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International Astrobiology Workshop 2013 The 6th Japan Astrobiology Network Annual Meeting as http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/labam/jabn6 Co-Sponsored by: November 28-30, 2013 JAXA/ISAS, Sagamihara, JAPAN Image Credits: JAXA/ISAS, NASA, ALMA, JAMSTEC, A. Ikeshita International Astrobiology Workshop 2013 November 28–30, 2013 • Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Sponsors Japan Astrobiology Network (JABN) Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA/ISAS) Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology (ELSI/Tokyo Tech) Astrobiology Division, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes for Natural Sciences (NINS/CNSI) Sagamihara City Museum Scientific Organizing Committee Masaki Fujimoto (JAXA/ISAS) Hidenori Genda (ELSI/Tokyo Tech) Daiki Horikawa (Universite Paris Descartes) Shigeru Ida (ELSI/Tokyo Tech) Motoo Ito (JAMSTEC) Daisuke Kiga (ELSI/Tokyo Tech) Kensei Kobayashi (Yokohama National University) Hitoshi Kuninaka (JAXA/JSPEC) Yutestu Kuruma (ELSI/Tokyo Tech) Takano Nakagawa (JAXA/ISAS) Masatoshi Ohishi (NAOJ) Yasuhito Sekine (University of Tokyo) Ken Takai (JAMSTEC) Yoshinori Takano (JAMSTEC) Motohide Tamura (University of Tokyo) Yuichiro Ueno (ELSI/Tokyo Tech) Hikaru Yabuta (Osaka University) Hajime Yano (JAXA/ISAS) Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 1766 Compiled in 2013 by Meeting and Publication Services Lunar and Planetary Institute USRA Houston 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston TX 77058-1113 This material is based upon work supported by NASA under Award No. NNX08AC28A. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2013) Title of abstract. In International Astrobiology Workshop 2013, p. XX. LPI Contribution No. 1766, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. ISSN No. 0161-5297 Preface This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the International Astrobiology Workshop 2013, November 28–30, 2013, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Administration and publications support for this meeting were provided by the staff of the Meeting and Publication Services Department at the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Technical Guide to Sessions Thursday, November 28, 2013 9:00 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Welcome and Introduction 9:30 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Meteoritics and Cosmochemistry 12:00 p.m. ISAS Main Building 1F “Bidding Room” Lunch and Poster Viewing (Nyusatsu-Shitsu) 1:30 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Special Lectures I 2:30 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Early Earth, Geochemistry, and Planetary Environment 4:30 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Group Photo 5:00 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Molecular Clouds and Planetary Formation Regions Friday, November 29, 2013 9:00 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Webcast Presentation I 9:30 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Solar System Exploration and Experiments (Science, Mission Designs, Instruments, and Enabling Technology) 12:00 p.m. ISAS Main Building 1F “Bidding Room” Lunch and Poster Viewing (Nyusatsu-Shitsu) 1:30 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Special Lectures II 2:30 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Exoplanetary Systems and Exoplanets (Theories, Models, and Observations) 5:00 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Group Photo 5:30 p.m. ISAS Main Building 1F “Bidding Room” Poster Session (Nyusatsu-Shitsu) Saturday, November 30, 2013 9:00 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Webcast Presentation II 9:30 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Panel Discussion: “Astrobiology vs. Space Experiments and Exploration” 11:15 a.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Life in Extreme Environments I 12:00 p.m. ISAS Main Building 1F “Bidding Room” Lunch and Poster Viewing (Nyusatsu-Shitsu) 2:00 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Life in Extreme Environments II 2:50 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Group Photo 3:20 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall RNA and Molecular Biology 5:50 p.m. ISAS Main Building 2F Conference Hall Findings and Closing Remarks Contents Program ................................................................................................................................................................. xi Experimentally Testing the Hypothesis of a Limited Amino Acid Repertoire in Primitive Proteins S. Akanuma, Y. Nakajima, S. Yokobori, and A. Yamagishi....................................................................... 1 Simplification of the Genetic Code: Restricted Diversity of Genetically Encoded Amino Acids K. Amikura, A. Kawahara-Kobayashi, and D. Kiga ................................................................................ 3 RNA and the Nature of the Last Common Ancestor A. Becerra, S. Islas, R. Hernandez-Morales, and A. Lazcano .................................................................. 4 Complex Organic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium in the Era of ALMA A. Belloche ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Bioimaging by X-Ray Laser Diffraction at SACLA Y. Bessho .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Studies of Exoplanets with SPICA K. Enya ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 Toward Characterization of Exoplanetary Surface Environment Y. Fujii ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Formation and Early Evolution of Atmosphere and Ocean on the Earth H. Genda, K. Hamano, and Y. Abe ........................................................................................................... 9 Interaction of the Sleeping Chironomid with Microorganisms: “Uchi-Soto” in the World of Anhydrobiosis O. Gusev, E. Shagimardanova, T. Bosch, T. Okuda, and T. Kikawada .................................................. 10 Interplanetary Migration of Eucaryotic Cell, Spore of Schizosaccharomyces Pombe N. Hayashi, J. Nosaka, R. Ando, H. Hashimoto, S. Yokobori, I. Narumi, K. Nakagawa, A. Yamagishi, and H. Tohda ........................................................................................... 11 Perspectives of ELSI Projects: The Origin of the Earth and the Origin of Life K. Hirose ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Astrobiological Research on Tardigrades: Implications for Extraterrestrial Life Forms D. D. Horikawa ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Astrobiology Research on Board of the International Space Station as part of the European Space Exploration Initiative G. Horneck ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Global Census of Microbial Life in Marine Subsurface Sediments T. Hoshino, M. Tsutsumi, Y. Morono, and F. Inagaki ............................................................................ 15 Why Life? Origins of Life Elsewhere in the Universe P. Hut ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 Darwinian Evolution in a Translation-Coupled RNA Replication System Within a Cell-Like Compartment N. Ichihashi, K. Usui, and T. Yomo ........................................................................................................ 17 Limits of Life in the Deep Subseafloor Biosphere: New Insights from IODP Expedition 337 F. Inagaki, K.-U. Hinrichs, Y. Kubo, and IODP Expedition 337 Scientists ........................................... 18 AKARI Observations of Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons D. Ishihara, H. Kaneda, S. Oyabu, T. Kondo, M. Yamagishi, and A. Yasuda ........................................ 19 Ultra High Spatial Resolution Ion Imaging with a NanoSIMS Ion Microprobe: Applications to Astrobiology M. Ito ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 Metamorphosed Clasts in the CV Carbonaceous Chondrite Breccias Mokoia and Yamato 86009: Evidence for Strong Thermal Metamorphism on the CV Parent Asteroid K. Jogo, A. N. Krot, and K. Nagashima ................................................................................................. 21 Exploration of Jovian System by ESA-JUICE-Mission:
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