para a investigação de fenômenos considerados anormais, incluindo o estudo do hipnotismo, sonambulismo e histeria (Alvarado, 2002). Entre os fundadores e membros da SPR encontravam-se defensores da possibilidade de sobrevivência e aqueles que não aceitavam tal hipótese (Gauld, 2012).

Entre os objetivos da SPR listados em sua fundação estava a pesquisa imparcial dos chamados problemas psíquicos, utilizando o mesmo espírito de exatidão da ciência. Textualmente:

“to approach these various problems without the prejudice or prepossession of any kind, and in the same spirit of exact and unimpassioned inquiry wich has enabled Science to solve so many problems, once not less obscure nor less hotly debated”. (Kelly e Kelly, 2007) (“para abordar esses vários problemas sem qualquer tipo de preconceito, e com o mesmo espírito de imparcialidade e exatidão que tem permitido à Ciência resolver tantos problemas, não menos obscuros e menos arduamente debatidos” – tradução livre).

Frederic Myers (1843-1901), além das atividades literárias e poéticas que o fizeram conhecido nos meios acadêmicos e literários, foi um dos fundadores da Society for Psychical Research (SPR) e seus trabalhos permitiram forte colaboração no campo científico da pesquisa da sobrevivência humana após a morte (James, 1901). Myers desenvolveu um conceito de inconsciente (Kelly e Alvarado, 2005), sendo reconhecido como um dos descobridores da mente subliminal (Ryan, 2010). Segundo Myers a 22 mente não se reduz ao cérebro e também é composta de uma parte que não

é imediatamente acessível à consciência (Myers, 1961; Alvarado, 2002;

2013a). Pode-se comparar o conceito de “self” subliminal com o inconsciente de Freud, uma vez que Myers o descreve como “casa do tesouro”, que age de modo autônomo e criativo (Halttunen, 1988).

Ressalta-se que Myers não se deteve ao estudo das manifestações alegadamente produzidas por espíritos, mas esses estudos o levaram também ao estudo das manifestações de subpersonalidades dos médiuns e dos automatismos produzidos pela mente encarnada (Alvarado, 2010b).

Sir William Barrett (1844-1925), físico, cujos trabalhos culminaram com o desenvolvimento do ferro-silicone, usado em transformadores e que permitiu a invenção do telefone (Tymn, 2002), também membro fundador da

SPR, foi pioneiro na Inglaterra no estudo das visões do leito de morte (Barret,

1926), tendo colaborado também estudos sobre manifestações mediúnicas

(Barrett, 1918).

Outro membro importante da SPR inglesa foi H. Sidgwik (1838-1900), professor em Cambridge que conduziu pesquisa ampla sobre percepções anômalas entre a população (Sidgwick et al., 1889; Research, 2009). O estudo consistiu de questionário elaborado pela Prof. Eleanor Sidgwick e foi aplicado por investigadores em uma população de 17000 pessoas no Reino

Unido. Relatos de sonhos e outras manifestações não-alucinatórias foram excluídos e, como resultado, demonstrou-se que 9,9% da população não institucionalizada do Reino Unido relatou algum tipo de manifestação alucinatória. O Census of Hallucination foi estudo multicêntrico decorrente de 23 pesquisas realizadas na Inglaterra, França, Alemanha e Estados Unidos

(Blom, 2009).

Uma detalhada análise do Census of Hallucination foi publicada por

Parish, na forma de livro: Hallucinations and illusions: A study of the fallacies of perception (Parish, 1902). O autor sugere que estados anormais da consciência seriam decorrentes de atividades cerebrais semelhantes aos que ocorrem no sonho.

Sir Oliver Lodge (1851-1940), físico, cujas pesquisas colaboraram para o desenvolvimento da radiofonia e transmissão sem fio, também se interessou pelas pesquisas psíquicas desde a década de 1880 (Raia, 2007), realizou experimentos com médiuns e posicionava-se favorável à crença na sobrevivência após a morte em conferências e livros (Tymn, 2002; Lodge,

2012). Sua formação acadêmica permitiu que elaborasse especulações científicas sobre o ectoplasma (substância vaporosa que se formaria em torno de alegados médiuns em sessões chamadas de materialização de espíritos (Doyle, 2008)) e a telecinesia (ação mecânica sem atuação e sem contato sobre objetos e pessoas (Richet, 2013) relacionando os fenômenos psíquicos com os fenômenos da eletricidade (Raia, 2007).

As proposições de Lodge são lembradas como especulações de aspecto religioso e das relações entre ciência e religião (Root, 1978; Raia,

2007).

Sir William Crookes (1832-1919), químico, conduziu pesquisas científicas que colaboraram para a descoberta dos Raios X (Woodruff, 1966).

Seus experimentos contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do radiômetro, com a descrição dos raios catódicos e a proposição de um quarto estado da 24 matéria (Crookes, 1874; 1879). O envolvimento de Crookes com o movimento espiritualista foi marcado também por críticas quanto ao método empregado nas pesquisas que conduziu nesse campo e acusações de parcialidade em suas análises de resultados (D'albe, 2013), com insinuações de um possível relacionamento com a médium Florence Cook (Brock, 2008).

1.1.1.1.2. Estados Unidos:

Na América, William James (1842-1910) ainda é lembrado por seus trabalhos em Psicologia (Simon, 1999). Foi um dos professores de Harvard mais conhecidos em todos os tempos e tido como um “herói intelectual” por conciliar a busca do conhecimento enquanto aceitava incertezas (Stone e

Stone, 2000). Sua colaboração no campo das pesquisas psíquicas foi inegável e relacionado com um empirismo radical (Bricklin, 2010; Junior et al.,

2013; Moreira-Almeida, Alexander, 2013).

William James relacionou-se intimamente com Frederic Myers (James,

1901) e participou da SPR inglesa (Junior et al., 2013), além da American

Society for Psychical Research (ASPR), da qual foi um de seus fundadores

(Hall et al., 1885). Se alguns autores questionam se William James realmente foi espiritualista (Roback, 1942), o próprio James admite essa dúvida (James,

1911).

Muito embora a contribuição do Espiritualismo Moderno para o desenvolvimento de ideias e conceitos em Psiquiatria e Psicologia, o estudo dos alegados fenômenos mediúnicos propiciaram a formulação do conceito de subconsciência ou mente subliminal e o estudo do transe mediúnico foi relacionado com dissociação da personalidade (histeria) (Alvarado et al.,

2007). A Psicologia americana e a europeia do início do século XX 25 combateram fortemente os espiritualistas, incluindo James, por tentar estabelecer-se como disciplina experimental e científica que tinha nas manifestações neurológicas o seu substrato (Coon, 1992).

J.H. Hyslop (1854-1920), filósofo, professor de Ética da Columbia

University, foi um dos fundadores da ASPR. Hyslop descreve que, “ante os fatos espirituais, existem dois modos de estudar tais fenômenos, o materialista, que nega a priori, e o que assume que existe um significado nas manifestações espirituais” (Hyslop, 1906).

Hyslop, como pesquisador psíquico, publicou estudo sobre visões no leito de morte (Alvarado, 2014b), por considerá-las fortes evidências da possível autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro e de sua possível sobrevivência após a morte. A tese de Hyslop foi combatida por Clarke, que apresentou argumentos fisiopatológicos sobre a morte cerebral como causa de alucinações no final da vida (Clarke, 1885).

Entre os que não consideravam os estudos dos chamados fenômenos espirituais, produzidos pelos médiuns, como importante para a Psicologia, está Hugo Münsterberg, psicólogo da Harvard University, que afirmou que “a psicologia científica não deve se ocupar de fenômenos místicos” (Coon,

1992; Sommer, 2012).

1.1.1.1.3. França:

Se o moderno espiritualismo tem suas origens fenomênicas nos

Estados Unidos (Braude, 2001), na França as manifestações mediúnicas encontraram em Hypolite Léon Denizard Rivail, ou Allan Kardec, um estudioso sistemático, que propôs fazer uso de uma metodologia de estudo criteriosa e com pretensão científica (Moreira-Almeida, 2008). 26

O pesquisador das Ciências Psíquicas mais laureado pela Ciência

Médica foi Charles Richet (1850-1935), agraciado com o Prêmio Nobel de

Medicina e Fisiologia em 1913 por seus estudos em anafilaxia (Mazana e

Ariño, 1991).

Richet foi um cientista criativo por não se deter em apenas uma área de estudo. Seu interesse ativo sobre o sonambulismo persistiu em paralelo com os estudos sobre anafilaxia e sobre vários outros temas. Foi autor de

700 publicações científicas, além de estudos literários e poéticos (Wolf, 1993;

Haas, 2001).

O interesse de Richet pelos estados diferenciados da consciência, ou do subconsciente da época, data do início de sua vida profissional. Em 1880 publicou estudo sobre o sonambulismo provocado, onde postula a hipótese de provocar-se estado de transe sonambúlico através da indução mental e discorre sobre a base fisiológica do sonambulismo (Richet, 1880).

Richet fez a proposição de uma nova área da ciência, que chamou

Metapsíquica, que teria por objetivo o estudo da Criptoestesia (termo amplo utilizado para designar experiências de clarividência, premonições, psicometria e telepatia), da Telecinesia e da Ectoplasmia (Richet, 1923). O

Instituto Metapsíquico Internacional foi fundado em Paris, em 1919, em moldes semelhantes aos da SPR, com objetivo de trazer um modelo de pesquisas psíquicas. Entretanto, teve curta duração, após frustradas tentativas de apresentar para o cenário científico mundial pesquisas sobre imortalidade (Lachapelle, 2005). Apesar de sua dedicação às pesquisas psíquicas, Charles Richet negava a possibilidade de sobrevivência após a morte (Richet, 2013). 27

Paul Gibier (1851-1900) foi diretor do Pasteur Institute em Nova York

(EUA) e tornou-se adepto das ideias espiritualistas. Em defesa de suas ideias, escreveu um artigo de divulgação publicado na The North American

Review Magazine onde propõe a ação social do médico como agente de uma transformação social pela erradicação de males causados pelo materialismo e cita a crença espiritualista como propositora de uma ordem social mais ajustada à saúde do homem e das nações (Gibier, 1895). O artigo citado não tem conotação científica e expressa as ideias pessoais de Gibier.

Gustave Geley (1868-1924) teve papel secundário entre os pesquisadores das ciências psíquicas na França. Em 1905, propôs que se reformulasse a metodologia de pesquisas até então utilizadas, visando maior proteção contra fraudes como forma de garantir credibilidade (Lachapelle,

2005), todavia as modificações por ele propostas não rompiam com o modelo até então adotado, onde a descrição dos fatos observados por pessoas consideradas idôneas era ponto primordial de fidedignidade dos resultados.

1.1.1.1.4. Itália:

Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), psiquiatra, antropólogo e higienista vienense, interessou-se pelas pesquisas psíquicas e analisou pessoalmente vários médiuns, incluindo Eusápia Palladino, tendo utilizado critérios médicos de análise como dinamômetros, cardiógrafos, eletroscópios e balanças

(Harris e Alvarado, 2014). Lombroso acreditava na veracidade do fenômeno analisado e também, em suas descrições detalhadas de médico e pesquisador, relatou dados sobre a saúde mental de Paladino, sugerindo que a médium apresentava sinais de histeria (Lombroso e Kennedy, 1909;

Alvarado, 2009a; 2011; Harris e Alvarado, 2014). 28

Outro psiquiatra italiano a interessar-se pelas pesquisas psíquicas foi

Enrico Morselli (1852-1929), que corroborou teoria que permitiu a Crawford associar ao ectoplasma analogia com mecanismo que funcionaria como uma espécie de alavanca psíquica, justificando supostos fenômenos de levitação

(Crawford, 1998; Alvarado, 2014a). Enrico Morselli, como Richet, defendia uma teoria psicodinâmica para justificar os fenômenos de efeito físico por ele estudados, sem aceitar a tese de manifestação de supostos espíritos desencarnados (Alvarado, 2011).

Ernesto Bozzano (1862-1943), professor de Filosofia da Ciência da

Universidade de Turim, foi correspondente de vários jornais espiritualistas e publicou considerável volume de livros, onde descreve experiências por ele testemunhadas, conduzidas e estudadas. Seu interesse e rigor de exame científicos o fez ser muito versátil nesse campo ao estudar em profundidade fenômenos de bilocação, experiências fora do corpo (EFC), experiências no leito de morte, mediunidade, fenômenos de materialização de espíritos, fotografia de espíritos. Bozzano foi tardiamente reconhecido pelos pesquisadores da imortalidade (Siegel e Hirschman, 1983; Alvarado, 1987;

2005; 2007; Leão e Lotufo Neto, 2007; Alvarado, 2013c) mas se destacou pelas extensas revisões realizadas e livros escritos sobre o tema e não propriamente por ser um pesquisador experimental (Alvarado, 2013c).

1.2. Telepatia e Percepção Extra-Sensorial:

William McDougall (1871-1938), segundo Egil Asprem (Asprem, 2010), teve papel destacado no desenvolvimento da parapsicologia por sustentar e defender a necessidade de aplicação de métodos da moderna psicologia para as pesquisas psíquicas. McDougall colaborou para o direcionamento 29 editorial do Journal of Parapsychology, que tinha a pretensão de se alinhar com as publicações acadêmicas aceitas como científicas (Broughton, 1987).

Em 1934, J. B. Rhine publicou a monografia Extra-Sensorial

Perception (Rhine, 1973; Gordon, 1982), cuja proposta foi a apresentação de metodologia para as pesquisas sobre Percepção Extra-Sensorial (PES), com utilização de critérios de validação científica em que se destacava a utilização de análise estatística para avaliação probabilística, utilização de procedimentos padrão paras as pesquisas (como a utilização de cartões em pesquisas de telepatia e clarividência), e consequente modificação do método utilizado pelos pesquisadores de fenômenos psíquicos até então

(Allison, 1979). Os trabalhos de Rhine tiveram suporte de McDougall

(Gordon, 1982), responsável pela cadeira de Psicologia da Universidade de

Duke nos Estados Unidos.

Segundo Alvarado (Alvarado, 2003), Rhine foi, inicialmente, influenciado pela tese da sobrevivência após a morte, todavia, sua ênfase nas pesquisas sobre telepatia criou uma mudança nas conclusões dos experimentos e análise de relatos de casos, substituindo a ação dos “mortos” pela atuação de telepatia e percepção super-extrassensorial (Stevenson,

1977b).

1.3. Panorama Atual das Publicações sobre Autonomia da

Consciência em Relação ao Cérebro:

Richard Lewontin (Lewontin, 1997), professor emérito de Harvard, em artigo escrito em revista popular de grande alcance nos Estados Unidos, ao analisar o livro de Carl Sagan “O Mundo Assombrado por Demônios”, reforça a sua convicção materialística como única forma de conhecimento científico; 30 os demônios listados por Sagan em seu livro (as crenças em visitas de extra- terrestres, fenômenos telepáticos e percepção extra-sensorial, espiritualismo, entre outros) devem ser combatidos e estatui que os materialistas devem rejeitar aprioristicamente toda e qualquer evidência do sobrenatural, ou seja, os demônios acima listados, pois não podem permitir um “pé divino” na porta.

Newberg relata que as chamadas experiências espirituais sofrem críticas metodológicas apriorísticas (Newberg e Lee, 2005), confirmando que as restrições de Lewontin contra as pesquisas que tentam abordar temas considerados como metafísicos são relevantes mas não necessariamente científicas.

Apesar da forte oposição dos meios acadêmicos e da grande dificuldade em publicação de resultados, as pesquisas sobre imortalidade não tiveram solução de continuidade, muito embora tenha ocorrido marcante declínio ao longo do século XX (Cardeña, 2014).

Ian Stevenson (1918-2007) foi um dos pesquisadores em imortalidade mais influentes da atualidade. Suas pesquisas abrangeram vários tópicos.

Apesar da notoriedade em pesquisas sobre reencarnação, foi um dos pioneiros em Experiências de Quase-Morte, além de ter pesquisado

Telepatia, Mediunidade e Experiências Anômalas. Em um de seus últimos artigos, Stevenson relata seus 50 anos de atividade como pesquisador de fenômenos paranormais (Stevenson, 2007). Stevenson mereceu homenagem póstuma do Journal of Scientific Explorations, que lhe dedicou toda uma edição (Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2008), composta de

26 artigos e um editorial. 31

Stevenson atuou em praticamente todas as áreas de investigação da imortalidade, quais sejam, mediunidade (Stevenson, 1973; Haraldsson e

Stevenson, 1974; Stevenson, 1990b), experiências de quase-morte

(Stevenson e Greyson, 1979; Greyson e Stevenson, 1980; Pasricha e

Stevenson, 1986; Stevenson, Cook, et al., 1989; Owens et al., 1990;

Kellehear et al., 1994; Cook et al., 1998; Kelly et al., 2000; Athappilly et al.,

2006; Fleck et al., 2008), experiências no leito de morte(Stevenson, 1983b), experiências fora do corpo(Stevenson e Cook, 1995), fenômenos de transe e possessão(Stevenson, 1976; Azuma e Stevenson, 1988; Stevenson,

Pasricha, et al., 1989) e, principalmente, reencarnação – memórias sugestivas de vidas passadas (Stevenson, 1966; 1970; Stevenson e Story,

1970; Pasricha e Stevenson, 1977; Stevenson, 1977a; 1983a; 1985; 1986;

Chadha e Stevenson, 1988; Lan Stevenson e Samararatni21, 1988;

Stevenson e Samararatne, 1988; Stevenson, 1990a; Stevenson e Chadha,

1990; Stevenson, 1993; 1994; Stevenson e Cook, 1995; Keil e Stevenson,

1999; Stevenson, 1999; Stevenson e Keil, 2000).

1.4. Imortalidade na literatura biomédica:

No contexto atual, a literatura biomédica registra artigos sobre supostas evidências da imortalidade do ser humano após a morte, notadamente publicados em revistas indexadas em importantes bancos de artigos biomédicos. As principais linhas de pesquisas acerca desse assunto serão reportadas abaixo:

1.4.1. Mediunidade:

A mediunidade, ou alegada capacidade de comunicar-se com os mortos, é melhor definida como “um conjunto de experiências nas quais um 32 indivíduo (o médium) alega entrar em contato com, ou estar sob, o controle da personalidade de uma pessoa já falecida” (Moreira-Almeida, 2012).

Ainda que mantenha ligações estreitas com os domínios das ciências sociais e da religião, a mediunidade mereceu atenção científica e tem influenciado a psiquiatria a partir da segunda metade do século XIX e no início do século XX (De Almeida e Neto, 2004; Alvarado et al., 2007).

Allan Kardec, pseudônimo do professor francês Hypolite Léon

Denizard Rivail, interessou-se pelo estudo das alegadas manifestações das personalidades tidas como mortas e criou metodologia sistemática para pesquisa da mediunidade, e é considerado como um dos pioneiros na proposta de investigação científica da mediunidade (Moreira-Almeida, 2008).

Porém, para grande parte dos autores, o estudo científico da mediunidade teve início com os trabalhos da SPR, em 1882 (Stevenson,

1977b; Alvarado, 2002; 2003; Kelly e Alvarado, 2005; Alvarado et al., 2007;

Alvarado, 2009b; Research, 2009; Alvarado, 2013a).

A relação entre mediunidade e as manifestações neurológicas que se expressam de variadas maneiras, conhecidas à época como histeria e automatismos fisiológicos foi alvo contínuo de investigação da SPR e, segundo Alvarado, teve importante papel na história da Psiquiatria (Alvarado,

2002). Acrescenta-se também a potencial influência da mediunidade no desenvolvimento das neurociências, pela colaboração na compreensão das relações mente-cérebro (Moreira-Almeida, 2012; Moreira-Almeida, Alexander,

2013), no desenvolvimento de idéias e nosologias psiquiátricas (Alvarado et al., 2007; Le Maléfan et al., 2013). 33

A mediunidade foi o alvo das investigações da SPR (Oppenheim,

1988) e o já referido “Censo das Alucinações” pode ser descrito como o primeiro estudo transversal sobre mediunidade (Blom, 2009).

A associação entre mediunidade e doenças mentais foi postulada pela literatura médica e por profissionais de saúde (Alvarado, 1982a; Moreira-

Almeida et al., 2005; De Almeida, 2007; Alvarado, 2010a; b; Alvarado e

Zingrone, 2012). O estudo das manifestações não-usuais da consciência, conduzido entre 1889 e 1892 pela SPR com o título “Census of Wake hallucinations” não descartava a possibilidade da associação entre o que pode ser chamado fenômeno mediúnico de alucinação patológica (Blom,

2009). A excitação cerebral poderia ser a causa dos supostos fenômenos mediúnicos (Oppenheim, 1988; Wolf, 1993; Alvarado, 2011; Morselli, 2011).

As pesquisas de médiuns e manifestações alegadas como fenômenos de supostas manifestações de espíritos sempre estiveram sujeitas a fraudes.

As metodologias aplicadas desde o século XIX tinham por objetivo verificar se tais manifestações, chamadas mediúnicas, eram ou não fraudulentas.

Fraude sempre esteve presente como argumento contrário aos vários estudos descritivos de casos de mediunidade surgidos na literatura científica do final do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX. Casos como o da médium Margery, acusada de fraude pelo casal Rhine, é apenas um entre vários casos publicados na literatura científica (Rhine e Rhine, 1927). Outro caso que chamou a atenção de pesquisadores de sua época foi o de fraude que envolveu o filósofo e pesquisador H. H. Price e o médium Rudi Schneider

(Gregory, 1977). 34

Eusapia Palladino (1854-1918), médium italiana capaz de produzir grande variedade de manifestações, participou de dezenas de estudos e os resultados sugestivos de manifestações de supostos “espíritos” foram maculados também pela ocorrência de manifestações fraudulentas (Alvarado,

1993; 2011). Alvarado cita a análise médica de Eusapia Palladino, conduzida por Morselli, que relatou diagnóstico de diabetes e sinais de histeria

(Alvarado, 2011)

As metodologias aplicadas para análise de médiuns geraram controvérsias importantes nos resultados das pesquisas sobre mediunidade.

Se as denúncias de fraude tornaram-se frequentes (Lamont e Lamont, 2004), fenômenos onde a fraude não pode ser detectada fizeram que a possibilidade de realidade permanecesse e dirigisse o foco para pesquisas envolvendo telepatia (Mulacz, 2005) e recepção de informações anômalas, um termo que compreende a mediunidade sem descartar telepatia (Milton e Wiseman,

1999).

O conceito de mediunidade descrito por Moreira-Almeida (Moreira-

Almeida, 2012) é neutro sobre a causa última da experiência. Entre as causas de tal experiências pode-se relacionar: manifestações telepáticas, manifestações do inconsciente, alucinações, fraude e também a de manifestação de pessoas alegadamente desencarnadas.

Os estudos científicos sobre mediunidade tem resultados controversos, com questionamentos metodológicos e de resultados (O'keeffe e Wiseman, 2005; Beischel e Schwartz, 2007; Kelly e Arcangel, 2011).

Uma forma de controle aplicado em pesquisas são metodologias de estudos cegos. Um estudo pode ser cego para os participantes, para os 35 pesquisadores, para os analistas de resultados, ou para todos esses integrantes. Estudos cegos aumentam o nível de evidência das pesquisas

(Schulz e Grimes, 2002).

Estudos duplo ou triplo-cegos em mediunidade (Beischel e Schwartz,

2007), prece (Collipp, 1969; Dusek et al., 2002) e cura à distância (Astin et al., 2000) geraram perspectivas promissoras pela metodologia aplicada, mas ainda conflitantes.

Recentemente a mediunidade foi analisada como manifestação natural e distinta de transtorno dissociativo e psiquiátrico (Moreira-Almeida et al.,

2007; Hageman et al., 2010), e há evidência sugestivas que os médiuns tem melhores indicadores de saúde mental em relação à população em geral

(Moreira-Almeida, A. et al., 2008), todavia o estudo focou médiuns e não o produto da alegada mediunidade.

Estudo de neuroimagem avaliou tipo específico de manifestação mediúnica, psicografia ou escrita automática, e sugeriu que a escrita durante transe mediúnico provoca alterações em áreas cerebrais distintas das ativadas durante a escrita consciente (Peres et al., 2012).

A alegada capacidade de receber informações de espíritos desencarnados através da psicografia do médium brasileiro conhecido como

Chico Xavier, foi analisada utilizando-se instrumentos para avaliação da acurácia de cartas supostamente psicografadas pelo médium que teriam sido escritas por um alegado espírito; os resultados foram publicados na literatura médica (Rocha et al., 2014). Outro estudo analisou informações sobre a glândula pineal e publicada em livros da década de 1940, alegadamente 36 recebidas através da psicografia do mesmo médium brasileiro (Lucchetti,

Giancarlo et al., 2013).

1.4.2. Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM):

As características das experiências vividas por pessoas que sobreviveram após a morte clínica foram nomeadas de Experiência de

Quase-Morte (EQM) por Moody Jr (Greyson, 2007). Moody descreveu 15 características comuns aos americanos que relataram ter tido EQM

(Athappilly et al., 2006; Lommel, 2010), sendo elas:

(1) Inefabilidade, dificuldade em descrever a experiência

linguisticamente; (2) escutar os relatos da própria morte pronunciada

pela equipe médica, familiares ou outros; (3) sensação de paz

contagiante; (4) barulhos, algumas vezes descritos como música bela

ou sirenes e campainhas desagradáveis; (5) sensação de túnel ou

lugar escuro e fechado; (6) sensação de estar fora do corpo, algumas

vezes acompanhada da visão do próprio corpo em outro local,

algumas vezes acompanhadas de sensações e emoções não

pertencentes ao corpo físico; (7) encontro com seres espirituais,

algumas vezes não identificados mas outras vezes identificados como

seres desencarnados ou figuras religiosas; 8) um “Ser de Luz”, com

frequência descrito como entidade amorosa que manifesta luz

sobrenatural e brilhante; (9) revisão da própria vida, algumas vezes

sob a tutela do “Ser de Luz” e algumas vezes acompanhada de

sensação de julgamento; (10) uma fronteira que demarca os limites

entre a vida terrestre e a vida após a morte; (11) retorno à vida,

algumas vezes descrito como tomada de decisão de voltar ao corpo ou 37

ter sido enviado de volta involuntariamente; (12) dizer aos outros sobre

a experiência e frequentemente receber reprovação pelos relatos; (13)

efeitos sobre a própria vida, com frequência descrito como interesse

em assuntos de espiritualidade, aumento da valorização da vida, amor

aos outros; (14) diminuição do medo da morte e convicção na

sobrevivência após a morte; (15) confirmação por parte da equipe

médica e dos familiares que os conhecimentos adquiridos pelo

experimentador durante o evento descrito não pôde ser obtido por vias

normais de percepção (Moody, 1979).

Os relatos de experiências no limiar da morte antecedem a denominação de Moody. Relatos de experiências do tipo das descritas como

EQM datam de 1858, pelo Almirante Francis Beaufort que sobreviveu a um afogamento (Stevenson e Cook, 1995). Relatos anedóticos sobre EQM dão conta da ocorrência desse tipo de fenômeno desde a Idade Média (Zaleski,

1988) e o mito de Er, descrito por Platão em “A República” pode ser considerado um relato de EQM (Van Der Sluijs, 2009).

Alvarado (Alvarado, 2005; 2006) chama a atenção para os relatos de

Bozzano e Barret sobre experiências chamadas de crise da morte e que apresentam correspondência com as EQM pelos relatos de experiências fora do corpo, mas foram pouco valorizadas pelos pesquisadores atuais e

Gasperini (Gasperini, 2011) também ressalta o trabalho pioneiro de Bozzano ao descrever fenômenos no leito de morte que se assemelham às EQM.

Desde a descrição de Moody, a literatura médica produziu centenas de artigos sobre EQM, a maioria deles, estudos descritivos de relatos/séries de casos e transversais. Em um estudo recente, Sleutjes et al. (2014) identificou 38

266 artigos sobre EQM no banco Web of Knowledge, com predomínio de artigos de opinião (resenhas de livros, comentários e editoriais), artigos de revisão e de descrição fenomenológica. Entretanto, esses autores observaram um aumento do número de estudos transversais e longitudinais desde o ano 2000.

A venda do livro de Moody superou 10 milhões de cópias nos Estados

Unidos e cerca de 8 milhões de americanos relataram ter tido EQM

(Athappilly et al., 2006). Para avaliar os relatos de EQM e avaliar as supostas experiências em seus vários aspectos, Ring propôs uma escala que denominou Weight Core Experience Index (WCEI) (Ring, 1982), baseado nas quinze características descritas por Moody Jr., Essa escala incluía como experiências reais aquelas que atingiam escores iguais ou superiores a 7

(Lommel, 2010).

Greyson modificou a escala WCEI visando eliminar possibilidade de relatos falso-positivos (Greyson, 1983). A escala de Greyson permite avaliar população para ocorrência de EQM (Lommel, 2010).

Estima-se que a EQM ocorre entre 10 a 18% de todos os casos de ressuscitação exitosa de PCR (Van Lommel et al., 2001; Greyson, 2003;

2007; Lommel, 2010).

Estudo prospectivo publicado por Van Lommel e colaboradores em

2001 (Van Lommel et al., 2001), acompanhou durante até 8 anos 344 sobreviventes de parada cardio-respiratória e destes, 62 (ou 18%) relataram

EQM, definida como “relato de memória de todas as impressões durante estado especial de consciência”. Dos pacientes acompanhados por Van

Lommel, 56% relataram emoções positivas com a EQM, 50% tiveram 39 sensação de estarem mortos e 32% relataram ter encontrado pessoas já falecidas durante a experiência (Van Lommel et al., 2001; Lommel, 2010).

Os relatos da população infantil que tratam da ocorrência de EQM sugerem que as crianças que sofreram EQM descrevem as mesmas características apontadas pelos adultos, como a passagem por um túnel de luz e o encontro com um ser de luz (Morse, 1983; Morse et al., 1985; Morse et al., 1986; Serdahely, 1990).

Fatores culturais parecem não influenciar nas descrições dos pacientes que sofreram EQM (Blackmore, 1993) (Kellehear et al., 1994).

Pasricha e Stevenson identificaram diferenças culturais entre os relatos dos indianos que sofreram EQM em relação aos americanos, mas alertaram sobre as experiências apresentarem natureza semelhante entre culturas, diferindo apenas em detalhes (Pasricha e Stevenson, 1986).

O termo EQM foi considerado como insuficiente para descrever os fenômenos que podem ocorrer durante a parada cardio-respiratória (PCR), pois na PCR per si podem ocorrer percepções visuais ou auditivas sem que ocorram os fenômenos normalmente relacionados com a EQM (Parnia e

Parnia, 2007).

Publicação recente teve como objetivo avaliar a incidência de percepções conscientes durante PCR e a ressuscitação, porém, apesar do design apropriado, os resultados não permitiram análises detalhadas dos relatos de EQM, todavia permitiram avaliar fenômenos de consciência desperta durante a PCR, como experiências auditivas, por exemplo (Parnia et al., 2014). 40

Não existe ainda o conhecimento dos mecanismos que levam aos processos cognitivos das EQM e entre as postulações encontram-se alterações eletrofisiológicas do Lobo Temporal (Persinger, 1983; Britton e

Bootzin, 2004), hipóxia decorrente da PCR (Martens, 1994), ativação de múltiplos receptores, como o Receptor-NDMA, receptor serotoninérgico, dentre outros (Parnia et al., 2007).

As principais críticas à hipótese da consciência como função independente do funcionamento cerebral em estudos sobre EQM são relacionadas a alterações cerebrais durante a parada cárdio-respiratória.

A hipótese de hipóxia durante a parada cardíaca como causa dos relatos de EQM devido ao efeito tóxico da hipercarbia e hipoxemia provocarem alucinações, foi citado por Martens como argumento contrário à hipótese de fenômeno de consciência durante a PCR, como função independente do cérebro (Martens, 1994) e autores como Rodin descrevem os relatos como corolários de uma psicose tóxica(Rodin, 1980).

Efeitos produzidos pela ketamina, agente anestésico utilizado durante

PCR, através de atuação em áreas cerebrais, como hipocampo, podem provocar experiências semelhantes às relatadas pelos pacientes que alegaram ter apresentado EQM (Jansen, 1997).

O que se deve ressaltar é que os modelos neurobiológicos apresentados, ainda que ofereçam hipótese que as alterações sugestivas de persistência de fenômenos da consciência durante a parada cardio- respiratória sejam fenômenos cerebrais, não conseguem descartar que tais evidências de atividades cognitivas possam ocorrer de modo independente do cérebro (Saavedra-Aguilar e Gómez-Jeria, 1989). 41

Os estudos sobre EQM podem ser considerados como instrumentos para analisar a hipótese da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro, como a ampliação da consciência em período crítico do organismo, descrição de experiência fora do corpo e percepção de fatos que ocorrem próximo ou remotamente ao corpo e descrição de conhecimento de eventos não acessíveis pelos sentidos usuais da pessoa (Kelly et al., 2000). O estudo das publicações originais na literatura científica sobre EQM é importante para avaliar hipótese que possa sugerir evidências científicas sobre a sobrevivência.

1.4.3. Experiências no final da vida (EFV), visões no leito de morte, lucidez terminal:

Entre os estudiosos das experiências no leito de morte, destaca-se os trabalhos pioneiros de Barret, na Inglaterra (Barrett, 1918; Barret, 1926);

Ernesto Bozzano, na Itália (Bozzano, 1982; Siegel e Hirschman, 1983;

Alvarado, 2007) e Hyslop, nos Estados Unidos (Hyslop, 1906; Alvarado,

2014b).

Osis (Osis, 1961), entre 1959 e 1960 obteve informações de 640 médicos e enfermeiras sobre visões no leito de morte de pacientes terminais e replicou o mesmo trabalho em 1977, abrangendo pacientes de duas culturas distintas, Estados Unidos e Índia, e os resultados foram coincidentes, demonstrando que as supostas visões no leito de morte eram predominantemente de figuras humanas (Osis e Haraldsson, 1977).

As visões de leito de morte são tratadas por alguns como efeito de alucinações que confortam (Houran e Lange, 1997), afirmação contestada por outros, uma vez que existem evidências que algumas visões no leito de 42 morte podem corresponder a evento real confirmado e que ocorre à distância, não sendo fruto de alucinação (Mazzarino-Willett, 2010; Fenwick e Brayne,

2011).

As EFV consistem de fenômenos mais amplos que as visões no leito de morte e incluem a habilidade de transitar a outra realidade, aparições do moribundo a pessoas amadas coincidentes com o momento da morte, coincidências outras que ocorrem na hora relatada da morte (Fenwick et al.,

2010).

As aparições que os pacientes relatam nos momentos finais e próximos à morte, trazem conforto por significarem uma despedida (Fenwick e Brayne, 2011). As comunicações no leito de morte podem gerar conforto ao morrer (Lawrence e Repede, 2013).

Uma das características das chamadas experiências do leito de morte

é o emergir de um estado mental normal ou ampliado, em pacientes até então inconscientes ou com alterações mentais impeditivas de lucidez, imediatamente antes da morte e que se caracteriza por uma suposta elevação espiritual e ampliação do humor, sendo esse estado chamado lucidez terminal (Nahm, 2009). Os casos de LT reacendem o questionamento da primazia do cérebro sobre a consciência e destacam a capacidade de a consciência não se deter aos impedimentos cerebrais em situações extremas, sugerindo autonomia da consciência sobre o seu órgão de expressão.

Como as experiências no leito de morte são geralmente relatadas por cuidadores, Fenwick e Brayne criaram um manual para cuidadores (Brayne e

Fenwick, 2008). 43

As EFV são campo de pesquisa para o estudo da possível autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro. A metodologia aplicada à maioria desses estudos é baseada em relatos de cuidadores e de pacientes em estado terminal. A descrição de visões no leito de morte, por pacientes terminais são descritas como comparáveis a uma alucinação (Osis e

Haraldsson, 1977), porém diferem do estado patológico por serem associadas com atitudes como paz interior e aceitação da morte (Brayne et al., 2008). A atitude intempestiva de sedação ou uso de antipsicóticos prescritos pela equipe médica a pacientes no momento da morte por diagnosticarem possível sofrimento, podem comprometer a apreciação do fenômeno em mais larga escala.

Avaliação da literatura permite selecionar estudos prospectivos de

EFV que parecem contribuir de forma significativa ao propósito desta revisão sistemática.

1.4.4. Experiências fora do corpo (EFC):

A experiência fora do corpo, definida como “episódio breve no qual o self é percebido fora do corpo” (De Ridder et al., 2007), pode ocorrer de forma autônoma e espontânea (Smith e Irwin, 1981; Blackmore, S. J., 1986), ou induzida por substâncias diversas, como ketamina (Wilkins et al., 2011).

As EFC são um dos componentes das EQM (Lommel, 2010) e podem ocorrer em casos de doenças como enxaqueca (Irwin, 1983), epilepsia (Heydrich et al., 2011), síncope cardiogênica (Brandt et al., 2009) ou como manifestação paranormal, sem associação com doenças (Alvarado, 1982b). O termo autoscopia, também utilizado pelos pesquisadores na área, refere-se à 44 impressão de ver o corpo de uma perspectiva visual e espacial distante e elevada e pode ser considerada equivalente às EFC (De Ridder et al., 2007).

Relatos de EFC e fenômenos de autoscopia ocorrem em casos de transtornos mentais e neurológicos (Blanke e Mohr, 2005), todavia existem evidências que esses fenômenos podem ocorrer em transtornos psiquiátricos e serem caracterizados como manifestação não patológica e não relacionada

à doença (Blackmore, S., 1986).

Pessoas normais que relataram ao menos uma experiência de EFC, quando comparado com voluntários que não relataram tal experiência, apresentaram escores mais elevados em uma escala de esquizotipia

(Mccreery e Claridge, 2002). Outros autores sugerem que a esquizotipia, como mediadora entre experiências paranormais e sensação de bem estar emocional, relaciona-se com experiências agradáveis classificadas nessas condições como esquizotipia positiva, distinta da esquizotipia negativa, em que há desorganização cognitiva e é associada a possível transtorno mental

(Schofield e Claridge, 2007).

Os resultados gerados ao se utilizar “autoscopia“ como termo de pesquisa na literatura científica, são relacionados, com mais frequência, a transtornos psiquiátricos e neurológicos. Grotstein (Grotstein, 1983), em revisão de literatura e análise de oito casos, concluiu que a autoscopia é mais frequente do que geralmente se percebe e pode ocorrer em estados borderline e em desordens do Sistema Nervoso Central. Maillard concluiu que a autoscopia apresenta um componente ictal e relacionou com convulsões do lobo parietal (Maillard et al., 2004). Todavia, Ring propôs o 45 termo (autoscopia) para definir possíveis EFC que ocorrem durante as EQM

(Ring, 1982).

A escassez de estudos controlados sobre EFC dificulta esse campo de experiências psíquicas como fonte de literatura científica sobre evidências de sobrevivência após a morte. Os estudos sobre EFC com pessoas normais geralmente são estudos transversais e não controlados, onde os sujeitos pesquisados geralmente respondem a questionários sobre as possíveis experiências (Twemlow et al., 1982).

1.4.5. Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP ou Reencarnação):

A ideia da reencarnação pode ser apresentada como “hipótese explanadora de vários aspectos da personalidade humana, não esclarecidos de modo satisfatório pelas teorias em voga” (Stevenson, 1977a).

Os estudos que sugerem reencarnação inicialmente se concentraram em relatos de casos de memória espontânea sugestiva de lembranças de vidas passadas (Stevenson, 2006).

As pesquisas de Stevenson no campo de memórias sugestivas de vidas passadas teve metodologia de investigação minuciosa do relato de crianças de várias partes do mundo que evocaram memórias que poderiam corresponder a outra personalidade que teria vivido anteriormente e que possivelmente animava o corpo da criança sob análise (Stevenson, 2000).

Todavia, a publicação de grande número de trabalhos sobre investigações da hipótese reencarnação sugerem que tal tópico pode ser um tema de investigação científica e não apenas componente de um sistema de crenças religiosas (Mills et al., 1994). 46

O tipo de morte da suposta personalidade anterior, evocada por memórias sugestivas de vidas passadas, relatadas por crianças, tendem a ser do tipo violenta, como assassinatos e acidentes (Chadha e Stevenson,

1988).

A ocorrência de marcas de nascença, geralmente nevos pigmentados e moluscos, podem correlacionar-se com descrição de achados em autópsia da alegada personalidade anterior, correlacionando-se com o tipo de morte violenta e ocorrem em até 35% das crianças que lembram de supostas vidas passadas (Stevenson, 1993).

As lembranças sugestivas de vidas passadas, evocadas por métodos de regressão de memória, são controversos e questionáveis (Stevenson,

1994). Excepcionalmente se relacionam com inexplicadas e raras alterações orgânicas (anatômicas e funcionais) (Lucchetti, Giancarlo et al., 2013).

A criação de memórias falsas, principalmente induzidas por psicoterapia e hipnose, é estudado na literatura médica (Spanos et al., 1999) e no caso de lembrança de vidas passadas, a possibilidade de memórias falsas é sempre aventada (Meyersburg et al., 2009), principalmente em lembranças de adultos e em hipnose.

Fato marcante quando se analisa lembranças espontâneas em crianças são os indícios que as supostas memórias de vidas passadas apresentadas durante a infância permanecem na fase adulta (Haraldsson e

Abu-Izzedin, 2012).

1.4.6. Fenômeno de Transe e Possessão Espiritual (TPE):

Possessão espiritual refere-se, de modo geral, à pressão exercida sobre o ser humano por forças externas, ou entidades mais poderosas que 47 ela própria (Boddy, 1994). A Classificação Internacional das Doenças (CID-

10) define o transtorno de Transe e Possessão como:

“Desordens nas quais existe uma perda temporária tanto do senso da identidade pessoal e total consciência do que ocorre ao redor; em alguns casos, o indivíduo age como se tomado por outra personalidade, espírito, divindade ou “força”. A atenção e a consciência podem estar limitadas ou concentradas sobre um ou dois aspectos do ambiente e existe com frequencia uma repetição limitada de movimentos, posturas e verbalizações.

Somente os transtornos de transe que são involuntários ou indesejados e que infringem em atividades ordinárias ocorrendo em ambientes (ou como sendo uma extensão de) religiosos ou outras situações culturalmente aceitas, devem ser incluídas sob esse termo.” (World Health Organization, 1992).

Ocupa papel importante no estudo comparado das religiões, na fenomenologia religiosa, na sociologia das religiões, na antropologia e na psicologia (Lewis, 1966). É prevalente em certas culturas ancestrais e modernas, orientais e africanas (Lewis, 1966; Betty, 2005) mas também apresenta interesse médico por suas repercussões orgânicas e psíquicas

(Freed e Freed, 1964; Kenny, 1981; Castillo, 1994).

Estados alterados de consciência, que sugerem possessão espiritual, como os da mediunidade, podem ser utilizados em setting terapêutico

(Simões, 2002), mas há carência de estudos científicos prospectivos, amplos, sobre o tema.

Em uma parcela da população, notadamente em alguns grupos culturais, estados dissociativos facilmente confundidos com transtornos psicóticos, ocorrem em pessoas que não são portadoras de doenças 48 psiquiátricas e diferenciar experiências espirituais de transtornos psiquiátricos

é um desafio à Psiquiatria (Moreira-Almeida e Cardeña, 2011).

Como indício de autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro, o tema apresenta algumas referências que necessitam de validação em outras culturas, mas sugerem características que devem ser ressaltadas.

Moreira-Almeida e colaboradores (Moreira-Almeida et al., 2007) examinaram médiuns brasileiros, que apesar de apresentarem pontuações altas pelo SRQ (que sugeriria doença mental), obtiveram melhores índices de qualidade de vida, e de ajustamento socio-cultural, tornando pouco provável o diagnóstico de doença mental pelos critérios atualmente disponíveis, em população específica. O mesmo achado foi encontrado pelo autor quando comparou médiuns brasileiros com americanos portadores de Transtornos

Dissociativos(Moreira-Almeida, A. et al., 2008). Em revisão de literatura, o mesmo autor sugere novas direções metodológicas para diferenciar experiências espirituais de transtornos dissociativos(Menezes Júnior e

Moreira-Almeida, 2009).

O tópico de estudo oferece algumas evidências que podem indicar autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro.

1.4.7. Relação Mente-Cérebro (RMC), Transcomunicação (TC),

Detecção de Espíritos (DE):

A suposta comunicação direta com seres espirituais, através de instrumentos, transcomunicação instrumental, fez que alguns autores sugerissem a argumentação da consciência independente do cérebro e sua possível sobrevivência após a morte (Laszlo, 2008). 49

Pesquisadores independentes relataram insucesso em tentar replicar estudos de transcomunicação de diversas formas (Baruæss, 2001). Estudos com design bem elaborado, utilizando metodologia adequada, tiveram resultados controversos (Boccuzzi e Beischel, 2011).

O tópico de estudo sofre com a escassez de publicações e a natural dificuldade metodológica de aplicação de critérios válidos para análise de resultados, como controle de interferências, reconhecimento de vozes e identificação das supostas entidades desencarnadas que se comunicam através de instrumentos.

50

2. Justificativa:

Desde o século XIX a literatura científica tem publicado artigos de revisão, descrição de casos e pesquisas de experiências sugestivas da possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro.

Ao longo das décadas, várias categorias de experiências foram descritas, em vários campos da Medicina, notadamente nas áreas de psiquiatria e neurologia.

O crescimento do número de publicações científicas em campos onde a possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro possa ser aventada, se não diretamente, mas através da especulação a partir dos relatos e dos resultados, justifica a necessidade de se conhecer um possível campo de pesquisas que englobe as variadas formas de experiências relacionadas à possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro. Esse campo, que se interrelaciona com as várias especialidades médicas e também com áreas das Ciências Sociais, como Psicologia,

Antropologia, Ciências da Religião, reúne as experiências em Mediunidade,

Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM), Experiências no Final da Vida (EFV),

Experiências fora do corpo (EFC), Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP, ou reencarnação), Possessão Espiritual, e outros, como Relação Mente-

Cérebro, Transcomunicação Instrumental e Detecção de Espíritos (DE).

Bibliometria como campo de pesquisa teve crescimento expressivo nos últimos 20 anos (Thompson e Walker, 2015). Bibliometria representa, para as publicações científicas, o que a epidemiologia representa para os pacientes (Lewison e Devey, 1999). Em um campo que enfrenta conhecida resistência para publicação de pesquisas, todavia apresenta expressivo 51 crescimento (Cardeña, 2014), torna-se de importante necessidade um estudo bibliométrico que avalie as publicações na área, em todos os períodos da produção científica, nos principais bancos de dados.

Compreender os tipos de estudos, principais temas, desenhos metodológicos, principais autores, países e periódicos relacionados a essas pesquisas é de grande importância para se conhecer o estado da arte no campo, determinar possíveis lacunas de investigação e limitações metodológicas, o que auxiliará a traçar futuras direções para esse campo de pesquisa. Porém, não identificamos na literatura um estudo que tenha traçado um panorama dos principais artigos sobre o tema por meio da consulta dos principais bancos de artigos científicos, permitindo uma compreensão abrangente desse campo.

52

3. Objetivos:

O presente estudo objetiva fazer um levantamento bibliométrico das publicações que investigaram experiências habitualmente associadas à possibilidade da existência da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro nas principais bases de dados científicos.

53

4. Métodos:

4.1. Tipo de estudo:

Para o presente estudo, conceituou-se bibliometria como a “análise quantitativa das características bibliográficas de um determinado campo da literatura” (Hawkins, 1977). A bibliometria baseia-se na utilização de dados bibliográficos dos artigos em análise (autores, títulos, ano, tipos de artigos, palavras-chave, dentre outros) (Carrizo-Sainero, 2000) e da influência de uma publicação (através de medidas específicas, como fator de impacto por exemplo) (Pinto e Andrade, 1999), para permitir o mapeamento da produção literária em um determinado campo e para determinar a estrutura de um campo de estudo (Estabrooks et al., 2004) , podendo contribuir para destacar a relevância de uma disciplina na ciência (Similowski e Derenne, 1995).

4.2. Estratégia de Pesquisa:

Os termos gerais de pesquisa, ou termos-chave, foram estabelecidos a partir de uma revisão prévia sobre os principais subtemas da área e deliberou-se por consultar outros pesquisadores com experiência na área com o objetivo de confirmar a relevância dos termos-chave estabelecidos em identificar a maior parte dos estudos relevantes sobre o tema publicados na literatura científica.

Cada termo-chave correspondeu às diversas experiências e condições relatadas na literatura científica onde a autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro possa ser postulada pelas publicações por eles geradas em cada banco de dados escolhido.

Definiu-se como termos-chave principais: Mediunidade, Experiências de

Quase-Morte, Experiências no Final da Vida, Experiências Fora do Corpo, 54

Memórias de Vidas Passadas, Fenômenos de Transe/Possessão, Detecção de Espíritos, Transcomunicação Instrumental, Relação Mente-Cérebro.

Utilizou a língua inglesa para os temas-chaves de pesquisa de cada área, que foram ampliados para resgatar o maior número possível de publicações nos bancos de dados da literatura científica e para isso foram divididos em subtemas distintos que estão apresentados na Tabela 1.

Para analisar os resultados da pesquisa, procedeu-se a análise de todos os resultados através leitura dos abstracts gerados, para classificação dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão.

Tabela 1: Palavras-Chave utilizadas para a pesquisa

Palavras-chave Near-death experiences Near-death experience [title] Near-death experiences [title] Dying brain [title] Out-of-body experiences Out-of-body experiences [title] Out-of-body experience [title] Anomalous bodily experiences Anomalous subjective experience Autoscopy Autoscopic phenomena End-of-life experiences End-of-life experiences [title] End-of-life experience [title] Hallucinations near death Awareness near death Deathbed Visions Terminal lucidity Possession Spirit possession [title] Possession trance Dissociative Trance Disorder Reincarnation (Past-life memories) Past-life memories Reincarnation [title] Past-lives Previous Lives [title] Mediumship Mediumship Mediumistic 55

Extra-sensory perception Anomalous information reception Psychography OR psychographed Spirit detection Spirit [title] AND presence [title] Spirit [title] AND detection [title] Transcommunication Transcommunication Fields Mind-Brain Relationship [title] Consciousness [title]

4.3. Banco de dados científicos:

Para que a busca fosse abrangente (incluindo bases interdisciplinares e ligadas à medicina e psicologia, incluindo parapsicologia) e, ao mesmo tempo se restringisse a artigos publicados em periódicos científicos com reconhecimento acadêmico, foram selecionadas as seguintes bases de artigos científicos:

- Pubmed/MEDLINE (www.pubmed.org)

- Web of Knowledge (www.isi.com)

- SCOPUS (www.scopus.com)

- Science Direct (www.sciencedirect.com)

- PsycINFO (psycnnet.apa.org).

Todos os artigos contidos nesses bancos até a data de 31 de dezembro de 2015, foram avaliados, através da utilização de operadores booleanos, definidos para cada termo-chave, no intuito de otimizar os resultados da pesquisa. Todos os termos-chave foram utilizados no idioma inglês e não se fez restrições quanto a revistas, autores, países e idiomas, desde que os abstracts gerados fossem escritos na língua inglesa.

4.4. Critérios de Inclusão: 56

Para ser incluído, o estudo deveria investigar ou discutir experiências habitualmente associadas à possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro (experiências de quase morte, experiências fora do corpo, mediunidade, fenômenos de transe/possessão, experiências no leito de morte, memórias sugestivas de vida passada e relação mente cérebro) e ser dos seguintes tipos: Artigos Originais, Artigos de Revisão, Comentários,

Editoriais ou Notas, Cartas ao Editor ou Resenhas de livros.

Foram considerados como artigos originais todos os estudos que envolveram pesquisas de tipo epidemiológico prospectivo, ensaios clínicos, transversal, caso-controle, relato de caso ou série de casos.

Como artigos de revisão, foram incluídas revisões narrativas, revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises, descrições filosóficas sobre o tema selecionado.

Comentários, Editoriais e Notas foram agrupados como uma categoria.

Apesar da devida distinção entre cada tipo de publicação, não apresenta relevância na hierarquia de evidências.

Cartas ao Editor e Resenhas de Livros foram destacados como categorias incluídas na análise por representarem, de certa forma, a repercussão que cada tópico gerou na comunidade científica de leitores das publicações e por sua relação com esse público.

4.5. Critérios de Exclusão:

Após a retirada dos artigos duplicados que se repetiam em mais de uma base, foram excluídos artigos científicos que não atendiam ao objetivo da pesquisa, artigos não científicos (publicação em revistas de divulgação científica, publicação em revistas não revisadas aos pares); livros ou capítulos de livros. 57

Apesar da utilização de termos-chave de pesquisas específicos, artigos científicos que não abordavam o tema pesquisado, foram excluídos.

Foram considerados artigos não-científicos aqueles publicados em revistas de divulgação científica e em revistas que não utilizam revisão aos pares. Para classificar como não-científico determinado artigo, pesquisou-se informações sobre a revista através de instrumentos de busca geral da internet.

Os livros ou capítulos de livro, quando não indicados na referência bibliográfica ou abstract gerado, foram confirmados através da utilização de pesquisa no Google Acadêmico (scholar.google.com).

4.6. Análise e Classificação das Referências:

Os termos-chave referentes a cada área foram pesquisados em todas as bases e os resultados gerados foram exportados para o Software EndNote

X7 com todas as informações disponíveis para cada citação. Para cada base de dados foi gerado um arquivo no software EndNote X7. Utilizando da opção

My Groups, do Software EndNote X7 for Mac, foram criados grupos conforme os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, para cada termo-chave, de cada base de dados. Os abstracts foram analisados para a classificação de cada artigo e as referências que não geraram abstracts foram pesquisadas nas bases de dados citadas e também no Google Acadêmico (www.scholar.google.com), com o objetivo de encontrar dados que pudessem auxiliar na classificação dos mesmos. Os artigos foram classificados nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa em: Artigo Original (Original Research -OR), Artigo de Revisão (Review

Paper -R), Editorial, Comentários e Notas (Editorial,Comments, Notes (ED),

Cartas ao Editor (Letters -Lett), Revisão de Livros (Book Review -BR), 58

Apresentações de Congressos (Meeting Papers -Meet), Fora do Tema (Out of Interest) e Não Científico (Non scientific -NC).

Em uma segunda etapa, todos os arquivos de cada base de dados, classificados pelos termos-chave de cada campo, foram reunidos em um

único arquivo EndNote e avaliada a duplicidade de artigos.

Criou-se estilo de exportação personalizado, nomeado pelo autor como

Excel Export, compreendendo os seguintes campos: Autor principal, ano de publicação, título da publicação, tipo de publicação, jornal de publicação, volume, fascículo, páginas, endereço do autor e idioma de publicação.

Finalmente, os dados foram exportados para o Software Excel 2011 for

Mac, gerando uma planilha para cada termo-chave de pesquisa, e a utilização dos seguintes campos específicos em cada planilha: termo-chave, ano de publicação, autor principal, título, revista, páginas, fascículo, volume, endereço do autor, idioma e, quando disponível, base de dados. Todos os resultados foram novamente analisados quanto à duplicidade. Reuniu-se em planilha única todos os resultados para verificação de coincidência de resultados comuns entre termos de pesquisa e de áreas de pesquisa distintas.

Apenas para o processo de busca e inclusão ou exclusão dos artigos foi convidado um pesquisador independente, acadêmico de Medicina Rodolfo

Damiano, que se associou ao autor e quando houve divergência de classificação, um terceiro pesquisador, Dr. Giancarlo Lucchetti (GL) fez a classificação final.

Para análise descritiva, foram avaliados em cada campo de pesquisa a produção dos principais autores de cada área, os tipos de artigos publicados, 59 número de artigos originais publicados a cada ano e o fator de impacto das revistas, baseados no Journal of Citation Reports 2014 (2014 Journal Citation

Reports® Science Edition (Thomson Reuters, 2015), 2015) e SCImago –

“Cites per doc” (Scimago, 2016).

O Fator de Impacto médio das publicações em cada área e das publicações de todo o campo foi calculado utilizando-se o fator de impacto atual de cada publicação em circulação, através do Journal of Citation

Reports 2014, multiplicado pelo número de artigos de cada publicação e dividido pelo total de artigos publicados em cada área.

As revistas que publicaram artigos em cada campo foram checadas segundo os dados fornecidos pelo catálogo da National Library (Home -

PubMed - NCBI) com finalidade de se obter dados sobre seu status de publicação e classificadas como em circulação ou fora de circulação. As revistas não catalogadas pelo MEDLINE foram verificadas através do website de cada revista, quando disponível, para confirmação de seu status de circulação.

Os países do autor principal foram considerados como os indicados nos dados bibliográficas de cada referência. Quando essa informação não estava disponível, foi utilizada pesquisa através dos seguintes instrumentos: catálogo de autores da base Web of Science

(http://wcs.webofknowledge.com/SA/getSearchTerm.do;jsessionid=62D7E324

4655E6E0F007066353FBF291?refineString=null&SID=2FdK6JY5sHM7CCFq

GLz&product=UA&termName=AU&timeSpan=All+Years&returnURL=http%3a

%2f%2fapps.webofknowledge.com%2fInboundService.do%3fproduct%) e o

Google Acadêmico (https://scholar.google.com) 60

5. Resultados:

Os resultados dessa pesquisa foram descritos no artigo “Research on experiences related to the possibility of consciousness beyond the brain: a bibliometric analysis of global scientific output”, submetido a publicação em periódico indexado internacional, e que se encontra como apêndice

(Apêndice A) da presente dissertação.

A busca realizada até 31 de dezembro de 2015 resultou em 9065 artigos

(762 artigos no Pubmed/MEDLINE, 3006 artigos no Web of Knowledge, 2233 artigos no SCOPUS, 228 artigos no Science Direct e 1836 artigos no

PsycINFO). Foram excluídos 3255 artigos duplicados e 3856 artigos por não preencherem os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restando 1954 artigos

(Apêndice B). Destes artigos, 598 eram relativos a Experiências de Quase-

Morte (EQM), 223 Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC), 56 Experiências no

Final da Vida (EFV), 224 Transe e Possessão, 244 Memórias de Vidas

Passadas (MVP), 565 Mediunidade, 3 Detecção de Espíritos (DE), 6

Transcomunicação Instrumental (TC) e 35 Relação Mente-Cérebro (RMC). A figura 1 detalha a estratégia de busca e os resultados obtidos:

61

Figura 1: Estratégia de busca e resultados obtidos

598 artigos incluídos 908 artigos EQM 165 OR, 200 R, 67 Ed, 79 Artigos por 2284 artigos Let, 74 BR, 13 Meet base de dados: 762 Pubmed 1386 PsycINFO 1412duplica 288 excluídos 3006 ISI dos 240 OI, 48 NC 2233 Scopus 1228 223 artigos incluídos ScienceDirect EFC 887 artigos 68 OR, 77R, 20 Ed, 20 Let, 1363 22BR, 16 Meet. artigos 560 excluídos 438 572 OI,52 NC, 49 duplicados outros temas 9065 artigos Possessão 224 artigos incluídos 1310 784 artigos 57 OR, 134 R, 3 Ed, 4 Let, 22 artigos BR, 4 Meet

526 duplicados 560 excluídos 536 OI, 24 565 artigos incluídos Mediunidade 742 artigos 162 OR, 296 R, 31 Ed, 19 943 artigos Let, 49 BR, 8 Meet

201 177 duplicados excluídos 87 OI, 90 NC 244 artigos incluídos MVP 771 artigos 82 OR, 74 R, 13 Ed, 11 945 Let, 63 BR, 1 Meet. artigos 174 duplicados 527 excluídos 371 OI, 156 NC

EFV 56 artigos incluídos 2196 1633 artigos 24 OR, 21 R, 10 Ed, 1 artigos BR

563 1577 excluídos duplicados 1362 OI, 124 NC, 91 outros temas

RMC, Tc, 44 artigos 98 artigos DE incluídos 124 artigos 9 OR, 21 R, 1 Let, 19 BR 26 54 excluídos duplicados 50 OI, 4 NC

Separando-se por subtemas, obtivemos os seguintes achados: 62

5.1. Mediunidade:

Foram geradas 943 referências sobre a área pesquisada e incluídas 565

(figura 1). A figura 2 descreve o número de publicações em mediunidade ao longo dos anos.

A tabela 2 descreve o panorama geral das publicações em mediunidade, com informações sobre os tipos epidemiológicos das publicações.

A análise deste campo de pesquisa permite descrever a percepção já citada de Stevenson (Stevenson, 1977b). Mais da metade dos artigos foram publicados até a década de 1980 (55.0%), havendo uma ressurgência na década de 2000 (31.3%). Houve um grande predomínio de revisões (52.4%) seguido de estudos com dados originais (28.7%), sendo sua maioria do tipo transversal (68.5%), um grande número de relatos de caso (31.4%). Destaca- se que nos últimos anos houve desenvolvimento de alguns protocolos chamados “triple-blinds” (triplo-cegos) com uma visão mais experimental.

Os cinco principais autores deste campo foram responsáveis por 11,1% dos artigos, incluindo revisões. Os principais autores deste campo foram: C.

S. Alvarado (4,36%), J. B. Rhine (2,73%), A. Moreira-Almeida (2,00%), C. E.

Stuart (1,09%), E. Haraldsson (1,09%), J. Beischel (1,09%).

A tabela 3 traz o panorama mais completo dos principais autores no campo ao longo de todos os anos pesquisados.

O número total de revistas que publicaram artigos no campo ao longo das décadas foi 142 e dessas 38 (26,8%) estão fora de circulação atualmente. A publicação em revistas sem classificação de fator de impacto JCR correspondeu a 26,9% seguidas das publicações com fator de impacto menor que 1.000 (35,6%). Pelo SCImago, o número de publicações em revistas sem 63 classificação de fator de impacto correspondeu a 14,4% e as publicações com fator de impacto menor que 1.000 corresponderam a 45,2%. O Fator de

Impacto médio dessa área pelo JCR foi de 1.922.

As cinco principais revistas que publicaram artigos na área foram: “Journal of Parapsychology”, “Journal of American Society for Psychical Research”,

“Journal of the Society for Psychical Research”, “Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research”, “Journal of Scientific Exploration”.

A tabela 4 descreve as principais revistas que publicaram artigos no campo Mediunidade, de todos os tipos epidemiológicos.

Os cinco principais países que publicaram artigos originais e de revisão no campo Mediunidade foram: EUA(53,46%), Reino Unido (22,35%), Brasil

(5,99%), Alemanha(4,15%), Itália (1,84%).

A tabela 5 descreve os principais países em publicações de pesquisas originais e artigos de revisão no campo Mediunidade.

Com a finalidade de compreender melhor o campo, uma vez que os termos de pesquisa utilizados incluíram o termo Percepção Extra-Sensorial

(Extra-Sensorial Perception) que gera artigos relacionados a Telepatia, optou-se, para possibilitar maior compreensão do campo, pela exclusão dos artigos gerados pela utilização deste termo de pesquisa (Extra-Sensorial

Perception). A tabela 6 apresenta o panorama do campo Mediunidade após a exclusão de artigos que tratavam especificamente de Percepção Extra-

Sensorial mas não tratavam de Mediunidade. A figura 3 apresenta o panorama das publicações ao longo dos anos no campo Mediunidade, excluídos os artigos referentes a Telepatia, capturados pela inclusão do termo Percepção Extra-Sensorial, no termo-chave de pesquisa Mediunidade. 64

Figura 2: Publicações ao longo dos anos Campo Mediunidade 30

25

20

15

10

5

0 1902 1910 1914 1921 1925 1932 1935 1941 1944 1947 1950 1953 1959 1962 1965 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1989 1992 1995 1999 2002 2005 2011 2014 1896 1928 1938 1956 1968 1986 2008

65

Tabela 2: Panorama geral do campo Mediunidade Características Número de Estudos % Ano 565 Até 1980 311 55,04% 1981-1990 46 8,14% 1991-2000 31 5,49% 2001-2010 103 18,23% 2011-2015 74 13,10% Tipos de Estudos 0,00% Pesquisas Originais 162 28,72% Artigos de Revisão 296 52,48% Editoriais, Comentários, Notas 31 5,50% Cartas ao Editor 19 3,37% Revisão de Livros 49 8,69% Anais de Congressos 8 1,42% Desenho das Pesquisas Originais Relato de Casos 51 31,48% Estudos Transversais 111 68,52% Revistas Journal of Parapsychology 85 15,34% J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. 55 9,93% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 45 8,12% Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 35 6,32% Journal of Scientific Exploration 21 3,79% Autores Principais C. S. Alvarado 24 4,33% J. B. Rhine 15 2,71% A. Moreira-Almeida 11 1,99% C. E. Stuart 6 1,08% E. Haraldsson 6 1,08% Revistas Fora de Circulação 38 26,8% Fator de Impacto JCR Sem Fator de Impacto 28 26,9% Menor que 1.000 37 35,6% 1.00 to 3.00 26 25,00% Maior que 3.000 13 12,50% Fator de Impacto SCImago Sem Fator de Impacto 15 14,4% Menor que 1.000 47 45,2% 1.00 to 3.00 28 26,9% Maior que 3.000 14 13,5% Países EUA 232 53,46% Reino Unido 97 22,35% Brasil 26 5,99% Alemanha 18 4,15% Itália 8 1,84%

66

Tabela 3: Autores do campo Mediunidade Autor Artigos % C. S. Alvarado 24 4,33% J. B. Rhine 15 2,71% A. Moreira-Almeida 11 1,99% C. E. Stuart 6 1,08% E. Haraldsson 6 1,08% J. Beischel 6 1,08% G. R. Schmeidler 5 0,90% H. Price 5 0,90% I. Stevenson 5 0,90% M. W. Richardson 5 0,90% V. M. Neppe 5 0,90% C. D. Thomas 4 0,72% C. E. M. Hansel 4 0,72% E. Servadio 4 0,72% H. Rogosin 4 0,72% J. G. Pratt 4 0,72% J. H. Hyslop 4 0,72% J. L. Kennedy 4 0,72% L. Warner 4 0,72% R. H. Thouless 4 0,72% R. Wooffitt 4 0,72% C. Hope 3 0,54% D. R. Martin, et al. 3 0,54% E. W. Kelly 3 0,54% G. E. Schwartz 3 0,54% J. T. Lamiell 3 0,54% L. R. G. Crandon 3 0,54% R. A. White 3 0,54% R. I. Anderson 3 0,54%

67

Tabela 4: Principais revistas campo Mediunidade: Revista Artigos % Journal of Parapsychology 85 15,34% J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. 63 11,37% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 44 7,94% Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 36 6,50% Journal of Scientific Exploration 21 3,79% Parapsychology Review 13 2,35% Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 11 1,99% Nature 10 1,81% Explore (NY) 9 1,62% Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica 9 1,62% Personality and Individual Differences 8 1,44% J Nerv Ment Dis 6 1,08% Journal of Experimental Psychology 6 1,08% Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 6 1,08% British Journal of Psychology 5 0,90% History of Psychiatry 5 0,90% Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. (Amer.) 5 0,90% Psyché 5 0,90% Zeitschrift für Parapsychologie 5 0,90%

68

Tabela 5: Principais Países em Publicações campo Mediunidade País Artigos % EUA 232 53,46% Reino Unido 97 22,35% Brasil 26 5,99% Alemanha 18 4,15% Itália 8 1,84% Canadá 6 1,38% Islândia 6 1,38% França 5 1,15% Austrália 4 0,92% Holanda 4 0,92% Argentina 3 0,69% Índia 3 0,69% Suécia 3 0,69%

69

Tabela 6: Panorama geral do campo Mediunidade, excluídos artigos referentes a Telepatia: Número de Characteristicas Estudos % Décadas 415 Até 1980 171 41,20% 1981-1990 35 8,43% 1991-2000 33 7,95% 2001-2010 95 22,89% 2011-2015 76 18,31% Tipos de Estudos Pesquisas Originais 88 21,20% Artigos de Revisão 234 56,39% Editorial, Comentários, Notas 21 5,06% Cartas ao Editor 17 4,10% Revisão de livros 34 8,19% Anais de Congressos 21 5,06% Desenho das Pesquisas Originais Relato de Casos 6 6,82% Transversais 40 45,45% Descritivos 37 42,05% Jornais Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 64 48,48% J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. 46 34,85% Journal of Parapsychology 23 17,42% Journal of Scientific Exploration 22 16,67% Parapsychology Review 11 8,33% Autores C. S. Alvarado 23 5,5% A. Moreira-Almeida 10 2,4% H. Price 6 1,4% J. Beischel 6 1,4% E. Haraldsson 5 1,2% G. E. Schwartz 5 1,2% I. Stevenson 5 1,2% M. W. Richardson 5 1,2%

70

Figura 3: Panorama das publicações ao longo dos anos no campo Mediunidade, excluídos artigos referentes a Telepatia:

25

20

15

10

5

0 1902 1909 1912 1919 1923 1927 1931 1934 1941 1945 1955 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1980 1984 1987 1990 1993 1999 2002 2005 2011 2014

1896 1938 1976 1996 2008

71

5.2. Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM):

No presente estudo, foram analisados 908 artigos gerados pelos termos- chave relacionados com EQM e incluídos 598 artigos. A figura 4 descreve as publicações em EQM ao longo dos anos.

A tabela 7 descreve o panorama das pesquisas em EQM ao longo das décadas. Com a utilização dos termos-chave escolhidos para o campo, as referências iniciais foram registradas a partir do ano de 1976, seguindo o livro de Raymond Moody “Life after Life” que data de 1975. As publicações de trabalhos originais sobre EQM na literatura científica foram regulares ao longo das décadas. Houve um predomínio de revisões (33.4%) seguido de estudos originais (27.5%), sendo sua maioria do tipo transversal (73.9%), com pequeno número de pesquisas prospectivas em relação ao número de artigos publicados (3.6%).

Os 5 principais autores na área representam 14,6% do total dos autores da área. Os principais autores na área foram: B. Greyson (7,33%), W. J.

Serdahely (2,39%), M. B. Sabom (1,87%), K. Ring (1,53%), M. L. Morse

(1,53%).

Os autores que mais publicaram na área EQM estão listados na tabela 8.

Os artigos do campo foram publicados em 177 revistas ao longo das décadas e todas elas ainda estão em circulação. O número de publicações em revistas que não são classificadas pelo Journal of Citation Reports correspondeu a 41,8% do total e 17.5% dos artigos do campo foram publicadas em revistas com fator de impacto superior a 3.000. Pelo SCImago, artigos publicados em revistas sem classificação de fator de impacto que publicaram no campo corresponderam a 15,8% e aqueles em revistas com 72 fator de impacto superior a 3.000 foram 17,5% do total. O Fator de Impacto médio dessa área pelo JCR foi de 3.094.

As cinco revistas que mais publicaram referências na área foram: “Journal of Near-Death Studies”, “The Lancet”, “Journal of The American Society of

Psychical Research”, “Omega – Journal of Death and Dying” e “Journal of

Nervous and Mental Disease”.

A tabela 9 lista as principais revistas que publicaram artigos sobre EQM.

Os principais países que publicaram artigos originais e de revisão no campo EQM foram: EUA(66%), Reino Unido (9,6%), Austrália (5,8%),

Alemanha (3,6%), Itália (1,9%), Holanda (1,9%).

A tabela 10 lista os países que mais publicaram pesquisas originais e artigos de revisão no campo EQM.

73

Figura 4: Publicações por ano campo Experiências de Quase Morte (EQM): 35

30

25

20

15 Pub. por ano EQM

10

5

0 1980 1982 1984 1990 1992 1994 2000 2002 2004 2010 2012 2014 1976 1978 1986 1988 1996 1998 2006 2008

74

Tabela 7: Panorama geral do campo Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM) Número de Características Estudos % Anos 598 Até 1980 16 2,68% 1981-1990 165 27,59% 1991-2000 144 24,08% 2001-2010 153 25,59% 2011-2015 120 20,07% Tipos de Estudos Pesquisa Original 165 27,59% Revisão 200 33,44% Editorial, Comentários, Notas 67 11,20% Cartas ao Editor 79 13,21% Revisão de Livros 74 12,37% Anais de Congressos 13 2,17% Desenho dos Estudos Originais Relato de Caso 37 22,42% Estudos Transversais 122 73,94% Estudos Prospectivos 6 3,64% Revistas Principais Journal of Near-Death Studies 190 32,37% Lancet 21 3,58% Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 17 2,90% Omega-Journal of Death and Dying 16 2,73% J Nerv Ment Dis 13 2,21% Autores Principais B. Greyson 43 7,33% W. J. Serdahely 14 2,39% M. B. Sabom 11 1,87% K. Ring 9 1,53% M. L. Morse 9 1,53% Revistas fora de circulação 21 10,61% Fator de impacto JCR Sem fator de impacto 74 41,8% Menor que 1.000 37 20,9% 1.00 to 3.00 35 19,8% Maior que 3.000 31 17,5% Fator de impacto SCIMAGO Sem fator de impacto 28 15,8% Menor que 1.000 81 45,8% 1.00 to 3.00 37 20,9% Maior que 3.000 31 17,5% Países EUA 241 66,0% Reino Unido 35 9,6% Austrália 21 5,8% Alemanha 13 3,6% Itália 7 1,9% Holanda 7 1,9%

75

Tabela 8: Autores do campo Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM): Autor Artigos % B. Greyson 43 7,20% W. J. Serdahely 14 2,35% M. B. Sabom 11 1,84% K. Ring 9 1,51% M. L. Morse 9 1,51% J. M. Holden 8 1,34% A. Kellehear 7 1,17% J. C. Gibbs 7 1,17% C. S. Alvarado 6 1,01% K. L. R. Jansen 6 1,01% P. Van Lommel 5 0,84% R. H. Smit 5 0,84% S. J. Blackmore 5 0,84% C. R. Lundahl 4 0,67% E. Facco 4 0,67% G. O. Gabbard 4 0,67% K. Augustine 4 0,67% M. Grosso 4 0,67% M. Thonnard 4 0,67% R. K. Siegel 4 0,67% R. Noyes 4 0,67% S. Parnia 4 0,67% Z. Klemenc-Ketis 4 0,67%

76

Tabela 9: Principais revistas do campo Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM): Revistas Artigos % Journal of Near-Death Studies 190 31,83% Lancet 21 3,52% Omega-Journal of Death and Dying 18 3,02% Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 17 2,85% Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 14 2,35% Mo Med 14 2,35% Journal of Parapsychology 9 1,51% Death Studies 8 1,34% J Relig Health 8 1,34% Resuscitation 7 1,17% Canadian Medical Association Journal 5 0,84% Death Education 5 0,84% Essence 5 0,84% Journal of Consciousness Studies 5 0,84% Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 5 0,84%

77

Tabela 10: Principais países no campo Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM): País Artigos % EUA 241 64,96% Reino Unido 35 9,43% Austrália 21 5,66% Alemanha 13 3,50% Itália 7 1,89% Holanda 7 1,89% Bélgica 6 1,62% China 5 1,35% Suíça 5 1,35% Índia 4 1,08% Chile 3 0,81% França 3 0,81% Nova Zelândia 3 0,81% Eslovênia 3 0,81% Brasil 2 0,54% Canadá 2 0,54% Japão 2 0,54%

78

5.3. Experiências no Final da Vida (EFV):

Foram geradas 2196 referências e, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídas 56 referências. (Figura 1).

A tabela 11 descreve o panorama das pesquisas em Experiências no

Final da Vida ao longo das décadas. A grande maioria dos artigos do campo foram publicados a partir da década de 2000 (85.7%). O número de estudos originais correspondeu a 42,8% (estudos transversais 70,8%, relatos de caso

20,8%, prospectivos 8,3%) e o número de revisões correspondeu a 37,5%.

A frequência de publicação dos cinco principais autores na área representou 31,9% do total dos autores da área. Os cinco principais autores na área foram: M. Nahm (7,14%), P. Fenwick (7,14%), A. Kellehear (5,36%),

S. Brayne (5,36%), I. B. Corless (3,57%).

A tabela 12 lista os principais autores que publicaram no campo EFV.

O número de revistas que publicou artigos do campo ao longo das décadas foi 23 e não foram publicados artigos em revistas que não estão em circulação atualmente. Das revistas que publicaram artigos no campo, 30.4% não foram classificadas com fator de impacto pelo JCR; 26,1% foram publicados em revistas com fator de impacto menor que 1.000, 30,4% em revistas classificadas com fator de impacto entre 1.000 e 3.000 e 13% em revistas com fator de impacto maior que 3.000. Pelo SCImago, o número de publicações em revistas sem classificação de fator de impacto correspondeu a 8,7%; revistas com classificação menor que 1.000 e entre 1.000 e 3.000 tiveram correspondência equivalente em a 43,48% e apenas 4,35% das revistas foram classificadas com fator de impacto maior que 3.000. O Fator de Impacto médio dessa área pelo JCR foi de 1.213. 79

A figura 5 representa as publicações ao longo dos anos no campo EFV.

As principais revistas que publicaram artigos da área foram: “American

Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine”, “Omega: Journal of Death and

Dying”, “Journal of Near-Death Studies” e “Archives of Geriatrics and

Gerontology”.

A tabela 13 descreve as principais revistas que publicaram artigos no campo EFV.

Os cinco principais países que publicaram artigos originais e de revisão no campo Experiências no Final da Vida foram: EUA (42,22%), Reino Unido

(26,67%), Alemanha (8,89%), Austrália, Canadá (4,44%). e Suíça (4,44%).

A tabela 14 descreve os países com publicações de pesquisas originais e artigos de revisão, no campo EFV.

80

Tabela 11: Panorama geral do campo Experiências no Final da Vida (EFV): Número de Características Estudos % Anos 56 Até 1980 4 7,14% 1981-1990 2 3,57% 1991-2000 2 3,57% 2001-2010 19 33,93% 2011-2015 29 51,79% Tipos de Estudos 56 Pesquisa Original 24 42,86% Revisão 21 37,50% Editorial, comentários, notas 10 17,86% Revisão de livros 1 1,79% Desenho dos Estudos Originais Relato de caso 5 20,83% Estudos transversais 17 70,83% Estudos prospectivos 2 8,33% Revistas Principais American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine 6 12,77% Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 5 10,64% Journal of Near-Death Studies 3 6,38% Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2 4,26% Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2 4,26% Journal of Palliative Care 2 4,26% Journal of Palliative Medicine 2 4,26% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 2 4,26% Neuroquantology 2 4,26% Omega (Westport) 2 4,26% Autores principais M. Nahm 4 8,51% P. Fenwick 4 8,51% S. Brayne 3 6,38% A. Kellehear 2 4,26% I. Stevenson 2 4,26% J. Houran 2 4,26% K. Osis 2 4,26% Fator de impacto JCR 0,00% Sem fator de impacto 7 30,4% Menor que 1.000 6 26,1% 1.00 to 3.00 7 30,4% Maior que 3.000 3 13,0% Fator de impacto SCIMAGO Sem fator de impacto 2 8,70% Menor que 1.000 10 43,48% 1.00 to 3.00 10 43,48% Maior que 3.000 1 4,35%

81

Tabela 12: Principais autores no campo Experiências no Final da Vida (EFV): Autor Artigos % M. Nahm 4 7,14% P. Fenwick 4 7,14% A. Kellehear 3 5,36% S. Brayne 3 5,36% I. B. Corless 2 3,57% I. Stevenson 2 3,57% J. Houran 2 3,57% K. Osis 2 3,57% M. Renz 2 3,57%

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Figura 5: Publicações ao longo dos anos campo Experiências no Final da Vida (EFV): 14

12

10

8

6

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0

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Tabela 13: Principais revistas que publicaram no campo EFV Revista Artigos % American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine 7 12,50% Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 7 12,50% Journal of Near-Death Studies 3 5,36% Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2 3,57% Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2 3,57% Journal of Palliative Care 2 3,57% Journal of Palliative Medicine 2 3,57% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 2 3,57% Neuroquantology 2 3,57% Omega (Westport) 2 3,57%

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Tabela 14: Países com publicações no campo Experiências no Final da Vida (EFV): País Artigos % EUA 19 42,22% Reino Unido 12 26,67% Alemanha 4 8,89% Austrália 2 4,44% Canadá 2 4,44% Suíça 2 4,44% China 1 2,22% Índia 1 2,22% Nova Zelândia 1 2,22%

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5.4. Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC):

Foram geradas 887 referências na pesquisa do campo EFC e incluídos

272 artigos. Por ser um dos componentes da EQM, houve ocorrência de 49 artigos referentes a EQM e, após exclusão, foram analisados 223 artigos

(Figura 1).

A tabela 15 descreve o panorama das pesquisas em EFC ao longo das décadas. A primeira referência no campo EFC foi registrada no ano de 1938 e houve um crescente nas publicações de artigos, com maior expressão nos

últimos 15 anos. As revisões corresponderam a 34.5% e os estudos originais a 30,4% e maioria de tais estudos foram do tipo transversal (95.5%).

A figura 6 demonstra ao volume das publicações no campo EFC ao longo das décadas.

Os 5 principais autores deste campo foram responsáveis por 21,2% dos artigos, incluindo revisões. Os principais autores na área foram: C. S.

Alvarado (7,83%), H. J. Irwin (4,15%), S. J. Blackmore (3,69%), C. T. Tart

(2,30%), P. Brugger (2,30%).

Os principais autores no campo EFC estão listados na tabela 16.

Ao longo das décadas, os artigos no tema foram publicados em 96 revistas, das quais 12 (12,5%) estão atualmente fora de circulação. As publicações do campo em revistas sem fator de impacto pelo JCR corresponderam a 40.6%, e houve equilíbrio entre publicações com fator de impacto entre 1.01 e 3.0 (22,9%) e em publicações com fator de impacto superior a 3.000 (22,9%). Pelo SCImago, as revistas sem classificação de fator de impacto corresponderam a 10.7% e houve equilíbrio entre as revistas 86 classificadas com fator de impacto entre 1.001 (27.3%) e 3.000 e maior que

3.000 (27.3%). O Fator de Impacto médio dessa área pelo JCR foi de 3.701.

As principais revistas que publicaram artigos sobre EFC foram: “Journal of

The American Society for Psychical Research”, “Journal of Parapsychology”,

“Journal of Near Death Studies”, “Journal of the Society of Psychical

Resarch”, “Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease”.

A tabela 17 descreve as principais revistas no campo EFC.

Os principais países que publicaram artigos originais e de revisão no campo EFC foram: EUA (38,06%), Reino Unido (19,4%), Austrália (10,45%),

Alemanha (8,2%), Suíça (7,46%).

A tabela 18 lista os países que mais publicaram artigos no campo EFC.

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Tabela 15: Panorama geral do campo Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC): Número de Características Estudos % Ano 223 Até 1980 17 7,62% 1981-1990 45 20,18% 1991-2000 38 17,04% 2001-2010 67 30,04% 2011-2015 56 25,11% Tipos de Estudos Pesquisa Original 68 30,49% Revisão 77 34,53% Editorial, Comentários, Notas 20 8,97% Cartas ao Editor 20 8,97% Revisão de Livros 22 9,87% Anais de Congressos 16 7,17% Desenho dos Estudos Originais Relato de Caso 3 4,41% Estudos Transversais 65 95,59% Revistas Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 19 8,76% Journal of Parapsychology 18 8,29% Journal of Near-Death Studies 17 7,83% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 11 5,07% J Nerv Ment Dis 9 4,15% Autores Principais C. S. Alvarado 17 7,83% H. J. Irwin 9 4,15% S. J. Blackmore 8 3,69% J. J. Braithwaite 7 3,23% C. T. Tart 5 2,30% Revistas fora de Circulação 12 12,50% Fator de impacto JCR Sem fator de impacto 27 32,14% Menor que 1.000 13 15,48% 1.00 to 3.00 22 26,19% Maior que 3.000 22 26,19% Fator de Impacto SCIMAGO 0,00% Sem fator de impacto 9 10,71% Menor que 1.000 29 34,52% 1.00 to 3.00 23 27,38% Maior que 3.000 23 27,38%

Países EUA 51 38,06% Reino Unido 26 19,40% Autrália 14 10,45% Alemanha 11 8,21% Suíça 10 7,46%

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Figura 6: Publicações ao longo dos anos no campo Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC): 16

14

12

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Tabela 16: Principais autores no campo Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC): Autor Artigos % C. S. Alvarado 18 8,07% H. J. Irwin 9 4,04% J. J. Braithwaite 8 3,59% S. J. Blackmore 8 3,59% C. T. Tart 5 2,24% P. Brugger 5 2,24% O. Blanke 4 1,79% S. Arzy 4 1,79% C. D. Murray 3 1,35% D. S. Rogo 3 1,35% J. J. Tobacyk 3 1,35% J. Palmer 3 1,35% M. Grosso 3 1,35% S. W. Twemlow 3 1,35%

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Tabela 17: Principais revistas no campo Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC): Revista Artigos % Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 19 8,52% Journal of Parapsychology 18 8,07% Journal of Near-Death Studies 17 7,62% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 12 5,38% J Nerv Ment Dis 9 4,04% Consciousness and Cognition 5 2,24% Cortex 5 2,24% Journal of Consciousness Studies 5 2,24% NeuroQuantology 5 2,24% Front Hum Neurosci 4 1,79% New England Journal of Medicine 4 1,79% Acta Neuropsychologica 3 1,35% Am J Psychiatry 3 1,35% Br J Psychiatry 3 1,35% Epilepsy & Behavior 3 1,35% Imagination, Cognition and Personality 3 1,35% International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 3 1,35% New Ideas in Psychology 3 1,35% Parapsychology Review 3 1,35% Science 3 1,35%

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Tabela 18: Países com publicação na área Experiências Fora do Corpo (EFC): País Artigos % EUA 51 22,87% Reino Unido 26 11,66% Austrália 14 6,28% Alemanha 11 4,93% Suíça 10 4,48% Canadá 5 2,24% Israel 4 1,79% França 3 1,35% Bélgica 2 0,90%

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5.5. Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP ou Reencarnação):

Foram geradas 945 referências na área pesquisada que, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, geraram 244 publicações para análise (Figura 1).

O campo apresentou uniformidade de publicações nas duas últimas décadas do século XX, apresentando um aumento de 40% na década 2000.

A figura 7 representa as publicações ao longo dos anos no campo MVP.

A tabela 19 descreve o panorama das pesquisas em Memórias de Vidas

Passadas ao longo das décadas. A publicação de estudos originais correspondeu a 33.6% e o de revisões correspondeu a 30,3%. A maioria dos estudos com dados originais foi do tipo transversal (65.8%), seguido por relatos de caso (28.0%).

Os cinco principais autores do campo foram responsáveis por 25.8% das publicações analisadas. Os principais autores na área foram: I. Stevenson

(11,93%), E. Haraldsson (4,94%), S. Pasricha (4,12%), A. Mills (2,06%), J. B.

Tucker (2,06%).

Os autores mais destacados do campo MVP estão listados na tabela 20.

O número total de revistas que publicaram artigos no campo ao longo das décadas foi de 99 revistas e destas, 17 (17,17%) estão fora de circulação atualmente. A publicação em revistas sem classificação pelo fator de impacto

JCR correspondeu a 39%. As publicações com fator de impacto menor que

1.000 e menor que 3.000 corresponderam a 44% do total. Pelo SCImago,

17% dos artigos foram publicados em revistas sem classificação de fator de impacto e 47,6% das revistas foram classificadas com fator de impacto menor que 1.000. O Fator de Impacto médio dessa área pelo JCR foi de 1.971. 93

As principais revistas que publicaram artigos na área foram: “Journal of

American Society for Psychical Research”, “Journal of Scientific Exploration”,

“Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease”, “Journal of Parapsychology”,

“Journal of the Society for Psychical Research”.

As revistas mais importantes no campo MVP estão listadas na tabela 21.

Os países que mais publicaram artigos originais e de revisão no campo

Memórias de Vidas Passadas foram: EUA(50,64%), Índia (8,33%), Islândia

(6,41%), Austrália (5,77%), Reino Unido (5,77%).

Os principais países com publicações de artigos originais e de revisão, no campo MVP, estão listados na tabela 22.

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Figura 7: Publicações ao longo dos anos no campo Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP): 14

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0 1911 1932 1962 1967 1972 1974 1980 1982 1984 1990 1992 1994 2000 2002 2004 2010 2012 2014 1956 1976 1978 1986 1988 1996 1998 2006 2008

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Tabela 19: Panorama geral do campo Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP): Número de Características Estudos % Ano 244 Até 1980 48 19,67% 1981-1990 42 17,21% 1991-2000 45 18,44% 2001-2010 64 26,23% 2011-2015 45 18,44% Tipos de Estudos Pesquisa Original 82 33,61% Revisão 74 30,33% Editorial, Comentários, Notas 13 5,33% Cartas ao Editor 11 4,51% Revisão de Livro 63 25,82% Anais de Congresso 1 0,41% Desenho dos Estudos Originais 0,00% Relato de Caso 23 28,05% Estudo Transversal 54 65,85% Descritivo 5 6,10% Revistas 99 J. of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. 39 16,53% Journal of Scientific Exploration 20 8,47% J Nerv Ment Dis 11 4,66% Journal of Parapsychology 9 3,81% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 6 2,54% Autores Principais 0,00% I. Stevenson 29 12,29% E. Haraldsson 12 5,08% S. Pasricha 10 4,24% A. Mills 5 2,12% J. B. Tucker 5 2,12% Revistas fora de Circulação 17 17,17% Fator de impacto JCR 0,00% Sem fator de impacto 32 39,0% Menor que 1.000 18 22,0% 1.00 to 3.00 18 22,0% Maior que 3.000 14 17,1% Fator de impacto SCIMAGO 0,0% Sem fator de impacto 14 17,1% Menor que 1.000 39 47,6% 1.00 to 3.00 17 20,7% Maior que 3.000 12 14,6%

Países EUA 79 50,64% Índia 13 8,33% Islândia 10 6,41% Austrália 9 5,77% Reino Unido 9 5,77%

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Tabela 20: Principais autores do campo Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP): Autor Artigos % I. Stevenson 29 11,89% E. Haraldsson 12 4,92% S. Pasricha 10 4,10% A. Mills 5 2,05% J. B. Tucker 5 2,05% R. I. Anderson 4 1,64% C. A. Meyersburg 3 1,23% J. Keil 3 1,23% J. M. Wheatley 3 1,23% O. Masayuki 3 1,23% A. A. Drewes 2 0,82% B. Goldberg 2 0,82% C. White 2 0,82% D. R. Barker 2 0,82% E. B. Brody 2 0,82% E. W. Cook 2 0,82% G. Mark 2 0,82% H. Cladder 2 0,82% H. H. J. Keil 2 0,82% J. C. Harris 2 0,82% J. K. Onwubalili 2 0,82% J. Parejko 2 0,82% K. D. Farcnik 2 0,82% L. Dossey 2 0,82% L. Patihis 2 0,82% M. Levin 2 0,82% P. O. Ebigbo 2 0,82% P. Ramster 2 0,82% Y. D. Pyun 2 0,82%

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Tabela 21: Principais revistas no campo Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP): Revista Artigos % J. of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. 39 15,98% Journal of Scientific Exploration 20 8,20% J Nerv Ment Dis 11 4,51% Journal of Parapsychology 9 3,69% International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 6 2,46% Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 6 2,46% Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis 5 2,05% American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 4 1,64% EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing 4 1,64% Journal of Asian and African Studies 4 1,64% Journal of Near-Death Studies 4 1,64% Lancet 4 1,64% Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 4 1,64% Indian Journal of Psychiatry 3 1,23% Journal of Psychosomatic Research 3 1,23% NIMHANS Journal 3 1,23% Perceptual and Motor Skills 3 1,23% Transcultural Psychiatry 3 1,23%

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Tabela 22: Principais países com publicações no campo Memórias de Vidas Passadas (MVP): Países Artigos % EUA 79 50,64% Índia 13 8,33% Islândia 10 6,41% Austrália 9 5,77% Reino Unido 9 5,77% Canadá 7 4,49% Holanda 4 2,56% Brasil 3 1,92% Israel 3 1,92% Japão 3 1,92% Nigéria 3 1,92%

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5.6. Transe e Possessão Espiritual:

Foram geradas 1310 referências na pesquisa do campo de Transe e

Possessão e após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, foram analisados

224 artigos (figura 1).

A tabela 23 descreve o panorama geral das pesquisas em Transtornos de Transe e Possessão ao longo das décadas. O número de publicações apresentou pequeno crescimento a partir da década de 1980. Dos artigos selecionados pelos termos-chave utilizados, houve predomínio de revisões

(59.5%) seguido de estudos originais (25.3%), estudos transversais (52.6%), relatos de caso (34.6%).

Os cinco principais autores deste campo foram responsáveis por 8.7% dos artigos, incluindo revisões. Os principais autores da área foram: E. Somer

(2,23%), A. Moreira-Almeida (1,79%), B.-Y. Ng (1,34%), M. van Duijl (1,34%),

R. J. Castillo (1,34%).

Os principais autores do campo Possessão estão listados na tabela

24.

Ao longo das décadas, o número de revistas que publicou artigos do campo foi de 100 revistas e todas elas encontram-se atualmente em circulação. As revistas sem classificação pelo JCR corresponderam a 35%, sendo que 31% das publicações estavam em revistas com impacto entre

1.000 a 3.000. Pelo SCImago, as revistas sem classificação de fator de impacto corresponderam a 9% e 46% foram publicados em revistas com fator de impacto menor que 1.000. O Fator de Impacto médio dessa área pelo JCR foi de 1.728. 100

A figura 8 representa as publicações ao longo dos anos no campo

Possessão.

As revistas que mais publicaram artigos nesse campo foram: “Social

Science Medicine”, “Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry”, “Australian and New

Zeland Journal of Psychiatry”, “Transcultural Psychiatry”, “Anthropology and

Medicine”.

A tabela 25 descreve detalhadamente as principais revistas que publicaram artigos no campo Possessão.

Os principais países que publicaram artigos originais e de revisão no campo Possessão Espiritual foram: EUA (28,72%), Reino Unido (10,26%),

Alemanha (6,15%), Canadá (5,13%), Brasil (4,62%).

A tabela 26 descreve a lista dos países mais importantes em publicações no campo Possessão.

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Tabela 23: Panorama geral do campo Possessão Características Número de Estudos % Ano 224 Até 1980 31 13,84% 1981-1990 40 17,86% 1991-2000 49 21,88% 2001-2010 53 23,66% 2011-2015 51 22,77% Tipos de Estudos Pesquisa Original 57 25,33% Revisão 134 59,56% Editorial, Comentários, Notas 3 1,33% Cartas ao Editor 4 1,78% Revisão de Livros 22 9,78% Anais de Congressos 4 1,78% Desenho dos Estudos Originais Relato de Casos 19 33,33% Transversal 30 52,63% Prospectivo 1 1,75% Descritivo 7 12,28% Revistas 118 Soc Sci Med 18 8,78% Cult Med Psychiatry 11 5,37% Aust N Z J Psychiatry 7 3,41% Transcult Psychiatry 6 2,93% Anthropol Med 4 1,95% Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology 4 1,95% Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 4 1,95% Revistas descontinuadas 18 Autores Principais E. Somer 5 2,44% A. Moreira-Almeida 4 1,95% B.-Y. Ng 3 1,46% M. van Duijl, et al. 3 1,46% R. J. Castillo 3 1,46% Fator de Impacto JCR Sem fator de impacto 35 35,00% Menos de 1.000 22 22,00% 1.00 to 3.00 31 31,00% Maior que 3.000 12 12,00% Fator de Impacto SCImago Sem fator de impacto 9 9,00% Menos de 1.000 46 46,00% 1.00 to 3.00 34 34,00% Maior que 3.000 11 11,00% Países Estados Unidos 56 28,72% Reino Unido 20 10,26% Alemanha 12 6,15% Canadá 10 5,13% Brasil 9 4,62%

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Tabela 24: Principais autores do campo Possessão Autores Artigos % E. Somer 5 2,23% A. Moreira-Almeida 4 1,79% B.-Y. Ng 3 1,34% M. van Duijl, et al. 3 1,34% R. J. Castillo 3 1,34% C. Ward, et al. 2 0,89% E. Cardeña 2 0,89% E. Cohen 2 0,89% E. D. Witthower 2 0,89% E. H. Kua, et al. 2 0,89% H. H. Figge 2 0,89% J. H. Crook 2 0,89% L. G. Peters 2 0,89% R. Lewis-Fernández 2 0,89% S. Ferracuti, et al. 2 0,89% S. Suwanlert 2 0,89% T. Stolovy, et al. 2 0,89%

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Figura 8: Publicações ao longo dos anos no campo Possessão

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20

15

10

5

0 1961 1970 1973 1975 1980 1982 1984 1990 1992 1994 2000 2002 2004 2010 2012 2014 1966 1978 1986 1988 1996 1998 2006 2008

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Tabela 25: Principais revistas com publicações no campo Possessão. Revista Artigos % Soc Sci Med 18 8,04% Cult Med Psychiatry 11 4,91% Aust N Z J Psychiatry 7 3,13% Transcult Psychiatry 6 2,68% Anthropol Med 4 1,79% Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 4 1,79% Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology 4 1,79% Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 4 1,79% Am J Clin Hypn 3 1,34% American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 3 1,34% Int J Soc Psychiatry 3 1,34% Journal of Parapsychology 3 1,34% Parapsychology Review 3 1,34% Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3 1,34% Psychiatry 3 1,34% Rev Bras Psiquiatr 3 1,34%

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Tabela 26: Países com maior número de publicações no campo Possessão País Artigos % EUA 56 28,72% Reino Unido 20 10,26% Alemanha 12 6,15% Canadá 10 5,13% Brasil 9 4,62% Índia 9 4,62% França 8 4,10% Israel 8 4,10% Austrália 6 3,08% Singapura 5 2,56% Malásia 4 2,05% Suécia 4 2,05% Holanda 4 2,05% China 3 1,54% Indonésia 3 1,54% Irã 3 1,54% Itália 3 1,54% Japão 3 1,54%

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5.7. Relação Mente-Cérebro, Transcomunicação, Detecção de

Espíritos:

O campo Relação Mente-Cérebro descreve referências cujos termos- chave não foram apropriadamente contemplados nas outras áreas pesquisadas. Foram geradas 124 referências e incluídas 36 referências.

Transcomunicação Instrumental e Detecção de Espíritos formam dois campos com pequeno número de resultados. Detecção de Espíritos gerou apenas 3 referências e Transcomunicação Instrumental gerou 5 artigos.

84,78% dos artigos dos campos foram publicados após a década de 2001.

A tabela 27 descreve o panorama geral desses campos agrupados (RMC,

TC, DE).

Os artigos foram publicados em 31 revistas. Destas, 16 (51,61%) não tinham avaliação do fator de impacto, 7 (22,58%) foram classificadas com fator de impacto entre 0.000 e 1.000, 3 (9,68%) foram classificadas com fator de impacto entre 1.001 e 3.00 e 5 (16,13%) revistas foram classificadas com fator de impacto maior que 3.000. O Fator de Impacto médio dessa área pelo

JCR foi de 3.505.

A figura 9 descreve o panorama das publicações nos campos Relação

Mente-Cérebro, Transcomunicação e Detecção de Espíritos ao longo dos anos.

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Tabela 27: Panorama geral dos campos Relação Mente-Cérebro, Transcomunicação, Detecção de Espíritos: Características Número de Estudos % Ano Até 1980 4 8,70% 1981-1990 1 2,17% 1991-2000 2 4,35% 2001-2010 21 45,65% 2011-2015 18 39,13% Tipos de Estudos Pesquisa Original 9 19,57% Revisão 17 36,96% Cartas ao Editor 1 2,17% Revisão de livro 19 41,30% Desenho dos estudos originais Relato de caso 1 11,11% Estudos transversais 8 88,89% Revistas principais 31 Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing 5 10,87% Revista De Psiquiatria Clinica 4 8,70% Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2 4,35% Journal of Analytical Psychology 2 4,35% Journal of Scientific Exploration 2 4,35% Jung Journal-Culture & Psyche 2 4,35% The Lancet 2 4,35% Revistas descontinuadas 4 Autores principais A. Moreira-Almeida 4 8,70% E. Cardeña 2 4,35% G. E. Schwartz 2 4,35% I. Barušs 2 4,35% J. Knox 2 4,35% M. Wilkinson 2 4,35% S. Naiburg 2 4,35% V. M. Neppe 2 4,35% Fator de impacto JCR 0,00% Sem fator de impacto 12 44,4% Menor que 1.000 7 25,9% 1.00 to 3.00 3 11,1% Maior que 3.000 5 18,5% Fator de impacto SCIMAGO Sem fator de impacto 4 14,8% Menor que 1.000 14 51,9% 1.00 to 3.00 4 14,8% Maior que 3.000 5 18,5% 108

Figura 9: Publicações ao longo dos anos nos campos Relação Mente- Cérebro, Transcomunicação, Detecção de Espíritos: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

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5.8. Campos Sobrepostos:

Foram analisados campos sobrepostos, definidos como artigos que utilizaram termos de pesquisa comuns a mais de um campo. Após depuração através de revisão dos artigos gerados em cada campo encontrou-se: 39 artigos que utilizaram termos de pesquisa de mais de um campo de pesquisa,

16 artigos que utilizaram termos de pesquisa de Mediunidade e Possessão

Espiritual, 13 artigos que utilizaram termos de pesquisa de EQM e EFC, 5 artigos que utilizaram termos de pesquisa de Mediunidade e Memórias de

Vidas Passadas, 3 artigos que utilizaram termos de pesquisa de Mediunidade e Relação Mente-Cérebro, 1 artigo que utilizou termos de pesquisa de EQM e

EFV e 1 artigo que utilizou termos de pesquisa de EQM e Reencarnação.

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6. Discussão:

Ao longo das décadas, notou-se um aumento na quantidade de artigos em todos os campos avaliados, com exceção dos estudos em Mediunidade, no qual houve um declínio no final do século XX e uma retomada no século

XXI. Em relação aos tipos de artigos, com exceção de Memórias de Vidas

Passadas e Experiências no Final da Vida (predominando estudos originais), os demais campos possuem predomínio de artigos de revisão. A maioria dos artigos foram publicados em periódicos com fator de impacto entre 0 e 3.

O aumento nas últimas décadas da quantidade de artigos que abordaram experiências que potencialmente podem sugerir a autonomia da consciência está em linha com uma tendência mundial, em que houve um grande aumento na disponibilidade de revistas científicas, aumento de programas de pós graduação e a facilidade de buscas e envios de artigos via internet

(Wren, 2005). Encontramos um crescimento geral da produção da investigação de autonomia da consciência de 148% nos períodos de 2009-

2013 em relação a 2004-2008. Comparando-se com outras áreas que foram analisadas em um estudo prévio(Lucchetti e Lucchetti, 2014), percebe-se que o crescimento foi compatível, por exemplo, a área de diabetes (140-143%), menor que as áreas de Medicina Integrativa (186-201%) e meditação (196-

216%) e maior que outras áreas como “saúde e espiritualidade” (121-126%),

Psicossomática (82-122%) e Homeopatia (90%).

Além do crescimento numérico de artigos, é importante investigar o perfil dos periódicos onde foram publicados, notadamente o fator de impacto das revistas. As médias de fatores de impacto dos diferentes temas investigados variaram entre 1.21 a 3.70, sendo que a média geral foi de 2.47, o que é 111 comparável ao de diversas outras áreas. No campo de reabilitação em doenças cérebro e cardiovasculares a média do fator de impacto (JCR) foi de 1.56 (Ugolini et al., 2013) e na Psicologia Positiva foi de 2,64(Rusk e

Waters, 2013). Entre 60% a 70% dos artigos incluídos em nosso estudo foram publicados em revistas que possuíam indexação no JCR, resultado semelhante ao encontrado na área de reabilitação oncológica, em que 66,7% das revistas eram indexadas no JCR (Ugolini et al., 2012), reforçando a semelhança do padrão de publicação com outras áreas.

Considerando os temas de pesquisa investigados neste artigo, temas muitas vezes considerados marginais e que poderiam gerar relutância de editores em publicá-los (Beauregard et al., 2014), é digno de nota o número considerável de publicações encontradas (quase 2000 no total), com um crescimento e um fator de impacto médio similar a outras áreas acadêmicas.

Concordamos com os autores que ponderam que o fator de impacto das revistas não reflete totalmente a qualidade dos artigos publicados(Seglen,

1997). Entretanto, a medida do quanto uma revista é citada em média nos fornece um bom indicador do impacto e do prestígio do periódico no meio acadêmico, sendo esse um critério muito utilizado na ciencitometria atual.

Nossos dados apontam ainda para um número expressivo de artigos de revisões (30% a 60% dependendo da área) e relatos de casos (20% a 30% dependendo da área). Ao investigar uma área ampla que abrange tópicos diversos, várias metodologias de pesquisa e diversidade de sujeitos estudados caracterizam o campo. Poucos estudos considerados como de forte evidência, tais como estudos prospectivos, foram encontrados, revelando não apenas as já conhecidas dificuldades metodológicas da área, 112 bem como possível carência de protocolos mais rigorosos e estudos mais robustos.

Os tópicos Mediunidade e Possessão apresentaram forte predomínio de artigos de revisão, possivelmente por tratarem-se de tópicos em que naturalmente se discute a natureza da consciência (mente) (Moreira-Almeida,

2012). Entretanto, esse predomínio de revisões é também percebido em outras área afins como no campo da Psicologia Social (40% a 60% de revisões) (Leeuwen, 2013), porém é diferente de outras áreas mais biológicas ou biomédicas como nutrição oncológica (23.5%) (Kotepui et al., 2013), gastroenterologia (17.2%) (Chou, 2009) ou ainda medicina preventiva (7%)

(Franks et al., 2006).

No intuito de uma maior compreensão de cada campo e suas respectivas lacunas, optou-se por discutir cada área de forma individualizada. O campo

EQM foi o que gerou mais artigos específicos e o que em números absolutos gerou maior número de estudos transversais e longitudinais. Esse é um campo que, apesar de recente, mostra maior consolidação científica e estudos prospectivos, impulsionados por pesquisas relacionadas a cardiologia e medicina intensiva e forte apelo midiático (Choi, 2011; Morelle,

2013).

O campo EFC apresenta artigos em comum com o campo EQM, por poder ser componente das EQM, mas também tem sido estudado como ocorrência espontânea (Blackmore, S. J., 1986), como experiência passível de ser induzida quer por drogas (Wilkins et al., 2012) ou por outros meios

(Ehrsson, 2007), como fenômeno paranormal (Alvarado, 1989), como fenômeno de ocorrência em situações extremas (Alvarado, 2001), em 113 condições psiquiátricas (Blackmore, S., 1986) e em epilepsia (Greyson et al.,

2014). Pela multiplicidade de estudos em várias áreas, pode-se concluir que o campo apresenta razoável número de estudos que não tem por objetivo avaliar a possibilidade da autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro.

O campo Possessão incluiu número grande de artigos investigativos de transtornos mentais e muitas investigação antropológicas e eminentemente descritivas que na maioria das vezes, apesar de investigarem experiências associadas, não investigam propriamente a questão da sobrevivência da consciência. Esse campo é tópico complexo. A partir do DSM-IIIR houve esforço para se estabelecer as categorias diagnósticas dos transtornos dissociativos (Spiegel e Cardena, 1991), porém o fenômeno transe- possessão está presente em várias culturas e manifestações religiosas, sem que geralmente haja transtorno mental (Moreira-Almeida et al., 2007;

Moreira-Almeida, Alexander et al., 2008; Menezes Júnior e Moreira-Almeida,

2009).

Em relação ao campo Mediunidade, encontramos um grande número de relatos de casos com médiuns, analisando manifestações diversas, como veracidade de informações ou aspectos neurofisiológicos. Nesse campo, incluiu-se também estudos de laboratório sobre percepção extra-sensorial e sobre telepatia, que são áreas que conceitualmente apresentam hipóteses alternativas à mediunidade e demonstram abordagens metodológicas distintas.

Após a década de 2001, a investigação de médiuns adotou critérios metodológicos mais rigorosos, com resultados ainda não completamente aceitos. Uma mudança de paradigma tem surgido nos últimos anos com o 114 desenvolvimento de protocolos experimentais triplo-cegos (French, 2001;

Amatuzzi et al., 2003), que respeitariam de forma mais rigorosa os desenhos científicos atuais.

O campo Memórias de Vidas Passadas gerou número significativo de estudos transversais. Esse campo se caracteriza predominantemente por resultados obtidos pelo relato dos participantes da pesquisa e a análise de sua possível veracidade. Essa particularidade metodológica para esse tipo de pesquisa é corroborada por algumas publicações (Almeida e Lotufo Neto,

2003; Chibeni e Moreira-Almeida, 2007). Há também um amplo debate sobre o quanto fantasia, falsas memórias e hipnose explicariam esses casos

(Schouten e Stevenson, 1998; Meyersburg et al., 2009; Lucchetti, G. et al.,

2013).

O campo Experiências do Final da Vida, apesar de ser um campo recente e com menor número de artigos, foi o campo de maior crescimento na última década em nosso levantamento, provavelmente impulsionado pelo crescimento das pesquisas em cuidados paliativos e espiritualidade

(Lucchetti e Lucchetti, 2014; Richardson, 2014), todavia o fator de Impacto médio dessa área foi inferior ao das outras áreas que compõem o campo amplo que denominamos Autonomia da Consciência em Relação ao Cérebro.

115

7. Limitações:

Algumas limitações podem ser destacadas nesta pesquisa. Primeiro,

trata-se de uma avaliação de estudos indexados em bancos importantes

de artigos científicos, o que resulta na exclusão de artigos em outros

bancos ou ainda na exclusão de estudos que tenham sido publicados

anteriormente a essa indexação, por exemplo artigos do século XIX,

período em que muitos pesquisadores de destaque se dedicaram a

pesquisas sobre sobrevivência da consciência. Segundo, foram excluídos

livros e teses. Apesar da importância que esses estudos têm e tiveram na

ciência como um todo, optamos pela exclusão dos mesmos no intuito de

analisar apenas o que tem sido publicado no formato de artigos

científicos, obedecendo a tendência de outras análises bibliométricas.

Terceiro, apesar da abrangência de termos utilizada, provavelmente há

artigos dessas áreas que não possuem nenhum dos termos-chave

utilizados e não foram incluídos.

Apesar dessas limitações, o presente estudo permite aos pesquisadores

da área compreenderem melhor o que tem sido publicado, a tendência de

crescimento ou não do número de artigos, as principais lacunas no que

diz respeito a metodologia e as revistas que mais se interessam pela

temática na atualidade.

116

8. Conclusão:

Em conclusão, de forma geral, as pesquisas sobre autonomia da consciência em relação ao cérebro têm aumentado nas últimas décadas, em revistas com fator de impacto semelhante ao de outras áreas, porém com predomínio de revisões. A identificação dessas lacunas pode auxiliar na elaboração de novas pesquisas na área. 117

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APÊNDICE 146

Apêndice A: Artigos incluídos na análise bibliométrica 147

Keyterm Year Author Title Ep. Type Category Journal NDE 1976 N. L. Awareness of death in disengagement theory - conceptualization and an Review REVIEW OMEGA Chappell empirical-investigation NDE 1976 C. S. Spencer The effect of near-death experience on death anxiety C.S. OR Journal of Undergraduate Psychological Research NDE 1977 M. B. Sabom Experience of near death C.S. OR Death Education NDE 1977 M. B. Sabom Near-death experiences C.S. OR J Fla Med Assoc NDE 1977 M. B. Sabom Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS NEJM NDE 1977 R. A. Moody Near-death experiences: dilemma for the clinician Review REVIEW Va Med Jr NDE 1977 M. B. Sabom The experience of near death C.S. OR Death Education NDE 1978 M. B. Sabom Experience of near-death in cardiac patient Meeting MEETING Clinical Research NDE 1979 I. Stevenson Near-death experiences - relevance to the question of survival after death Review REVIEW JAMA NDE 1980 R. Noyes Attitude change following near-death experiences C.S. OR Psychiatry NDE 1980 J. Forman Information requested about death or near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Nursing Research NDE 1980 W. S. Sabom Near-death experience - a review from pastoral psychology Review REVIEW Journal of Religion and Health NDE 1980 W. S. Sabom Near-death experience: A review from pastoral psychology Review REVIEW Journal of Religion and Health NDE 1980 M. B. Sabom The near-death experience Letters LETTERS JAMA NDE 1980 R. S. Blacher The near-death experience - reply Letters LETTERS JAMA NDE 1980 B. Greyson The phenomenology of near-death experiences C.S. OR American Journal of Psychiatry NDE 1981 G. O. Do near death experiences occur only near death Review REVIEW Journal of Nervous Gabbard and Mental Disease NDE 1981 K. Ring Do suicide survivors report near-death experiences C.S. OR OMEGA NDE 1981 S. Vicchio Life at death - a scientific investigation of the near death experience - B.R. BOOK Death Education ring,k NDE 1981 M. Grosso Life at death - a scientific investigation of the near-death experience - B.R. BOOK Journal of the ring,k American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1981 R. Noyes Life at death - a scientific investigation of the near-death experience - B.R. BOOK Journal of Nervous ring,k and Mental Disease NDE 1981 K. Osis Life at death - a scientific investigation of the near-death experience - B.R. BOOK Journal of ring,k Parapsychology NDE 1981 S. Vicchio Near-death experiences - a critical-review of the literature and some Review REVIEW Essence questions for further study NDE 1981 B. Greyson Near-death experiences and attempted suicide C.S. OR Suicide Life Threat Behav NDE 1981 V. Krishnan Near-death experiences: Reassessment urged Ed., EDITORIA Parapsychology Comm. L Review NDE 1981 K. Ring Paranormal and other non-ordinary aspects of near-death experiences - Review REVIEW Essence implications for a new paradigm NDE 1981 R. Schulz Review of Life at Death: A Scientific Investigation of the Near Death B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques Experience NDE 1981 S. Vicchio Special issue - near death experiences - guest editorial Ed., EDITORIA Essence Comm. L NDE 1981 S. E. Braude The holographic analysis of near-death experiences - the perpetuation of Review REVIEW Essence some deep mistakes NDE 1981 J. C. Gibbs The near-death experience: Balancing Siegel's view Review REVIEW American Psychologist NDE 1981 M. B. Sabom The near-death experience: Myth or reality? A methodological approach Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1981 C. R. Lundahl The perceived other world in Mormon near-death experiences: A social C.S. OR OMEGA and physical description NDE 1981 R. K. Siegel The psychology of life after death: Reply Letters LETTERS American Psychologist NDE 1981 M. Grosso Toward an explanation of near-death phenomena Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1982 L. E. Thomas Incidence of near-death and intense spiritual experiences in an C.S. OR OMEGA intergenerational sample - an interpretation NDE 1982 W. C. Hamby Life at death - a scientific investigation of the near-death experience - B.R. BOOK Journal for the ring,k Scientific Study of Religion NDE 1982 J. Richards Moody,raymond, near-death experiences and life after death B.R. BOOK Essence NDE 1982 P. Gallagher Over easy: A cultural anthropologist's near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1982 C. B. Becker The failure of Saganomics: Why birth models cannot explain near-death Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death phenomena Studies NDE 1982 R. Noyes The human experience of death or, what can we learn from near-death Review REVIEW OMEGA experiences? NDE 1982 M. Grey The near-death experience Review REVIEW Dynamische Psychiatrie NDE 1983 I. R. Judson A near-death experience Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1983 M. L. Morse A near-death experience in a 7-year-old child Case OR Am J Dis Child Report NDE 1983 M. Grosso Jung, parapsychology, and the near-death experience: Toward a Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death transpersonal paradigm Studies NDE 1983 B. Greyson Near-death experiences and personal values C.S. OR American Journal of 148

Psychiatry NDE 1983 T. P. Locke Personality-correlates of the near-death experience - a preliminary-study C.S. OR Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1983 J. J. Heaney Recent studies of near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Religion and Health NDE 1983 N. E. Bush The near-death experience in children: Shades of the prison-house Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death reopening Studies NDE 1983 B. Greyson The near-death experience scale. Construction, reliability, and validity C.S. OR Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease NDE 1983 B. Greyson The psychodynamics of near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease NDE 1984 J. Kamerman A collection of near-death research readings - scientific inquiries into the B.R. BOOK Contemporary experiences of persons near physical death - lundahl,cr Sociology-a Journal of Reviews NDE 1984 R. K. Siegel A collection of near-death research readings - scientific inquiries into the B.R. BOOK Death Education experiences of persons near physical death - lundahl,cr NDE 1984 S. Straight A wave among waves: Katherine Anne Porter's near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1984 R. K. Siegel Hashish near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1984 S. Grof Heading toward omega - in search of the meaning of the near-death B.R. BOOK Journal of experience - ring,k Transpersonal Psychology NDE 1984 D. S. Rogo Ketamine and the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1984 R. K. Siegel Life at death - a scientific investigation of the near-death experience - B.R. BOOK Death Education ring,k NDE 1984 S. A. Near-death experiences and religion: A further investigation Review REVIEW Journal of Religion Mclaughlin and Health NDE 1984 S. W. The influence of demographic/psychological factors and preexisting C.S. OR OMEGA Twemlow conditions on the near-death experience NDE 1985 C. E. Schorer 2 native-american near-death experiences Case OR OMEGA Report NDE 1985 B. Greyson A typology of near-death experiences Ed., EDITORIA American Journal of Comm. L Psychiatry NDE 1985 K. Ring From Alpha to Omega: Ancient mysteries and the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1985 J. C. Gibbs Moody's versus Siegel's interpretation of the near-death experience: An Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death evaluation based on recent research Studies NDE 1985 C. J. H. Brink Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS South African Medical Journal NDE 1985 M. A. Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS South African Medical Simpson Journal NDE 1985 L. Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS South African Medical Vanieperen Journal NDE 1985 M. L. Morse Near-death experiences in a pediatric population. A preliminary report C.S. OR Am J Dis Child NDE 1985 D. B. Herzog Near-death experiences in the very young C.S. OR Critical Care Medicine NDE 1985 T. Near-death experiences: An examination of the supporting data and Review REVIEW Death Studies Rodabough alternative explanations NDE 1985 C. Freeman Near-death experiences: Implications for medical personnel Review REVIEW Occupational Health Nursing NDE 1985 K. D. Psychosomatic reactions of near-death experiences. A state of affective C.S. OR Zeitschrift für Stumpfe dissociation Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse NDE 1985 B. C. Bates The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of near-death experience Review REVIEW Am J Orthopsychiatry NDE 1985 R. The near-death experience - greyson,b, Flynn,Cp B.R. BOOK OMEGA Kastenbaum NDE 1985 R. Fulton The near-death experience - problems, prospects, perspectives - B.R. BOOK Contemporary greyson,b, Flynn,Cp Sociology-a Journal of Reviews NDE 1985 S. J. The near-death experience - problems, prospects, perspectives - B.R. BOOK Journal of Blackmore greyson,b, flynn,cp Parapsychology NDE 1985 R. C. The near-death experience - problems, prospects, perspectives - B.R. BOOK Contemporary Erickson greyson,b, flynn,cp Psychology NDE 1985 D. Royse The near-death experience: A survey of clergy's attitudes and knowledge C.S. OR Journal of Pastoral Care NDE 1986 M. L. Morse Childhood near-death experiences C.S. OR Am J Dis Child NDE 1986 P. Shaver Heading toward omega - in search of the meaning of the near-death B.R. BOOK Contemporary experience - Ring,K Psychology NDE 1986 B. Greyson Incidence of near-death experiences following attempted suicide C.S. OR Suicide Life Threat Behav NDE 1986 J. Pennachio Near-death experience as mystical experience Review REVIEW Journal of Religion and Health NDE 1986 C. Cherry Near-death experiences and the problem of evidence for survival after Review REVIEW Religious Studies death NDE 1986 R. P. Burruss Near-death experiences in a pediatric population: Morse M, Conner D, Ed., EDITORIA The Journal of Tyler D. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139:595–600 Comm. L Emergency Medicine NDE 1986 S. Pasricha Near-death experiences in India: A preliminary report C.S. OR Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease NDE 1986 C. S. The near-death experience - problems, prospects, perspectives - B.R. BOOK Journal of Nervous 149

Alvarado greyson,b, flynn,cp and Mental Disease NDE 1986 F. G. Greene The near-death experience - problems, prospects, perspectives - B.R. BOOK Journal of the greyson,b, flynn,cp American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1986 M. J. Kelly The near-death experience - problems, prospects, perspectives - B.R. BOOK Journal of Geriatric greyson,b, flynn,cp Psychiatry NDE 1986 D. Raft Transformations in self-understanding after near-death experiences Review REVIEW Contemporary Psychoanalysis NDE 1987 R. G. Adams A collection of near-death research readings - scientific inquiries into the B.R. BOOK Sociological Inquiry experiences of persons near physical death - lundahl,cr NDE 1987 B. G. Furn Adjustment and the near-death experience: A conceptual and therapeutic Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death model Studies NDE 1987 J. B. Geraci Comments on Bette Furn's "adjustment and the near-death experience" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1987 B. G. Furn Cross-cultural counseling and the near-death experience: Some Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death elaborations Studies NDE 1987 F. G. Greene Heading toward omega - in search of the meaning of the near-death B.R. BOOK Journal of the experience - ring,k American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1987 L. A. Otherworld journeys - accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Journal for the Kirkpatrick modern times - zaleski,cg Scientific Study of Religion NDE 1987 K. Clark Response to "adjustment and the near-death experience" Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1987 J. G. Matlock Return from death - an exploration of the near-death experience - grey,m B.R. BOOK Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1987 C. S. Return from death - an exploration of the near-death experience - grey,m B.R. BOOK Journal of Alvarado Parapsychology NDE 1987 J. Mcdonagh Review of Bette Furn's "Adjustment and the near-death experience." Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1987 W. J. The near-death experience - is the presence always the higher self Review REVIEW OMEGA Serdahely NDE 1987 D. Lorimer The near-death experience and spiritual health C.S. OR Holistic Medicine NDE 1988 L. Davis A comparison of UFO and near-death experiences as vehicles for the Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death evolution of human consciousness Studies NDE 1988 H. An Israeli account of a near-death experience: A case study of cultural Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Abramovitch dissonance Studies NDE 1988 A. Kellehear Community attitudes toward near-death experiences: An Australian study C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1988 A. R. Singh Death, dying and near death experience: Preliminary report on surveying C.S. OR Indian Journal of the need and developing the method Psychiatry NDE 1988 B. Greyson Editorial: Can science explain the near-death experience? Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1988 K. Ring Guest editorial: Paradise is paradise: Reflections on psychedelic drugs, Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death mystical experience, and the near-death experience Comm. L Studies NDE 1988 W. J. Guest editorial: Why near-death experiences intrigue Us Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Serdahely Comm. L Studies NDE 1988 D. K. Helping patients who've had near-death experiences Review REVIEW Nursing Corcoran NDE 1988 J. Pennachio Near-death experiences and self-transformation C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1988 K. Osis Otherworld journeys - accounts of near-death experience in medieval and Ed., EDITORIA Journal for the modern times - zaleski,c Comm. L Scientific Study of Religion NDE 1988 G. O. Otherworld journeys - accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Journal of Nervous Gabbard modern times - zaleski,c and Mental Disease NDE 1988 J. J. Heaney Otherworld journeys accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Horizons modern times - zaleski,c NDE 1988 B. A. Otherworld journeys, accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Studia Mystica Standrews modern times - zaleski,c NDE 1988 K. Ring Prophetic visions in 1988: A critical reappraisal Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1988 C. Psychic phenomena following near-death experiences: An Australian C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Sutherland study Studies NDE 1988 H. J. Irwin The devil in heaven: A near-death experience with both positive and Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death negative facets Studies NDE 1988 G. Roberts The near-death experience Ed., EDITORIA Br J Psychiatry Comm. L NDE 1988 J. G. Matlock The near-death experience - a basic introduction - mickel,ha B.R. BOOK Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1988 W. J. The near-death experience of a culture Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Serdahely Studies NDE 1988 P. Byl The near-death experience--moving toward enlightenment Review REVIEW Kans Nurse NDE 1988 J. C. Gibbs Three perspectives on tragedy and suffering: The relevance of near-death Review REVIEW Journal of Psychology experience research and Theology NDE 1988 J. M. Holden Unexpected findings in a study of visual perception during the naturalistic Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death near-death out-of-body experience Studies NDE 1988 J. M. Holden Visual perception during naturalistic near-death out-of-body experiences C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1988 W. J. What carers need to understand about the near-death experience Review REVIEW Geriatr Nurs 150

Serdahely NDE 1989 J. C. A neurobiological model for near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Saavedra- Studies Aguilar NDE 1989 F. O. Walker A nowhere near-death experience: heavenly choirs interrupt myelography Letters LETTERS JAMA NDE 1989 W. J. A pediatric near-death experience - tunnel variants C.S. OR OMEGA Serdahely NDE 1989 M. Grosso After the beyond - human transformation and the near-death experience - B.R. BOOK Journal of the flynn,cp American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1989 I. Stevenson Are persons reporting near-death experiences really near death - a study C.S. OR OMEGA of medical records NDE 1989 R. S. Blacher Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 G. O. Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Gabbard Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 J. F. Mcharg Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 M. L. Morse Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 R. Noyes Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 E. Rodin Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 B. A. Walker Health-care professionals and the near-death experience Review REVIEW Death Studies NDE 1989 E. R. Hayes Interdisciplinary perceptions of the near-death experience: Implications C.S. OR Death Studies for professional education and practice NDE 1989 M. A. Modern neuroscience and near-death experiences: Expectancies and Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Persinger implications. Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death Comm. L Studies experiences" NDE 1989 K. L. R. Near death experience and the NMDA receptor Letters LETTERS British Medical Jansen Journal NDE 1989 L. Appleby Near death experience: Analogous to other stress induced psychological Ed., EDITORIA British Medical phenomena Comm. L Journal NDE 1989 J. Trevelyan Near death experiences Letters LETTERS Nursing times NDE 1989 B. Gordon Near-death experience Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1989 S. Stokes Near-death experience Letters LETTERS Br J Psychiatry NDE 1989 P. James Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1989 M. Rea Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1989 J. Wilson Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1989 M. L. Morse Near-death experiences: A neurophysiologic explanatory model Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1989 V. M. Neppe Near-death experiences: A new challenge in temporal lobe Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death phenomenology? Comments on "A neurobiological model for near-death Comm. L Studies experiences" NDE 1989 D. B. Carr On the evolving neurobiology of the near-death experience: Comments on Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death "A neurobiological model for near-death experiences" Comm. L Studies NDE 1989 L. S. Otherworld journeys - accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Journal of Religious Davidson modern times - zaleski,c History NDE 1989 J. G. Matlock Otherworld journeys - accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Journal of the modern times - zaleski,c American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1989 J. C. Response to commentaries on "A neurobiological model for near-death Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Saavedra- experiences" Studies Aguilar NDE 1989 K. L. R. The near-death experience Letters LETTERS Br J Psychiatry Jansen NDE 1989 S. L. Quimby The near-death experience as an event in consciousness Review REVIEW Journal of Humanistic Psychology NDE 1989 G. Groth- The near-death experience: A review and critique Review REVIEW Journal of Humanistic Marnat Psychology NDE 1989 S. J. The physiology of the tunnel Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Blackmore Studies NDE 1990 W. J. A near-death experience at birth Case OR Death Studies Serdahely Report NDE 1990 E. R. Hayes A study of the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of nurses in C.S. OR Loss Grief and Care practice related to the near-death experience NDE 1990 C. Changes in religious beliefs, attitudes, and practices following near-death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Sutherland experiences: An Australian study Studies NDE 1990 A. Kellehear Community attitudes toward near-death experiences: A Chinese study C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1990 J. P. Enigma of the near-death experience Review REVIEW Indian Journal of Pandarakala Psychological m Medicine NDE 1990 C. B. Becker Extrasensory perception, near-death experiences, and the limits of Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death scientific knowledge Studies NDE 1990 J. E. Owens Features of "near-death experience" in relation to whether or not patients C.S. OR Lancet were near death NDE 1990 S. Loader Heaven can wait: near death experiences Review REVIEW Professional nurse (London, England) NDE 1990 J. M. Holden Life review in a non-near-death episode - a comparison with near-death C.S. OR Journal of experiences Transpersonal 151

Psychology NDE 1990 L. Morabito Love and God in the near-death experience Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1990 B. Greyson Near-death encounters with and without near-death experiences: C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Comparative NDE scale profiles Studies NDE 1990 C. Near-death experience by proxy: A case study Case OR Journal of Near-Death Sutherland Report Studies NDE 1990 J. White Near-death experiences and Homo noeticus Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1990 M. D. Near-death experiences and the measurement of blood gases Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Gliksman Studies NDE 1990 N. Schnaper Near-death experiences: Perception is reality Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1990 K. L. R. Neuroscience and the near-death experience - roles for the nmsa-pcp Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses Jansen receptor, the sigma-receptor and the endopsychosins NDE 1990 S. Otherworld journeys - accounts of near-death experience in medieval and B.R. BOOK Journal of Religion Zimdarsswa modern times - zaleski,c rtz NDE 1990 W. J. Pediatric near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Serdahely Studies NDE 1990 E. J. The near-death experience and the Taoism of Chuang Tzu Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Hermann Studies NDE 1990 C. M. The near-death experience as a major life transition Review REVIEW Holistic nursing Dougherty practice NDE 1990 A. Kellehear The near-death experience as status passage Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med NDE 1990 W. J. The near-death experience of a nonverbal person with congenital Case OR Journal of Near-Death Serdahely quadriplegia Report Studies NDE 1990 E. W. Fenske The near-death experience: An ancient truth, a modern mystery Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1990 M. D. The near-death experience: Implications for nursing education Review REVIEW Loss Grief and Care Mcevoy NDE 1990 L. Rhodes The near-death experience: Private or public? Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1991 W. J. A comparison of retrospective accounts of childhood near-death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Serdahely experiences with contemporary pediatric near-death experience accounts Studies NDE 1991 V. Krishnan A neurobiological model for near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1991 K. Ring Amazing grace: The near-death experience as a compensatory gift Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1991 P. S. Weibust Being one with god is something that can be done without rules: Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Commentary on Allan Kellehear's "Near-death experiences and the pursuit Comm. L Studies of the ideal society" NDE 1991 A. Mills Commentary on Allan Kellehear's "Near-death experiences and the pursuit Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death of the ideal society" Comm. L Studies NDE 1991 G. O. Do "near-death experiences" occur only near death?-revisited Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Gabbard Studies NDE 1991 L. Barnett Hospice nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward the near-death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death experience Studies NDE 1991 J. E. Owens Near-death experience Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1991 M. L. Morse Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1991 S. D. Rosen Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1991 D.J.B. Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet Thomas NDE 1991 B. Greyson Near-death experiences and systems theories - a biosociological approach Review REVIEW Journal of Mind and to mystical states Behavior NDE 1991 A. Kellehear Near-death experiences and the pursuit of the ideal society Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1991 S. B. Near-death experiences in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Schoenbeck resuscitation Studies NDE 1991 B. Greyson Near-death experiences precipitated by suicide attempt: Lack of influence C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death of psychopathology, religion, and expectations Studies NDE 1991 E. A. Maitz Phenomenological quantification of an out-of-the-body experience C.S. OR OMEGA associated with a near-death event NDE 1991 B. K. Recurrent near-death experience with post-vagotomy syndrome Case OR J R Soc Med Bhowmick Report NDE 1991 M. Insinger The impact of a near-death experience on family relationships C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1991 R. Basil The popular appeal of the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1991 B. A. Walker Three near-death experiences with premonitions of what could have been Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1991 K. L. R. Transcendental explanations and near-death experience Letters LETTERS Lancet Jansen NDE 1992 Z. Feng A research on near-death experiences of survivors in big earthquake of C.S. OR Chinese Journal of Tangshan, 1976 Neurology and Psychiatry NDE 1992 C. R. Lundahl Angels in near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1992 B. Greyson Distressing near-death experiences Review REVIEW Psychiatry NDE 1992 P. M. H. Is there a hell? Surprising observations about the near-death experience C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Atwater Studies NDE 1992 T. Harpur Near-death experience denied Letters LETTERS Canadian Medical 152

Association Journal NDE 1992 M. J. Tuttle Near-death experience denied Letters LETTERS Canadian Medical Association Journal NDE 1992 M. J. Tuttle Near-death experience denied - reply Letters LETTERS Canadian Medical Association Journal NDE 1992 F. Zhi-ying Near-death experiences among survivors of the 1976 Tangshan C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death earthquake Studies NDE 1992 M. Olson Near-death experiences and the elderly C.S. OR Holistic nursing practice NDE 1992 B. Greyson Reduced death threat in near-death experiences C.S. OR Death Studies NDE 1992 W. J. Similarities between near-death experiences and multiple personality Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Serdahely disorder Studies NDE 1992 W. J. The near-death experience and caregivers: helping and being helped Review REVIEW Caring Serdahely NDE 1992 J. C. Pace The phantom leaf effect and its implications for near-death and out-of- Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death body experiences Studies NDE 1992 R. B. Cook The resurrection as near-death experience Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1993 J. S. Gómez- A near-death experience among the Mapuche people Case OR Journal of Near-Death Jeria Report Studies NDE 1993 R. Pilkington Closer to the light - learning from childrens near-death experiences - B.R. BOOK Journal of the morse,m American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1993 A. Kellehear Culture, biology, and the near-death experience. A reappraisal Review REVIEW Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease NDE 1993 C. Carr Death and near-death - a comparison of tibetan and euro-american Review REVIEW Journal of experiences Transpersonal Psychology NDE 1993 S. B. Exploring the mystery of near-death experiences Review REVIEW American Journal of Schoenbeck Nursing NDE 1993 K. Ring Further evidence for veridical perception during near-death experiences C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1993 M. Olson Life satisfaction, life review, and near-death experiences in the elderly C.S. OR Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses" Association NDE 1993 D. Steinmetz Moses' "Revelation" on Mount Horeb as a near-death experience Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1993 B. Williams Near-death experience denied Letters LETTERS Canadian Medical Association Journal NDE 1993 M. J. Tuttle Near-death experience denied - reply Letters LETTERS Canadian Medical Association Journal NDE 1993 B. Greyson Near-death experiences and antisuicidal attitudes C.S. OR OMEGA NDE 1993 B. Greyson Near-death experiences and the physio-kundalini syndrome C.S. OR Journal of Religion and Health NDE 1993 S. J. Near-death experiences in India: They have tunnels too C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Blackmore Studies NDE 1993 W. J. Optical imaging and near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Serdahely Studies NDE 1993 C. R. Lundahl Otherworld personal future revelations in near-death experiences B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1993 J. M. Holden Risk management in hypnotic recall of near-death experiences C.S. OR American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis NDE 1993 E. J. Cole The near death experience Review REVIEW Intensive Crit Care Nurs NDE 1993 H. J. Irwin The near-death experience as a dissociative phenomenon: An empirical C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death assessment Studies NDE 1993 C. R. Lundahl The near-death experience: A theoretical summarization Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1993 M. D. Miller Therapeutic effects of a near-death experience in anorexia nervosa Case OR Adolesc Psychiatry Report NDE 1993 B. Greyson Varieties of near-death experience C.S. OR Psychiatry NDE 1994 J. Wrenlewis Aftereffects of near-death experiences - a survival mechanism hypothesis Review REVIEW Journal of Transpersonal Psychology NDE 1994 L. H. Moore An assessment of physicians' knowledge of and attitudes toward the near- C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death death experience Studies NDE 1994 M. Vinter An insight into the afterlife? Informing patients about near death Review REVIEW Professional nurse experiences (London, England) NDE 1994 L. A. Dying to live - near-death experiences - blackmore,s B.R. BOOK Contemporary Kirkpatrick Psychology NDE 1994 J. Palmer Dying to live - science and the near-death experience - blackmore,s B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology NDE 1994 G. Kieffer Kundalini and the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1994 W. R. Life and near-death in the intensive care unit: A personal experience Review REVIEW Critical Care Clinics Hayden NDE 1994 M. L. Morse Near death experiences and death-related visions in children: Implications Review Review Current Problems in for the clinician Pediatrics NDE 1994 V. Hedly Near-death - experiences and reactions in caring for severely ill and dying Ed., EDITORIA Scandinavian Journal people Comm. L of Social Welfare 153

NDE 1994 S. J. Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet Blackmore NDE 1994 M. L. Morse Near-death experiences of children C.S. OR J Pediatr Oncol Nurs NDE 1994 I. M. Near-death experiences of children Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Pediatric Martinson Comm. L Oncology Nursing NDE 1994 F. Machovec Near-death experiences: Psychotherapeutic aspects Review REVIEW Psychotherapy in Private Practice NDE 1994 P. R. Near-death-experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. C.S. OR Resuscitation Martens Meaningful phenomena or just fantasy of death? NDE 1994 L. S. Jones Nearing death awareness Letters LETTERS American Journal of Nursing NDE 1994 T. Lempert Syncope and near-death experience Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 1994 M. S. The near-death experience following multiple trauma Case OR Critical Care Nurse Sommers Report NDE 1994 C. F. Carlson The omega project - near-death experiences, ufo encounters, and mind at B.R. BOOK Journal of the large - ring,k American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1994 K. Osis The omega project - near-death experiences, ufo encounters, and mind at B.R. BOOK Journal of the large - ring,k (vol 88, pg 71, 1994) American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1995 M. C. Norton Describing the light: Attribution theory as an explanation of the near- Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death death experience Studies NDE 1995 R. M. Disclosure needs and motives after a near-death experience C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Hoffman Studies NDE 1995 R. I. Dying to live - science and the near-death experience - blackmore,s B.R. BOOK Journal of the Anderson American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1995 J. T. Green Lucid dreams as one method of replicating components of the near-death Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death experience in a laboratory setting Studies NDE 1995 R. B. Cook Moses' "revelation" on Mount Horeb as a near-death experience Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1995 L. Ember Ota survives near-death hill experience Ed., EDITORIA Chemical & Comm. L Engineering News NDE 1995 R. M. Orne The meaning of survival: the early aftermath of a near-death experience C.S. OR Res Nurs Health NDE 1995 W. J. Variations from the prototypic near-death experience: The "individually Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Serdahely tailored" hypothesis Studies NDE 1996 D. J. Benor Disappointed by author's views on near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Altern Ther Health Med NDE 1996 K. Floyd ECT: TNT or TLC? A near-death experience triggered by electroconvulsive Case OR Journal of Near-Death therapy Report Studies NDE 1996 J. M. Holden Effect on emotional well-being of hypnotic recall of the near-death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death experience Studies NDE 1996 L. K. Manley Enchanted journeys: near-death experiences and the emergency nurse Review REVIEW Journal of emergency nursing: JEN : official publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association NDE 1996 L. N. Hill My not-so-near-death experience Ed., EDITORIA Ann Intern Med Comm. L NDE 1996 J. H. Near death experience Letters LETTERS Journal of Nervous Steinmeijer and Mental Disease NDE 1996 S. J. Near-death experiences C.S. OR J R Soc Med Blackmore NDE 1996 A. Pacciolla The near-death experience: A study of its validity C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1996 C. S. The truth in the light: An investigation of over 300 near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Alvarado - Fenwick,P, Fenwick,E Parapsychology NDE 1996 C. S. Transformed by the light: The powerful effect of near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Alvarado on people's lives - Morse,M, Perry,P Parapsychology NDE 1997 M. L. Morse Commentary on Jansen's paper Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 1997 A. Bianchi Comments on "The ketamine model of the near-death experience: A Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death central role for the N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor." Comm. L Studies NDE 1997 S. W. Discussion of "The ketamine model of the near-death experience: A central Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Twemlow role for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor," by Karl L. R. Jansen Comm. L Studies NDE 1997 J. Mcclenon Experiences near death: Beyond medicine and religion - Kellehear,A B.R. BOOK Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1997 R. Nossen Experiences near death: Beyond medicine and religion - Kellehear,A B.R. BOOK International Journal of Comparative Sociology NDE 1997 T. K. Basford Experiences near death: Beyond medicine and religion - Kellehear,A B.R. BOOK Death Studies NDE 1997 P. Fenwick Is the near-death experience only N-methyl-D-aspartate blocking? Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1997 L. 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NDE 1997 J. C. Gibbs Surprise—and discovery?—in the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1997 B. Baker Team traps: Survival stories and lessons from team disasters, near misses, B.R. BOOK Quality Progress mishaps, and other near-death experiences - Rayner,SR NDE 1997 K. L. R. The ketamine model of the near-death experience: A central role for the N- Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Jansen methyl-D-aspartate receptor Studies NDE 1997 R. L. Wrenn The near death experience: A reader B.R. BOOK OMEGA NDE 1997 B. Greyson The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention C.S. OR Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease NDE 1997 C. S. The near-death experience: A reader - Bailey,LW, Yates,J B.R. BOOK Journal of the Alvarado American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1997 C. Musgrave The near-death experience: A study of spiritual transformation C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1998 H. [Implication of near-death experience for the elderly in terminal care] Case OR Nihon Ronen Igakkai Yamamura Report Zasshi NDE 1998 B. Greyson A farther shore: How near-death and other extraordinary experiences can B.R. BOOK Journal of the change ordinary lives American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1998 G. Groth- Altered beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors following near-death experiences C.S. OR Journal of Humanistic Marnat Psychology NDE 1998 B. Greyson Biological aspects of near-death experiences Review REVIEW Perspectives in Biology and Medicine NDE 1998 M. B. Liester Inner communications following the near-death experience C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 1998 T. Copley On the other side of life: Exploring the phenomenon of the near-death B.R. BOOK British Journal of experience Educational Psychology NDE 1998 R. I. On the other side of life: Exploring the phenomenon of the near-death B.R. BOOK Journal of the Anderson experience American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1998 E. E. On the other side of life: Exploring the phenomenon of the near-death Letters LETTERS British Journal of Valarino experience. Response Educational Psychology NDE 1998 R. I. The last laugh: A new philosophy of near-death experiences, apparitions, B.R. BOOK Journal of the Anderson and the paranormal American Society for Psychical Research NDE 1998 W. B. The life of the world to come: Near-death experience and Christian hope B.R. BOOK Journal of Religion Parsons NDE 1998 J. M. The meaning and intensity of the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Sahlman Studies NDE 1998 J. Wade The phenomenology of near-death consciousness in past-life regression C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death therapy: A pilot study Studies NDE 1999 M. Chaban An evaluation of the research data behind near-death experiences, out of Meeting MEETING Journal of Palliative body experiences, and their relevance to clinical practice in thanatology Care NDE 1999 L. Audain Gender and trauma in the near-death experience: An epidemiological and C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death theoretical analysis Studies NDE 1999 J. C. Gibbs God, tragedy and the near-death experience: Evaluating Kushner's Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death perspectives on Theodley Studies NDE 1999 H. S. Pashley Light & Death: One Doctor's Fascinating Account of Near-Death B.R. BOOK AORN Journal Experiences NDE 1999 D. Liechty On the other side of life: Exploring the phenomenon of the near-death B.R. BOOK Journal of Religion experience and Health NDE 1999 P. W. Schenk The benefits of working with a "dead" patient: Hypnotically facilitated Review REVIEW American Journal of pseudo near-death experiences Clinical Hypnosis NDE 1999 D. S. Paulson The near-death experience: An integration of cultural, spiritual and Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death physical perspectives Studies NDE 2000 B. Herren A near death experience through a daughter's eyes Case OR Rehabil Nurs Report NDE 2000 R. J. A near-death experience followed by the visitation of an "angel-like" being Case OR Journal of Near-Death Bonenfant Report Studies NDE 2000 E. W. Kelly Can experiences near death furnish evidence of life after death? C.S. OR OMEGA NDE 2000 B. Greyson Dissociation in people who have near-death experiences: out of their C.S. OR Lancet bodies or out of their minds? NDE 2000 D. Lester Major dimensions of near-death experiences C.S. OR Psychological Reports NDE 2000 J. Houran Mindsight: Near-death and out-of-body experiences in the blind B.R. BOOK Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease NDE 2000 H. J. Irwin Mindsight: Near-death and out-of-body experiences in the blind B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology NDE 2000 J. Davies Near-death experiences Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Royal Comm. L Society for the Promotion of Health NDE 2000 G. F. Ellwood Religious experience, religious worldviews, and near-death studies Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2000 M. B. Sabom Response to Gracia Fay Ellwood's "religious experience, religious Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death worldviews, and near-death studies Studies NDE 2000 M. Farias The Last Laugh - A new philosophy of near-death experiences, apparitions B.R. BOOK Journal of and the paranormal Consciousness Studies NDE 2000 G. E. The near death experience as a product of isolated subcortical brain Case OR Journal of Near-Death Wettach function Report Studies NDE 2000 B. Three fictional deaths compared with the near-death experience Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Haussamen Studies 155

NDE 2001 L. W. Bailey A "little death": The near-death experience and Tibetan Delogs Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2001 R. J. A child's encounter with the devil: An unusual near-death experience with Case OR Journal of Near-Death Bonenfant both blissful and frightening elements Report Studies NDE 2001 S. Parnia A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and C.S. OR Resuscitation aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors NDE 2001 A. Kellehear An Hawaiian near-death experience Case OR Journal of Near-Death Report Studies NDE 2001 H. Different kinds of near-death experience: A report on a survey of near- C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Knoblauch death experiences in Germany Studies NDE 2001 C. C. French Dying to know the truth: visions of a dying brain, or false memories? Ed., EDITORIA Lancet Comm. L NDE 2001 J. Y. Ting Hyperosmolar diabetic non-ketotic coma, hyperkalaemia and an unusual Case OR Eur J Emerg Med near death experience Report NDE 2001 S. M. Near death experience: a concept analysis as applied to nursing Review REVIEW J Adv Nurs Simpson NDE 2001 P. Van Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective study Prospecti OR Lancet Lommel in the Netherlands ve NDE 2001 K. Fritzon Near-death experience: The role of victim reaction in attempted homicide Case OR Journal of Report Interpersonal Violence NDE 2001 E. W. Kelly Near-death experiences with reports of meeting deceased people C.S. OR Death Studies NDE 2001 B. Greyson Posttraumatic stress symptoms following near-death experiences C.S. OR Am J Orthopsychiatry NDE 2001 M. Potts Sensory experiences in near death experiences and the Thomistic view of Review REVIEW International Journal the soul for Philosophy of Religion NDE 2001 H. P. Kainz The last laugh: A new philosophy of near death experiences, apparitions, B.R. BOOK Journal of and the paranormal Parapsychology NDE 2001 J. T. Green The near-death experience as a shamanic initiation: A case study Case OR Journal of Near-Death Report Studies NDE 2001 K. E. The near-death experience: Knowledge and attitudes of college students C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Ketzenberge Studies r NDE 2001 R. Patterson Victoria Claflin Woodhull's near-death experience: brain rest therapy as Review REVIEW J Med Biogr strategy NDE 2002 J. A. Boss A phenomenological study of near-death experiences, Ultimate Reality and Review REVIEW Ultimate Reality and life after death Meaning NDE 2002 N. E. Bush Afterward: Making meaning after a frightening near-death experience Case OR Journal of Near-Death Report Studies NDE 2002 A. Hirshfeld- DMT: The spirit molecule: A doctor's revolutionary research into the B.R. BOOK American Journal of Flores biology of near-death and mystical experiences Psychiatry NDE 2002 P. Van Erratum: Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: A Ed., EDITORIA Lancet Lommel prospective study in the Netherlands Comm. L NDE 2002 P. Cvrček Ketamine block of NMDA receptors and pathophysiological model of Review REVIEW Ceska a Slovenska "near-death experience" Psychiatrie NDE 2002 H. Hemling Near death experience Case OR Arztezeitschrift fur Report Naturheilverfahren NDE 2002 M. Hörning Near death experience: Commentary Ed., EDITORIA Arztezeitschrift fur Comm. L Naturheilverfahren NDE 2002 U. Fauth Near death experience: Introduction to phenomenology and Meeting MEETING Journal fur Anasthesie neurophysiological interpretations und Intensivbehandlung NDE 2002 S. Parnia Near death experiences in cardiac arrest: visions of a dying brain or C.S. OR Resuscitation visions of a new science of consciousness NDE 2002 P. Van Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest. A study in the Prospecti OR Biomedicine and Lommel Netherlands ve Pharmacotherapy NDE 2002 R. T. Couper Near-death experiences Ed., EDITORIA Lancet Comm. L NDE 2002 A. H. Bardy Near-death experiences Ed., EDITORIA Lancet Comm. L NDE 2002 G. Buzzi Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 2002 J. M. Evans Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Lancet NDE 2002 D. Shears Near-death experiences in children during meningococcal disease C.S. OR Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry NDE 2002 I. Schmied Sociocultural aspects of near death experiences Meeting MEETING Journal fur Anasthesie und Intensivbehandlung NDE 2003 C. R. Gaus An insider's perspective on the near-death experience of AHCPR Review REVIEW Health Aff (Millwood) NDE 2003 D. Lester Depth of near-death experiences and confounding factors C.S. OR Perceptual and Motor Skills NDE 2003 B. Greyson Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit C.S. OR General Hospital Psychiatry NDE 2003 B. Greyson Near-death experiences in a psychiatric outpatient clinic population C.S. 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NDE 2003 E. Winkler The Elias Project: Using the Near-Death Experience Potential in Therapy B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2003 L. L. Morris The nature and meaning of the near-death experience for patients and C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death critical care nurses Studies NDE 2003 K. R. Vincent The Near-Death Experience and Christian Universalism Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2003 K. P. Validity and Reliability of the Near-Death Experience Scale-6 (NDE-6) C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Prosnick Studies NDE 2004 E. Hoover A college's near-death experience Case OR Chronicle of Higher Report Education NDE 2004 R. J. A Comparative Study of Near-Death Experience and Non-Near-Death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Bonenfant Experience Outcomes in 56 Survivors of Clinical Death Studies NDE 2004 R. Lange A Rasch scaling validation of a 'core' near-death experience C.S. OR Br J Psychol NDE 2004 J. Fischer After resuscitation from cardiac arrest, 18% of all survivors report near- Prospecti OR Praxis death experiences: A prospective study ve NDE 2004 B. Greyson Auditory hallucinations following near-death experiences C.S. OR Journal of Humanistic Psychology NDE 2004 L. S. Betty Jung's Synchronistic Interpretation of the Near-Death Experience: An Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Unnecessary Mystification Studies NDE 2004 H. Near-death experiences - Cultural determination and anthropological Review REVIEW Anasthesiologie & Knoblauch explanation of an extraordinary experience Intensivmedizin NDE 2004 W. B. Britton Near-death experiences and the temporal lobe Review REVIEW Psychological Science NDE 2004 W. L. Lanier Near-death experiences delivered to your home by your friends on the Ed., EDITORIA Mayo Clinic Internet Comm. L Proceedings NDE 2004 R. Enright Silent Journey: The Discovery of the Near-Death Experience of a Nonverbal Case OR Journal of Near-Death Adolescent Report Studies NDE 2004 A. A. Carmen Superjective Ontology: A Post-Cartesian Tool for the Near-Death Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Experience Studies NDE 2004 J. Wren- The implications of near-death experiences for understanding Ed., EDITORIA Psychological Inquiry Lewis posttraumatic growth Comm. L NDE 2004 P. Hamm Two cases of near-death experience Case OR Cahiers Report d'Anesthesiologie NDE 2005 M. B. Sabom Commentary on John Gibbs' "What do near-death experiencers and Jesus Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death have in common? The near-death experience and Spong's new Comm. L Studies Christianity." NDE 2005 J. Mcclenon Content Analysis of a Predominately African-American Near-Death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Experience Collection: Evaluating the Ritual Healing Theory Studies NDE 2005 B. Greyson False positive claims of near-death experiences and "false negative" C.S. OR Death Studies denials of near-death experiences NDE 2005 T. L. Guest editorial: The significance of light in the near-death experience Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Baumann Comm. L Studies NDE 2005 C. C. French Near-death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors Review REVIEW Progress in Brain Research NDE 2005 D. Shears Near-death experiences with meningococcal disease C.S. OR Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry NDE 2005 P. G. Panic and other anxiety disorders associated with near-death experiences Review REVIEW American Journal of Barnard Forensic Psychology NDE 2005 A. T. Marty Postcesarean pulmonary embolism, sustained cardiopulmonary Case OR Obstet Gynecol resuscitation, embolectomy, and near-death experience Report NDE 2005 J. C. Gibbs What do near-death experiencers and Jesus have in common? The near- Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death death experience and Spong's new Christianity Studies NDE 2006 J. S. Gómez- A near-death experience in Pu Songling's strange stories from Liaozhai's Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Jeria studio Studies NDE 2006 P. Sartori A prospectively studied near-death experience with corroborated out-of- Case OR Journal of Near-Death body perceptions and unexplained healing Report Studies NDE 2006 K. R. Vincent An 18th Century Near-Death Experience: The Case of George de Benneville Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2006 P. Lorenzi Before dying: Critical considerations about s.c. "Near-Death Experiences" Ed., EDITORIA Rivista di Psichiatria Comm. L NDE 2006 C. D. Murray Differences in body image between people reporting near-death and C.S. OR Journal of the Society spontaneous out-of-body experiences for Psychical Research NDE 2006 G. K. Do prevailing societal models influence reports of near-death experiences? C.S. OR Journal of Nervous Athappilly A comparison of accounts reported before and after 1975 and Mental Disease NDE 2006 K. R. Nelson Does the arousal system contribute to near death experience? C.S. OR Neurology NDE 2006 B. Greyson Does the arousal system contribute to near death experience? Letters LETTERS Neurology NDE 2006 K. R. Nelson Does the arousal system contribute to near death experience?: Reply Letters LETTERS Neurology NDE 2006 B. Greyson Editor's foreword Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 2006 R. W. Hood Near Death Experience from serpent bites in religious settings: A Jamesian Review REVIEW Archives de Jr perspective Psychologie NDE 2006 U. Lopez Near-death experience in a boy undergoing uneventful elective surgery Case OR Paediatric under general anesthesia Report Anaesthesia NDE 2006 B. Greyson Near-death experiences and spirituality Meeting MEETING Zygon NDE 2007 M. B. Sabom Commentary on "Does paranormal perception occur in near-death Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death experiences?." Comm. L Studies NDE 2007 C. T. Tart Commentary on "Does paranormal perception occur in near-death Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death experiences?." Comm. L Studies NDE 2007 P. Fenwick Commentary on "Near-death experiences with hallucinatory features." Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 2007 W. J. Commentary on Keith Augustine's paper Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death 157

Serdahely Comm. L Studies NDE 2007 B. Greyson Comments on "Does paranormal perception occur in near-death Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death experiences?." Comm. L Studies NDE 2007 B. Greyson Consistency of near-death experience accounts over two decades: are C.S. OR Resuscitation reports embellished over time? NDE 2007 A. Kellehear Culture and the near-death experience: Comments on Keith Augustine's Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death "Psychophysiological and cultural correlates undermining a survivalist Comm. L Studies interpretation of near-death experiences" NDE 2007 K. Augustine Does paranormal perception occur in near-death experiences? Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2007 K. Augustine Does paranormal perception occur in near-death experiences? Defended Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2007 J. Long Does the arousal system contribute to near-death and out-of body Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death experiences? A summary and response Studies NDE 2007 B. Greyson Editor's foreword Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 2007 C. F. Lai Impact of near-death experiences on dialysis patients: A multicenter C.S. OR American Journal of collaborative study Kidney Diseases NDE 2007 J. M. Holden More things in heaven and earth: A response to "Near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death with hallucinatory features." Studies NDE 2007 S. Parnia Near death experiences, cognitive function and psychological outcomes of Review REVIEW Resuscitation surviving cardiac arrest NDE 2007 R. Dubeau Near-death experience in cardiology Meeting MEETING Canadian Journal of Cardiology NDE 2007 B. Greyson Near-death experience: Clinical implications Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica NDE 2007 K. Augustine Near-death experiences with hallucinatory features defended Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2007 J. Teal Powered by insight: Unfolding a challenged chapter. A near death Meeting MEETING Critical Care Nurse experience NDE 2007 S. M. Cooper Responses to Augustine's "Does paranormal perception occur in near- Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death death experiences?" Studies NDE 2007 B. Greyson Responses to Augustine's "Does paranormal perception occur in near- Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death death experiences?" Studies NDE 2007 R. A. Moody Responses to Augustine's "Does paranormal perception occur in near- Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Jr death experiences?" Studies NDE 2007 K. Ring Responses to Augustine's "Does paranormal perception occur in near- Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death death experiences?" Studies NDE 2007 B. Whitfield Responses to Augustine's "Does paranormal perception occur in near- Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death death experiences?" Studies NDE 2007 N. Duffy Supporting a patient after a near-death experience Review REVIEW Nursing NDE 2007 K. C. Sharp The other shoe drops: Commentary on "Does paranormal perception Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death occur in near-death experiences?." Comm. L Studies NDE 2008 B. Engmann [Near-death experiences: a review of the thesis of pathoclisis, Review REVIEW MMW Fortschr Med neurotransmitter abnormalities, and psychological aspects] NDE 2008 K. Augustine Augustine responds Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2008 R. H. Smit Corroboration of the dentures anecdote involving veridical perception in a Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death near-death experience Studies NDE 2008 P. M. H. Embellishment of near-death experiences Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Atwater Studies NDE 2008 D. J. Wilde Finding meaning in near-death experiences: An Interpretative Meeting MEETING Psychology & Health phenomenological analysis NDE 2008 R. H. Smit Further commentary on Pam Reynolds's NDE Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Comm. L Studies NDE 2008 C. Van Heaven can wait - or down to earth in real time: Near-death experience Review REVIEW Neth Heart J Tellingen revisited NDE 2008 M. Thonnard Near-death experiences: Fact and fancy Review REVIEW Revue Medicale de Liege NDE 2008 J. Belanti Phenomenology of Near-death Experiences: A Cross-cultural Perspective Review REVIEW Transcultural Psychiatry NDE 2008 M. B. Sabom Study of perception in autoscopic ndes C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2008 B. Greyson The near-death experience Letters LETTERS Altern Ther Health Med NDE 2008 S. Strubelt The near-death experience response Letters LETTERS Altern Ther Health Med NDE 2008 S. Strubelt The near-death experience: a cerebellar method to protect body and soul- Review REVIEW Altern Ther Health lessons from the Iboga healing ceremony in Gabon Med NDE 2008 P. W. Schenk Waking dreams: Hypnotically facilitated pseudo near-death experiences Review REVIEW Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis NDE 2009 B. Engmann [Near death experiences. Attempt at a rational interpretation] Letters LETTERS MMW Fortschr Med NDE 2009 K. Kralovec Are near-death experiences following attempted suicide important for Case OR Neuropsychiatrie suicide risk assessment? A case report Report NDE 2009 R. A. Exploring the integration of near-death experience aftereffects: Summary C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Rominger of findings Studies NDE 2009 W. Van Near death experiences do not have a purely physiologic explanation Ed., EDITORIA MMW Fortschr Med Laack Comm. L NDE 2009 L. J. Griffith Near-death experiences and psychotherapy Review REVIEW Psychiatry NDE 2009 L. M. Girao Near-death experiences: exploring the mind-body connection B.R. BOOK Leonardo 158

NDE 2009 E. Kasten Neurobiological theories on near-death experiences Review REVIEW Zeitschrift fur Medizinische Psychologie NDE 2009 R. C. Martin- Out of body syndrome: Near-death experiences in laboratory studies C.S. OR Revue Medicale Du-Pan Suisse NDE 2009 P. M. H. Response to review of The big book of near-death experience Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Atwater Studies NDE 2009 D. J. Wilde The evolving self: Finding meaning in near-death experiences using Review REVIEW Mental Health, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Religion and Culture NDE 2009 K. J. Doka The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation B.R. BOOK OMEGA NDE 2009 R. Van Wees Was Jesus Christ's descent into hell a near-death experience? Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2009 W. Van What happens at the brink of death? Near-death experiences cannot be Letters LETTERS MMW Fortschr Med Laack completely explained physiologically NDE 2010 S. Dieguez 'A man can be destroyed but not defeated': Ernest Hemingway's near- Review REVIEW Frontiers of death experience and declining health Neurology and Neuroscience NDE 2010 M. M. An unanticipated cardiac arrest and unusual postresuscitation psycho- Case OR Indian Journal of Panditrao behavioural phenomena/ near death experience in a patient with Report Anaesthesia pregnancy induced hypertension and twin pregnancy undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section NDE 2010 M. Krajca Case study of near-death experiences and psychedelic effects of ketamine Meeting MEETING Kvalitativni Pristup a Metody Ve Vedach O Cloveku Ix: Individualita a Jedinecnost V Kvalitativnim Vyzkumu NDE 2010 A. J. Dell'Olio Do Near-Death Experiences Provide a Rational Basis for Belief in Life after Review REVIEW Sophia Death? NDE 2010 B. Greyson Hypercapnia and hypokalemia in near-death experiences Letters LETTERS Critical Care NDE 2010 Z. Klemenc- Hypercapnia and hypokalemia in near-death experiences Response Letters LETTERS Critical Care Ketis NDE 2010 B. Greyson Implications of Near-Death Experiences for a Postmaterialist Psychology Review REVIEW Psychology of Religion and Spirituality NDE 2010 D. Wilde Interpreting the anomalous: Finding meaning in out-of-body and near- Review REVIEW Qualitative Research death experiences in Psychology NDE 2010 V. Laws Near Death Experiences: A New Algorithmic Approach to Verifying Review REVIEW Neuroquantology Consciousness Outside the Brain NDE 2010 J. C. Gibbs Near-death experiences, deathbed visions, and past-life memories: A Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death convergence in support of van Lommel's Consciousness beyond life Studies NDE 2010 M. Perera Near-death experiences: exploring the mind-body connection B.R. BOOK Australasian Psychiatry NDE 2010 S. J. Lynn Near-Death Experiences: Out of Body and Out of Mind? Ed., EDITORIA Psychology of Comm. L Religion and Spirituality NDE 2010 M. Thonnard Near-death experiences: real or imagined memories? Meeting MEETING European Journal of Neurology NDE 2010 M. Thonnard Near-death experiences: real or imagined? Meeting MEETING Journal of Neurology NDE 2010 C. S. Online resources for the history of out-of-body experiences and death- Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Alvarado related phenomena Studies NDE 2010 C. Nunn Out of Body and Near-Death Experiences: Brain State Phenomena or B.R. BOOK Journal of Glimpses of Immortality? Consciousness Studies NDE 2010 R. Rominger Postcards from heaven and hell: Understanding the near-death experience Review REVIEW Art Therapy through art NDE 2010 R. H. Smit Rejoinder to "Response to 'Corroboration of the dentures anecdote Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Involving veridical perception in a near-death experience.'" Studies NDE 2010 G. M. Response to "Corroboration of the dentures anecdote involving veridical Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Woerlee perception in a near-death experience." Studies NDE 2010 D. Punzak Review of Consciousness beyond life: The science of the near-death B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death experience Studies NDE 2010 Z. Klemenc- The effect of carbon dioxide on near-death experiences in out-of-hospital Prospecti OR Critical Care Ketis cardiac arrest survivors: a prospective observational study ve NDE 2011 E. E. [Enhanced awareness near death - an overview for nurses. Take visions Review REVIEW Pflege Z Valarino seriously!] NDE 2011 P. Bischoff Awareness under general anesthesia Review REVIEW Deutsches Arzteblatt International NDE 2011 R. Andorno Consciousness Beyond Life. The Science of the Near-Death Experience B.R. BOOK Medicine Health Care and Philosophy NDE 2011 G. M. Could Pam Reynolds hear? 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NDE 2011 C. Fracasso Near-Death Experiences and the Possibility of Disembodied Consciousness Review REVIEW Neuroquantology Challenges to Prevailing Neurobiological and Psychosocial Theories NDE 2011 P. Van Near-death experiences: the experience of the self as real and not as an Review REVIEW Ann N Y Acad Sci Lommel illusion NDE 2011 M. Nahm Reflections on the context of near-death experiences Review REVIEW JSE NDE 2011 A. K. Ruuska Reincarnation Beliefs of North American Indians: Soul Journeys, B.R. BOOK American Indian Metamorphoses, and Near-Death Experiences Culture and Research Journal NDE 2011 G. M. Rejoinder to responses to "Could Pam Reynolds hear?" Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Woerlee Studies NDE 2011 C. Carter Response to "Could Pam Reynolds hear?" Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2011 S. Hameroff Response to "Could Pam Reynolds hear?" Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2011 M. Sudduth Review of Science and the near-death experience: How consciousness B.R. BOOK Journal of survives death Parapsychology NDE 2011 L. Dossey Science and the Near-Death Experience: How Consciousness Survives B.R. BOOK EXPLORE Death. Inner Traditions, Rochester, VT (2010) NDE 2011 B. Engmann Some basic problems with the term "near-death experience." Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2011 B. Greyson Some basic problems with the term "near-death experience" : Reply Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2011 J. M. Holden Teaching about near-death experiences: the effectiveness of using The Day Review REVIEW OMEGA I Died NDE 2011 H. W. The hypnotic use of waking dreams: Exploring near-death experiences Letters LETTERS American Journal of Schwartztol without the flatlines Clinical Hypnosis NDE 2011 D. Mobbs There is nothing paranormal about near-death experiences: how Ed., EDITORIA Trends in Cognitive neuroscience can explain seeing bright lights, meeting the dead, or being Comm. L Sciences convinced you are one of them NDE 2012 B. Greyson 'There is nothing paranormal about near-death experiences' revisited: Ed., EDITORIA Trends in Cognitive comment on Mobbs and Watt Comm. L Sciences NDE 2012 R. Christian 'Til death do us part:' Marital aftermath of one spouse's near-death C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death experience Studies NDE 2012 F. J. Rubia [Near death experiences] Review REVIEW Anales de la Real Vila Academia Nacional de Medicina NDE 2012 L. S. Gordon An ethnographic study of near-death experience impact and aftereffects Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death and their cultural implications Studies NDE 2012 S. I. Cohen Death and near death from cardiac arrest during the Boston Marathon C.S. OR Pacing Clin Electrophysiol NDE 2012 R. H. Smit Failed test of the possibility that Pam Reynolds heard normally during her Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death NDE Studies NDE 2012 I. Bokkon Hypothesis about brilliant lights by bioluminescent photons in near death Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses experiences NDE 2012 K. Adams Making sense of near-death experiences: a handbook for clinicians B.R. BOOK International Journal of Childrens Spirituality NDE 2012 E. Facco Near-death experiences and hypnosis: Two diferent phenomena with Review REVIEW Contemporary something in comon Hypnosis and Integrative Therapy NDE 2012 C. Agrillo Near-death experiences as a tool for forming a broader comprehension of Ed., EDITORIA Frontiers in the link between consciousness and social perception: commentary on Comm. L Psychology Graziano and Kastner (2011) NDE 2012 E. Facco Near-death experiences between science and prejudice Review REVIEW Frontiers in Human Neuroscience NDE 2012 E. Facco Near-death-like experiences without life-threatening conditions or brain Case OR Frontiers in disorders: a hypothesis from a case report Report Psychology NDE 2012 S. A. Nonlocality, Near-Death Experiences, and the Challenge of Consciousness Review REVIEW EXPLORE Schwartz NDE 2012 C. Fracasso Paving a New Frontier: Near-Death Experiences and the Unspoken Aspect Review REVIEW Neuroquantology of What Researchers Have Faced, and Continue to Face NDE 2012 D. Mobbs Response to Greyson et al.: there is nothing paranormal about near-death Letters LETTERS Trends in Cognitive experiences Sciences NDE 2012 M. Lawrence Review of Dancing past the dark: Distressing near-death experiences B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death Studies NDE 2012 L. Kinsey Review of Science and the near-death experience: How consciousness B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death survives death,The fun of dying: find out what really happens next!, The Studies science of life after death: New research shows human consciousness lives on, and There is life after death: Compelling reports from those who have glimpsed the afterlife NDE 2012 R. Cant The divided self: Near death experiences of resuscitated patients - A Review REVIEW International review of literature Emergency Nursing NDE 2012 D. Rousseau The implications of near-death experiences for research into the survival Review REVIEW JSE of consciousness NDE 2012 M. Three cases of near death experience: Is it physiology, physics or Case OR Ann Neurosci Purkayastha philosophy? Report NDE 2013 T. Rivas A near-death experience with veridical perception described by a famous B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death heart surgeon and confirmed by his assistant surgeon: Brief report Studies NDE 2013 J. R. Moores Adults’ reports of the role of psychotherapy in integrating their childhood C.S. 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NDE 2013 M. Thonnard Characteristics of near-death experiences memories as compared to real C.S. OR Plos One and imagined events memories NDE 2013 R. Meyer Four approaches of the unconscious processes: Near-death experience, Review REVIEW Annales Medico- pneumoanalysis, meditation, acute psychosis Psychologiques NDE 2013 K. Murray Getting comfortable with death & near death experiences. How doctors Review REVIEW Mo Med die: a model for everyone? NDE 2013 J. C. Hagan Getting comfortable with death & near-death experiences. Medical Review REVIEW Mo Med 3rd metaphysics: what is a "good death"? What happens when we almost die? NDE 2013 R. A. Moody Getting comfortable with death & near-death experiences. Near-death Review REVIEW Mo Med Jr experiences: an essay in medicine & philosophy NDE 2013 B. Greyson Getting comfortable with near death experiences. An overview of near- Review REVIEW Mo Med death experiences NDE 2013 R. Hoepner Ictal autoscopic phenomena and near death experiences: a study of five Case OR Journal of Neurology patients with ictal autoscopies Report NDE 2013 C. C. Impact of a near-death experience and religious conversion on the mental Case OR Trends in Psychiatry Braghetta health of a criminal: Case report and literature review Report and Psychotherapy NDE 2013 Y. Hou Infrequent near death experiences in severe brain injury survivors - A C.S. OR Annals of Indian quantitative and qualitative study Academy of Neurology NDE 2013 P. Is there science behind the near-death experience: Does human Review REVIEW Annals of Tropical Bhattachary consciousness survives after death? Medicine and Public a Health NDE 2013 Z. Klemenc- Life changes in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: The effect of C.S. OR International Journal Ketis near-death experiences of Behavioral Medicine NDE 2013 I. Bokkon Near death experiences: a multidisciplinary hypothesis Review REVIEW Frontiers in Human Neuroscience NDE 2013 M. B. Liester Near-death experiences and ayahuasca-induced experiences—Two unique Review REVIEW Journal of pathways to a phenomenologically similar state of consciousness Transpersonal Psychology NDE 2013 N. A. Tassell- Near-death experiences and the psychology of death Review REVIEW OMEGA Matamua NDE 2013 N. Trent-von Near-death experiences in cardiac arrest: implications for the concept of Review REVIEW Revista De Psiquiatria Haesler non-local mind Clinica NDE 2013 P. Van Non-local Consciousness A Concept Based on Scientific Research on Near- Review REVIEW Journal of Lommel Death Experiences During Cardiac Arrest Consciousness Studies NDE 2013 N. Murphy Out-of-Body and Near-Death Experiences: Brain-State Phenomena or B.R. BOOK Scottish Journal of Glimpses of Immortality? Theology NDE 2013 N. Tassell- Phenomenology of near-death experiences: An analysis of a Māori case Case OR Journal of Near-Death Matamua study Report Studies NDE 2013 N. Tassell- Psychology and Near-Death Experiences Challenges to and Opportunities Review REVIEW Journal of Matamua for Ongoing Debates about Consciousness Consciousness Studies NDE 2013 L. Moore Reflections of near-death experiences and deathbed visions: A study of C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death nursing faculty's perceptions Studies NDE 2013 J. Borjigin Reply to Greyson et al.: Experimental evidence lays a foundation for a Letters LETTERS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S rational understanding of near-death experiences A NDE 2013 M. Colborn Review of Telephone calls from the dead: A revised look at the B.R. BOOK Journal of the Society phenomenon thirty years on for Psychical Research NDE 2013 B. Greyson Surge of neurophysiological activity in the dying brain Letters LETTERS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A NDE 2013 Y. Auxéméry The "near-death experience" during comas: Psychotraumatic suffering or Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses the taming of reality? NDE 2013 M. Reitz The near-death experience Review REVIEW Pharmazeutische Industrie NDE 2013 J. Mandalise The nursing profession and near-death experiences: A personal and C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death professional update Studies NDE 2014 B. K. Y. Chan A near death experience Case OR British Journal of Report Hospital Medicine NDE 2014 Y. M. Shin A night of excess leads to a near death experience Meeting MEETING Journal of General Internal Medicine NDE 2014 A. Sleutjes Almost 40 Years Investigating Near-Death Experiences An Overview of Review REVIEW Journal of Nervous Mainstream Scientific Journals and Mental Disease NDE 2014 B. Roth An analysis of group avoidance following a rare group event: A Review REVIEW Group Analysis contribution to understanding a 'near death experience' in analytic group therapy NDE 2014 S. Parnia AWARE-awareness during resuscitation-a prospective study Prospecti OR Resuscitation ve NDE 2014 T. H. Goza Combat near-death experiences: an exploratory study C.S. OR Military Medicine NDE 2014 B. Greyson Congruence Between Near-Death and Mystical Experience C.S. OR International Journal for the Psychology of Religion NDE 2014 M. J. Critique of "A prospectively studied near-death experience with Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Rushinek corroborated out-of-body perceptions and unexplained healing." Studies NDE 2014 S. Khanna Daily Spiritual Experiences Before and After Near-Death Experiences C.S. OR Psychology of Religion and Spirituality NDE 2014 J. M. Holden Disclosing near-death experiences to professional healthcare providers C.S. OR Spirituality in Clinical and nonprofessionals Practice NDE 2014 N. E. Bush Distressing near-death experiences: the basics Review REVIEW Mo Med NDE 2014 R. D. Foster Eternal Connection: An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Learning About C.S. OR Journal of Loss and Near-Death Experiences on Adult Grief Trauma NDE 2014 D. Radin Getting comfortable with near death experiences. Out of one's mind or Review REVIEW Mo Med 161

beyond the brain? The challenge of interpreting near-death experiences NDE 2014 T. Cicoria Getting comfortable with near-death experiences. My near-death Ed., EDITORIA Mo Med experience: a telephone call from God Comm. L NDE 2014 J. R. Getting comfortable with near-death experiences. My unimaginable Review REVIEW Mo Med Hausheer journey: a physician's near-death experience NDE 2014 G. Groth- Insight versus illusion: An empiricist’s view of the near-death experience B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques Marnat NDE 2014 A. Investigating Iranian Shiite Muslim near-death experiences: Background, Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death Ghasemiann methodological considerations, and preliminary comments Comm. L Studies ejad NDE 2014 Y. Dong Near death experiences in end of life conditions: Need for nursing Review REVIEW Neuroquantology perspectives NDE 2014 K. R. Nelson Near-death experience: arising from the borderlands of consciousness in Review REVIEW Ann N Y Acad Sci crisis NDE 2014 J. 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Rush Rejoinder to "Response to 'Critique of "A prospectively studied near-death Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Near-Death experience with corroborated out-of-body perceptions and unexplained Comm. L Studies healing."'" NDE 2014 P. Sartori Response to "Critique of 'A prospectively studied near-death experience Letters LETTERS Journal of Near-Death with corroborated out-of-body perceptions and unexplained healing.'" Studies NDE 2014 R. B. Gilbert Review of Near-death experiences: The rest of the story. What they teach Review REVIEW Illness, Crisis, & Loss us about living, dying, and our true purpose NDE 2014 B. Greyson Spiritual transformation after near-death experiences C.S. OR Spirituality in Clinical Practice NDE 2014 B. Mitchell- The near-death experience argument against physicalism a critique Review REVIEW Journal of Yellin Consciousness Studies NDE 2014 V. Charland- The phenomenology of memories near death experiences can it be C.S. 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doppelganger Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology OBE 1996 T. L. Consciousness and cognition beyond the body: Functionalist cognitive Review REVIEW Journal of the Hubbard science and the possibility of out-of-body experiences and reincarnation American Society for Psychical Research OBE 1997 C. S. Out-of-body experiences and sensations of "shocks" to the body C.S. OR Journal of the Society Alvarado for Psychical Research OBE 1997 C. S. Mapping the characteristics of out-of-body experiences Review REVIEW Journal of the Alvarado American Society for Psychical Research OBE 1997 J. L. Saver The neural substrates of religious experience Review REVIEW Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences OBE 1998 C. S. A study of the features of out-of-body experiences in relation to Sylvan C.S. OR European Journal of Alvarado Muldoon's claims Parapsychology OBE 1998 C. S. Out-of-body experiences: Alterations of consciousness and the five-factor C.S. 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OBE 2005 C. S. Ernesto Bozzano on the phenomena of bilocation Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Alvarado Studies OBE 2005 D. T. Autoscopic hallucinations and disordered self-embodiment Review REVIEW Acta Bradford Neuropsychologica OBE 2005 R. 'Typical dreams' reflections of arousal Review REVIEW Journal of Schönhamm Consciousness Studies er OBE 2005 S. Arzy Why revelations have occurred on mountains?: Linking mystical Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses experiences and cognitive neuroscience OBE 2005 S. Arzy Speaking with one's self - Autoscopic phenomena in writings from the Review REVIEW Journal of ecstatic Kabbalah Consciousness Studies OBE 2005 S. Buenning The out-of body experience: precipitating factors and neural correlates Review REVIEW Progress in Brain Research OBE 2005 O. Blanke Linking the out-of-body experience to self processing at the temporo- Meeting MEETING Journal of Cognitive parietal junction Neuroscience OBE 2005 P. 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OBE 2010 D. Wilde Interpreting the anomalous: Finding meaning in out-of-body and near- Review REVIEW Qualitative Research death experiences in Psychology OBE 2010 K. Saroka Experimental elicitation of an out of body experience and concomitant C.S. OR Neuroquantology cross-hemispheric electroencephalographic coherence OBE 2010 M. A. The harribance effect as pervasive out-of-body experiences: Neuroquantal Review REVIEW Neuroquantology Persinger evidence with more precise measurements OBE 2010 N. L. Out-of-body experiences and physical body activity and posture: C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis Zingrone responses from a survey conducted in Scotland OBE 2010 S. Arzy The 'intrinsic' system in the human cortex and self-projection: A data Review REVIEW Neuroreport driven analysis OBE 2010 X. Jiang Some additions in the algorithm for out of body experiences Review REVIEW Neuroquantology OBE 2011 B. Wissmath Being present in more than one place at a time? Patterns of mental self- C.S. 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Drinkwater explore personal accounts of paranormal experiences Parapsychology OBE 2013 M. Shamanic cosmology as an evolutionary neurocognitive epistemology Review REVIEW International Journal Winkelman of Transpersonal Studies OBE 2013 N. Murphy Out-of-Body and Near-Death Experiences: Brain-State Phenomena or Review REVIEW Scottish Journal of Glimpses of Immortality? Theology OBE 2013 R. Hoepner Ictal autoscopic phenomena and near death experiences: a study of five Case OR J Neurol patients with ictal autoscopies Report OBE 2013 S. A. Mota- Neurobiology and clinical implications of lucid dreaming Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses Rolim OBE 2014 A. Raballo Clinical phenomenology of anomalous subjective experiences: a guide for B.R. BOOK Early Intervention in the perplexed Psychiatry OBE 2014 H. V. Out of body experiences Letters LETTERS Wilderness Environ Lankford Med OBE 2014 M. J. 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OR J Exp Psychol Hum Braithwaite illusion in those that report anomalous bodily experiences: evidence for Percept Perform specific psychophysiological components associated with illusory body representations OBE 2014 W. Buhlman Review of Navigating the out-of-body experience: Radical new techniques B.R. BOOK Journal of the Society for Psychical Research OBE 2014 J. L. Cassaniti The cultural kindling of spiritual experiences Review REVIEW Current Anthropology OBE 2014 O. Blanke Neurological and robot-controlled induction of an apparition C.S. OR Current Biology OBE 2014 Y. De la Phenomenology and Neuroimaging Correlates of a Permanent Autoscopy Meeting MEETING Journal of Garza-Neme Case Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences OBE 2015 R. Hoepner Out-of-body experience and epilepsy Letters LETTERS J Neurosurg Pediatr OBE 2015 T. Fang Out-of-body-experience and epilepsy Response Letters LETTERS J Neurosurg Pediatr OBE 2015 P. F. Craffert When is an out-of-body experience (not) an out-of-body experience? Review REVIEW Journal of Cognition Reflections about out-of-body phenomena in neuroscientific research and Culture OBE 2015 C. S. Features of out-of-body experiences: Relationships to frequency, C.S. OR Journal of the Society Alvarado wilfulness of and previous knowledge about the experience for Psychical Research OBE 2015 J. J. Stimulating the aberrant brain: Evidence for increased cortical C.S. OR Cortex Braithwaite hyperexcitability from a transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) study of individuals predisposed to anomalous perceptions OBE 2015 J. W. Glazier A phenomenological analysis of the relationship between grief, emotional C.S. OR Mortality stress and anomalous experiences OBE 2015 T. Rabeyron Clinique des sorties hors du corps : trauma, réflexivité et symbolisation C.S. OR L'Évolution Psychiatrique OBE 2015 M. Kaliuzhna Out-of-body experiences and other complex dissociation experiences in a C.S. OR Multisensory patient with unilateral peripheral vestibular damage and deficient Research multisensory integration MSP 1896 I. No Possession and Mediumship Review REVIEW Popular Science authorship Monthly MSP 1898 J. H. Hyslop The Problems of Immortality: Some Recent Mediumistic Phenomena Review REVIEW Forum MSP 1900 J. Jastrow Des Indes à la Planète Mars. Etude sur un cas de somnambulisme avec B.R. BOOK Psychological Review glossolalie [From India to the planet Mars: A study of a case of somnambulism with glossolalia] MSP 1902 J. Jastrow Nouvelles observations sur un cas de somnambulisme avecglossolalie Descriptiv OR Psychological Review e MSP 1904 N/A The psychology of spiritualistic "mediums" and the dangers of Ed., EDITORIA Lancet "mediumship." Comm. L MSP 1909 E. B. Huey The International Congress of Psychology Review REVIEW The American Journal of Psychology MSP 1910 H. A. Ruger Review of Abstracts of Lectures on the Study of Individuality B.R. BOOK Psychological Bulletin MSP 1910 W. Stern Abstracts of lectures on the psychology of testimony and on the study of B.R. BOOK The American Journal individuality of Psychology MSP 1911 J. H. Hyslop A mediumistic performance Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1912 J. R. Angell Abnormal psychology B.R. BOOK MSP 1914 M. W. Review of Outline of a Study of the Self B.R. BOOK Psychological Bulletin Calkins MSP 1915 J. H. Hyslop Some mediumistic experiments Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1919 J. H. Hyslop Chance coincidence and guessing in a mediumistic experiment Descriptiv OR Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. e (Amer.) MSP 1921 W. F. Prince A survey of American slate-writing mediumship Descriptiv OR Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. e (Amer.) MSP 1921 W. F. Prince Certain characteristics of veridical mediumistic phenomena compared Descriptiv OR Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. with those of phenomena generally conceded to be telepathic e (Amer.) MSP 1922 C. E. On "The Modus Operandi of So-called Mediumistic Trance." Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Baddeley for Psychical Research 168

MSP 1922 L. The Modus Operandi in So-called Mediumistic Trance Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Troubridge Society for Psychical Research MSP 1923 F. V. Concerning the Possibility of Deception in Sittings with Eva C Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Schrenck- Society for Psychical Notzing Research MSP 1923 G. Geley Case of intellectual mediumship of Professor Santolequido Descriptiv OR Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. e (Amer.) MSP 1923 W. F. Prince A certain type of mediumship Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. (Amer.) MSP 1925 J. M. Bird Dr. Mcdougall and the Margery mediumship Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. (Amer.) MSP 1925 L. R. G. Dr. Mcdougall and the Margery mediumship Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. Crandon (Amer.) MSP 1925 M. W. Impressions of the Margery mediumship Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. Richardson (Amer.) MSP 1925 M. W. The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. Richardson (Amer.) MSP 1925 S. Alrutz The psychology of the mediumistic trance Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. (Amer.) MSP 1926 C. A. A schematic classification of general psychology Review REVIEW Psychological Review Ruckmick MSP 1926 F. Kogelnik The early days of the Willy Schneider mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1926 H. The slate-writing mediumship of Mrs. Pruden Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Carrington e Res. MSP 1926 H. Price The slate-writing mediumship of Mrs. Pruden Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1926 H. Price Some early works on false mediumship Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1926 I. No The Margery mediumship: an experiment in fraud-proof control of a new Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. authorship type e Res. MSP 1926 I. No The slate-writing mediumship of Mrs. Pruden Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. authorship Res. MSP 1926 J. M. Bird The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1926 L. R. G. The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Crandon Res. MSP 1926 M. W. The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Richardson Res. MSP 1926 W. The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW Psyché Mcdougall MSP 1927 A. H. Weston Correspondence [from Arthur Weston] Letters LETTERS Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology MSP 1927 C. Der okkultische Komplex. Parallelen aus alterer und neuerer Zeit. [The Review REVIEW Psychologie und Klinckowstr occult complex. Parallels between ancient and modern times.] Medizin oem MSP 1927 C. R. Wild The mediumship of Mrs. Pruden Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1927 G. H. A series of mediumistic experiments and their correlation with the facts Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Breaker Res. MSP 1927 H. H. Keith Correspondence [from Harriet Keith] Letters LETTERS Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology MSP 1927 I. No A mediumistic experiment Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. authorship e Res. MSP 1927 J. B. Rhine One evening's observation on the Margery mediumship Descriptiv OR Journal of Abnormal e and Social Psychology MSP 1927 M. W. The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Richardson Res. MSP 1927 S. De Costa Besessenheit. [possession.] Review REVIEW Zentralblatt für Okkultismus MSP 1927 W. J. Vinton The famous Schneider mediumship Review REVIEW Psyché MSP 1928 A. M. Trance mediumship Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. Robbins (Amer.) MSP 1928 A. Römer Experimentalberichte. Religiosität eines Mediums (Selma Sigerus-Göllner). Descriptiv OR Zeitschrift für [Experimental report. Religiosity of a medium, Selma Sigerus-Göllner.] e Parapsychologie MSP 1928 A. Von Berichte über Spontanphänomene. [Report on spontaneous phenomena.] Descriptiv OR Zeitschrift für Schrenck- e Parapsychologie Notzing MSP 1928 C. Von Mediumismus und experimentelle Psychologie. [Mediumship and Review REVIEW Monistische Klinckowstr experimental psychology.] Monatshefte oem MSP 1928 E. J. Dingwall The evidential value of certain mediumistic phenomena Review REVIEW Psyché MSP 1928 L. J. Jones Presidential address to the S. P. R., March 14, 1928 Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1928 L. R. G. Phenomena of the "Margery" mediumship Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Crandon for Psychical Research MSP 1928 T. W. The phenomena of mediumistic trance Review REVIEW Hibbert Journal Mitchell MSP 1930 H. F. A method of estimating the supernormal content of mediumistic Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the Saltmarsh communications e Society for Psychical 169

Research MSP 1930 M. W. H. Some incidents occurring at sittings with Mrs. Leonard which may throw Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Salter light on their modus operandi Society for Psychical Research MSP 1930 W. S. Irving Thoughts on Mr. Saltmarsh's report on a series of sittings Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1931 D. Gow The personal factor in mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1931 H. Price The R-101 disaster (case record). Mediumship of Mrs. Garrett Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1931 R. J. Tillyard The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1931 Schwab Zur Entlarvung des Mediums Stanislava P. [The unmasking of the medium Review REVIEW Zeitschrift für Stanislava P.] Parapsychologie MSP 1931 V. J. Woolley The visit of M. Pascal Forthuny to the Society in 1929 Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1931 V. J. Woolley The Margery mediumship, and the London sittings of December, 1929 Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1931 W. Button The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1932 B. K. The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Thorogood Res. MSP 1932 C. Hope Appendix. Report of some sittings with Valiantine and Phoenix in 1927 Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1932 D. Gow The resources of trance mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1932 G. Lawton The psychology of spiritualist mediums Review REVIEW Psychoanalytic Review MSP 1932 M. Crandon The mediumship of Mrs. Eileen Garrett: I. Margery visits Mrs. Garrett Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1932 M. W. H. The history of George Valiantine Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Salter Society for Psychical Research MSP 1932 M. W. The Margery mediumship: Apports and deports Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Richardson Res. MSP 1932 T. The mediumship of Rudi Schneider Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the Besterman e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1932 W. H. Button The "Margery" mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1933 A. V. The development of occultism into parapsychology in Germany Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Schrenck- Res. Notzing MSP 1933 C. D. Thomas A considération of a series of proxy sittings Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1933 C. Hope Further light on the Schneider mediumship [11] Letters LETTERS Nature MSP 1933 E. E. Dudley Finger print demonstrations Review REVIEW Boston Society for Psychic Research. Bulletin MSP 1933 E. Servadio L'ultima Hélène Smith. [The last Hélène Smith.] Review REVIEW Ric. Psich. MSP 1933 F. Kainz Differentielle Psychologie und Aesthetik. [Differential psychology and Review REVIEW Zeitschrift für esthetics.] Angewandte Psychologie MSP 1933 H. Price Further light on the Schneider mediumship [13] Letters LETTERS Nature MSP 1933 H. Price An account of some further experiments with Rudi Schneider Review REVIEW National Laboratory of Psychical Research. Bulletin IV MSP 1933 J. Leigh The human side of mediumship Review REVIEW Psychology Science MSP 1933 L. C. Hope Report of a series of sittings with Rudi Schneider Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1933 L. Rayleigh A method of silhouette photography by infra-red rays for use in Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the mediumistic investigation e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1933 O. Research Illustrations of illegitimate types of controversy Review REVIEW Boston Society for Psychic Research. Bulletin MSP 1933 O. Research Impossible and "supernormal." Review REVIEW Boston Society for Psychic Research. Bulletin MSP 1933 S. E. White The process of mental mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1933 I. No The Schneider mediumship Review REVIEW Nature authorship MSP 1934 B. K. The Margery mediumship. The "Walter" hands. A study of their Review REVIEW Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. Thorogood dermatoglyphics (Amer.) MSP 1934 C. Hope A note on the recent experiments with Rudi Schneider Review REVIEW Proceedings of the 170

Society for Psychical Research MSP 1934 E. R. Dodds Why I do not believe in survival Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1934 F. Quade Mediale Forschung in Hypnose. [Mediumship investigation in hypnosis.] Review REVIEW Zeitschrift für Parapsychologie MSP 1934 G. V. N. Review of Extra-sensory perception B.R. BOOK Journal of Abnormal Dearborn and Social Psychology MSP 1934 H. An instrumental test of the independence of a "spirit control." Descriptiv OR American Psychical Carrington e Institute Bulletin MSP 1934 J. B. Rhine Extra-sensory perception of the clairvoyant type Descriptiv OR Journal of Abnormal e and Social Psychology MSP 1934 L. W. Allison Proxy sittings with Mrs. Leonard Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1934 S. De Brath The Margery mediumship Review REVIEW Psychology Science MSP 1934 T. Report of an investigation into the mediumship of Rudi Schneider Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the Besterman e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1934 T. G. The Winnipeg group mediumship Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Hamilton e Res. MSP 1935 C. D. Thomas The word association test with Mrs. Osborne Leonard Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1935 C. D. Thomas A proxy case extending over eleven sittings with Mrs. Osborne Leonard Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1935 C. E. Stuart In reply to the Willoughby "critique." Letters LETTERS Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology MSP 1935 E. O. Balfour A study of the psychological aspects of Mrs. Willett's mediumship, and of Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the the statements of the communicators concerning process e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1935 J. B. Rhine Note on Professor Thouless's review of "Extra-Sensory Perception." Ed., EDITORIA Proceedings of the Comm. L Society for Psychical Research MSP 1935 J. B. Rhine Telepathy and clairvoyance in the normal and trance states of a medium Descriptiv OR Character & e Personality; A Quarterly for Psychodiagnostic & Allied Studies MSP 1935 R. H. Review: dr. J. B. Rhine, "extra-sensory perception." B.R. BOOK Proceedings of the Thouless Society for Psychical Research MSP 1935 R. R. A critique of Rhine's "Extra-Sensory Perception." B.R. BOOK Journal of Abnormal Willoughby and Social Psychology MSP 1935 R. R. Prerequisites for a clairvoyance hypothesis Descriptiv OR Journal of Applied Willoughby e Psychology MSP 1935 W. Brown Sleep, hypnosis and mediumistic trance Descriptiv OR Character & e Personality; A Quarterly for Psychodiagnostic & Allied Studies MSP 1936 G. N. M. Further research in extra-sensory perception Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the Tyrrell e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1936 J. B. Rhine Some selected experiments in extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology MSP 1936 K. Richmond Notes on the psychological formation of Leonard communications Ed., EDITORIA Proceedings of the Comm. L Society for Psychical Research MSP 1936 K. Schmeïng Gefühl und Wille im eidetischen und "okkulten" Erleben. [Emotion and Review REVIEW Bericht über den volition in eidetic and "occult" experiences.] Kongreses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Jena MSP 1936 M. Fragment psychograficzny wychowanka. [A fragment of the psychography Descriptiv OR Kwartalnik Wachowski of a foster child.] e Psychologiczny MSP 1936 W. S. Cox An experiment on extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Experimental Psychology MSP 1937 B. M. Smith The Tyrrell experiments Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 C. E. Kellogg The problems of matching and sampling in the study of extra-sensory C.S. OR Journal of Abnormal perception and Social Psychology MSP 1937 E. M. Bond General extra-sensory perception with a group of fourth and fifth grade Descriptiv OR Journal of retarded children e Parapsychology MSP 1937 J. B. Rhine Some basic experiments in extra-sensory perception Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Comm. L Parapsychology MSP 1937 J. B. Rhine The question of sensory cues and the evidence C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 J. B. Rhine The effect of distance in ESP tests Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology 171

MSP 1937 J. D. Extra-sensory perception of normal and distorted symbols Descriptiv OR Journal of Macfarland e Parapsychology MSP 1937 J. G. Pratt Clairvoyant blind matching Descriptiv OR Journal of e Parapsychology MSP 1937 J. G. Pratt The work of Dr. C. Hilton Rice in extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 J. L. Experiments in extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Woodruff Parapsychology MSP 1937 K. H. Baker Report of a minor investigation of extra-sensory perception Descriptiv OR Journal of e Experimental Psychology MSP 1937 L. E. Rhine Some stimulus variations in extra-sensory perception with child subjects C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 L. Warner A test case C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 L. Warner The role of luck in ESP data C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 M. H. Some psychological relations of extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Pegram Parapsychology MSP 1937 M. M. Price Extra-sensory perception among the blind C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 O. L. Reiser Emergence, dimensionality, and extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Psyche, London MSP 1937 V. Sharp Group tests for extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1937 V. W. Extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW The Journal of Lemmon Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied MSP 1938 C. E. Kellogg A note in reply to Mr. Charles E. Stuart Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Abnormal Comm. L and Social Psychology MSP 1938 C. E. Stuart The effect of rate of movement in card matching tests of extra-sensory C.S. OR Journal of perception Parapsychology MSP 1938 C. E. Stuart A review of certain proposed hypotheses alternative to extra-sensory Review REVIEW Journal of Abnormal perception and Social Psychology MSP 1938 C. Leuba Has recent research undermined the evidence for extra-sensory C.S. OR Journal of Applied perception? Psychology MSP 1938 C. P. Critique of the premises and statistical methodology of para-psychology Review REVIEW The Journal of Heinlein Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied MSP 1938 D. L. Herr A mathematical analysis of the experiments in extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of Experimental Psychology MSP 1938 D. L. Wolfle A review of the work on extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW The American Journal of Psychiatry MSP 1938 D. R. Martin Studies in extra-sensory perception: II. An analysis of a second series of C.S. OR Journal of 25,000 trials Parapsychology MSP 1938 D. R. Martin Studies in extra-sensory perception: I. An analysis of 25,000 trials C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1938 G. N. M. The Tyrrell apparatus for testing extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Tyrrell Parapsychology MSP 1938 H. O. Extra-sensory perception: What is it? Review REVIEW American Journal of Gulliksen Sociology MSP 1938 H. Rogosin Probablity theory and extrasensory perception Review REVIEW The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied MSP 1938 H. Rogosin Telepathy, psychical research, and modern psychology Review REVIEW Philosophy of Science MSP 1938 I. Newton A study of certain Leonard phenomena Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1938 J. B. Rhine Extra-sensory perception B.R. BOOK Sigma Xi Quarterly MSP 1938 J. C. A questionnaire designed to determine the attitude of psychologists C.S. OR Journal of Crumbaugh toward thefield of extra-sensory perception Parapsychology MSP 1938 K. M. Report on a series of experiments with Mrs. Eileen Garrett Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the Goldney e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1938 L. Warner A survey of psychological opinion on ESP C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1938 R. H. A handbook for testing extra-sensory perception: Arranged and edited by B.R. BOOK Journal of the Oppermann C. E. Stuart and J. G. Pratt, with a foreword by J. B. Rhine, accompanied by Franklin Institute decks of cards and a record pad. 96 pages, 13 × 20 cms. New York, Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1937. Price $1.75 MSP 1938 R. M. Drake An unusual case of extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1938 R. Shulman An experiment in extra-sensory perception with sounds as stimuli C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1938 S. G. Soal Reviews: Ernest Hunter Wright, The case for telepathy, Professor Chester B.R. BOOK Proceedings of the E. Kellogg, New evidence (?) For "extra-sensory perception." Society for Psychical Research MSP 1938 S. W. Extra-sensory perception or instructions? C.S. OR Journal of Fernberger Experimental 172

Psychology MSP 1938 S. W. Extra-sensory perceptions' or instructions? Review REVIEW Journal of Fernberger Experimental Psychology MSP 1939 C. D. Thomas A proxy experiment of significant success Descriptiv OR Proceedings of the e Society for Psychical Research MSP 1939 C. Numerous Symposium on ESP methods, at the meeting of the Southern Society for Meeting MEETING Journal of Philosophy and Psychology Parapsychology MSP 1939 F. H. Lund Extra-sensory-perception another name for free association? C.S. OR Journal of General Psychology MSP 1939 H. Rogosin An evaluation of extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of General Psychology MSP 1939 J. G. Pratt Size of stimulus symbols in extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1939 J. L. Kennedy A methodological review of extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Psychological Bulletin MSP 1939 J. L. Kennedy Experiments on the nature of extra-sensory perception. I. Repetitions of Review REVIEW Journal of the Rhine experiments Parapsychology MSP 1939 J. L. Kennedy Experiments on the nature of extra-sensory perception. II. A critical Review REVIEW Journal of review of "Discrimination shown between experimenters by subjects," by Parapsychology J. D. Mcfarland MSP 1939 J. L. Kennedy Experiments on the nature of extra-sensory perception. III. The recording Review REVIEW Journal of error criticism of extra-chance scores Parapsychology MSP 1939 K. Dunlap Adequate experimental testing of the hypothesis of "extra-sensory C.S. OR Journal of perception" based on card-sorting Parapsychology MSP 1939 L. Warner Is "extra-sensory perception" extra-sensory? Review REVIEW The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied MSP 1939 M. Hertzman The merging procedure in experiments on extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of General Psychology MSP 1939 O. L. Reiser A theory of extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1939 R. H. Report on Glasgow repetition of Dr. Rhine's experiments on extra-sensory C.S. OR Proceedings of the Thouless perception Society for Psychical Research MSP 1939 W. L. Tests of significance for extra-sensory perception data Review REVIEW Psychological Review Stevens MSP 1940 C. Leuba Review of Extra-Sensory Perception After Six Years B.R. BOOK Journal of Applied Psychology MSP 1940 D. G. Ellson Review of Extra-sensory perception after sixty years B.R. BOOK Psychological Bulletin MSP 1940 D. R. Martin Studies in extra-sensory perception: III. A review of all University of C.S. OR Journal of Colorado experiments Parapsychology MSP 1940 E. A. Probability: a function of ideology Review REVIEW The American Journal Becknell of Psychology MSP 1940 G. The isolation of the percipient in tests for extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Proceedings of the Redmayne Society for Psychical Research MSP 1940 J. B. Rhine Extra-sensory perception: a review Review REVIEW Scientific Monthly, New York MSP 1940 T. M. Davie The mind of hitler Letters LETTERS Lancet MSP 1940 W. Brown The mind of hitler Letters LETTERS Lancet MSP 1941 B. M. A comparison of five ESP test procedures C.S. OR Journal of Humphrey Parapsychology MSP 1941 Beck Review of Extra-sensory perception after sixty years B.R. BOOK American Journal of Orthopsychiatry MSP 1941 H. G. Baynes Jung's conception of the structure of personality in relation to psychical Review REVIEW Proceedings of the research Society for Psychical Research MSP 1941 H. Wallach An experimental analysis of the law of effect C.S. OR Journal of Experimental Psychology MSP 1941 J. A. The statistics of salience ratios Review REVIEW Journal of Greenwood Parapsychology MSP 1941 J. B. Rhine Terminal salience in ESP performance C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 B. K. Pillai Psychical phenomena Review REVIEW Indian Journal of Psychology MSP 1942 B. M. A confirmatory study of salience in precognition tests C.S. OR Journal of Humphrey Parapsychology MSP 1942 C. E. Stuart A second study of the effect of tempo rates of matching C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 D. H. Pope The ESP controversy Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 E. P. Gibson Atmospheric pressure and ESP score averages Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 H. F. The nature of extrasensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of Saltmarsh Parapsychology MSP 1942 H. Report of investigations into an obscure function of the subconscious mind C.S. OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Woodworth Res. MSP 1942 J. B. Rhine Evidence of precognition in the covariation of salience ratios C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology 173

MSP 1942 J. B. Rhine A transoceanic ESP experiment C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 J. G. Pratt A check on salience relations in ESP data Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 M. P. Reeves Exceptional scores in ESP tests and the conditions. I. The case of Lillian C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1942 R. H. Experiments on paranormal guessing C.S. OR British Journal of Thouless Psychology MSP 1942 R. H. Presidential address: The present position of experimental research into Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Thouless telepathy and related phenomena Society for Psychical Research MSP 1942 W. R. Birge Unusual types of persons tested for ESP. I. A professional medium Descriptiv OR Journal of e Parapsychology MSP 1943 A. A. Foster ESP tests with American Indian children; a comparison of methods C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1943 B. M. Patterns of success in an ESP experiment Review REVIEW Journal of Humphrey Parapsychology MSP 1943 C. D. Broad Mr. H. F. Saltmarsh Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1943 E. Taves A further report on the Midas touch Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1943 G. R. Predicting good and bad scores in a clairvoyance experiment: a final C.S. OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Schmeidler report Res. MSP 1943 J. H. Rush Some considerations as to a physical basis of ESP Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1943 R. K. The masquerade of ESP Review REVIEW Philosophy of Science Nabours MSP 1943 R. W. An hysterical 'medium.' Descriptiv OR Br J Med Psychol Pickford e MSP 1943 T. N. E. Frequency distributions of ESP scores for certain selected call-patterns Review REVIEW Journal of Greville Parapsychology MSP 1943 W. Russell Examination of ESP records for displacement effects Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1944 C. E. Stuart The Carington free-drawing approach to the ESP problem Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1944 G. R. Position effects of psychological phenomena Review REVIEW Journal of Schmeidler Parapsychology MSP 1944 J. B. Rhine The contributions of Mr. H. F. Saltmarsh on the problem of survival Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1944 W. Experiments on the paranormal cognition of drawings. IV Review REVIEW Proceedings of the Carington Society for Psychical Research MSP 1945 H. A. Bruce Mr. Sludge the Medium. Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1946 C. E. Stuart An interest inventory relation to ESP scores C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1947 P. Dias A psicografia (escrita automática) à luz da psicologia médica. Review REVIEW Hospital (Rio de Corrêa [Psychography (automatic writing) in the light of medical psychology.] Janeiro) MSP 1948 G. Murphy What needs to be done in parapsychology Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1948 L. E. Hunt A mechanical device for testing ESP C.S. OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1949 S. G. Soal The scientific evidence for extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Discovery MSP 1949 W. T. Heron A machine test for extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1950 G. M. Rudolf The psycho-therapist and extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Br J Med Psychol MSP 1950 J. Blaha [Extra sensory perception in the blind] Ed., EDITORIA Napravna Pedagog Comm. L MSP 1951 A. E. Buck Extra-sensory perception and medical research Review REVIEW Practitioner MSP 1951 E. Servadio La perception extrasensorielle. [Extra-sensory perception.] Review REVIEW Psyché MSP 1951 L. Rose Psi experiments with Australian aborigines C.S. OR Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1951 L. T. Bendit La connaissance paranormale et sa place dans la psychologie. [Paranormal Review REVIEW Psyché knowledge and its place in psychology.] MSP 1952 J. L. Kennedy An evaluation of extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society MSP 1953 S. G. Soal Statistical significance in psychical research Ed., EDITORIA Nature Comm. L MSP 1954 H. Müller- Teufelshalluzinationen eines Elfjährigen im Beichtstuhl. [Hallucinations of Case OR Praxis der Eckhard the devil by an 11-year old boy in confession.] Report Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie MSP 1954 H. Hart ESP projection: spontaneous cases and the experimental method Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1955 D. L. Contributions concerning psychological Biographical Research, Review REVIEW Psychologische Scharmann Psychography of the fourth Life Decade of Men Forschung MSP 1955 N. Fodor Far horizons Review REVIEW Samiksa MSP 1955 N. Tilly Extra sensory perception B.R. BOOK American Journal of Nursing MSP 1956 K. G. Non-localisation as a model for telepathy Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Denbigh for Psychical Research 174

MSP 1957 A. W. Bendig Manifest anxiety, discrimination, and transposition Review REVIEW The American Journal of Psychology MSP 1958 H. J. Eysenk Extrasensory perception: Ciba foundation symposium : Edited by G.E.W. Meeting MEETING Journal of Wolstenholme and E.C.P. Millar. J. And A. Churchill, Ltd. 240 pp., 27s.6d Psychosomatic Research MSP 1959 C. E. Hansel Experimental evidence for extra-sensory-perception Ed., EDITORIA Nature Comm. L MSP 1959 E. P. Gibson The 6th sense - an inquiry into extra-sensory perception - heywood,r B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1960 C. E. M. Experimental evidence for extra-sensory perception Ed., EDITORIA Nature Hansel Comm. L MSP 1960 C. E. M. Experimental evidence for extra-sensory perception (reply) Ed., EDITORIA Nature Hansel Comm. L MSP 1960 E. J. Dingwall The case for extra-sensory perception Ed., EDITORIA Nature Comm. L MSP 1960 G. W. Fisk Review of M. C. Marsh's Rhodes experiment: Linkage in extra-sensory B.R. BOOK Journal of the Society perception for Psychical Research MSP 1960 H. H. Price Mediumship and human survival B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1960 J. The role of extra-sensory perception in early childhood C.S. OR Journal of Mental Fitzherbert Science MSP 1960 J. G. Pratt Methods of evaluating verbal material Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1960 S. G. Soal Experimental evidence for extra-sensory perception Ed., EDITORIA Nature Comm. L MSP 1960 W. G. Roll The contribution of studies of mediumship to research on survival after Review REVIEW Journal of death Parapsychology MSP 1961 D. J. West Man: The known and unknown: John Langdon-Davies: Secker and B.R. BOOK Journal of Warburg, London, 1960. Pp. 226, 21s Psychosomatic Research MSP 1961 J. Extra-sensory perception in early childhood Review REVIEW International Journal Fitzherbert of Parapsychology MSP 1961 N. H. Pronko A classroom demonstation of extra sensory perception C.S. OR Psychological Record MSP 1961 N. H. Pronko A Classroom demonstration of "extra sensory perception." Review REVIEW The Psychological Record MSP 1962 C. T. K. Chari Paranormal cognition, survival, and reincarnation Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1962 G. R. Beyond the reach of sense - an inquiry into extra-sensory perception - B.R. BOOK Contemporary Schmeidler heywood,r Psychology MSP 1962 G. R. Parapsychology--english style B.R. BOOK Psycritiques Schmeidler MSP 1962 H. Rogosin Psychical parascience Review REVIEW Psycritiques MSP 1963 A. Assaily Psychophysiological correlates of mediumistic faculties C.S. OR International Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1964 F. C. How stands the case for survival? Review REVIEW Research Journal of Dommeyer Philosophy & Social Sciences MSP 1964 I. No The mediumship of leonard - smith,s Ed., EDITORIA Psychiatric Quarterly authorship Comm. L MSP 1965 C. E. Green The effect of birth order and family size on extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1965 R. G. A large-scale experiment to discover agents and percipients for ESP C.S. OR Journal of the Society Medhurst testing for Psychical Research MSP 1966 C. Burt Parapsychology and its implications Review REVIEW International Journal of Neuropsychiatry MSP 1966 C. E. Green Birth order, family size and extra-sensory perception C.S. OR Br J Soc Clin Psychol MSP 1966 G. R. Two horns of a dilemma in relating ESP to personality Review REVIEW Corrective Psychiatry Schmeidler & Journal of Social Therapy MSP 1966 K. Osis Linkage experiments with mediums Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1966 M. Scriven Extra-sensory perception - rhine,jb B.R. BOOK Contemporary Psychology MSP 1966 M. Scriven Reasonable and Unreasonable Belief B.R. BOOK Psycritiques MSP 1967 A. Assailly Thoughts on psychophysiological components which may play a role in Review REVIEW International Journal the mediumistic state of Parapsychology MSP 1967 C. E. M. Rhine,jb - extra-sensory perception after 60 years B.R. BOOK American Scientist Hansel MSP 1967 H. H. Wieck [On the concept of complete recollection with an introduction to Review REVIEW Fortschr Neurol psychography] Psychiatr MSP 1967 H. J. Eysenck Personality and extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1967 I. Stevenson New method for evaluating verbal material in mediumistic communication Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Comm. L Parapsychology MSP 1967 M. Victoria [Van Gogh's psychography] Review REVIEW Rev Neuropsiquiatr MSP 1967 R. Hodgson On malobservation and lapse of memory Review REVIEW International Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1968 E. H. The theory of selective telepathy Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Cleobury for Psychical Research MSP 1968 I. Stevenson Analysis of a mediumistic session by a new method Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. e Res. MSP 1968 R. A. Hicks Meaningfulness of studies measuring effects of extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Indian Journal of 175

variables Psychology MSP 1969 A. D. Cornell A "ghost" on television Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1969 C. E. M. ESP: Deficiencies of experimental method [29] Ed., EDITORIA Nature Hansel Comm. L MSP 1969 E. C. Frankel I spike with the dead Ed., EDITORIA The American Journal Comm. L of Nursing MSP 1970 D. S. Rogo The transference of mediumistic control Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1970 I. Stevenson Strange visitor - mediumistic seance with unknown communication Descriptiv OR Zeitschrift für e Parapsychologie MSP 1971 D. S. Rogo The Faunus Message: A review and new interpretation Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1971 R. A. White Extra-sensory perception - rhine,jb B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1972 Anonymous New horizons in the investigation of physical phenomena Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1972 C. B. Nash Medical parapsychology Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1973 C. T. Chari Regurgitation, mediumship and yoga Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1973 J. I. Teoh Chinese spirit-mediumship: its socio-cultural interpretation and Review REVIEW Singapore Medical psychotherapeutic aspects Journal MSP 1974 H. A study of memory ESP relationships using linguistic forms C.S. OR Journal of Kanthamani Parapsychology MSP 1974 I. Stevenson Xenoglossy: A review and report of a case Case OR Proc. Soc. Psy. Res. Report (Amer.) MSP 1974 M. H. William Crookes to Charles Blackburn: Another letter Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Coleman for Psychical Research MSP 1974 W. Rauscher Mentalism and extra-sensory perception Review REVIEW Psychic MSP 1975 H. Hitson Trance, healing and hallucination: by F.D. Goodman, J. H. Henney and E. B.R. BOOK Soc Sci Med Weidman Pressel. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1974. 388 pp. $12.50 MSP 1975 J. Ehrenwald Hitler: Shaman, schizophrenic, medium? Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1975 J. Palmer Some recent trends in survival research Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1976 E. Servadio On the psychology of mediumistic states Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1976 J. B. Rhine Parapsychology and psychology: The shifting relationship today Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1976 J. Ehrenwald Six vignettes on the interface of psychiatry and psychical research Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1976 J. Hillman Some early background to Jung's ideas: Notes on G. Jung's Medium by Review REVIEW Spring Stephanie Zumstein-Preiswerk MSP 1976 H. T. Hunt A test of the psychedelic model of altered states of consciousness. The role C.S. OR Archives of General of introspective sensitization in eliciting unusual subjective reports Psychiatry MSP 1977 A. Gregory Mediumship of schneider,r B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1977 G. F. Solfvin A psychophysiological study of mediumistic communicators C.S. OR Parapsychology Review MSP 1977 I. Stevenson Reply to the comments of Dr. Lief and Dr. Ullman Letters LETTERS J Nerv Ment Dis MSP 1978 V. Extra-sensory perception - a topic and a problem Review REVIEW Arquivos Brasileiros Dacostarodr De Psicologia igues Aplicada MSP 1979 M. Morlino Psychopathology and mediumistic qualities (introduction to the study of a C.S. OR Ospedale Psichiatrico medium) MSP 1979 P. J. Claus Spirit possession and spirit mediumship from the perspective of Tulu oral Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry traditions MSP 1979 S. Blackmore Mediumship of the tape-recorder - ellis,dj B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1980 E. R. Gruber Mediumistic and psychopathological pictorial expression: An introductory C.S. OR Confinia Psychiatrica comparative study MSP 1980 R. G. Locke Trance mediumship and the ecology of consciousness Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Comm. L Parapsychology MSP 1980 Rao, K. Southeastern regional parapsychological association conference Meeting MEETING Journal of Ramakrishn Parapsychology a MSP 1981 C. L. Sargent Extraversion and performance in extra-sensory perception tasks C.S. OR Personality and Individual Differences MSP 1981 C. L. Sargent Extraversion and performance in "extra-sensory perception" tasks Review REVIEW Personality and Individual Differences MSP 1981 S. Mauskopf Obituary: joseph banks rhine (1895-1980) Ed., EDITORIA American Comm. L Psychologist MSP 1981 V. M. Neppe Psi, genetics and the temporal lobe REVIEW REVIEW Parapsychological Journal of South Africa MSP 1982 A. Gregory Investigating macro-physical phenomena C.S. OR Parapsychology Review MSP 1982 C. S. Note on séances with Eusapia Palladino after 1910 Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Alvarado for Psychical Research MSP 1982 R. Anderson Swedenborg on the modus operandi of spirit communication Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review 176

MSP 1982 R. Sheldrake Morphic resonance, memory and psychical research Review REVIEW Parapsychological Journal of South Africa MSP 1983 A. M. Ludwig The psychobiological functions of dissociation Review REVIEW American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis MSP 1983 C. S. A century of psychical research: Comments on Renée Haynes's The Society Review REVIEW Journal of Alvarado for Psychical Research, 1882–1982: A History Parapsychology MSP 1983 J. R. Haule The care of souls: Psychology and religion in anthropological perspective Review REVIEW Journal of Psychology and Theology MSP 1983 M. Cassirer Palladino at Cambridge Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1983 V. M. Neppe Temporal lobe symptomatology in subjective paranormal experiments C.S. OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1984 E. W. Cook Mediumship and survival - a century of investigations - gauld,a B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1984 R. Anderson Psychometry or survival? I Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1984 R. Un caso di termogenesi risolto con ipnoterapia. [A case of spontaneous Case OR Rivista Internazionale Marchesan combustion resolved by hypnotherapy.] Report di Psicologia e Ipnosi MSP 1984 W. G. Roll Survival after death: Alan Gauld's examination of the evidence B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology MSP 1984 V. M. Neppe The temporal lobe and anomalous experience REVIEW REVIEW Parapsychological Journal of South Africa MSP 1985 A. Isidori Psicografia terapeutica. L'utilizzazione del reperto grafico in psicoterapia. Review REVIEW Rivista Internazionale [Psychographological therapy: Report of the usefulness of graphology in di Psicologia e Ipnosi psychotherapy.] MSP 1985 A. S. Berger The early history of the ASPR: Origins to 1907 Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1985 I. Grattan- Is psi intrinsically non-linguistic? Some preliminary considerations Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Guiness for Psychical Research MSP 1985 R. I. Current trends in survival research Review REVIEW Parapsychology Anderson Review MSP 1986 C. R. Religious identity as a symbolic strategy: Brazilian dimensions Review REVIEW Social Science Brandão Information/sur les sciences sociales MSP 1986 E. Servadio Mysticism and parapsychology Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review MSP 1986 P. V. Giesler GESP testing of shamanic cultists: Three studies and an evaluation of C.S. OR Journal of dramatic upsets during testing Parapsychology MSP 1987 B. Inglis Continued debate on the margery mediumship B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1987 D. Wood I don't feel that about environmental psychology today. But I want to Review REVIEW Journal of Environmental Psychology MSP 1987 E. Does geomagnetic activity effect extrasensory perception? C.S. OR Personality and Haraldsson Individual Differences MSP 1987 E. The Iyengar-Kirti case: An apparitional case of the bystander type Case OR Journal of the Society Haraldsson Report for Psychical Research MSP 1987 G. A. Lampe,friedo, a psychography - french - badoux,e B.R. BOOK Quinzaine Litteraire Goldschmidt MSP 1987 J. Schultz The reason of the fathers - psychography of middle-class mentality and B.R. BOOK Komparatistische enlightenment in germany - german - wild,r Hefte MSP 1987 S. M. The return of Dr Fritz: Spiritist healing and patronage networks in urban, Descriptiv OR Soc Sci Med Greenfield industrial Brazil e MSP 1987 T. R. Tietze Continued debate on the margery mediumship - reply Letters LETTERS J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1987 W. E. Cox Continued debate on the margery mediumship Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1988 J. Hoskins The drum is the shaman, the spear guides his voice Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med MSP 1988 S. E. Braude Mediumship and multiple personality Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1989 B. L. What ever possessed you...? B.R. BOOK Psycritiques Beyerstein MSP 1989 B. The good sense of fathers - on the psychography of the middle-class B.R. BOOK Zeitschrift Fur Stollbergrili mentality and the enlightenment in germany based on the example of their Historische nger childrens-literature - german - wild,r Forschung MSP 1989 C. B. Nash Intra-experiment and intra-subject scoring declines in "Extra-sensory Review REVIEW Journal of the Society perception after sixty years." for Psychical Research MSP 1989 C. S. ESP displacement effects: A review of pre-1940 concepts and qualitative Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Alvarado observations Res. MSP 1989 K. M. Hearne A questionnaire and personality study of self-styled psychics and mediums C.S. OR Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 1989 P. A. Wright The nature of the shamanic state of consciousness: a review Review REVIEW J Psychoactive Drugs MSP 1990 L. Tarazi An unusual case of hypnotic regression with some unexplained contents Case OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Report Res. MSP 1990 P. Brugger A "sheep-goat" effect in repetition avoidance: Extra-sensory perception as C.S. OR British Journal of an effect of subjective probability? Psychology MSP 1990 P. Brugger A sheep goat effect in repetition avoidance - extra-sensory perception as Review REVIEW British Journal of an effect of subjective-probability Psychology MSP 1990 R. I. Robert Hare's contribution to psychical research Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Anderson Res. 177

MSP 1991 C. S. Iatrogenesis and dissociation: A historical note Review REVIEW Dissociation Alvarado MSP 1991 C. W. Deciding how to decide: possession-mediumship in Jalari divination Review REVIEW Med Anthropol Nuckolls MSP 1991 H. F. The story of Helene Preiswerk: A critical study with new documents Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Ellenberger MSP 1991 L. M. A study of paranormal belief, magical ideation as an index of schizotypy Review REVIEW Personality and Williams and cognitive style Individual Differences MSP 1991 V. Skultans Women and affliction in Maharashtra: a hydraulic model of health and Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry illness MSP 1992 D. J. Hufford Paranormal experiences in the general population: Commentary Ed., EDITORIA J Nerv Ment Dis Comm. L MSP 1992 E. Effects of perceptual defensiveness, personality and belief on extrasensory C.S. OR Personality and Haraldsson perception tasks Individual Differences MSP 1992 M. M. The interface between multiple personality, spirit mediumship, and Review REVIEW American Journal of Richeport hypnosis Clinical Hypnosis MSP 1993 H. L. Edge The medium as healer and clown: An interpretation of Balinese Descriptiv OR J. Amer. Soc. Psych. mediumship e Res. MSP 1994 A. P. De Mediumship, psychodynamics and ESP: The case of Cristina Case OR Journal of the Society Carvalho Report for Psychical Research MSP 1994 E. W. Cook The subliminal consciousness - myers,f.w.h - approach to the problem of B.R. BOOK Journal of survival Parapsychology MSP 1994 J. M. O. Multiple personality, identity, and survival - an examination of B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Wheatley braude,stephen,e. 1st-person-plural Res. MSP 1994 L. A. Sharp Exorcists, psychiatrists, and the problems of possession in northwest Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med Madagascar MSP 1994 R. L. Inner eye, listening ear - an exploration into mediumship - beard,p B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Anderson Res. MSP 1994 W. Problems of 'mediumistic psychoses'. A case report Case OR Nervenarzt Vollmoeller Report MSP 1995 M. M. A healing journey in Brazil: A case study in spiritual surgery Descriptiv OR Journal of the Society Carvalho e for Psychical Research MSP 1995 R. I. When is Uvani?: Commentary Ed., EDITORIA J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Anderson Comm. L Res. MSP 1995 W. Faithhealers on tours: Serological elucidation of a mediumistic surgery Review REVIEW Romanian Journal of Huckenbeck Legal Medicine MSP 1997 I. Hacking From mesmer to freud: Magnetic sleep and the roots of psychological Review REVIEW Journal of healing: Adam Crabtree. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, Psychosomatic 1993. X + 413pp Research MSP 1997 W. Schaffner Mediumistic powers of signs - Determining the role of signs in the Meeting MEETING Weimarer Beitrage formation of an idea MSP 1998 C. [Occultism, parapsychology and the esoteric from the perspective of Letters LETTERS Fortschr Neurol Scharfetter psychopathology] Psychiatr MSP 1998 E. Taylor Jung before Freud, not Freud before Jung: the reception of Jung's work in Meeting MEETING Journal of Analytical American psychoanalytic circles between 1904 and 1909 Psychology MSP 1998 J. H. M. Dream and dreamlike states seen as kinds of possession: Implications for Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Whiteman mediumship, ESP and survival for Psychical Research MSP 1998 J. Mcclenon Icelandic spiritualism: Mediumship and modernity in Iceland Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Res. MSP 1999 J. M. Channelling—Sick or scientific? Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Decuypere for Psychical Research MSP 2000 J. Goodwin Commentary on Braude's "Dissociation and latent abilities: The strange Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Trauma & case of Patience Worth." Comm. L Dissociation MSP 2000 J. Radden Commentary on Braude's "Dissociation and latent abilities: The strange Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Trauma & case of Patience Worth." Comm. L Dissociation MSP 2000 L. Storm A paradigm shift away from the ESP-PK dichotomy: The theory of Review REVIEW Journal of psychopraxia Parapsychology MSP 2000 S. E. Braude Dissociation and latent abilities: The strange case of Patience Worth Review REVIEW Journal of Trauma & Dissociation MSP 2000 J. Fox Paranormal belief, experience, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter C.S. OR Psychological Reports MSP 2000 N. S. Don Trance surgery in Brazil Case OR Altern Ther Health Report Med MSP 2001 B.-Y. Rhi CULTURE, SPIRITUALITY, AND MENTAL HEALTH: The Forgotten Aspects Review REVIEW Psychiatric Clinics of of Religion and Health North America MSP 2001 J. Walliss Continuing bonds: Relationships between the living and the dead within Review REVIEW Mortality contemporary Spiritualism MSP 2001 M. Keen The scole investigation: A study in critical analysis of paranormal physical Review REVIEW JSE phenomena MSP 2001 R. A. White Review of Dream Telepathy: Experiments in Nocturnal Extra-Sensory B.R. BOOK J. Amer. Soc. Psych. Perception (3rd ed) Res. MSP 2002 C. S. Dissociation in Britain during the late nineteenth century: The society for Review REVIEW Journal of Trauma & Alvarado psychical research, 1882-1900 Dissociation MSP 2002 J. Ten Berge Jekyll and Hyde revisited: Paradoxes in the appreciation of drug Review REVIEW J Psychoactive Drugs experiences and their effects on creativity MSP 2002 P. J. Negro Jr Do religious mediumship dissociative experiences conform to the Review REVIEW Journal of Trauma & sociocognitive theory of dissociation? Dissociation MSP 2002 R. Wiseman The Mind Machine: A mass participation experiment into the possible C.S. OR British Journal of existence of extra-sensory perception Psychology MSP 2002 Y. S. Purvaj Syndrome: A culture bound reaction to stress and a C.S. OR Psychological Studies Vagrecha psychotherapeutic device MSP 2003 A. Moreira- Methodological guidelines to explore altered states of consciousness and Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Almeida anomalous experiences Clinica 178

MSP 2003 C. M. A re-examination of the possibility of chance coincidence as an alternative C.S. OR Journal of the Society Moreman explanation for mediumistic communication in the cross-correspondences for Psychical Research MSP 2003 C. S. The concept of survival of bodily death and the development of Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Alvarado parapsychology for Psychical Research MSP 2003 C. Williams Exploratory comparisons of energy metaphors in the discourses of two Review REVIEW J. Amer. Soc. Psych. psychics, a healer, and an aura reader Res. MSP 2003 D. Fontana Apparent post-mortem communications from professor Arthur Ellison Descriptiv OR Journal of the Society e for Psychical Research MSP 2003 G. E. Evidence of anomalous information retrieval between two mediums: C.S. OR Journal of the Society Schwartz Replication in a double-blind design for Psychical Research MSP 2003 J. L. Randall Francis Ward Monck and the problems of physical mediumship Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 2003 W. J. How magic survived the disenchantment of the world Review REVIEW Religion Hanegraaff MSP 2003 B. Palmer A controlled analysis of subjective paranormal experiences in temporal C.S. OR Journal of lobe dysfunction in a neuropsychiatric population Parapsychology MSP 2004 A. Hergovich The effect of pseudo-psychic demonstrations as dependent on belief in C.S. OR Personality and paranormal phenomena and suggestibility Individual Differences MSP 2004 A. Moreira- Mediumship seen by some pioneers of mental health Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Almeida Clinica MSP 2004 H. T. Hunt Review of "Alterations of Consciousness: An Empirical Analysis for Social B.R. BOOK Canadian Psychology Scientists" MSP 2004 J. L. Randall Letter to the Editor: Comment Letters LETTERS Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 2004 P. A. Mccue Methodological problems with the 'Robertson-Roy Protocol': Comment Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Society Comm. L for Psychical Research MSP 2004 R. A. White Review of The PK Zone: A Cross-Cultural Review of Psychokinesis Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 2004 T. J. Results of the Application of the Robertson-Roy Protocol to a Series of C.S. OR Journal of the Society Robertson Experiments with Mediums and Participants for Psychical Research MSP 2005 A. Cardoso David Ellis and his The Mediumship of the Tape Recorder Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Society Comm. L for Psychical Research MSP 2005 A. Moreira- Spiritist views of mental disorders in Brazil Review REVIEW Transcult Psychiatry Almeida MSP 2005 A. Moreira- History of 'Spiritist madness' in Brazil Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Almeida MSP 2005 C. O'Keeffe Testing alleged mediumship: Methods and results C.S. OR British Journal of Psychology MSP 2005 C. S. Review of Experiencing the next world now Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Alvarado Studies MSP 2005 D. Ellis David Ellis replies Letters LETTERS Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 2005 E. Bragdon Spiritist Healing Centers in Brazil Review REVIEW Seminars in Integrative Medicine MSP 2005 J. Rousseau The spellchecker case: Computer-mediated mediumship? C.S. OR Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 2005 M. R. The case of Iris Farczády--A stolen life: Correction Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Barrington for Psychical Research MSP 2005 P. Mulacz Physical mediumship: Open questions from the past, a challenge for the Review REVIEW Journal of future Parapsychology MSP 2005 R. Reinsel Physical mediumship, macro-PK and the autonomic nervous system Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Comm. L Parapsychology MSP 2005 R. Seligman From Affliction to Affirmation: Narrative Transformation and the Review REVIEW Transcult Psychiatry Therapeutics of Candomblé Mediumship MSP 2005 R. Seligman Distress, Dissociation, and Embodied Experience: Reconsidering the Review REVIEW Ethos Pathways to Mediumship and Mental Health MSP 2005 R. Wiseman Testing alleged mediumship: Methods and results Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Comm. L Parapsychology MSP 2005 S. Sharma Quantum states of mind: Ordinary perception to extra-ordinary Review REVIEW Psychol Stud perception MSP 2006 A. Moreira- Review of Is there Life After Death? An Examination of the Empirical B.R. BOOK Journal of Near-Death Almeida Evidence Studies MSP 2006 A. Moreira- Dissociative and Psychotic Experiences in Brazilian Spiritist Mediums C.S. OR Psychotherapy and Almeida Psychosomatics MSP 2006 C. S. Human radiations: Concepts of force in mesmerism, spiritualism and Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Alvarado psychical research for Psychical Research MSP 2006 D. Ellis David Ellis replies Letters LETTERS Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 2006 P. Rogers Belief in the paranormal, coping and emotional intelligence C.S. OR Personality and Individual Differences MSP 2007 A. A. Silva De Brazilian psychiatrists' approaches on trance and possession phenomena Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Almeida Clinica MSP 2007 B. Markwick Results of the application of the Robertson-Roy protocol to a series of Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Society experiments with mediums and participants: Comment Comm. L for Psychical Research MSP 2007 C. Moyer Mediumship, consciousness, and the brain Letters LETTERS EXPLORE MSP 2007 C. S. Historical perspectives of the influence of mediumship on the construction Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Alvarado of psychological and psychiatric ideas Clinica MSP 2007 G. E. Mediumship, consciousness, and the brain - In response Letters LETTERS EXPLORE Schwartz MSP 2007 G. P. Hansen Results of the application of the Robertson-Roy protocol to a series of Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Society experiments with mediums and participants: Comment Comm. L for Psychical Research MSP 2007 I. Barušs An experimental test of instrumental transcommunication C.S. OR JSE 179

MSP 2007 J. Beischel Contemporary methods used in laboratory-based mediumship research Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 2007 J. Beischel Anomalous information reception by research mediums demonstrated C.S. OR EXPLORE using a novel triple-blind protocol MSP 2007 R. Wooffitt Communication and laboratory performance in parapsychology C.S. OR Br J Soc Psychol experiments: demand characteristics and the social organization of interaction MSP 2007 S. Stahl On a linear assignment permutation test applied to parapsychological Review REVIEW European Journal of data--Computational enhancements and additional applications Parapsychology MSP 2007 T. J. Results of the application of the Robertson-Roy protocol to a series of Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Society Robertson experiments with mediums and participants: Commentary reply Comm. L for Psychical Research MSP 2007 A. Raballo Mapping silent spectrum predisposition: anomalous subjective Meeting MEETING European Psychiatry experiences and schizotypy in unaffected genetic high-risk subjects MSP 2007 A. Raballo Anomalous subjective experiences as a tentative new direction for a Meeting MEETING European Psychiatry youth-targeted psychometric high-risk approach MSP 2007 K. Schofield Paranormal experiences and mental health: Schizotypy as an underlying C.S. OR Personality and factor Individual Differences MSP 2007 R. G. Jahn Science of the subjective Review REVIEW EXPLORE MSP 2007 R. G. Jahn The PEAR proposition Review REVIEW EXPLORE MSP 2008 A. Moreira- Comparison of Brazilian spiritist mediumship and dissociative identity C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis Almeida disorder MSP 2008 A. Parker The Ingeborg Dahl case revisited Review REVIEW Journal of the Society for Psychical Research MSP 2008 C. S. Note on Online Books and Articles About the History of Dissociation Review REVIEW Journal of Trauma & Alvarado Dissociation MSP 2008 C. S. Note on Charles Richet's "La suggestion mentale et le calcul des Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado probabilités" (1884) MSP 2008 E. Ian Stevenson's contributions to the study of mediumship Review REVIEW JSE Haraldsson MSP 2008 R. Noakes The ‘world of the infinitely little’: connecting physical and psychical Review REVIEW Studies in History and realities circa 1900 Philosophy of Science MSP 2008 R. Wooffitt Discourse, rhetoric, and the accomplishment of mediumship in stage Review REVIEW Mortality demonstrations MSP 2008 S. Krippner Review of "Extraordinary knowing: Science, skepticism and the B.R. BOOK American Journal of inexplicable powers of the human mind" Clinical Hypnosis MSP 2009 Adam J. Is there madness in our mediumship methods? A response to roxburgh Letters LETTERS JSE Rock and roe MSP 2009 B. J. Dotzler [Knowledge in stories. On the mutual lucidation of literature, media, and Review REVIEW Ber Wiss science] MSP 2009 C. G. Jensen A controlled long-distance test of a professional medium C.S. OR European Journal of Parapsychology MSP 2009 C. S. Analyzing mediumistic mentation Letters LETTERS JSE Alvarado MSP 2009 C. S. Ambroise August Liébeault and psychic phenomena Review REVIEW American Journal of Alvarado Clinical Hypnosis MSP 2009 E. Kraepelin Kraepelin-fraud syndrome Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses MSP 2009 E. Robinson Extra-sensory perception—A controversial debate Review REVIEW The Psychologist MSP 2009 H. Wolffram In the laboratory of the Ghost-Baron: parapsychology in Germany in the Review REVIEW Endeavour early 20th century MSP 2009 J. Beischel Addressing the survival versus psi debate through process-focused Review REVIEW Journal of mediumship research Parapsychology MSP 2009 M. Sudduth Super-psi and the survivalist interpretation of mediumship Review REVIEW JSE MSP 2009 S. E. Braude Perspectival awareness and postmortem survival Review REVIEW JSE MSP 2009 S. Mauskopf Review of Unbelievable: Investigations into ghosts, poltergeists, telepathy, B.R. BOOK Journal of and other unseen phenomena, from the Duke Parapsychology Laboratory Parapsychology MSP 2009 C. Exploring how gender role and boundary thinness relate to paranormal C.S. OR Journal of the Society Simmonds- experiences, beliefs and performance on a forced-choice clairvoyance task for Psychical Research Moore MSP 2009 C. Sleep patterns, personality, and subjective anomalous experiences C.S. OR Imagination, Simmonds- Cognition and Moore Personality MSP 2010 A. Giuditta The 1907 psychokinetic experiments of professor filippo bottazzi Review REVIEW JSE MSP 2010 A. Parra Correlational examination between paranormal/anomalous experiences, C.S. OR Revista dissociation, absorption and fantasy proneness: survey on a Iberoamericana de undergraduate student sample Diagnostico y Evaluacion Psicologica MSP 2010 C. S. Investigating mental mediums: Research suggestions from the historical Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado literature MSP 2010 C. S. ‘Divisions of personality and spiritism’ by Alfred Binet (1896) Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Alvarado MSP 2010 C. S. Nineteenth century pioneers in the study of dissociation: William James Review REVIEW Journal of Alvarado and psychical research Consciousness Studies MSP 2010 C. Treitel Review of The stepchildren of science: Psychical research and B.R. BOOK Journal of the History parapsychology in Germany c. 1870-1939 of the Behavioral Sciences MSP 2010 D. E. Santo 'Who else is in the drawer?' Trauma, personhood and prophylaxis among Review REVIEW Anthropol Med Cuban scientific spiritists MSP 2010 D. Espirito Spiritist boundary-work and the morality of materiality in Afro-Cuban Review REVIEW Journal of Material Santo religion Culture MSP 2010 D. M. Beck Review of The sympathetic medium: Feminine channeling, the occult, and B.R. BOOK Journal of Gender communication technologies, 1859–1919 Studies 180

MSP 2010 E. Asprem A nice arrangement of heterodoxies: William mcdougall and the Review REVIEW Journal of the History professionalization of psychical research of the Behavioral Sciences MSP 2010 E. Bonilla Mind-body connection, parapsychological phenomena and spiritual Review REVIEW Investigacion Clinica healing. A Review MSP 2010 E. Fire in Copenhagen and Stockholm Indridason's and Swedenborg's Review REVIEW JSE Haraldsson "Remote viewing" Experiences MSP 2010 E. Maraldi Importance of a psychosocial approach for a comprehensive Review REVIEW JSE understanding of mediumship MSP 2010 E. W. Kelly Some directions for mediumship research Review REVIEW JSE MSP 2010 G. E. William James and the search for scientific evidence of life after death: Review REVIEW Journal of Schwartz Past, present, and possible future Consciousness Studies MSP 2010 J. T. Lamiell Why was there no place for personalistic thinking in 20th century Review REVIEW New Ideas in psychology? Psychology MSP 2010 M. Grosso Advantages of being multiplex Review REVIEW JSE MSP 2010 R. Wooffitt Introspection as institutional practice: Reflections on the attempt to Review REVIEW Qualitative Research capture conscious experience in a parapsychology experiment in Psychology MSP 2010 T. Rabeyron Clinical approach of exceptional experiences: From trauma to paranormal Review REVIEW Evolution solution Psychiatrique MSP 2011 A. Jung The grandfather Review REVIEW Journal of Analytical Psychology MSP 2011 A. Menezes Mental health of mediums and differential diagnosis between mediumship Review REVIEW JSE Jr and mental disorders MSP 2011 A. Moreira- Differential diagnosis between non-pathological psychotic and spiritual Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Almeida experiences and mental disorders: a contribution from Latin American Clinica studies to the ICD-11 MSP 2011 C. S. Eusapia palladino: An autobiographical essay Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado MSP 2011 E. C. A survey of dissociation, boundary-thinness, and psychological wellbeing C.S. OR Journal of Roxburgh in spiritualist mental mediumship Parapsychology MSP 2011 E. W. Kelly Mediumship research response Letters LETTERS J Nerv Ment Dis MSP 2011 E. W. Kelly An Investigation of Mediums Who Claim to Give Information About C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis Deceased Persons MSP 2011 J. Beischel Mediumship research Letters LETTERS J Nerv Ment Dis MSP 2011 J. H. Across cultural boundaries: Psychophysiological responses, absorption, C.S. OR Neuroquantology Hageman and dissociation comparison between Brazilian Spiritists and advanced meditators MSP 2011 J. Hunter Talking with the spirits: Anthropology and interpreting spirit Review REVIEW Journal of the Society communications for Psychical Research MSP 2011 J. Mack Healing words: becoming a spirit-host in Madagascar Review REVIEW Anthropol Med MSP 2011 M. Bova Jimmy's Out-of-Body Experiences Review REVIEW Neuroquantology MSP 2011 M. Nahm Thoughts about thought bundles: A commentary on jürgen Keil's paper Ed., EDITORIA JSE "questions of the reincarnation type" Comm. L MSP 2011 S. K. A. E. K. Some personal and social variables that affect extra sensory perception C.S. OR Psychology Zahran (sixth sense) MSP 2011 V. M. Neppe Ensuring Homogeneous Data Collection for Present and Future Research REVIEW REVIEW Neuroquantology on Possible Psi Phenomena by Detailing Subjective Descriptions, Using the Multi-Axial A to Z SEATTLE Classification MSP 2012 A. Menezes Sociodemographic and anomalous experiences profile in subjects with C.S. OR Revista de Psiquiatria Jr psychotic and dissociative experiences in religious groups Clinica MSP 2012 A. Moreira- Assessing clinical implications of spiritual experiences Review REVIEW Asian Journal of Almeida Psychiatry MSP 2012 A. Sommer Policing epistemic deviance: Albert Von Schrenck-Notzing and Albert Review REVIEW Med Hist Moll(1) MSP 2012 A. Sommer Psychical research and the origins of American psychology: Hugo Review REVIEW History of the Human Münsterberg, William James and Eusapia Palladino Sciences MSP 2012 C. S. The psychic sciences in france: Historial notes on the annales des sciences Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado psychiques MSP 2012 C. S. Notes on early interpretations of mediumship Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado MSP 2012 C. S. ‘The Pathology and Treatment of Mediomania’, by Frederic Rowland Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Alvarado Marvin (1874) MSP 2012 E. Contemporary concepts of dissociation Meeting MEETING Psychiatria Danubina Avdibegović MSP 2012 E. Cardeña Review of The message: Kunst und Okkultismus (art and occultism) B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology MSP 2012 E. Further facets of Indridi Indridason's mediumship, including Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Haraldsson 'transcendental' music, direct speech, xenoglossy and light phenomena for Psychical Research MSP 2012 J. Beischel A quarter century of applied research Review REVIEW Journal of Parapsychology MSP 2012 J. F. P. Peres Neuroimaging during Trance State: A Contribution to the Study of C.S. OR Plos One Dissociation MSP 2012 M. Cella How psychotic-like are paranormal beliefs? C.S. OR Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry MSP 2012 P. F. The content-source problem in modern mediumship research Review REVIEW Journal of Cunningham Parapsychology MSP 2012 R. Devisch Of divinatory connaissance in South-Saharan Africa: the bodiliness of Review REVIEW Anthropol Med perception, inter-subjectivity and inter-world resonance MSP 2012 V. Sierpina Exploring Frontiers of the Mind−Brain Relationship, Alexander Moreira- B.R. BOOK EXPLORE Almeida, Franklin Santana Santos. Springer (2012) 181

MSP 2012 A. Parra Dissociation, absorption, fantasy proneness and sensation-seeking in C.S. OR Journal of the Society psychic claimants for Psychical Research MSP 2013 A. Delorme Electrocortical activity associated with subjective communication with the C.S. OR Frontiers in deceased Psychology MSP 2013 A. Moreira- Scientific research on mediumship and mind-brain relationship: reviewing Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Almeida the evidence Clinica MSP 2013 A. Moreira- Implications of spiritual experiences to the understanding of mind–brain Review REVIEW Asian Journal of Almeida relationship Psychiatry MSP 2013 C. S. Psychic phenomena and the mind-body problem: historical notes on a Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Alvarado neglected conceptual tradition Clinica MSP 2013 C. S. Nineteenth century psychical research in mainstream journals: The revue Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado philosophique de la France et de l'Étranger MSP 2013 E. D. Maraldi A Biopsychosocial Approach to Creative Dissociation: Remarks on a Case Review REVIEW Neuroquantology of Mediumistic Painting MSP 2013 G. Lucchetti Historical and cultural aspects of the pineal gland: comparison between Review REVIEW Neuro Endocrinol Lett the theories provided by Spiritism in the 1940s and the current scientific evidence MSP 2013 J. F. P. Peres Neuroimaging and mediumship: a promising research line Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica MSP 2013 J. T. Lamiell A needed clarification: In response to a review of William Stern Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Theoretical (1871-1938): A Brief Introduction to His Life and Works Comm. L and Philosophical Psychology MSP 2013 J. T. Lamiell Statisticism in personality psychologists’ use of trait constructs: What is it? Review REVIEW New Ideas in How was it contracted? Is there a cure? Psychology MSP 2013 P. Le Spiritist delusions and spiritism in the nosography of French psychiatry Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Malefan (1850-1950) MSP 2013 R. Wooffitt Self-identity, authenticity and the Other: The spirits and audience Review REVIEW Language & management in stage mediumship Communication MSP 2013 V. M. Neppe Review of Exploring frontiers of the mind-brain relationship B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology MSP 2013 V. Steffen Crisis as deferred closure—Clairvoyant counselling in contemporary Review REVIEW Anthropol Med Danish society MSP 2013 W. R. Review of William Stern (1871–1938): A brief introduction to his life Review REVIEW Journal of Theoretical Woodward and works and Philosophical Psychology MSP 2014 A. B. The neuroscientific study of spiritual practices Review REVIEW Frontiers in Newberg Psychology MSP 2014 A. C. Rocha Investigating the fit and accuracy of alleged mediumistic writing: a case C.S. OR EXPLORE study of Chico Xavier's letters MSP 2014 A. Graus Hypnosis in Spain (1888–1905): From spectacle to medical treatment of Review REVIEW Studies in History and mediumship Philosophy of Science MSP 2014 Adam J. Discarnate readings by claimant mediums: Assessing phenomenology and C.S. OR Journal of Rock accuracy under beyond double-blind conditions Parapsychology MSP 2014 C. S. Mediumship, psychical research, dissociation, and the powers of the Review REVIEW Journal of Alvarado subconscious mind Parapsychology MSP 2014 C. S. G. Stanley hall on "mystic or borderline phenomena" Review REVIEW JSE Alvarado MSP 2014 D. Lukoff Review of Exploring frontiers of the mind-body relationship B.R. BOOK The Journal of transpersonal psychology MSP 2014 E. C. Reframing voices and visions using a spiritual model. An interpretative C.S. OR Mental Health, Roxburgh phenomenological analysis of anomalous experiences in mediumship Religion and Culture MSP 2014 E. Walsh Using suggestion to model different types of automatic writing Review REVIEW Consciousness and Cognition MSP 2014 I. J. Kidd Was Sir William Crookes epistemically virtuous? Review REVIEW Studies in History and Philosophy of Science MSP 2014 K. How consumers as aesthetic subjects co-create the aesthetic experience of Review REVIEW Journal of Retailing Nuttavuthisi the retail environment and Consumer t Services MSP 2014 M. T. Enrico Morselli's Psychology and "Spiritism": psychiatry, psychology and Review REVIEW Stud Hist Philos Biol Brancaccio psychical research in Italy in the decades around 1900 Biomed Sci MSP 2014 M. Valášek Testing the implicit processing hypothesis of precognitive dream C.S. OR Consciousness and experience Cognition MSP 2014 R. Noakes Haunted thoughts of the careful experimentalist: Psychical research and Review REVIEW Studies in History and the troubles of experimental physics Philosophy of Science MSP 2015 G. A. The Relationship Between Latent Inhibition and Performance at a Non- C.S. OR EXPLORE Hitchman intentional Precognition Task MSP 2015 G. Osborne The working life of a medium: a qualitative examination of mediumship as C.S. OR Mental Health, a support service for the bereaved Religion and Culture MSP 2015 J. Beischel Anomalous Information Reception by Research Mediums Under Blinded C.S. OR EXPLORE Conditions II: Replication and Extension MSP 2015 J. Li The craziness for extra-sensory perception: qigong fever and the science- Review REVIEW Zygon pseudoscience debate in china MSP 2015 G. A. M. The Relationship Between Latent Inhibition and Performance at a Non- C.S. OR EXPLORE Hitchman intentional Precognition Task MSP 2015 A. L. G. Spiritual treatment for depression in brazil: an experience from spiritism Case OR EXPLORE Lucchetti Report MSP 2015 G. Osborne The working life of a medium: a qualitative examination of mediumship as C.S. OR Mental Health, a support service for the bereaved Religion and Culture MSP 2015 A. Parra Exploring Psychomanteum as a Psi-Conducive State of Consciousness C.S. OR Neuroquantology MSP 2015 S. An Ambiguous Spirit Dream and Tuareg-Kunta Relationships in Rural Case OR Anthropological Rasmussen Northern Mali Report Quarterly 182

MSP 2015 C. S. Note on the reception of Théodore Flournoy's Des Indes à la Planète Mars Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Alvarado for Psychical Research MSP 2015 S. 'S.W.' and C.G. Jung: Mediumship, psychiatry and serial exemplarity Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Shamdasani MSP 2015 Bastos Mediumship: Review of quantitatives studies published in the 21st Review REVIEW Revista de Psiquiatria M.A.V, Jr. century Clinica MSP 2015 P. Mu The invisible and the visible: Cmmunicating with the yin world C.S. OR Asian Ethnology PSP 1961 A. Kiev Spirit possession in Haiti Review REVIEW Am J Psychiatry PSP 1964 E. D. Spirit possession in haitian vodum ceremonies Review REVIEW Acta Psychother Witthower Psychosom PSP 1966 S. A. Freed Spirit possession as illness in a north indian village Descriptiv OR International Journal e of Parapsychology PSP 1968 R. Giel Faith-healing and spirit-possession in Ghion, Ethiopia Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med PSP 1970 E. D. Trance and possession states Review REVIEW Int J Soc Psychiatry Witthower PSP 1970 A. I. Malcolm Trance and possession states - prince,r B.R. BOOK Canadas Mental Health PSP 1971 C. Nelson Self, spirit possession and world view: an illustration from Egypt Review REVIEW Int J Soc Psychiatry PSP 1971 I. Atkin Ecstatic religion - anthropological study of spirit possession and B.R. BOOK British Journal of shamanism - lewis,im Psychiatry PSP 1973 C. L. Teoh Spirit possession in an Indian family. A case report Case OR Singapore Medical Report Journal PSP 1973 H. H. Figge On the development and stabilization of secondary-personalities within Review REVIEW Confinia Psychiatrica the framework of possession cults. [On the development and stabilization of secondary-personalities within the framework of possession cults.] PSP 1974 Bourgeoi. M Hysteria and pentecostalism (ritual possession and hysterodimonopathic Review REVIEW Annales Medico- trance) Psychologiques PSP 1974 O. Phenomenology of possession among the Mitsogho: Psychosocial aspects. Review REVIEW Psychopathologie Gollnhofer [Phenomenology of possession among the Mitsogho: Psychosocial Africaine aspects.] PSP 1975 H. H. Figge Spirit possession and healing cult among the Brasilian Umbanda Review REVIEW Psychother Psychosom PSP 1975 J. D. Koss Therapeutic aspects of Puerto Rican cult practices Review REVIEW Psychiatry PSP 1975 H. Hitson Trance, healing and hallucination: by F.D. Goodman, J. H. Henney and E. B.R. BOOK Soc Sci Med Weidman Pressel. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1974. 388 pp. $12.50 PSP 1976 C. P. Possession trance in a semi-urban community in Sri Lanka C.S. OR Aust N Z J Psychiatry Wijesinghe PSP 1976 H. Graham The social image of pregnancy: pregnancy as spirit possession Review REVIEW Sociol Rev PSP 1976 J. Ehrenwald Six vignettes on the interface of psychiatry and psychical research Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review PSP 1976 S. Suwanlert Neurotic and psychotic states attributed to Thai "Phii Pob" spirit Review REVIEW Aust N Z J Psychiatry possession PSP 1976 T. H. Woon Psychotherapeutic management of a potential spirit medium Review REVIEW Aust N Z J Psychiatry PSP 1978 G. E. Trance and possession - studies of charismatic influence Review REVIEW Review of Religious Swanson Research PSP 1978 S. Suwanlert Psychiatric treatment in Thai spirit possession Review REVIEW J Med Assoc Thai PSP 1979 E. Corin A possession psychotherapy in an urban setting: Zebola in Kinshasa Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med PSP 1979 H. H. Falling-out: A diagnostic and treatment problem viewed from a Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med Weidman transcultural perspective PSP 1979 P. J. Claus Spirit possession and spirit mediumship from the perspective of Tulu oral Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry traditions PSP 1979 P. J. Kinloch Samoan spirit possession: Case report Case OR New Zealand Medical Report Journal PSP 1979 M. Attitude of a group of Zambian females to spirit possession (ngulu) Ed., EDITORIA East Afr Med J Dhadphale Comm. L PSP 1980 H. K. Bomohs, doctors and sinsehs—Medical pluralism in Malaysia Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med Heggenhoug en PSP 1980 M. Cramer Psychopathology and shamanism in rural Mexico: A case study of spirit Case OR British Journal of possession Report Medical Psychology PSP 1980 R. C. Ness The impact of indigenous healing activity: An empirical study of two Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med fundamentalist churches PSP 1980 R. Garfias Role of dreams and spirit possession in the mbira-dza-vadzimu music of Review REVIEW Journal of Altered the shona people of zimbabwe States of Consciousness PSP 1981 C. Ward Spirit possession and neuroticism in a West Indian Pentecostal community C.S. OR British Journal of Clinical Psychology PSP 1981 M. G. Kenny Multiple personality and spirit possession Review REVIEW Psychiatry PSP 1981 J. Apeldoorn Spirit possession in the cook islanders Letters LETTERS New Zealand Medical Journal PSP 1982 A. Zempleni Music and the trance - outline of a general-theory of the relationships of Review REVIEW Psychopathologie music and of possession - french - rouget,g Africaine PSP 1982 E. F. Kelly Pre-literate societies Review REVIEW Parapsychology Review PSP 1982 L. H. Connor Ships of fools and vessels of the divine: Mental hospitals and madness, a Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med case study PSP 1982 R. L. Mckee Psi related beliefs among the rural people of Swaziland C.S. OR Parapsychology Review PSP 1983 A. Seltzer Psychodynamics of spirit possession among the Inuit Descriptiv OR Can J Psychiatry e PSP 1983 D. J. Spencer Psychiatric dilemmas in Australian aborigines Review REVIEW Int J Soc Psychiatry 183

PSP 1983 R. N. The process of change: by Maxwell Jones. Routledge & Kegan Paul, B.R. BOOK Soc Sci Med Rapoport London, 1982 PSP 1983 K. A. Zeno Shamans, mystics and doctors: by Sudhir Kakar. Knopf, New York, 1982. B.R. BOOK Soc Sci Med 306 pp. $15.00 PSP 1984 E. C. Green Traditional healers in Swaziland: Toward improved cooperation between Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med the traditional and modern health sectors PSP 1984 F. Handbook of clinical psychobiology and pathology: Vols 1 and 2, by B.R. BOOK Soc Sci Med Magnussen Sanford I. Cohen and Robert N. Ross. Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1983. Vol. 1, 417 pp. Vol. 2, 342 pp. No price given PSP 1984 Y. Nakagawa Illness and healing among the Sakalin Ainu, a symbolic interpretation: by B.R. BOOK Soc Sci Med Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981. 245 pp. $34.50 PSP 1985 D. Pedersen Health and traditional medicine cultures in Latin America and the Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med Caribbean PSP 1985 P. Women heal women: spirit possession and sexual segregation in a Muslim Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med Constantinid society es PSP 1985 P. De Silva Behavior therapy in Sri Lanka Review REVIEW Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry PSP 1985 P. Fry Male homosexuality and spirit possession in Brazil Review REVIEW J Homosex PSP 1985 P. V. Giesler Differential micro-PK effects among Afro-Brazilian cultists: Three studies C.S. OR Journal of using trance-significant symbols as targets Parapsychology PSP 1986 E. H. Kua A cross-cultural study of the possession-trance in Singapore C.S. OR Aust N Z J Psychiatry PSP 1986 WINKELMA Trance states: A theoretical model and cross-cultural analysis Review REVIEW Ethos N, M. PSP 1986 Shirali, K. A Life stress, demographic variables and personality (TAT) in eleven cases of C.S. OR Personality Study & possession (trance-medium) in Shimla Tehsil Group Behaviour PSP 1987 T. J. Csordas Health and the holy in African and Afro-American spirit possession Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med PSP 1987 W. M. Melia Spirit possession and bewitchment presenting as physical illness: report of Case OR J R Army Med Corps four cases in Nepalese males Report PSP 1988 B. Parker Ritual coordination of medical pluralism in highland Nepal: Implications Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med for policy PSP 1988 B. Pfleiderer The semiotics of ritual healing in a North Indian Muslim shrine Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med PSP 1988 G. T. Haar Spirit possession and healing in modern Zambia: an analysis of letters to Review REVIEW Afr Aff (Lond) Archbishop Milingo PSP 1988 K. Safa Reading Saedi's Ahl-e Hava: pattern and significance in spirit possession Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry beliefs on the southern coasts of Iran PSP 1988 L. Alonso Mental illness complicated by the Santeria belief in spirit possession Case OR Hospital and Report Community Psychiatry PSP 1988 L. Kendall Healing thyself: A Korean shaman's afflictions Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med PSP 1988 Peters, L.G. Borderline personality disorder and the possession syndrome: An Review REVIEW Transcultural ethnopsychoanalytic perspective Psychiatric Research Review PSP 1988 R. K. Dentan Ambiguity, synecdoche and affect in semai medicine Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med PSP 1988 S. J. Stein Spirit possession and popular religion - from the camisards to the shakers B.R. BOOK American Historical - garrett,c Review PSP 1988 J. G. Spirit possession in Nepal Letters LETTERS J R Army Med Corps Dickinson PSP 1989 P. A. Wright The nature of the shamanic state of consciousness: A review Review REVIEW Journal of Psychoactive Drugs PSP 1990 E. Witztum Summoning a punishing angel: treatment of a depressed patient with Case OR Bull Menninger Clin dissociative features Report PSP 1990 L. A. Sharp Possessed and dispossessed youth: spirit possession of school children in Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry northwest Madagascar PSP 1990 S. E. Braude The infinite boundary - a psychic look at spirit possession, madness, and B.R. BOOK Journal of the multiple personality - rogo,ds American Society for Psychical Research PSP 1990 W. R. Ward Spirit possession and popular religion from the camisards to the shakers - B.R. BOOK English Historical garrett,c Review PSP 1991 D. C. Goff The delusion of possession in chronically psychotic-patients C.S. OR Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease PSP 1991 V. Skultans Women and affliction in Maharashtra: A hydraulic model of health and Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry illness PSP 1991 L. G. Peters Ecstatic religion - a study of shamanism and spirit possession, 2nd edition B.R. BOOK Journal of Nervous - lewis,im and Mental Disease PSP 1992 C Li Trance states, altered states of consciousness, and related issues. [Trance Review REVIEW Chinese Mental Health states, altered states of consciousness, and related issues.] Journal PSP 1992 E. Cardeña Trance and possession as dissociative disorders Review REVIEW Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review PSP 1992 L. K. Suryani Psychiatrist, traditional healer and culture integrated in clinical practice in Review REVIEW Med Anthropol Bali PSP 1992 M. M. The interface between multiple personality, spirit mediumship, and Review REVIEW Am J Clin Hypn Richeport hypnosis PSP 1992 R. Lewis- The proposed DSM-IV trance and possession disorder category: Potential Review REVIEW Transcultural Fernández benefits and risks Psychiatric Research Review PSP 1993 E. H. Kua Spirit possession and healing among Chinese psychiatric patients C.S. OR Acta Psychiatr Scand PSP 1993 G. Schulte- [Trance states--a case report] Case OR Z Kinder 184

Korne Report Jugendpsychiatr PSP 1993 J. Leavitt Are trance and possession disorders? Ed., EDITORIA Transcultural Comm. L Psychiatric Research Review PSP 1993 R. Noll Exorcism and possession: The clash of worldviews and the hubris of Review REVIEW Dissociation psychiatry PSP 1994 E. Cardeña Dissociative trance disorder, amnesia, and fugue - new proposals Review REVIEW International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PSP 1994 H. El Guindy The Zar: An ancient dance of healing Review REVIEW American Journal of Dance Therapy PSP 1994 H. S. Wilson Special report: DSM-IV: Overview and examination of major changes Review REVIEW Archives of Psychiatric Nursing PSP 1994 J. Boddy Spirit possession revisited - beyond instrumentality Review REVIEW Annual Review of Anthropology PSP 1994 N. P. Spanos Multiple identity enactments and multiple personality-disorder - a Review REVIEW Psychological Bulletin sociocognitive perspective PSP 1994 P. Heine The gnawa cult - spiritual trances, exorcism, and possession in morocco - Review REVIEW Islam-Zeitschrift Fur german - welte,fm Geschichte Und Kultur Des Islamischen Orients PSP 1994 R. J. Castillo Spirit possession in South Asia, dissociation or hysteria? Part 2: Case Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry histories PSP 1994 R. J. Castillo Spirit possession in South Asia, dissociation or hysteria? Part 1: Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry Theoretical background PSP 1995 E. G. The Zar: An ancient dance of healing: Erratum Review REVIEW American Journal of Howaida Dance Therapy PSP 1995 E. Hegeman Groups and the mediation of dissociative experience - a western and Review REVIEW Group nonwestern comparison PSP 1995 L. G. Peters Karga puja: a transpersonal ritual of healing in tamang shamanism Review REVIEW Altern Ther Health Med PSP 1995 L. Maurizio Anthropology and spirit possession: a reconsideration of the Pythia's role Review REVIEW J Hell Stud at Delphi PSP 1995 M. Azaunce Is it schizophrenia or spirit possession? Review REVIEW Journal of Social Distress & the Homeless PSP 1995 W. J. Ray Dissociative experiences in a college-age population - follow-up with 1190 Prospecti OR Personality and subjects ve Individual Differences PSP 1996 D. Halperin Trance and possession: Are they the same? Review REVIEW Transcult Psychiatry PSP 1996 JHM A firsthand experiential view of "multiple personality" and possession Review REVIEW Journal of the Society Whiteman for Psychical Research PSP 1996 S. Ferracuti Dissociative trance disorder: clinical and Rorschach findings in ten C.S. OR J Pers Assess persons reporting demon possession and treated by exorcism PSP 1996 S. Satoh A case of possessive state with onset influenced by 'door-to-door' sales Case OR Psychiatry and Report Clinical Neurosciences PSP 1997 A. Al- Spirit possession and exorcism in the treatment of a bedouin psychiatric Case OR Clinical Social Work Krenawi patient Report Journal PSP 1997 E. Somer Paranormal and dissociative experiences in Middle-Eastern Jews in Israel: C.S. OR Dissociation Diagnostic and treatment dilemmas PSP 1997 J. H. Crook The indigenous psychiatry of Ladakh, part I: Practice theory approaches to Review REVIEW Anthropol Med trance possession in the Himalayas PSP 1997 PJ Alexander Limited utility of ICD-10 and DSM-IV classification of dissociative and Review REVIEW Acta Psychiatr Scand conversion disorders in India PSP 1997 U. Wolfradt Dissociative experiences and paranormal beliefs: A German-Venezuelan C.S. OR Zeitschrift fur comparative study Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie PSP 1998 F. Orengo- On the anatamophysiological basis of trances and dissociation Review REVIEW Actas Luso-Espanolas Garcia De Neurologia Psiquiatria Y Ciencias Afines PSP 1998 J. H. Crook The indigenous psychiatry of Ladakh, part II: Narrative and metanarrative Review REVIEW Anthropol Med in the cultural control of dissociative states in the Himalayas PSP 1998 M. Piñeros An epidemic of collective conversion and dissociation disorder in an Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med indigenous group of Colombia: its relation to cultural change PSP 1998 R. Ducornet A woman's weapon: Spirit possession in the 'Tale of Genji' B.R. BOOK American B.R. PSP 1998 R. Lewis- A cultural critique of the DSM-IV dissociative disorders section Review REVIEW Transcult Psychiatry Fernández PSP 1998 S. Krippner Spirit possession and personhood among the Kel Ewey Tuareg Review REVIEW Am J Clin Hypn PSP 1998 U. Risk Factors for Spirit Possession among School Girls in Southern Thailand C.S. OR J Med Assoc Thai Trangkasom bat PSP 1999 A. Martinez- A case of spirit possession and glossolalia Case OR Cult Med Psychiatry Taboas Report PSP 1999 H. Rin Spirit possession in southern Taiwan. [Spirit possession in southern Review REVIEW Seishin Igaku (Clinical Taiwan.] Psychiatry) PSP 2000 B.-Y. Ng Phenomenology of trance states seen at a psychiatric hospital in Descriptiv OR Transcult Psychiatry Singapore: A cross-cultural perspective e PSP 2000 E. Somer Stambali: Dissociative possession and trance in a tunisian healing dance Review REVIEW Transcult Psychiatry PSP 2000 Michele Shamanism, psychosis and autonomous imagination Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry 185

Stephen PSP 2000 S. N. Chiu Historical, religious, and medical perspectives of possession phenomenon Review REVIEW Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry PSP 2001 G. Onchev Heterogeneity of the possession experiences: A case study from Pemba Case OR European Journal of Report Psychiatry PSP 2001 N. Kawai Catecholamines and opioid peptides increase in plasma in humans during C.S. OR Neuroreport possession trances PSP 2002 B.-Y. Ng Personality profiles of patients with dissociative trance disorder in C.S. OR Comprehensive Singapore Psychiatry PSP 2002 J. G. Imitation is far more than the sincerest of flattery: The mimetic power of Review REVIEW Cultural Anthropology Snodgrass spirit possession in Rajasthan, India PSP 2002 P. F. Dell Dissociative phenomenology of dissociative identity disorder Review REVIEW Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease PSP 2002 R. De la The study of consciousness: Present state Review REVIEW Salud Mental Fuente PSP 2002 S. Basu Trance and possession like symptoms in a case of CNS lesion: a case report Case OR Indian Journal of Report Psychiatry PSP 2002 T. Oohashi Electroencephalographic measurement of possession trance in the field C.S. OR Clinical Neurophysiology PSP 2002 Y. S. Purvaj Syndrome: A culture bound reaction to stress and a C.S. OR Psychological Studies Vagrecha psychotherapeutic device PSP 2003 R. J. Castillo Trance, functional psychosis, and culture Review REVIEW Psychiatry- Interpersonal and Biological Processes PSP 2003 T. Nakanishi Dissociative stupor, trance and possession disorders Review REVIEW Ryōikibetsu shōkōgun shirīzu PSP 2003 R. Willis Review of The hammer and the flute: Women, power, and spirit B.R. BOOK Journal of Gender possession Studies PSP 2004 B.-Y. Ng Psychosocial stressors that precipitate dissociative trance disorder in Descriptiv OR Aust N Z J Psychiatry Singapore e PSP 2004 D. M. Précis of The illusion of conscious will Review REVIEW Behavioral and Brain Wegner Sciences PSP 2004 E. Somer Trance Possession Disorder in Judaism: Sixteenth-Century Dybbuks in the Review REVIEW Journal of Trauma & Near East Dissociation PSP 2004 J. G. [The berserks--what was wrong with them?] Review REVIEW Tidsskr Nor Hoyersten Laegeforen PSP 2004 R. Possession states Review REVIEW Psychiatry Littlewood PSP 2004 S. Ferracuti Ritual homicide during dissociative trance disorder Case OR International Journal Report of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology PSP 2004 Domhoff, G. Is "Scientism" the "Authentic Science" After All? B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques William PSP 2004 HT Hunt Review of "Alterations of Consciousness: An Empirical Analysis for Social B.R. BOOK Canadian Scientists" Psychology/Psycholo gie canadienne PSP 2005 A. Moreira- History of 'Spiritist madness' in Brazil Review REVIEW History of Psychiatry Almeida PSP 2005 M. Just some spirits: the erosion of spirit possession and the rise of "tension" Review REVIEW Med Anthropol Halliburton in South India PSP 2005 C. P. Szabo Dissociative trance disorder associated with major depression and Letters LETTERS Aust N Z J Psychiatry bereavement in a South African female adolescent PSP 2006 E. S. Why Conversion Seizures Should Be Classified as a Dissociative Disorder Review REVIEW Psychiatric Clinics of Bowman North America PSP 2006 E. Somer Culture-bound dissociation: A comparative analysis Review REVIEW Psychiatric Clinics of North America PSP 2006 E. Wohlfart The search for the open doors. An ethnopsychiatric/ethnopsychoanalytic Case OR Psyche case report about the phenomenon of spirit possession Report PSP 2006 F. H. Previc The role of the extrapersonal brain systems in religious activity Review REVIEW Consciousness and Cognition PSP 2006 K. G. Way How Metaphors Shape the Concept and Treatment of Dissociation Review REVIEW Psychiatric Clinics of North America PSP 2006 M. Kianpoor Djinnati, a possession state in Baloochistan, Iran Review REVIEW Journal of Trauma Practice PSP 2006 S. Lepastier Toward a revaluation of Charcot and Richer's Great Hysteria (Grande Review REVIEW Annales Medico- Hystérie) Psychologiques PSP 2007 A. A. Silva De Brazilian psychiatrists' approaches on trance and possession phenomena C.S. OR Rev Bras Psiquiatr Almeida PSP 2007 A. Moreira- Dissociative and psychotic experiences in Brazilian spiritist mediums C.S. OR Psychother Almeida Psychosom PSP 2008 D. Lederer Believe Not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism, and Discernment in Early B.R. BOOK American Historical Modern Catholicism Review PSP 2008 E. Cohen When minds migrate: Conceptualizing spirit possession C.S. OR Journal of Cognition and Culture PSP 2008 E. Cohen What is spirit possession? Defining, comparing, and explaining two Review REVIEW Ethnos possession forms PSP 2008 J. C. Waller In a spin: the mysterious dancing epidemic of 1518 Review REVIEW Endeavour PSP 2008 L. Herbst [Sequence of a trance: psychopathological disorders following religious Review REVIEW Vertex experiences] PSP 2008 R. Prakash Possession states precipitated by nortriptyline Case OR Aust N Z J Psychiatry Report 186

PSP 2008 R. Seligman Dissociative experience and cultural neuroscience: Narrative, metaphor Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry and mechanism PSP 2008 R. Shubha Spirit possession: Professional perceptions and lay experiences Review REVIEW International Journal of Psychology PSP 2009 A. A. Investigation of the cerebral blood flow of an Omani man with supposed Case OR Journal of Medical Guenedi spirit possession associated with an altered mental state: A case report Report Case Reports PSP 2009 A. De Differential diagnosis between spiritual experiences and mental disorders Review REVIEW Rev Bras Psiquiatr Menezes of religious content PSP 2009 A. Weber Believe Not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism, and Discernment in Early B.R. BOOK Catholic Historical Modern Catholicism Review PSP 2009 T. Alberts Believe Not Every Spirit: Possession, Mysticism and Discernment in Early B.R. BOOK English Historical Modern Catholicism Review PSP 2009 S. Thakur Mental health and cognitive representations of people experiencing spirit C.S. OR Journal of the Indian possession Academy of Applied Psychology PSP 2009 M. S. Chong PO17-TU-13 Possession by malign spirits? An organic explanation for Meeting MEETING Journal of the bizarre behaviour in 2 young women Neurological Sciences PSP 2010 A. E. Epileptic seizures and spirit possession in Haitian culture: Report of four Case OR Epilepsy & Behavior Cavanna cases and review of the literature Report PSP 2010 A. Staniloiu Psychogenic amnesia – A malady of the constricted self Review REVIEW Consciousness and Cognition PSP 2010 M. Lambek How to make up one's mind: Reason, passion, and ethics in spirit Review REVIEW University of Toronto possession Quarterly PSP 2010 M. Sharma Symbols of empowerment: Possession, ritual and healers in Himachal Review REVIEW Journal of Asian and Himalaya (North India) African Studies PSP 2010 M. Van Duijl Dissociative Symptoms and Reported Trauma Among Patients with Spirit C.S. OR Cult Med Psychiatry Possession and Matched Healthy Controls in Uganda PSP 2010 V. Igreja The epidemiology of spirit possession in the aftermath of mass political Review REVIEW Soc Sci Med violence in Mozambique PSP 2010 S. Timimi Review of The devil’s children. From spirit possession to witchcraft: New B.R. BOOK British Journal of allegations that affect children Psychiatry PSP 2011 A. Moreira- Differential diagnosis between non-pathological psychotic and spiritual Review REVIEW Rev Bras Psiquiatr Almeida experiences and mental disorders: a contribution from Latin American studies to the ICD-11 PSP 2011 C. A. Ross Possession experiences in dissociative identity disorder: A preliminary C.S. OR Journal of Trauma & study Dissociation PSP 2011 E. H. During A critical review of dissociative trance and possession disorders: Review REVIEW Can J Psychiatry Etiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and nosological issues PSP 2011 H. Sidky The State Oracle of Tibet, Spirit Possession, and Shamanism Review REVIEW Numen-International Review for the History of Religions PSP 2011 J. G. Magical Flight and Monstrous Stress: Technologies of Absorption and Review REVIEW Cult Med Psychiatry Snodgrass Mental Wellness in Azeroth PSP 2011 J. Hunter Talking with the spirits: Anthropology and interpreting spirit Review REVIEW Journal of the Society communications for Psychical Research PSP 2011 K. Tajima- Practicing exorcism in schizophrenia Case OR BMJ Case Reports Pozo Report PSP 2011 T. Jans Dissociative disorders in children and adolescents: Clinical features, Review REVIEW Kindheit und assessment, and treatment Entwicklung PSP 2011 L. S. Rasooli Zar: spirit possession over the body, distress and healing Meeting MEETING Annals of Behavioral Medicine PSP 2011 D Spiegel Dissociative disorders in DSM-5 Meeting MEETING Depression and Anxiety PSP 2012 A. Moreira- Assessing clinical implications of spiritual experiences Review REVIEW Asian Journal of Almeida Psychiatry PSP 2012 C. G. Fine Cognitive Behavioral Hypnotherapy for Dissociative Disorders Review REVIEW Am J Clin Hypn PSP 2012 F. Neuner Haunted by ghosts: Prevalence, predictors and outcomes of spirit Descriptiv OR Soc Sci Med possession experiences among former child soldiers and war-affected e civilians in Northern Uganda PSP 2012 J. Wedel Involuntary mass spirit possession among the Miskitu Descriptiv OR Anthropol Med e PSP 2012 L. Berger Learning possession trance and evaluating oracles' truthfulness in jinè Review REVIEW Journal of Cognition cults of bèlèdugu Mali and Culture PSP 2012 M. Soler Costly signaling, ritual and cooperation: evidence from Candomblé, an Review REVIEW Evolution and Human Afro-Brazilian religion Behavior PSP 2012 N. D'Amore Death in Life: a Zombie Waitress and Her Boss Called "Corporate" Review REVIEW Filozofski Vestnik PSP 2012 P. F. The content-source problem in modern mediumship research Review REVIEW Journal of Cunningham Parapsychology PSP 2013 M. Van Duijl Are symptoms of spirit possessed patients covered by the DSM-IV or DSM- C.S. OR Social Psychiatry and 5 criteria for possession trance disorder? A mixed-method explorative Psychiatric study in Uganda Epidemiology PSP 2013 N. M. Djinnati syndrome: Symptoms and prevalence in rural population of C.S. OR Asian Journal of Bakhshani Baluchistan (southeast of Iran) Psychiatry PSP 2013 R. Reis Children enacting idioms of witchcraft and spirit possession as a response Descriptiv OR Transcult Psychiatry to trauma: Therapeutically beneficial, and for whom? e PSP 2013 V. P. A nosology for supernatural phenomena and the construction of the Review REVIEW Historia Ciencias Goncalves 'possessed' brain in the nineteenth century Saude-Manguinhos PSP 2014 B. Leistle From the alien to the other: Steps toward a phenomenological theory of Review REVIEW Anthropology of spirit possession Consciousness PSP 2014 Barnard, G. Exploring the unseen worlds of consciousness Review REVIEW Journal of William Consciousness Studies PSP 2014 G. W. Exploring the Unseen Worlds of Consciousness Review REVIEW Journal of 187

Barnard Consciousness Studies PSP 2014 H. Basu Listening to disembodied voices: Anthropological and psychiatric Review REVIEW Anthropol Med challenges PSP 2014 M. Jedidi Fatal exorcism: About an observation at autopsy Review REVIEW Journal de Medecine Legale Droit Medical PSP 2014 M. Van Duijl Unravelling the spirits' message: A study of help-seeking steps and C.S. OR Int J Ment Health Syst explanatory models among patients suffering from spirit possession in Uganda PSP 2014 R. M. Kinson Possession Trance, Epilepsy, and Primary Psychosis: the Challenges in Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Diagnosis and Management Comm. L Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences PSP 2014 T. M. Spirit Possession and Trance: New Interdisciplinary Perspectives Review REVIEW Numen-International Luhrmann Review for the History of Religions PSP 2014 M. Potts Review of The science of spirit possession: A 21st-century approach for B.R. BOOK Journal of the Society research and intervention within the conceptual approach of F. W. H. for Psychical Research Myers PSP 2015 E. Somer Dissociative disorders and possession experiences in Israel: A comparison C.S. OR Transcult Psychiatry of opiate use disorder patients, Arab women subjected to domestic violence, and a nonclinical group PSP 2015 G. Goslinga Fertile Disorder: Spirit Possession and Its Provocation of the Modern B.R. BOOK International Journal of Hindu Studies PSP 2015 S. Fertile disorder: spirit possession and its provocation of the modern B.R. BOOK Journal of the Royal Venkatesan Anthropological Institute PSP 2015 S. A space to "eat, trance, and sleep": the healing power of Mahanubhav Review REVIEW Mental Health, Ranganatha temples in Maharashtra (India) Religion and Culture n PSP 2015 C. J. Tully Dropping Ecstasy? Minoan Cult and the Tropes of Shamanism Review REVIEW Time & Mind-the Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture PSP 2015 T. Hecker Global mental health and trauma exposure: the current evidence for the Review REVIEW Eur J Psychotraumatol relationship between traumatic experiences and spirit possession PSP 2015 M. G. Healing through Trance: Case Study of a Kuda Kepang Performance in Meeting MEETING Procedia - Social and Nasuruddin Batu Pahat, Johor Behavioral Sciences PSP 2015 A. L. G. Spiritual Treatment for Depression in Brazil: An Experience From Case OR EXPLORE Lucchetti Spiritism Report PSP 2015 B. Peter Hypnotizability, Personality Style, and Attachment: An Exploratory Study, C.S. OR American Journal of Part 1-General Results Clinical Hypnosis PSP 2015 G. Scimeca Extrasensory perception experiences and childhood trauma: A rorschach C.S. OR Journal of Nervous investigation and Mental Disease PSP 2015 T. Stolovy Dissociation and the experience of channeling: Narratives of israeli women C.S. OR International Journal who practice channeling of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PSP 2015 T. Stolovy Dissociation: Adjustment or Distress? Dissociative Phenomena, Absorption C.S. OR Journal of Religion and Quality of Life Among Israeli Women Who Practice Channeling and Health Compared to Women with Similar Traumatic History PSP 2015 P. F. Craffert What does it mean to be possessed by a spirit or demon? Some Review REVIEW HTS Teologiese phenomenological insights from neuro-anthropological research Studies / Theological Studies PSP 2015 D. Espírito Turning Outside In: Infolded Selves in Cuban Creole Espiritismo Review REVIEW Ethos Santo PSP 2015 B. Neo-Shamans, curanderismo and scholars : Metaphysical blending in Review REVIEW Nova Religio Hendrickson contemporary Mexican American folk healing PSP 2015 M. Landry Hypnosis and Imaging of the Living Human Brain Review REVIEW American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis PSP 2015 A. Parker The jungle of hypnotic PSI: Part 2. Research on relationships between PSI Review REVIEW Journal of and hypnosis Parapsychology PSP 2015 R. J. Pekala Hypnosis as a “State of Consciousness”: How Quantifying the Mind Can Review REVIEW American Journal of Help Us Better Understand Hypnosis Clinical Hypnosis PSP 2015 K. Rowan Demonic possession and deliverance in the diaspora: phenomenological Review REVIEW Mental Health, descriptions from Pentecostal deliverees Religion and Culture PSP 2015 M. Demons, voices and virtual realities in adolescence-an exploration of Review REVIEW Journal of Analytical Rytovaara zeitgeist, culture and cultural complexes Psychology PSP 2015 A. P. Schizophrenia or Possession? A Reply to Kemal Irmak and Nuray Karanci Letters LETTERS Journal of Religion Scrutton and Health PLM 1911 J. H. Hyslop Reincarnation and Psychic Research Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1914 J. J. Putnam Dream interpretation and the theory of psychoanalysis Review REVIEW Journal of Abnormal Psychology PLM 1932 L. F. Kent Some intimations of reincarnation? Ed., EDITORIA J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Comm. L Res. PLM 1943 B. L. Atreya Supernormal factors in human personality B.R. BOOK Indian Journal of Psychology PLM 1956 F. Gabrieli The previous lives of buddha - french - foucher,a B.R. BOOK Scientia PLM 1961 I. Stevenson Methods of investigating some alleged cases of reincarnation in india Descriptiv OR Journal of e Parapsychology PLM 1962 C. T. K. Chari Paranormal cognition, survival, and reincarnation Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. 188

Res. PLM 1962 I. Stevenson A case of responsive xenoglossy suggestive of reincarnation or discarnate Case OR Journal of influence Report Parapsychology PLM 1966 I. Stevenson Cultural patterns in cases suggestive of reincarnation among the Tlingit C.S. OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Indians of southeastern Alaska Res. PLM 1966 L. E. Rhine 20 cases suggestive of reincarnation - stevenson,i B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology PLM 1967 F. Story Case of reincarnation type in ceylon Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Report Res. PLM 1967 Ehrenwal.J Stevenson,i - 20 cases suggestive of reincarnation B.R. BOOK J Nerv Ment Dis PLM 1967 R. W. Stevenson,i - 20 cases suggestive of reincarnation B.R. BOOK American Journal of Laidlaw Psychiatry PLM 1967 D. J. West Stevenson,i - 20 cases suggestive of reincarnation B.R. BOOK British Journal of Psychiatry PLM 1970 I. Stevenson Case of reincarnation type in ceylon - case of samarasinghe,d Case OR Journal of Asian and Report African Studies PLM 1970 I. Stevenson Characteristics of cases of the reincarnation type in turkey and their Review REVIEW International Journal comparison with cases in two other cultures of Comparative Sociology PLM 1972 I. Stevenson Cathars and reincarnation - guirdham,a B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1972 I. Stevenson Some new cases suggestive of reincarnation .1. Case of shah,r B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1973 G. Murphy A Caringtonian approach to Ian Stevenson's Twenty cases suggestive of Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. reincarnation Res. PLM 1973 I. Stevenson Some new cases suggestive of reincarnation .3. Case of suleyman andary Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Report Res. PLM 1973 I. Stevenson Some new cases suggestive of reincarnation .4. Case of ampan petcherat Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Report Res. PLM 1973 I. Stevenson Caringtons psychon theory as applied to cases of reincarnation type - reply Letters LETTERS J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. to gardner murphy Res. PLM 1974 I. Stevenson Some new cases suggestive of reincarnation .5. Case of indika guneratne Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Report Res. PLM 1974 I. Stevenson Some questions related to cases of reincarnation type Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1975 J. Parejko 100 Cases of reincarnation? Review REVIEW Journal of the American Institute of Hypnosis PLM 1975 J. Bieri Review of Readings in the essentials of abnormal psychology B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques PLM 1975 J. Parejko 100 Cases of reincarnation? II Ed., EDITORIA Journal of the Comm. L American Institute of Hypnosis PLM 1975 J. Hick Evil, karma, and reincarnation: NAYAK, G. C., Visva-Bharati: Centre of B.R. BOOK Religion Advanced Study in Philosophy, 1973, pp. X + 176, 34 Rupees PLM 1975 K. R. Rao Reincarnation and science - reyna,r B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology PLM 1976 J. F. Mcharg Cases of reincarnation type .1. 10 cases in india - stevenson,i B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1976 I. G. Sarason Artificial Reincarnation and Education B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques PLM 1977 I. Stevenson The belief in reincarnation and cases of the reincarnation type among the C.S. OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Haida Res. PLM 1977 I. Stevenson The explanatory value of the idea of reincarnation Review REVIEW J Nerv Ment Dis PLM 1977 S. Pasricha Three cases of the reincarnation type in India Case OR Indian Journal of Report Psychiatry PLM 1977 E. B. Brody Research in reincarnation and editorial responsibility: an editorial Ed., EDITORIA J Nerv Ment Dis Comm. L PLM 1978 A. M. Turi La teoria della reincarnazione alla luce della parapsicologia. [The Review REVIEW Rassegna Italiana di reincarnation theory in the light of parapsychology.] Ricerca Psichica PLM 1978 S. Pasricha Examination of the claims of reincarnation in a psychotic condition C.S. OR Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology PLM 1978 G. M. Sri-lanka - cases of reincarnation type - stevenson,i B.R. BOOK British Journal of Carstairs Psychiatry PLM 1978 S. R. Dean Cases of reincarnation type .2. 10 cases in srilanka - stevenson,i B.R. BOOK American Journal of Psychiatry PLM 1979 D. R. Barker What next in survival research: IV. From guesses to enumeration: Plans for C.S. OR Journal of Indian a census of reincarnation type cases in India Psychology PLM 1979 D. R. Barker Reincarnation cases in fatehabad - a systematic survey in north india C.S. OR Journal of Asian and African Studies PLM 1979 I. Stevenson What next in survival research: VI. The search for the less than perfect Descriptiv OR Journal of Indian case of the reincarnation type e Psychology PLM 1979 J. M. Reincarnation, astral bodies, and psi-components Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Wheatley Res. PLM 1979 E. B. Brody Cases of the reincarnation type, vol 2, 10 cases in sri-lanka B.R. BOOK J Nerv Ment Dis PLM 1979 D. A. Cook Reincarnation - phoenix fire mystery - east-west dialog on death and B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. rebirth - head,j, cranston,sl Res. PLM 1979 M. Pasfield Past lives therapy - netherton,m, shiffrin,n B.R. BOOK Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry PLM 1980 I. Stevenson A preliminary report on an unusual case of the reincarnation type with Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. xenoglossy Report Res. PLM 1980 L. S. Cousins Reincarnation: The phoenix fire mystery: Joseph Head and S. L. Cranston, B.R. BOOK Religion New York, Crown 1977. Xix + 620 pp. $10.00 189

PLM 1981 P. O. Ebigbo Der Glaube an Reinkarnation (das OGBA NJE-Phänomen) und seine Review REVIEW Zeitschrift für Bedeutung für die Psychotherapie in Nigeria. [The belief in reincarnation Psychosomatische (the OGBA NJE Phenomenon) and its significance for psychotherapy in Medizin und Nigeria.] Psychoanalyse PLM 1981 Cases of the reincarnation type, vol 3, 12 cases in lebanon and turkey - B.R. BOOK Psychological stevenson,i Medicine PLM 1981 A. R. G. Cases of the reincarnation type, vol 3, 12 cases in lebanon and turkey - B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Owen stevenson,i Res. PLM 1982 R. A. Baker The effect of suggestion on past-lives regression C.S. OR American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis PLM 1982 R. Turco The influence of previous life events and developmental experiences on C.S. OR Psychiatric Quarterly the resolution of grief as developed in psychotherapy PLM 1983 E. W. Cook A review and analysis of "unsolved" cases of the reincarnation type: I. Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Introduction and illustrative case reports Report Res. PLM 1983 E. W. Cook A review and analysis of unsolved cases of the reincarnation type .2. Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Comparison of features of solved and unsolved cases Res. PLM 1983 H. Cladder Drie jaar ervaringen met reïncarnatietherapie. [Three years of experience C.S. OR Tijdschrift voor with reincarnation therapy.] Psychotherapie PLM 1983 H. Cladder Three years experience with reincarnation therapy Review REVIEW Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie PLM 1983 I. Stevenson American children who claim to remember previous lives C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis PLM 1983 J. K. Sickle-cell anaemia: an explanation for the ancient myth of reincarnation Review REVIEW Lancet Onwubalili in Nigeria PLM 1983 S. J. Sickle cell anaemia and reincarnation beliefs in Nigeria Letters LETTERS Lancet Edelstein PLM 1983 J. K. Sickle cell anaemia and reincarnation beliefs in Nigeria Letters LETTERS Lancet Onwubalili PLM 1984 B. Goldberg Treating dental phobias through past life therapy. A case report Case OR Journal of the Report Maryland State Dental Association PLM 1984 J. Marriott Hypnotic regression and past lives therapy: Fantasy or reality? Review REVIEW Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis PLM 1985 I. Stevenson The belief in reincarnation among the igbo of nigeria C.S. OR Journal of Asian and African Studies PLM 1985 A. Gauld Cases of the reincarnation type, vol 4, 12 cases in thailand and burma - B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. stevenson,i Res. PLM 1985 E. Cases of the reincarnation type, vol 4 - 12 cases in thailand and burma - B.R. BOOK J Nerv Ment Dis Haraldsson stevenson,i PLM 1985 H. Nogrady Reincarnation - the claims investigated - wilson,i B.R. BOOK International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 1986 B. Ivanova Reincarnation and healing Review REVIEW PSI Research PLM 1986 F. Landers Past lives therapy: A metaphor from the subconscious Review REVIEW Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis PLM 1986 I. Stevenson Characteristics of cases of the reincarnation type among the igbo of nigeria C.S. OR Journal of Asian and African Studies PLM 1986 J. Venn Hypnosis and the reincarnation hypothesis: A critical review and intensive Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. case study Report Res. PLM 1986 C. Perry Hypnosis and reincarnation Ed., EDITORIA International Journal Comm. L of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 1986 W. H. Smith Spontaneous regression to past lives - reincarnation or displacement Ed., EDITORIA International Journal Comm. L of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 1987 S. Pasricha Indian cases of the reincarnation type two generations apart Case OR Journal of the Society Report for Psychical Research PLM 1987 S. Raymond Perinatal memories as a diagnostic psychotherapeutic tool Review REVIEW Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health PLM 1987 R. I. The search for yesterday - a critical-examination of the evidence for B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Anderson reincarnation - rogo,ds Res. PLM 1988 A. Mills A preliminary investigation of cases of reincarnation among the Beaver C.S. OR Anthropologica and Gitksan Indians PLM 1988 I. Stevenson Deception and self-deception in cases of the reincarnation type: Seven Case OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. illustrative cases in Asia Report Res. PLM 1988 I. Stevenson Three new cases of the reincarnation type in Sri Lanka with written Case OR J Nerv Ment Dis records made before verification Report PLM 1988 J. Conn Hypnosis and reincarnation experiences Review REVIEW Md Med J PLM 1988 N. K. Chadha Two correlates of violent death in cases of the reincarnation type C.S. OR Journal of the Society for Psychical Research PLM 1988 P. O. Ebigbo The problem of student involvement in the mermaid cult: A variety of Descriptiv OR Journal of African belief in reincarnation (Ogba Nje) in a Nigerian secondary school e Psychology PLM 1988 R. I. Reincarnation - a new horizon in science, religion, and society - cranston,s, B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Anderson williams,c Res. PLM 1988 P. K. Bock Children who remember previous lives - a question of reincarnation - B.R. BOOK Journal of stevenson,i Anthropological Research 190

PLM 1989 J. G. Matlock Age and stimulus in past life memory cases: A study of published cases C.S. OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1990 I. Stevenson Can children be stopped from speaking about previous lives? Some further C.S. OR Journal of the Society analyses of features in cases of the reincarnation type for Psychical Research PLM 1990 S. Pasricha Three conjectured features of reincarnation-type cases in North India: C.S. OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Responses of persons unfamiliar with actual cases Res. PLM 1990 B. Goldberg The clinical use of hypnotic regression and progression in psychotherapy Ed., EDITORIA Psychology: A Journal Comm. L of Human Behavior PLM 1990 D. A. Kendel Maintaining medical competence after reincarnation Ed., EDITORIA Canadian Family Comm. L Physician PLM 1990 R. M. Children who remember previous lives - a question of reincarnation - B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Almeder stevenson,i Res. PLM 1991 R. I. Claims of reincarnation - an empirical-study of cases in india - pasricha,s B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Anderson Res. PLM 1991 F. Asso Previous lives - french - mace,g B.R. BOOK Quinzaine Litteraire PLM 1991 R. Blin Previous lives - french - mace,g B.R. BOOK Nouvelle Revue Francaise PLM 1991 G. Bocholier Previous lives - french - mace,g B.R. BOOK Nouvelle Revue Francaise PLM 1992 E. E. Fetz Saving the baby - towards a meaningful reincarnation of single-unit data - Letters LETTERS Behavioral and Brain authors response Sciences PLM 1992 S. E. Braude Claims of reincarnation - an empirical-study of cases in india - pasricha,s B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology PLM 1992 A. Roberts Previous lives - french - mace,g B.R. BOOK World Literature Today PLM 1993 A. D. Wells Reincarnation beliefs among near-death experiencers C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies PLM 1993 I. Stevenson On novels and reincarnation memories Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1993 V. V. Akolkar On novels and reincarnation memories - response Letters LETTERS J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Res. PLM 1993 R. I. On novels and reincarnation memories B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Anderson Res. PLM 1994 A. Mills Nightmares in Western children: An alternative interpretation suggested C.S. OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. by data in three cases Res. PLM 1994 A. Mills Replication studies of cases suggestive of reincarnation by three C.S. OR J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. independent investigators Res. PLM 1994 E. F. Loftus Near-natal memories, past-life memories, and other memory myths Review REVIEW American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis PLM 1994 I. Stevenson A case of the psychotherapist's fallacy: Hypnotic regression to "previous Case OR American Journal of lives." Report Clinical Hypnosis PLM 1994 J. L. Gelb Reality revisited Review REVIEW Australasian Psychiatry PLM 1994 N. P. Spanos Past-life identities, UFO abductions, and satanic ritual abuse: The social Review REVIEW International Journal construction of memories of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 1994 P. Ramster Past lives and hypnosis C.S. OR Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis PLM 1995 E. Personality and abilities of children claiming previous-life memories C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis Haraldsson PLM 1995 Z. Knight The healing power of the unconscious: How can we understand past life Review REVIEW South African Journal experiences in psychotherapy? of Psychology PLM 1995 S. E. Clark The Psychological Pay Dirt of Space Alien Abduction Memories B.R. BOOK Psychological Bulletin PLM 1996 M. A. Feelings of past lives as expected perturbations within the neurocognitive C.S. OR Perceptual and Motor Persinger processes that generate the sense of self: Contributions from limbic lability Skills and vectorial hemisphericity PLM 1996 S. Pasricha Phobias in cases of the reincarnation type C.S. OR NIMHANS Journal PLM 1996 T. L. Consciousness and cognition beyond the body: Functionalist cognitive Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Hubbard science and the possibility of out-of-body experiences and reincarnation Res. PLM 1997 J. M. Reincarnation - How it stands, what it entails: Reflections on Paul Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Wheatley Edwards' Reincarnation Res. PLM 1997 R. Reincarnation and biology: A contribution to the etiology of birthmarks B.R. BOOK OMEGA Kastenbaum and birth defects PLM 1997 T. A. Kletz The Hazards of Life and All That: A Look at Some Accidents and Safety B.R. BOOK Process Safety and Curiosities Past and Present, John Bond. Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd Environmental (1996), ISBN: 0 7503 0360 3 Protection PLM 1998 J. M. Zen physics: The science of death, the logic of reincarnation Review REVIEW J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. Wheatley Res. PLM 1998 S. A. Does the socio-psychological hypothesis explain cases of the reincarnation C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis Schouten type? PLM 1998 S. Pasricha Children who claimed to remember previous lives with major change in Case OR Nimhans Journal religion Report PLM 1998 J. L. Geller Children's past lives: How past life memories affect your child B.R. BOOK Psychiatric Services PLM 1998 M. Levin Reincarnation and biology: A contribution to the etiology of birthmarks B.R. BOOK J. Of Amer. Soc. Psy. and birth defects Res. PLM 1998 W. G. Roll Where reincarnation and biology intersect B.R. BOOK Journal of Parapsychology PLM 1999 B. S. Barnum Healers in complementary medicine Review REVIEW Complementary Health Practice Review 191

PLM 1999 S. Robertson Do fantasy proneness and personality affect the vividness and certainty of C.S. OR Australian Journal of past-life experience reports? Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 1999 I. Stevenson Past lives of twins Letters LETTERS Lancet PLM 1999 D. B. Babies remember birth: A synopsis B.R. BOOK Journal of Prenatal & Chamberlain Perinatal Psychology & Health PLM 2000 E. Psychological characteristics of children who speak of a previous life: A C.S. OR Transcultural Haraldsson further field study in Sri Lanka Psychiatry PLM 2000 I. Stevenson Unusual play in young children who claim to remember previous lives Case OR JSE Report PLM 2000 I. Stevenson The phenomenon of claimed memories of previous lives: Possible Review REVIEW Medical Hypotheses interpretations and importance PLM 2000 J. B. Tucker A scale to measure the strength of children's claims of previous lives: C.S. OR JSE Methodology and initial findings PLM 2000 S. Pasricha Twins who claimed to remember previous lives Case OR NIMHANS Journal Report PLM 2000 L. A. Harb Sexual abuse during childhood: Liberation of trauma through past lives Meeting MEETING International Journal regressions of Psychology PLM 2000 P. G. Re: The reincarnation of an old question Letters LETTERS Fertil Steril Mcdonough PLM 2000 S. Wolf Review of Where reincarnation and biology intersect B.R. BOOK Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science PLM 2001 E. Nzewi Malevolent ogbanje: recurrent reincarnation or sickle cell disease? C.S. OR Soc Sci Med PLM 2001 G. Svensson Just-in-time: The reincarnation of past theory and practice Review REVIEW Management Decision PLM 2001 I. Stevenson Ropelike birthmarks on children who claim to remember past lives Case OR Psychological Reports Report PLM 2001 M. N. Viñar Siluetas o formas de la memoria y el olvido. [Silhouettes or forms of Review REVIEW Revista Uruguaya de remembering and forgetting.] Psicoanálisis PLM 2001 R. Social institutions and psychological explanations: Druze reincarnation as Descriptiv OR British Journal of Littlewood a therapeutic resource e Medical Psychology PLM 2001 T. Murphy The structure and function of near-death experiences: An algorithmic Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death reincarnation hypothesis Studies PLM 2001 E. Erratum: Psychological characteristics of children who speak of a previous Ed., EDITORIA Transcultural Haraldsson life: A further field study in Sri Lanka (Transcultural Psychiatry (2000) 37 Comm. L Psychiatry 4) PLM 2002 E. Development of certainty about the correct deceased person in a case of C.S. OR JSE Haraldsson the reincarnation type in Lebanon: The case of Nazih Al-Danaf PLM 2002 S. Ferracuti Rorschach measures during depth hypnosis and suggestion of a previous C.S. OR Perceptual and Motor life Skills PLM 2002 R. Almeder Children who remember previous lives: A question of reincarnation B.R. BOOK JSE PLM 2002 W. Bernet Children Who Remember Previous Lives: A Question of Reincarnation, B.R. BOOK Journal of the Revised Edition American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry PLM 2002 I. Stevenson Children who remember previous lives: A question of reincarnation, B.R. BOOK Journal of the Revised edition American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry PLM 2003 A. Mills Are children with imaginary playmates and children said to remember C.S. OR Transcultural previous lives cross-culturally comparable categories? Psychiatry PLM 2003 E. Children who speak of past-life experiences: Is there a psychological C.S. OR Psychology of Haraldsson explanation? Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice PLM 2003 M. Levin Review of Physics of the soul: The quantum book of living, dying, B.R. BOOK J Am Soc Psych Res reincarnation, and immortality PLM 2004 A. Mills Inferences from the case of Ajendra Singh Chauhan: The effect of parental Review REVIEW JSE questioning, of meeting the "previous life" family, an aborted attempt to quantify probabilities, and the impact on his life as a young adult PLM 2004 D. Lester Subself Theory and Reincarnation/Possession Review REVIEW Perceptual and Motor Skills PLM 2004 E. Three Randomly Selected Lebanese Cases of Children Who Claim C.S. OR Journal of the Society Haraldsson Memories of a Previous Life for Psychical Research PLM 2004 M. L. Howe Demystifying the beginnings of memory Review REVIEW Developmental Review PLM 2004 P. Sharma Cases of the Reincarnation Type with Memories from the Intermission Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death Between Lives Studies PLM 2004 K. D. Farcnik European cases of the reincarnation type Ed., EDITORIA Journal of Comm. L Psychosomatic Research PLM 2004 H. S. Reincarnation therapists' beliefs about the effects of their work Ed., EDITORIA International Journal Verbrugh Comm. L of Psychology PLM 2004 K. D. Farcnik Review of European Cases of the Reincarnation Type B.R. BOOK Journal of Psychosomatic Research PLM 2004 S. R. Thorp B.R.: Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology B.R. BOOK Journal of Psychosomatic Research PLM 2005 A. A. Drewes Life before life: A scientific investigation of children's memories of B.R. BOOK Journal of 192

previous lives Parapsychology PLM 2005 H. H. J. Keil Children who claim to remember previous lives: Cases with written Review REVIEW JSE records made before the previous personality was identified PLM 2005 J. R. Beliefs in karma and reincarnation among survivors of violent trauma. A C.S. OR Social Psychiatry and Davidson community survey Psychiatric Epidemiology PLM 2005 R. C. A. Perceptions, expectations, and reactions to cleft lip and palate surgery in C.S. OR Cleft Palate- Weatherley- native populations: A pilot study in rural India Craniofacial Journal White PLM 2005 S. Pasricha Some bodily malformations attributed to previous lives C.S. OR JSE PLM 2005 R. J. Cadoret Review of European Cases of the Reincarnation Type B.R. BOOK The American Journal of Psychiatry PLM 2005 A. A. Drewes Review of Life before life: A scientific investigation of children's memories B.R. BOOK Journal of of previous lives Parapsychology PLM 2005 C. R. Autobiographical memory: the past imperfect B.R. BOOK Trends in Cognitive Rosenthal Sciences PLM 2006 A. Bennett Reincarnation, sect unity, and identity among the Druze Review REVIEW Ethnology PLM 2006 A. Beyond past lives and into the soul memories between lives: Applications Review REVIEW European Journal of Tomlinson of hypnosis Clinical Hypnosis PLM 2006 E. Popular psychology, belief in life after death and reincarnation in the C.S. OR Nordisk Psykologi Haraldsson Nordic countries, Western and Eastern Europe PLM 2006 M. Dwairy The psychosocial function of reincarnation among druze in Israel Descriptiv OR Culture, Medicine and e Psychiatry PLM 2006 R. Butziger A Scientific Look at Reincarnation B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques PLM 2007 E. Ian stevenson (1918-2007) Review REVIEW Journal of Haraldsson Parapsychology PLM 2007 Edelmann, Setting criteria for ideal reincarnation research Review REVIEW Journal of Jonathan Consciousness Studies PLM 2007 J. B. Tucker Children who claim to remember previous lives: Past, present, and future Review REVIEW JSE research PLM 2007 M. J. V. The false fame illusion in people with memories about a previous life C.S. OR Consciousness and Peters Cognition PLM 2008 E. Persistence of past-life memories: Study of adults who claimed in their C.S. OR JSE Haraldsson childhood to remember a past life PLM 2008 J. B. Tucker Children's Reports of Past-Life Memories: A Review Review REVIEW EXPLORE PLM 2008 J. B. Tucker Ian Stevenson and cases of the reincarnation type Review REVIEW JSE PLM 2008 J. F. Karma, reincarnation, and medicine: Hindu perspectives on biomedical Review REVIEW Genomic Med Hutchinson research PLM 2008 L. Dossey Transplants, cellular memory, and reincarnation Review REVIEW EXPLORE PLM 2008 N. Hunt Memory and meaning: Individual and social aspects of memory narratives Review REVIEW Journal of Loss and Trauma PLM 2009 A. A. Gadit Myth of reincarnation: a challenge for mental health profession Review REVIEW J Med Ethics PLM 2009 A. Zahi Spiritual-transpersonal hypnosis Review REVIEW Contemporary Hypnosis PLM 2009 C. A. False Memory Propensity in People Reporting Recovered Memories of C.S. OR Journal of Abnormal Meyersburg Past Lives Psychology PLM 2009 J. C. Harris Bernagchen mahakala Review REVIEW Archives of General Psychiatry PLM 2009 P. Ramster Past lives and hypnosis: A research paper C.S. OR Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis PLM 2009 P. W. Schenk Family systems therapy in the fourth dimension: A theoretical model for Review REVIEW Australian Journal of therapy of the past life type Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 2009 Y. D. Pyun Experimental Production of Past-Life Memories in Hypnosis C.S. OR International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 2009 L. Duncan Editorial Ed., EDITORIA Australian Journal of Comm. L Clinical Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis PLM 2010 M. A. Cook Ruminations on life beyond death B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques PLM 2010 A. Parra Correlational examination between paranormal/ anomalous experiences, C.S. OR Revista dissociation, absorption and fantasy proneness: Survey on a Iberoamericana de undergraduate student sample Diagnostico y Evaluacion Psicologica PLM 2010 D. A. Gallo False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion Review REVIEW Memory and Cognition PLM 2010 J. C. Gibbs Near-death experiences, deathbed visions, and past-life memories: A Review REVIEW Journal of Near-Death convergence in support of van Lommel's Consciousness beyond life Studies PLM 2010 J. Keil A case of the reincarnation type in Turkey suggesting strong paranormal Case OR JSE information involvements Report PLM 2010 J. Keil Questions of the reincarnation type Review REVIEW JSE PLM 2010 V. M. Visoni How to improve the study and documentation of cases of the Review REVIEW JSE reincarnation type? A reappraisal of the case of Kemal Atasoy PLM 2010 J. Romney Uncle boonmee who can recall his past lives Ed., EDITORIA Sight and Sound Comm. L PLM 2010 H. H. J. Keil Response to how to improve the study and documentation of cases of the Letters LETTERS JSE reincarnation type? A reappraisal of the case of Kemal Atasoy PLM 2011 C. A. Reduced death distress and greater meaning in life among individuals C.S. OR Personality and 193

Meyersburg reporting past life memory Individual Differences PLM 2011 E. Somer Beliefs in reincarnation and the power of fate and their association with C.S. OR Journal of Loss and emotional outcomes among bereaved parents of fallen soldiers Trauma PLM 2011 S. Pasricha Do attitudes of families concerned influence features of children who claim C.S. OR Indian Journal of to remember previous lives? Psychiatry PLM 2011 S. Pasricha Relevance of para-psychology in psychiatric practice Review REVIEW Indian Journal of Psychiatry PLM 2011 M. Nahm Thoughts about thought bundles: A commentary on jürgen Keil's paper Ed., EDITORIA JSE "questions of the reincarnation type" Comm. L PLM 2011 J. Keil Reply to the Nahm and Hassler commentary on Jürgen Keil's paper Letters LETTERS JSE "questions of the reincarnation type" PLM 2011 P. D. Review of Clinical & meditative hypnotherapy: A spiritual and quantum B.R. BOOK American Journal of Shenefelt approach Clinical Hypnosis PLM 2012 E. Persistence of "Past-Life" Memories in Adults Who, in Their Childhood, C.S. OR J Nerv Ment Dis Haraldsson Claimed Memories of a Past Life PLM 2012 I. E. Memories in photography and rebirth: Toward a psychosocial therapy of Review REVIEW Journal of Black Ukpokolo the metaphysics of reincarnation among traditional Esan people of Studies Southern Nigeria PLM 2012 J. F. Peres Should psychotherapy consider reincarnation? Review REVIEW J Nerv Ment Dis PLM 2012 R. J. Mcnally Explaining "memories" of space alien abduction and past lives: An Review REVIEW Journal of experimental psychopathology approach Experimental Psychopathology PLM 2012 S. Slavoutski Is the reincarnation hypothesis advanced by Stevenson for spontaneous Review REVIEW International Journal past-life experiences relevant for the understanding of the ontology of of Transpersonal past-life phenomena? Studies PLM 2012 V. K. Hui Do reincarnation beliefs protect older adult Chinese Buddhists against C.S. OR Death Studies personal death anxiety? PLM 2012 S. Swain Responding to "Forgotten Australians": historians and the legacy of out-of- Letters LETTERS Journal of Australian home "care" Studies PLM 2012 A. J. Gray Review of In case of spiritual emergency: Moving successfully through B.R. BOOK The Psychiatrist your awakening PLM 2013 A. K. Nagaraj The mystery of reincarnation Review REVIEW Indian Journal of Psychiatry PLM 2013 D. Hassler A new European case of the reincarnation type Case OR Journal of the Society Report for Psychical Research PLM 2013 G. Lucchetti Rare Medical Conditions and Suggestive Past-Life Memories: A Case Case OR EXPLORE Report and Literature Review Report PLM 2013 J. C. Harris Lives of the Buddha: Vessantara the charitable prince: Thai school Review REVIEW JAMA Psychiatry PLM 2013 M. L. The experience of child soldiers. Psychic evolution and identity Review REVIEW Psychiatrie De L Daxhelet transformations Enfant PLM 2013 O. Masayuki A case of a Japanese child with past-life memories Case OR JSE Report PLM 2013 S. H. Carson The truth is out there B.R. BOOK Psyccritiques PLM 2013 V. M. Neppe Review of Exploring frontiers of the mind-brain relationship B.R. BOOK J Parapsychol PLM 2013 J. Wade Review of Awakening past lives: A step-by-step guide to self-exploration B.R. BOOK Journal of Transpersonal Psychology PLM 2013 Z. Weaver Review of The big book of reincarnation: Examining the evidence that we B.R. BOOK Journal of the Society have all lived before for Psychical Research PLM 2014 C. A. Creative histories: Memories of past lives and measures of creativity C.S. OR Psychology of Meyersburg Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice PLM 2014 E. Memories of a previous life? C.S. OR Revista De Psiquiatria Haraldsson Clinica PLM 2014 J. B. Tucker Psychological evaluation of American children who report memories of Review REVIEW JSE previous lives PLM 2014 O. Masayuki Facial features of Burmese with past-life memories as Japanese soldiers Review REVIEW JSE PLM 2014 O. Masayuki Children with life-between-life memories Review REVIEW JSE PLM 2014 J. Klasios Evolutionary psychology and design reincarnation: A reply to Peters Letters LETTERS Theory & Psychology PLM 2014 D. Lukoff Review of Exploring frontiers of the mind-body relationship B.R. BOOK The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology PLM 2014 Y. Rabaia Review of Not who we are B.R. BOOK Intervention PLM 2015 G. Mark The holographic principle theory of mind - Revised Review REVIEW Dynamical Psychology PLM 2015 L. Dossey Birthmarks and Reincarnation Review REVIEW EXPLORE PLM 2015 L. Patihis False Memories in Therapy and Hypnosis Before 1980 Review REVIEW Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice PLM 2015 Y. D. Pyun Creating Past-Life Identity in Hypnotic Regression C.S. OR International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis PLM 2015 E. Bonilla Evidence that suggest the reality of reincarnation Review REVIEW Investigacion Clinica PLM 2015 L. Patihis False memories in therapy and hypnosis before 1980 Review REVIEW Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice PLM 2015 C. White Establishing personal identity in reincarnation: Minds and bodies Review REVIEW Journal of Cognition reconsidered and Culture PLM 2015 A. Barua Revisiting the rationality of reincarnation talk C.S. OR International Journal 194

of Philosophy and Theology PLM 2015 E. Wardle Memories of the holocaust and questions of past lives C.S. OR African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa) PLM 2015 C. White Establishing Personal Identity in Reincarnation: Minds and Bodies C.S. OR Journal of Cognition Reconsidered and Culture PLM 2015 G. Mark The holographic principle theory of mind - Revised Review REVIEW Dynamical Psychology PLM 2015 S. Prigent These children who remember their previous lives: Convoking the Review REVIEW Homme (France) deceased and forming ties of partnership in Thnaot Chum (Cambodia) ELE 1972 W. F. Repeated hallucinatory experiences as a part of the mourning process Review REVIEW Psychiatry: Journal Matchett among Hopi Indian women for the Study of Interpersonal Processes ELE 1977 K. Osis Deathbed observations by physicians and nurses: A cross-cultural survey C.S. OR Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research ELE 1979 K. Osis What next in survival research: III. 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Ethier Death-related sensory experiences Review REVIEW J Pediatr Oncol Nurs ELE 2006 S. Brayne Deathbed phenomena and their effect on a palliative care team: A pilot C.S. OR American Journal of study Hospice & Palliative Medicine ELE 2006 L. S. Betty Are they hallucinations or are they real? The spirituality of deathbed and Review REVIEW OMEGA near-death visions ELE 2006 J. Greenberg Souls do not live by cognitive inclinations alone, but by the desire to exist Editorial EDITORIA Behavioral and Brain beyond death as well L Sciences ELE 2007 P. Fenwick End of life experiences and their implications for palliative care C.S. OR International Journal of Environmental Studies ELE 2008 D. Arcangel Placement of apparitions C.S. OR Journal of Near-Death Studies ELE 2008 S. Brayne The case for training to deal with end-of-life experiences C.S. OR European Journal of Palliative Care ELE 2008 S. Brayne End-of-life experiences and the dying process in a Gloucestershire nursing C.S. 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ELE 2013 M. Lawrence The Incidence of Deathbed Communications and Their Impact on the C.S. OR American Journal of Dying Process Hospice & Palliative Medicine ELE 2013 M. Nahm The death of Anna Katharina Ehmer: a case study in terminal lucidity Case OR Omega (Westport) Report ELE 2013 G. E. Berrios Sobre edmund gurney. [about edmund gurney.] Review REVIEW Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental ELE 2013 M. S. The end-of-life experiences of 9/11 civilians: death and dying in the world Review REVIEW OMEGA Rosenthal trade center ELE 2014 P. Grant The significance of end-of-life dreams and visions C.S. OR Nursing Times ELE 2014 C. W. Kerr End-of-Life Dreams and Visions: A Longitudinal Study of Hospice Patients' Prospecti OR Journal of Palliative Experiences ve Medicine ELE 2014 A. Murdie Case note: The spontaneous hallucination of a recognised person Case OR Journal of the Society coincident with death Report for Psychical Research ELE 2014 C. S. 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OR American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine ELE 2015 K. St John Meaningful and relaxing experiences at end of life Editorial EDITORIA Journal of Dementia L Care SD 2011 G. E. Photonic measurement of apparent presence of spirit using a computer Transvers OR EXPLORE Schwartz automated system al MBR 2012 R. C. Martin- Does dualistic conception of mind-brain relationship resist to Review REVIEW Revue Medicale Du Pan neurosciences? Biopsychological diagnosis and treatments of depression Suisse MBR 2012 N. S. Da Five reasons to read Exploring frontiers of the mind-brain relationship B.R. BOOK Revista De Psiquiatria Rocha Clinica MBR 2012 N. S. D. Exploring frontiers of the mind-brain relationship B.R. BOOK Revista De Psiquiatria Rocha Clinica MBR 2012 V. Sierpina Exploring Frontiers of the Mind−Brain Relationship, Alexander Moreira- B.R. BOOK EXPLORE Almeida, Franklin Santana Santos. Springer (2012) MBR 2012 C. G. Jensen Entangled in the womb? 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