Caporicci, M (2000) Future Launcher Perspectives at the European Space Agency-ESA. Air & Space Europe, Vol. 2, No.2 Oberth, H (1923) Die Rakete zu den Planetenriiumen. Miinchen: Oldenbourg Sutton, GP, Biblarz, a (2001) Rocket Propulsion Elements. New York: Wiley Turner, MJL (2000) Rocket and Spacecraft Propulsion: Principles, Practise and New Developments. Springer

Launch Assist Technologies

Toro, PGP, Myrabo, LN, Nagamatsu, HT (1998) Pressure Investigation of the Hypersonic "Directed-Energy Air Spike" Inlet at Mach Number 10 with Arc Power up to 70 kW. AIAA Paper 98-0991 Unmeel, BM (2001) MHD Energy Bypass Scramjet Engine: A Progress Report. Proc. NASA Advanced Space Propulsion Workshop, Huntsville, Alabama, April 3-5, 2001

Nuclear Space Propulsion Systems

Howe, SD, (1985) Assessment of the Advantages and Feasibility of a Nuclear Rocket for a Manned Mars Mission. Proc. Manned Mars Mission Workshop, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, June 10--14 Karnrnash, T (1985) Fusion Energy for Space Propulsion. American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics Lewis, RA, McGuire, T, Mitchell, Smith, G (1997) Production and Trapping of Antimatter for Space Propulsion Applications. AIAA Paper 97-2793 124 Further Reading

Electric Propulsion Systems

Auweter-Kurtz, M (1992) Lichtbogenantriebefiir Weltraumaufgaben. Stuttgart: Teubner Brophy, JR, Noca, M (1998) Electric Propulsion for Solar System Exploration. Journal of Propulsion and Power 14(5): 700-707 Jahn, RG (1968) Physics of Electric Propulsion. New York: McGraw-Hill Martinez-Sanchez, M, Pollard, JE (1998) Spacecraft Electric Propulsion - An Overview. Journal of Propulsion and Power 14(5): 688-699 Stuhlinger, E (1964) Ion Propulsion for Space Flight. New York: McGraw-Hill

Micropropulsion

Micci, MM, Ketsdever, AD (2000) Micropropulsion for Small Spacecraft (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 187). American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics

Propellantless Propulsion

Forward, RL (1990) Solar Photon Thruster. Journal of Spacecraft 27(4): 411-416 Forward, RL, Hoyt, RP (1998) Application of the Terminator Tether Electrodynamic Drag Technology to the Deorbit of Cons tallat ion Spacecraft. AIAA Paper 98-3491 Morgan, JA (1999) Neutrino Propulsion for Interstellar Spacecraft. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 52: 424-428 Myrabo, LN, Messitt, DG, Mead, FB (1998) Ground and Flight Tests of a Laser Propelled Vehicle. AIAA Paper 98-1001 Winglee, RM, Ziemba, T, Slough, J, Euripides, P, Gallagher, D (2001) Laboratory Testing of the Mini-magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) Prototype. Proc. Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF)

Breakthrough Propulsion

Forward, RL (1996) Mass Modification Experiment Definition Study (An Air Force Report). Journal of Scientific Exploration 10(3): 325-354 Forward, RL (1984) Extracting Electrical Energy from the Vacuum by Cohesion of Charged Foliated Conductors. Physical Review B30(4): 1700-1702 Haisch, B, Rueda, A, Puthoff, HE (1997) Physics of the Zero-point-field: Implications for Inertia, Gravitation and Mass. Speculations in Science & Technology 20: 99-114 Podkletnov, E, Nieminen, R (1992) A Possibility of Gravitational Force Shielding by Bulk YBa2Cu307-x Superconductor. Physica C 203: 441-444 Further Reading 125

Scharnhorst, K (1998) The Velocities of Light in Modified QED Vacua. Annalen der Physik (Leipzig), 8. Ser., 7: 700-709 Tajmar, M, de Matos, CJ (2001) Induction and Amplifications of Non-Newtonian Gravitational Fields. AIAA Paper 2001-3911 Woodward, J (2000) Mass Fluctuations, Stationary Forces, and Propellantless Propulsion. Proceedings of the Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000), edited by EL-Genk, MS. AlP Conf. Proc. 504, American Institute of Physics, New York Subject Index

A D Advanced Drag Reduction 51, 56 Deep Space 1 81,83 Advanced Propellants 31 Delta Clipper 37,38 Aerobrake Trajectory 20 Aerospike Nozzle-see Nozzle E Air-Breathing 33, 53 Electric Propulsion - see Propulsion Aircraft Assisted Launch 43 Electrodynamic Tether-see Tether AJAX 55 Electromagnetic Propulsion - see Antimatter Propulsion - see Propulsion Propulsion Anti-Proton Catalyzed Fission/Fusion Electron-Bombardment Thruster - see Propulsion - see Propulsion Kaufman Ion Thruster Arcjet 76, 78 Electrostatic Propulsion - see Propulsion Ariane 5 26,27,41,55 Electrothermal Propulsion - see Propulsion ARTEMIS 84 Energia 6,25,36 Atomic Hydrogen 32 Energy Bypass 55, 56 Energy Spike 52, 53 B European Experimental Test Vehicle 41 Beamed Energy Earth-to-Orbit Expansion Ratio 28 - 30 Propulsion - see Propulsion Bell Shape Nozzle-see Nozzle Bipropellant 25,26,31,32 F Blunt Nose 52, 53 PESTIP 42 Bolo 107 Field Emission Electric Propulsion Bose Einstein Condensate 32 (PEEP) - see Propulsion Breakthrough Propulsion - see Propulsion Field-Emission-Array (PEA) Cathode 90, Bull, Gerald 46 104 Buran 6 Fission Propulsion - see Propulsion Fission-Fragment Propulsion - see C Propulsion Carbon Nanotube 92 FLTP 42 Casimir Effect 116, 117 Fusion Propulsion - see Propulsion Casimir, Henrik 117 Fusion, Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Catapult 21, 44 67 Charge-Exchange (CEX) Ions 96 Fusion, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Chemical Reaction 23,24,31,57 Fusion (1EC) 69 Child-Langmuir-Schottky Law 82 Fusion, Magnetic Confinement Fusion Clarke, Arthur C. 51 (MCF) 67 Coil Gun 50 Fusion, Inertial Confinement Anti-Proton Colloid Thruster 91, 104 Catalyzed Micro Fission/Fusion Nuclear Conservation of Momentum 7, 8, 20 Propulsion (ICAN) 71 128 Subject Index

G Liquid Core 62, 63 Gagarin, Yuri 5 Liquid Propulsion - see Propulsion Gas Core 63 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - see Orbit Gas Gun Launch 46,47 Low Thrust Transfer Orbit-see Orbit Geostationary Orbit (GEO)-see Orbit LOX-Augmented Nuclear Thermal Rocket Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO)-see (LANTR) 64 Orbit Glushko, Valentin 5 M GOCE 84 Maglifter 50, 51 Goddard, Robert 3,73 Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) - see Gold Gas Thruster lOl Fusion Gravitation 3,116,118,119,121 Magnetic Levitation 50 Gravity Assist 19,20 Magnetic Sails 112 Gun Launch 46 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Propulsion - see Propulsion H Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) Thruster Hall Thruster 75, 85, 86, 98, lO2, 103 93 HERMES 41,42 Mass Driver 50 High Altitude Research Program (HARP) Mass Fraction 12,43 46 Metallic Hydrogen 33 High Energy Density Matter 32 Metastable Helium 32 Hohmann Transfer 19 Microchip Laser Thruster 105 Hollow Cathode 82, 84, 85, lO2 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems HOPE 42 (MEMS) 99 Hybrid Propulsion - see Propulsion Micropropulsion 99 Hyper-X 40,41 Mini-Magnetosphere (M2P2) 113 Molniya Orbit-see Orbit I Momentum Exchange Tether-see Tether Induced Spacecraft Interactions 96, 97 Monopropellant 24, 25, 77 Induction Heating 21,65 Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) - see N Fusion N-1 6 Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion NERVA 57-62,72,115 (1EC) - see Fusion Newton 3,7,8, 118 Ion Thruster 75,80-85,98, lO2 Nozzle, Aerospike 30 Nozzle, Bell Shape 28 J Nozzle, Nozzle Design 28-31 Jishen, Feng 3 Nozzle, Plug Nozzle 30, 110 NRX 59,60 K NSTAR 83, 84, 98 Kaufman Ion Thruster 81,83, 102 Nuclear Propulsion - see Propulsion Kaufman, Harold 81 Nuclear Pulse Rocket 65, 72 Kepler, Johannes 14 KIWI Reactor 59,61 o Korolev, Sergei 5 Oberth, Hermann 4, 27, 73 Orbit Transfers 19 L Orbit Types 17, 18 Laser Accelerated Plasma Propulsion - see Orbit, Geostationary Orbit (GEO) 17, 18 Propulsion Orbit, Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) Laser Lightcraft 110 17-19 Subject Index 129

Orbit, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) 9, 18 Pulse Denotation Rocket 33 Orbit, Low Thrust Transfer Orbit 19 Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) 94 Orbit, Molniya Orbit 17, 18 Orbit, Sun Synchronous Orbit 17, 18 Q Orbital Elements 15 Quantum Theory 116 -118 p Particle-bed Reactor (PBR) 62 R Peltier Element 65 Radiofrequency Thruster 84 Phoebus 59,60 Radioisotope Nuclear Rocket 65,66 Photon Rocket 11, 109 Rail Gun 48 Plasma Contactor 83, 107 Ram Accelerator 48 Plasma Torch 53 Ramjet 34 Plug Nozzle-see Nozzle Relativity Theory 115, 116, 118, 119 PLUTO 58,61 Resistojet 76, 77 Pneumatic Catapult 48 Reusable Launch Vehicles 35, 36 Podkletnov, Eugine 120 Rocket-based Combined-cycle (RBCC) Power Processing Unit (PPU) 75 34,53 Project ORlON 65 Rotary Rockets 34 Propellant Velocity 8,9, 12, 14,23,24,29, Rotovator 107 80 ROVER Program 59 Propellantless Propulsion - see Propulsion Propulsion, Antimatter 72 S Propulsion, Anti-proton Catalyzed Slinger 41 FissionlFusion 71 Saturn V 7,14,25,26 Propulsion, Beamed Energy Earth-to-Orbit Scharnhorst, Klaus 118 110 Scramjet 40, 55, 56 Propulsion, Breakthrough 7,21, 115, Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) 12 116 Slush 24,31 Propulsion, Electric 7,12,19,68,73-98, SMART-1 86, 97, 98 102, 115, 122 Solar !Laser !Microwave !Thermal Propulsion, Electromagnetic 93 - 96 Propulsion - see Propulsion Propulsion, Electrostatic 80 - 92 Solar Sails 19,111,112 Propulsion, Electrothermal 75 - 80 Solid Propulsion 26, 27, 32 Propulsion, Field Emission 87 - 90 Space Defence Initiative (SDI) 48 Propulsion, Fission 58 Space Electric Rocket Test (SERT) 73, 83 Propulsion, Fission-fragment 63 Space Shuttle 6,7,12,18,25-27,36,41, Propulsion, Fusion 66 44,115,122 Propulsion, Hybrid 27 Specific Heat 23 Propulsion, Laser Accelerated Plasma 92 Specific Impulse 8,10-12,22,24-27, Propulsion, Liquid 24, 27, 31 31-33,55-57,59,60,62-65,68, Propulsion, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) 74-78,80,86,89,91,92,95,101,102, Propulsion 53 104, 105, 109 Propulsion, Nuclear Propulsion 6, Stirling Generator 65 57 -59,62, 109 Structural Factor 12 Propulsion, Propellantless Propulsion 109, Stuhlinger, Ernst 73 111,114 Sun Synchronous Orbit-see Orbit Propulsion, Solar !Laser !Microwave / Super High Altitude Research Project Thermal Propulsion 78, 79 (SHARP) 46 Proxima Centauri 115 Surface-charged Vehicles 52 130 Subject Index

T Verne, Jules 3, 44 Tether, Electrodynamic 107, 108, 110 von Braun, Wernher 4, 5, 73 Tether, Momentum Exchange Tether 107, von Opel, Fritz 4 108 Tory-II 61 W Tripropellants 31 Woodward, James 121 Tsiolkovski, Konstantin 3, 4, 73 Tsiolkovski Equation 3, 8, 9 Two-Stage-To-Orbit (TSTO) 36,38,41 X X-15 36,37 U X-33 38-40 Ultra-high Tower 43,51 X-34 38-40 X-43 40 V V-2 5,6,46, 122 Z Variable Isp Plasma Rocket (VASIMR) 95, Zero Point Energy (ZPE) 117 96 Zond 2 73,95 SpringerGeosciences

Yong-Qi Chen, Yuk-Cheung Lee (eds.)

Geographical Data Acquisition

2001. XIV, 265 pages. 167 figures. Softcover EUR 62,• (Recommended retail price) Net-price subject to local VAT. ISBN 3-211-83472-9

This book is dedicated to the theory and methodology of geogra• phical data acquisition, providing comprehensive coverage ranging from the definition of geo-referencing systems, transformation be• tween these systems to the acquisition of geographical data using different methods. Emphasis is placed on conceptual aspects, and the book is written in a semi-technical style to enhance its read• ability. After reading this book, readers should have a rather good understanding of the nature of spatial data, the accuracy of spatial data, and the theory behind various data acquisition methodolo• gies. This volume is a text book for GIS students in disciplines such as geography, environmental science, urban and town planning, natural resource management, computing and geomatics (survey• ing and mapping). Furthermore it is an essential reading for both GIS scientists and practitioners who need some background infor• mation on the technical aspects of geographical data acquisition.

SpringerWien ewYork

A~ 1Z01 WHln, Sed1. enpl.tz 4- 6, P.O. 80)( 89. Filt +43.1.330 24 26, .m.II: books. sprlnger.8l.lnternet: www_SfH'Ing.,.at 0-(;:9126 Meldolberg, .... bo'~raB.e 7. Fax +49.622l34S-229 . .mill; ordor'. 'Prll\gOtM USA Secaucus, NJ 01095-2485, p.o. 80x 24e5. F.x .1.20"1.348"'505, e-mail: Qrders . aprlnger-ny.com hstem 800II; SoMoo. J.p;an, Tokyo 113. 3-13, Hongo 3-dIonw, Bunkyo-ku, Fax +l'll.3818 OB 64, ....-nait: onf...... vt-ebs..oo_lp SpringerGeosciences

Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof, Herbert Lichtenegger, James Collins

Global Positioning System Theory and Practice

Fifth, revised edition. 2001. XXIII, 382 pages. 45 figures. Softcover EUR 51,• (Recommended retail price) Net-price subject to local VAT. ISBN 3-211-83534-2

This new edition accommodates the most recent advances in GPS technology. Updated or new information has been included al • though the overall structure essentially conforms to the former edi• tions. The textbook explains in comprehensive manner the concepts of GPS as well as the latest applications in surveying and naviga• tion. Description of project planning, observation, and data process• ing is provided for novice GPS users. Special emphasis is put on the modernization of GPS covering the new signal structure and improve• ments in the space and the control segment. Furthermore, the aug• mentation of GPS by satellite-based and ground-based systems lead• ing to future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is discussed.

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Roman U. Sexl, Helmuth K. Urbantke

Relativity, Groups, Particles

Special Relativity and Relativistic Symmetry in Field and Particle Physics

Revised and translated from the German by H. K. Urbantke. 2001. XII, 388 pages. 56 figures and 1 frontispiece. Softcover EUR 46,80 (Recommended retail price) Net-price subject to local VAT. ISBN 3-211-83443-5

This textbook attempts to bridge the gap that exists between the two levels on which relativistic symmetry is usually presented - the level of introductory courses on mechanics and electrodynamics and the level of application in high-energy physics and quantum field theory: in both cases, too many other topics are more impor• tant and hardly leave time for a deepening of the idea of relativistic symmetry. So after explaining the postulates that lead to the Lorentz transformation and after going through the main points special rela• tivity has to make in classical mechanics and electrodynamics, the authors gradually lead the reader up to a more abstract point of view on relativistic symmetry - always illustrating it by physical examples - until finally motivating and developing Wigner's classi• fication of the unitary irreducible representations of the inhomoge• neous Lorentz group. Numerous historical and mathematical asides contribute to conceptual clarification.

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