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Bayesian Analysis of the Astrobiological Implications of Life's
Bayesian analysis of the astrobiological implications of life's early emergence on Earth David S. Spiegel ∗ y, Edwin L. Turner y z ∗Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540,yDept. of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, and zInstitute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa 227-8568, Japan Submitted to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Life arose on Earth sometime in the first few hundred million years Any inferences about the probability of life arising (given after the young planet had cooled to the point that it could support the conditions present on the early Earth) must be informed water-based organisms on its surface. The early emergence of life by how long it took for the first living creatures to evolve. By on Earth has been taken as evidence that the probability of abiogen- definition, improbable events generally happen infrequently. esis is high, if starting from young-Earth-like conditions. We revisit It follows that the duration between events provides a metric this argument quantitatively in a Bayesian statistical framework. By (however imperfect) of the probability or rate of the events. constructing a simple model of the probability of abiogenesis, we calculate a Bayesian estimate of its posterior probability, given the The time-span between when Earth achieved pre-biotic condi- data that life emerged fairly early in Earth's history and that, billions tions suitable for abiogenesis plus generally habitable climatic of years later, curious creatures noted this fact and considered its conditions [5, 6, 7] and when life first arose, therefore, seems implications. -
51. Astrobiology: the Final Frontier of Science Education
www.astrosociety.org/uitc No. 51 - Summer 2000 © 2000, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112. Astrobiology: The Final Frontier of Science Education by Jodi Asbell-Clarke and Jeff Lockwood What (or Whom) Are We Looking For? Where Do We Look? Lessons from Our Past The Search Is On What Does the Public Have to Learn from All This? A High School Curriculum in Astrobiology Astrobiology seems to be all the buzz these days. It was the focus of the ASP science symposium this summer; the University of Washington is offering it as a new Ph.D. program, and TERC (Technical Education Research Center) is developing a high school integrated science course based on it. So what is astrobiology? The NASA Astrobiology Institute defines this new discipline as the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and destiny of life in the Universe. What this means for scientists is finding the means to blend research fields such as microbiology, geoscience, and astrophysics to collectively answer the largest looming questions of humankind. What it means for educators is an engaging and exciting discipline that is ripe for an integrated approach to science education. Virtually every topic that one deals with in high school science is embedded in astrobiology. What (or Whom) Are We Looking For? Movies and television shows such as Contact and Star Trek have teased viewers with the idea of life on other planets and even in other galaxies. Illustration courtesy of and © 2000 by These fictional accounts almost always deal with intelligent beings that have Kathleen L. -
Editorial Board Member Dr. Akos Kereszturi Journal of Astrobiology
Journal of Astrobiology and Outreach Dr. Akos Kereszturi Editorial Board member Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary Dr. Akos Kereszturi Biography Akos Kereszturi has PhD in geology and working on planetary surface processes and astrobiology, focusing on the analysis of Mars, Europa and analog locations on the Earth. He also works for ESA under the Mars Express project and for NASA Astrobiology Institute in the TDE focus group. Beside research he teaches astrobiology and planetary science at two Hungarian universities, working on to use astrobiology as an interdisciplinary link between natural sciences. As the vice president of the Hungarian Astronomical Association and the national coordinator of the European Association for Astronomy Education he works on the popularization of astronomy and astrobiology, organizing lectures and public demonstrations. As a part time journalist he writes papers for printed journals and online websites Research Interests Ancient wet locations on Mars (morphology, spectral data), possible occurrence of liquid (interfacial) water and brine on Mars today, survival of cyanobacteria in cryptobiotic crust at simulated Mars surface conditions, Mars analog terrains and the survival strategy of extreme organisms there, surface tectonics and possibility of subsurface water migration toward the surface on the satellite Europa, educational methods both for secondary students and at university level, connecting research in astrobiology (related missions) with university courses, Recent Publications 1. How to Size an Exoplanet? A Model Approach for Visualization, Akos Kereszturi, Research Article: Astrobiol Outreach 2013, 1:1 2. Review of Wet Environment Types on Mars with Focus on Duration and Volumetric Issues, Akos Kereszturi. -
Is It the First Use of the Word Astrobiology ? Author
Title : Is it the first use of the word Astrobiology ? Author : Danielle Briot Adress : Observatoire de Paris 61 avenue de l’Observatoire 75014 Paris France tel : 33(0)1 40 51 22 39 and 33(0)1 45 07 78 57 [email protected] running title : First use of the word Astrobiology ? 1 Abstract The research of life in Universe is a ancient quest that has taken different forms over the centuries. It has given rise to a new science, which is normally referred as Astrobiology. It is interesting to research when this word was used for the first time and when this science developed to represent the search for life in Universe as is done today. There are records of the usage of the word "Astrobiology" as early as 1935, in an article published in a French popular science magazine. Moreover this article is quite remarkable because its portrayal of the concept of the subject is very similar to that considered today. The author of this paper was Ary J. Sternfeld (1905 - 1980), who was ortherwise known as a poorly respected great pioneer of astronautics. We provide a brief description of his life, which was heavily influenced by the tragic events of the 20th century history, from Poland and France to Russia. He was a prolific scientific writer who wrote a number of very successful scientific books and papers. Keywords : History – Pioneers 2 1. Introduction The question of the life in the Universe, in relation with the question of the multiplicity of worlds, is very ancient and probably dates back to Greek philosophers. -
Evolutionary Processes Transpiring in the Stages of Lithopanspermia Ian Von Hegner
Evolutionary processes transpiring in the stages of lithopanspermia Ian von Hegner To cite this version: Ian von Hegner. Evolutionary processes transpiring in the stages of lithopanspermia. 2020. hal- 02548882v2 HAL Id: hal-02548882 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02548882v2 Preprint submitted on 5 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. HAL archives-ouvertes.fr | CCSD, April 2020. Evolutionary processes transpiring in the stages of lithopanspermia Ian von Hegner Aarhus University Abstract Lithopanspermia is a theory proposing a natural exchange of organisms between solar system bodies as a result of asteroidal or cometary impactors. Research has examined not only the physics of the stages themselves but also the survival probabilities for life in each stage. However, although life is the primary factor of interest in lithopanspermia, this life is mainly treated as a passive cargo. Life, however, does not merely passively receive an onslaught of stress from surroundings; instead, it reacts. Thus, planetary ejection, interplanetary transport, and planetary entry are only the first three factors in the equation. The other factors are the quality, quantity, and evolutionary strategy of the transported organisms. -
Web of Science® Social Sciences Citation Index® 2012 March Web of Science® - Social Sciences Citation Index Source Publications
REUTERS/Claro Cortez IV SOURCE PUBLICATION LIST FOR WEB OF SCIENCE® SOCIAL SCIENCES CITATION INDEX® 2012 MARCH WEB OF SCIENCE® - SOCIAL SCIENCES CITATION INDEX SOURCE PUBLICATIONS TITLE ISSN E-ISSN COUNTRY PUBLISHER Abacus-A Journal of Accounting Finance and Business 0001-3072 1467-6281 AUSTRALIA WILEY-BLACKWELL Studies CONSEJO LATINOAMERICANO ESCUELAS ADM- Academia-Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion 1012-8255 COLOMBIA CLADEA ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 1042-9670 UNITED STATES AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC Academy of Management Annals 1941-6520 1941-6067 UNITED STATES ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 0001-4273 UNITED STATES ACAD MANAGEMENT Academy of Management Learning & Education 1537-260X UNITED STATES ACAD MANAGEMENT Academy of Management Perspectives 1558-9080 UNITED STATES ACAD MANAGEMENT ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW 0363-7425 UNITED STATES ACAD MANAGEMENT ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 0001-4575 1879-2057 ENGLAND PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS RESEARCH 0001-4788 2159-4260 ENGLAND ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD Accounting and Finance 0810-5391 1467-629X AUSTRALIA WILEY-BLACKWELL Accounting Horizons 0888-7993 1558-7975 UNITED STATES AMER ACCOUNTING ASSOC ACCOUNTING ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETY 0361-3682 ENGLAND PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD ACCOUNTING REVIEW 0001-4826 UNITED STATES AMER ACCOUNTING ASSOC Across Languages and Cultures 1585-1923 1588-2519 HUNGARY AKADEMIAI KIADO RT UNIV CHILE, CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO Acta Bioethica 0717-5906 1726-569X CHILE ESTUDIOS -
One-Fits-All Pretreatment Protocol Facilitating Fluorescence in Situ
Richardson et al. Molecular Cytogenetics (2019) 12:27 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13039-019-0442-4 METHODOLOGY Open Access One-fits-all pretreatment protocol facilitating Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded, fresh frozen and cytological slides Shivanand O. Richardson1* , Manon M. H. Huibers1,2, Roel A. de Weger1,3, Wendy W. J. de Leng1, John W. J. Hinrichs1, Ruud W. J. Meijers1, Stefan M. Willems1 and Ton L. M. G. Peeters1 Abstract Background: The Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) technique is a very useful tool for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in molecular pathology. However, clinical testing on patient tissue is challenging due to variables of tissue processing that can influence the quality of the results. This emphasizes the necessity of a standardized FISH protocol with a high hybridization efficiency. We present a pretreatment protocol that is easy, reproducible, cost-effective, and facilitates FISH on all types of patient material simultaneously with good quality results. During validation, FISH analysis was performed simultaneously on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded, fresh frozen and cytological patient material in combination with commercial probes using our optimized one-fits-all pretreatment protocol. An optimally processed sample is characterized by strong specific signals, intact nuclear membranes, non- disturbing autofluorescence and a homogeneous DAPI staining. Results: In our retrospective cohort of 3881 patient samples, overall 93% of the FISH samples displayed good quality results leading to a patient diagnosis. All FISH were assessed on quality aspects such as adequacy and consistency of signal strength (brightness), lack of background and / or cross-hybridization signals, and additionally the presence of appropriate control signals were evaluated to assure probe accuracy. -
Astrobiology Life in the Universe
Astrobiology Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. In simplest terms, it is the study of life in the universe–both on Earth and off it. It combines the search for habitable environments in the Solar System and beyond with research into the evolution and adaptability of life here on Earth. By knitting together research in astrophysics, earth science, and heliophysics as well as planetary science, astrobiology seeks to answer fundamental scientific questions about life: how it begins and evolves; what biological, planetary, and cosmic conditions must exist in order for it to take hold; and whether there is/was/can be life elsewhere in the galaxy. Dr. Alka Misra Assistant Professor Department of Mathematics & Astronomy University of Lucknow What is Astrobiology! Astrobiology is the study of life in the Universe – where it is, how it came to be there, what it is like, and where it might be going. As the only life we know about for sure is on Earth, a lot of astrobiology is about trying to predict where we might find life elsewhere. Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. This interdisciplinary field encompasses the search for habitable environments in our Solar System and habitable planets outside our Solar System, the search for evidence of prebiotic chemistry, laboratory and field research into the origins and early evolution of life on Earth, and studies of the potential for life to adapt to challenges on Earth and in outer space. -
Appendix: Internet Links for Interphase Molecular Cytogeneticists
Appendix: Internet Links for Interphase Molecular Cytogeneticists Abstract In the fi nal chapter, “Appendix,” we have provided a list of Internet sites that are highly useful for those working in the fi eld of interphase molecular cytoge- netics. The collection includes sites dedicated to cytogenetics (molecular cytogenet- ics), clinical aspects of diseases studied by molecular cytogenetic techniques, retrieving scientifi c (biomedical) literature, and bioinformatic analysis (including resources allowing gene prioritization and pathway analysis, genome browsers, and analyzing tools). The inclusion was performed according to our own experience and reported relevance to genome and chromosome research based on data acquired during molecular cytogenetic analyses. It is clearly impossible to list all the links that are of importance for a scientist whose activity is related to studying genome (chromosome) structure and behavior in interphase. In this instance, we encourage the readers to follow the links provided by the listed resources. Introduction To list Internet sites relevant to the fi eld of interphase molecular cytogenetics, we preferred to subdivide the list according to the main modes of application. We also provide references to papers describing the resource (if applicable) and to journals that are publishing papers dedicated to interphase chromosome analyses. However, one has to keep in mind that the provided sites are not all specifi cally dedicated to interphase cytogenetics. On the other hand, these are almost indispensable to be addressed when a study of genome (chromosome) structure and behavior in inter- phase at a high technological level is performed. A brief example of the use of in silico (bioinformatic) methods in a study almost completely dedicated to interphase chromosome behavior and variations and its relevance to more general biological processes can be found in Iourov et al. -
The 2020 Oxford Journals Collection
The 2020 Oxford Journals Collection 357 high-quality journals Access to content back to 1996 academic.oup.com/journals/collection Medicine | Life Sciences | Humanities | Social Sciences Mathematics & Physical Sciences | Law 2 | OXFORD JOURNALS The 2020 Oxford Journals Collection published in Over partnership with many of the world’s most 70% influential scholarly and professional societies 357 high-quality SOCIAL journals SCIENCES HUMANITIES 6 LIFE subject SCIENCES collections MEDICINE MATHEMATICS & PHYSICAL SCIENCES LAW @OUPLibraries For further information visit: COLLECTION 2020 | 3 Nobel Prize winning journals authors in all 7 subject ranked #1 collections Over in at least one 6 category 200 MILLION DOWNLOADS in 2018 Joining in 2020… journals 7 Over Over 75% 70% of these are in the of journals have top 50% of at least an Impact Factor one category Impact Factor and Ranking Source: 2018 Journal Impact Factor, Journal Citation Reports (Web of Science Group, 2019) academic.oup.com/journals/collection @OUPLibraries 4 | OXFORD JOURNALS Rankings in Best JCR Subject Category Grand Total Mathematics & Physical Sciences Law Life Sciences Humanities Top 10% 10% to 25% Social Sciences 25% to 50% Bottom 50% Medicine No JCR Entry 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Impact Factor and Ranking Source: 2018 Journal Impact Factor, Journal Citation Reports (Web of Science Group, 2019) Cost per Citation ($) GRAND Food Health Agriculture Astronomy Biology Botany Chemistry Geography Geology Physics Zoology TOTAL Science Sciences OUP 0.15 0.12 0.09 -
Print Special Issue Flyer
IMPACT FACTOR 2.752 an Open Access Journal by MDPI Cytogenetics of Domestic Animals: Clinical, Molecular and Evolutionary Aspects Guest Editors: Message from the Guest Editors Dr. Leopoldo Iannuzzi Aer the discovery of 1;29 Robertsonian translocation in National Research Council (CNR) the Swedish red cattle and the demonstration of its of Italy, Institute of Animal Production System in deleterious effects on fertility, the cytogenetics applied to Mediterranean Environment domestic animals was applied by several scientific (ISPAAM), Piazzale Enrico Fermi laboratories in all the world. Scientists have been focused 1, 80055 –Portici (NA), Italy to the following sectors: clinical cytogenetics leopoldo.iannuzzi@ ispaam.cnr.it (relationships between chromosome abnormalities and fertility) ; evolutionary cytogenetics (chromosome Dr. Pietro Parma Department of Agricultural and banding homologies and gene order between related and Environmental Sciences - unrelated species) ; molecular cytogenetics (use of Production, Landscape, molecular markers and the FISH-technique to extend the Agroenergy, Milan University, Via genetic physical maps, to characterize chromosome Celoria, 2 - 20133 Milan, Italy abnormalities and the chromosome evolution of species); [email protected] environmental cytogenetics (use of chromosome or molecular test to establish possible damages to the DNA derived by exposure to mutagens in the environment). In Deadline for manuscript the special issue, paper-review and original contributions submissions: will be published to sum up the knowledge and update the 31 October 2021 important questions and problems related to the domestic animal cytogenetics, giving attention to the clinical cytogenetics which is under the screen of both breeders and scientists for the animal breeding improvement. mdpi.com/si/59573 SpeciaIslsue IMPACT FACTOR 2.752 an Open Access Journal by MDPI Editor-in-Chief Message from the Editor-in-Chief Prof. -
Molecular Cytogenetics: Rosetta Stone for Understanding Cancer—Twenty-Ninth G
(CANCER RESEARCH 50, 3816-3825, July 1, 1990] Special Lecture Molecular Cytogenetics: Rosetta Stone for Understanding Cancer—Twenty-ninth G. H. A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture1 Janet D. Rowley University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 This article provides me with an occasion to review our of the viral oncogenes (5). In a sense, each group of investigators progress in a central area of cancer research, namely the genetic gave the other scientific validity. The fact that oncogenes were changes that occur within the cancer cell that are critically directly involved in chromosome translocations demonstrated involved in the transformation of a normal to a malignant cell. that both translocations and oncogenes were critically involved I think it is especially appropriate that three named awards in human cancer. The correlation of the chromosome location (Clowes, Rosenthal, and Rhoads) presented at the 1989 annual of human protooncogenes as well as other cancer related genes meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research went with recurring chromosome rearrangements is shown in Fig. 1. to investigators who have made contributions to our under Cytogeneticists thus progressed from being mere "stamp collec standing of the genetic changes in cancer cells. Clearly, to tors" to being major contributors in cancer research, an im concentrate on genes to the exclusion of cell biology would be provement in status that I welcome. too narrow and short-sighted an approach. Nonetheless, I am The genetic changes that occur in different types of malignant convinced that until we have isolated the genes that are centrally cells are quite varied and clearly several different changes occur involved in at least some of the malignant processes in different in the same cell as it is altered from a normal to a fully cell types, we will be unable to answer the fundamental ques malignant cell.