Jica Survey on Examination of Monitoring Methodology for Indicator of Sdg 6.3.1 in Vietnam
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Socialist Republic of Vietnam JICA SURVEY ON EXAMINATION OF MONITORING METHODOLOGY FOR INDICATOR OF SDG 6.3.1 IN VIETNAM FINAL REPORT March 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) GE Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. JR 19-007 Socialist Republic of Vietnam JICA SURVEY ON EXAMINATION OF MONITORING METHODOLOGY FOR INDICATOR OF SDG 6.3.1 IN VIETNAM FINAL REPORT March 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. JICA Survey on Examination of Monitoring Methodology for Indicator of SDG6.3.1 in Vietnam Final Report Table of Contents Summary of JICA Survey on Examination of Monitoring Methodology for Indicator of SDG 6.3.1 .................................................................. S-1 1 Outline of Survey .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Survey ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Survey (Part 1) .................................................................................. 1 1.3 Period of the Survey .............................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Main Activities Planned in the Survey .................................................................................. 2 1.5 Target Areas of Field Work for Trial Information and Data Collection ................................ 2 1.6 Concerned Organizations for the Survey .............................................................................. 2 2 Results of Project Activities .................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Survey Works on Wastewater Management and Treatment in Vietnam................................ 3 2.1.1 Legal Aspects and Concerned Organizations Related to Wastewater Management .. 3 2.1.2 Literature Survey on Wastewater Treatment Status in Vietnam ............................... 12 2.1.3 Field Survey on Wastewater Management: Part A. Domestic Wastewater (Centralized Sewerage System and On-site Facilities) ............................................ 13 2.1.4 Field Survey on Wastewater Management: Part B. Industrial Wastewater .............. 66 2.2 Pilot Study in Hai Phong City ............................................................................................. 71 2.2.1 Objectives of Survey ................................................................................................ 71 2.2.2 Field Survey Results................................................................................................. 73 2.2.3 Findings on SDG Monitoring and Wastewater Management ................................... 80 3 Proposal on Monitoring Methodology for the Indicator of SDG 6.3.1 and Calculation Method ............................................................................................................ 83 3.1 Proposal on Classification of Types of Wastewater and Treatment Methods ...................... 83 3.2 Proposal on Calculating Methods for Obtaining Monitoring Indicator Figures by Types of Wastewater and Treatment Method ................................................................. 83 3.2.1 Expected data and Information collected from the Concerned Organization........... 87 3.2.2 Existing Issues on Methodology on SDG6.3.1 in Vietnam ...................................... 88 3.2.3 Trial Estimation of SDG6.3.1 in Vietnam ................................................................ 92 3.2.4 Findings in Vietnam and Recommendations for Other Countries ............................ 94 3.2.5 Recommendations for Proceeding SDG Indicator 6.3.1 Monitoring ....................... 97 4 Recommendation and Conclusion ..................................................................................... 102 4.1 Definition of SDG6.3 ........................................................................................................ 102 4.2 Monitoring Methodology .................................................................................................. 103 4.3 Achievement of SDG 6.3.1 ............................................................................................... 106 4.4 Future Direction for the Achievement of SDG 6.3.1 in Vietnam ...................................... 112 i JICA Survey on Examination of Monitoring Methodology for Indicator of SDG6.3.1 in Vietnam Final Report List of Tables Table 2-1 Main Laws and Regulations Related to Wastewater Management ........................................ 3 Table 2-2 Decree on Water Drainage and Wastewater Treatment (No.80/2014/ND-CP) ...................... 4 Table 2-3 List of Effluent Standard ....................................................................................................... 7 Table 2-4 Example of Organizations Engaging Concerned Activities on Wastewater Management .... 8 Table 2-5 Common Design Standards for Sewage Works in Vietnam .................................................. 8 Table 2-6 Technical Standard for Pre-cast Thin Wall Reinforced Concrete Septic Tanks (TCVN 10334:2014) ............................................................................................................ 9 Table 2-7 Nominal Size and Allowable Deviation of Some Types of Septic Tanks ............................ 12 Table 2-8 Sizes and Other Requirements ............................................................................................. 12 Table 2-9 Sanitation Coverage Rate .................................................................................................... 13 Table 2-10 Water Consumption in the Service Area of Hai Phong Water Supply Cmpany in 2011 ... 13 Table 2-11 Water Consumption Results from Each Study ................................................................... 14 Table 2-12 Design Unit Water Cnsumption in Hanoi City .................................................................. 14 Table 2-13 Calculation of Water Demand and Wastewater Generation in Hanoi City by 2030 .......... 15 Table 2-14 Treatment Capacity among Existing WWTPs in Vietnam ................................................ 16 Table 2-15 Survey Result of Effluent Quality ..................................................................................... 17 Table 2-16 Characteristics of Septic Tanks (n=46) in Hanoi ............................................................... 19 Table 2-17 Water Quality of Effluent from Septic Tank (unit: mg/L) ................................................. 20 Table 2-18 QCVN 14: 2008 National Technical Regulations on Domestic Wastewater (ref.) ............ 20 Table 2-19 Septage Characteristics in Hanoi ....................................................................................... 21 Table 2-20 Septage Characteristics in Da Nang .................................................................................. 22 Table 2-21 Situation of Installing Johkasou in Vietnam ...................................................................... 25 Table 2-22 Example of Treated Water Quality by WWTF for Condominium (Vinhome Times City- Park Hill in Ha Noi: 29/09/2016) ................................................................... 26 Table 2-23 Example of Treated Water Quality by WWTF for Condominium (ECO-GREEN in Ha Noi: 4/10/2017) ................................................................................ 26 Table 2-24 Selected Districts for On-site Treatment Field Survey in Hanoi ....................................... 29 Table 2-25 Selected Districts for On-site Treatment Field Survey in Hai Phong ................................ 31 Table 2-26 List of Selected Households in Hanoi for Discharged Wastewater Sampling ................... 44 Table 2-27 List of Selected Households in Hai Phong for Discharged Wastewater Sampling ............ 45 Table 2-28 List of Selected Public Facilities in Ha Noi and Hai Phong for Discharged Wastewater Sampling ......................................................................................................... 45 Table 2-29 Sampling Time ................................................................................................................... 46 Table 2-30 Analyzing results of effluent water quality for 20 selected facilities............................. 49 Table 2-31 Septic Tanks to be targeted for Inflowed and Dischaged Wastewater Analysis ................ 52 Table 2-32 Number of Samples to be analyzed for Inflowed and Dischaged Wastewater Analysis ... 52 Table 2-33 Specifications of target septic tanks for sampling of influent and effluent ....................... 55 Table 2-34 Results on Inflow and outflow loads of each septic tank and removal ratios .................... 61 Table 2-35 Water consumption per unit based on each survey (Unit: L/cap/day) ............................... 63 Table 2-36 Ratios of water amount for toilets and grey water amount to total water consumption .... 63 Table 2-37 Results of pollution load per unit based on the field survey .............................................. 65 Table 2-38 Target Facilities on Questionnaire Survey ......................................................................... 67 Table 2-39 Master List in Ving Phuc Province .................................................................................... 68 Table 2-40 Master List in Ha Nam Province ....................................................................................... 69 Table 2-41 Questionnaire