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Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2013 canadian aquaculture r&d review 2013 inSide: Intensive production of Tilapia and Coho Salmon in a Recirculating Aquaculture System Development of novel RNA-based treatments against ISAV Detecting SNP association with resistance to sea lice in Atlantic Salmon Developing a carrying capacity framework for Baynes Sound, BC Support for the development of a draft sediment monitoring program for freshwater Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication 23 cage aquaculture Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2013 The Canadian Aquaculture Research and Editors: D. John Martell, Johannie Duhaime, and AAC Special Publication #23 Development Review has been published with G. Jay Parsons ISBN: 978-0-9881415-3-7 support and funding provided by Fisheries and Produced by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Oceans Canada – Aquaculture Research and Aquaculture Association of Canada Printed by Imprimerie Plantagenet Printing Development Program (ACRDP) and support © 2013 Aquaculture Association of Canada from the Aquaculture Association of Canada Design by Co. & Co. Printed in Canada (AAC). Submitted materials may have been Cited as: DJ Martell, J Duhaime, and GJ Parsons Front Cover: Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, edited for length and writing style. Projects not (eds). Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2013. courtesy of Ted Sweeten (DFO) included in this edition should submit material Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Back cover: Oyster raft in Bayne’s Sound, BC, in time for the 2015 edition. Publication 23 (2013) courtesy of DFO (Linda A. Fear) CONTENTS FinFish: Freshwater 3 shellFish: mussels 56 FinFish: salmon 16 shellFish: oysters 64 FinFish: marine 20 shellFish: other 70 sea lice 25 miscellaneous 80 Fish health 31 organizations 91 environmental interactions 39 glossary 96 CIMTAN 48 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the fifth edition of the biannual Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review. The review is an ongoing compendium of the aquaculture research and development projects that have been underway over the past two years from all across Canada. The review contains over 220 project descriptions detailing an impressive range of topics, disciplines, species and geography. Projects include marine and freshwater species, and range in topic from fish health, production, husbandry technology, nutrition, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, environmental interactions, and more. This is the second issue of the review that has been produced by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in partnership with the Aquaculture Association of Canada (AAC). This partnership is ideal, highly relevant, and mutually beneficial to our roles in the area of knowledge mobilisation at both the AAC and DFO. This collaboration has allowed us to produce this 2013 edition as an AAC Special Publication. Since the beginning of the 21st century, aquaculture has played an increasingly important role in human nutrition, with aquaculture products now heavily involved in the food distribution chain. Development of responsible aquaculture not only presents biological, technological, and environmental challenges, but also requires inter-sectoral approaches where the economy, the legal system and the broad area of social sciences are increasingly called upon to intervene. The AAC wants not only to showcase advances in aquaculture in Canada, but also provides information to its members for an expanded dialogue on present and future challenges for this industry. This publication falls within AAC’s mandate of disseminating knowledge and it should be of interest to a wide audience. Likewise, Fisheries and Oceans Canada has a mandate to enable the sustainable development of Canada’s aquatic resources, including aquaculture, and to provide access to information on its scientific activities underway within the department and elsewhere in Canada. Publication of ongoing research in the AAC Bulletin is one important tool towards achieving our shared mandates and to reach out to interested stakeholders and the public. We would like to take the opportunity to recognize and thank several people who contributed significantly to the production of this Review. First, Dr. John Martell (DFO) undertook the overall coordination of this project and was singularly instrumental in seeing this project through to completion from beginning to end. Johannie Duhaime provided key support in reviewing and editing all submissions. Tara Donaghy, Patricia Hunter, and Emily Nelson were also actively involved in various aspects of this project including editorial review as well as design, print, and online coordination. We would also like to thank Gail Ryan, the AAC Executive Director, for overseeing AAC’s part in its publication. Jay Parsons, PhD Céline Audet, PhD Ecosystems and Oceans Science Sector President Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Association of Canada FINFISH: FRESHWATER Striped Bass seedstock production and grow-out Ovarian fluid influences sperm performance Evaluation of ration reductions on the growth, Effect of a shrimp by-product to replace fishmeal in Lake Trout feed conversion, pigment retention and somatic in diets of Arctic Charr at early stage Development of hatchery and advanced indices of Rainbow Trout Sex-linked markers for Arctic Charr fingerling innovations to compliment North Strategies to prevent off-flavours in fish raised Shore Fish Farms Ltd. advanced indoor Yellow in closed-circuit aquaculture system Sturgeon: Canada’s diversified freshwater Perch recirculating aquaculture system and aquaculture industry Phase 2 Histological observations on vertebral bone grow-out technologies remodelling upon the appearance, recovery and Development of an automatic distribution The effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on reproduction, deterioration of a vertebral anomaly in cultured system for live feed, microdiets and prophylactic growth development and stress response in Rainbow Trout fed a diet low in phosphorus treatments for sturgeon larvae and early juveniles Rainbow Trout Genetic and ecological impacts of Brook Trout Pre-commercial assessment of the zootechnical Effect of composition of diet and the dynamic stocking: issues affecting the ecological and performance and bioassay of Arctic Charr of digestion and absorption of amino acids economic sustainability of the aquaculture cultured in brackish water on efficiency of utilization of dietary protein industry in Quebec Sub-clinical effects and metabolism of the in Rainbow Trout Study of the Brook Trout in terms of the functional feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol Characterize the response of vertebral bone and physiological genomic bases of performance (DON) in Rainbow Trout tissue with a phosphorus deficiency in cultured characteristics, hybrid vigour and interest for Sperm quality of hatchery-reared Lake Trout Rainbow Trout through transcriptome analysis aquaculture throughout the spawning season Development of strains of Arctic Charr, Brook Construction and evaluation of a new sludge Development of techniques for accelerated Trout and their hybrids capable of effectively and floating materials concentrator by use of growth, maturation and egg development for synthesizing linseed oil into polyunsaturated sedimentation and mechanical recuperation cultured Shortnose Sturgeon fatty acids (omega-3) suitable for fish farming Optimization of commercial feed adapted for the Determination of geosmin and Design and validation of a new generation Manitoba – Canadian Model Aqua-Farm 2-methylisoborneol concentrations in Rainbow of rearing pond that permits rapid recovery Trout by in-vivo sampling using solid phase of fish waste Intensive production of Tilapia and Coho Salmon microextraction in a land-based, indoor, mixed-cell raceway, Nanaimo land-based Steelhead model aquafarm Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) — Corn gluten meal and muscle pigmentation The effect of dietary intake of phosphorus on Phase 1 Tilapia in Rainbow Trout P status and bone metabolism of Rainbow Trout Effects of feed restriction on nutrient partitioning: Strategy for improving the beneficial properties Research to improve the quality of eggs and priorities between body compartments in two of cultured fish for human health: inclusion of a early development of the Yellow Walleye for size-classes of Rainbow Trout new vegetable oil in the diet of trout aquaculture in Quebec Establishment of a pedigreed Rainbow Trout Optimization of omega-3 content and antioxidant Implementation of commercial mode broodstock using recirculating aquaculture capacity of flesh of strains of cultured charr zootechnical measures for maximizing rearing technology and genotyping productivity of Arctic Charr CANADian aQUACULTURE r&D REVIEW 2013 3 FINFISH: FRESHWATER FINFISH: FRESHWATER STRIpED baSS seedstock production aND grow-OUT Effect OF a SHRImp by-product to REplaCE FISHmEal IN diets OF Arctic CHaRR aT EaRly stagE The objective was to evaluate the effect of a shrimp process residue meal (SPRM) on performance and health of Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus) at early stage fed low fishmeal diets. The SPRM was obtained from shrimp by-product sludge in a seafood processing plant. The sludge was dried to produce the SPRM, which contained high concentrations of beneficial nutrients (71% proteins, 14% lipids, omega-3 (30% of lipids), >60 μg/g vitamin E). One practical (control) and three experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of shrimp by-product to replace 25, 50, and 100% of fishmeal. One commercial starter feed for salmonids was also used for comparison. Arctic Charr (0.90 g) were allocated
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