Preservation and Restoration of Philippine Art Music Manuscripts of the University of the -Diliman College of Music

Asst. Prof. Johann Frederick A. Cabbab and Asst. Prof. Iyra S. Buenrostro

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 The former library of the Conservatory of Music was built in 1925, nine years after the establishment of the conservatory.

After World War II, UP transferred its campus from to Diliman, , and the library started to be reorganized in 1954.

Under the administration of President Carlos P. Romulo, the then Conservatory of Music officially became a college in 1968.

The UP College of Music named its current building after the famous Filipino composer and distinct alumnus of the Conservatory, Nicanor Abelardo.

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved.(UP 2013 College of Music, 2012, para.1-5). National Artists for Music

Antonino R. Buenaventura Ernani Joson Cuenco Jose Maceda Lucio D. San Pedro Levi Celerio Felipe Padilla De Leon Lucrecia R. Kasilag Antonio J. Molina Andrea O. Veneracion

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 (NCCA, 2011) Among the National Artists for Music, seven came from the Conservatory of Music/UP College of Music:

Antonino R. Buenaventura Jovita Fuentes Jose Maceda Lucio D. San Pedro Felipe Padilla De Leon Antonio J. Molina Andrea O. Veneracion

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 The art music manuscripts of famous composer Abelardo, and National Artists Molina, Buenaventura, and San Pedro, and other famous composers and alumni were donated by their heirs to the library of the UP College of Music.

Physically, many of these scores are no longer usable nor recommended for repetitive handling and photo duplication, because the paper folia of the manuscripts are already yellowing and crumbling.

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 To address this concern on the preservation and restoration of these Philippine art music manuscripts of the University of the Philippines- Diliman College of Music, an application to the Source of Solutions (SOS) Grants of the UP OVCRD was made.

Guidelines and recommended practices fundamental to the preservation of these materials of heritage have been laid for the librarians and archivists worldwide and these were employed to guarantee that the proper preservation of representative records was done.

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 A simple laboratory was set up by the project proponents and the restoration process involves digital imaging of the originals, evaluation and documentation, deacidification, cleaning, mending, encapsulation and boxing/binding.

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Methodology

I. Preliminary Survey A. Evaluate the materials 1. Nature of materials (provenance, format, volume, etc.) 2. Extent of damage (torn pages, infestation, etc.) 3. Ink solubility 4. Acidity of paper B. Document the current condition of the materials C. Determine the necessary preventive or restorative conservation treatments

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Methodology II. Basic Preservation Actions A. Refolder

B. Rebox

C. Copy/Duplicate

D. Dust/Clean

E. Humidify/Flatten

F. Remove fasteners and staple wires

G. Segregate

H. Reserve materials for treatment

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Methodology III. Restorative Conservation Treatments A. Surface cleaning 1. Non-aqueous 2. Aqueous B. Deacidification C. Paper Strengthening D. Mending, strengthening and support 1.Mending of tears 2.Lining and sizing 3.Polyester film encapsulation

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Materials Cost

Filmoplast P Php 998/roll Filmoplast P90 Php 998/roll Acid-free adhesive tape Php 1, 575/roll

Burnishing bone Php 1, 330 Melinex roll Php 27, 160/ roll Japanese Tissue paper Php 336 Methyl cellulose adhesive powder Php 2, 065/kilo Art gum eraser Php 140 Archival deacidifying mist Php 4, 340 Acid-free folders (Legal Size) Php 161

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 I. Preliminary Survey A. Evaluate the materials 1. Nature of materials (provenance, format, volume, etc.) 2. Extent of damage (torn pages, infestation, etc.) 3. Ink solubility 4. Acidity of paper B. Document the current condition of the materials C. Determine the necessary preventive or restorative conservation treatments © Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013

I. Preliminary Survey A. Evaluate the materials 1. Nature of materials (provenance, format, volume, etc.) 2. Extent of damage (torn pages, infestation, etc.) 3. Ink solubility 4. Acidity of paper B. Document the current condition of the materials C. Determine the necessary preventive or restorative conservation © Copyright of University of the Philippines treatments Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 II. Basic Preservation Actions A. Refolder

B. Rebox

C. Copy/Duplicate

D. Dust/Clean

E. Humidify/Flatten

F. Remove fasteners and staple wires

G. Segregate

H. Reserve materials for treatment

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 III. Restorative Conservation Treatments A. Surface cleaning 1. Non-aqueous 2. Aqueous B. Deacidification C. Paper Strengthening D. Mending, strengthening and support 1.Mending of tears 2.Lining and sizing 3.Polyester film encapsulation © Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Decision Table Guide for Rules Identifying Correct Restorative Treatments

Conditions Paper Acidity acidic basic acidic basic Ink Blotting yes yes no no

Actions Non-Aqueous ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Dry Surface Cleaning

Aqueous ✓ ✓ Surface Cleaning

Non-Aqueous ✓ De-acidification

Aqueous De-acidification ✓

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Decision Table Guide for Rules Identifying Correct Restorative Treatments

Conditions Paper Acidity acidic basic acidic basic Ink Blotting yes yes no no

Actions Non-Aqueous ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Dry Surface Cleaning

Aqueous ✓ ✓ Surface Cleaning

Non-Aqueous ✓ De-acidification

Aqueous De-acidification ✓

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Decision Table Guide for Rules Identifying Correct Restorative Treatments

Conditions Paper Acidity acidic basic acidic basic Ink Blotting yes yes no no

Actions Non-Aqueous ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Dry Surface Cleaning

Aqueous ✓ ✓ Surface Cleaning

Non-Aqueous ✓ De-acidification

Aqueous De-acidification ✓

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Decision Table Guide for Rules Identifying Correct Restorative Treatments

Conditions Paper Acidity acidic basic acidic basic Ink Blotting yes yes no no

Actions Non-Aqueous ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Dry Surface Cleaning

Aqueous ✓ ✓ Surface Cleaning

Non-Aqueous ✓ De-acidification

Aqueous De-acidification ✓

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Decision Table Guide for Rules Identifying Correct Restorative Treatments

Conditions Paper Acidity acidic basic acidic basic Ink Blotting yes yes no no

Actions Non-Aqueous ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Dry Surface Cleaning Aqueous ✓ ✓ Surface Cleaning Non-Aqueous ✓ De-acidification Aqueous ✓ De-acidification

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 © Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 © Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 III. Restorative Conservation Treatments A. Surface cleaning 1. Non-aqueous 2. Aqueous B. Deacidification C. Paper Strengthening D. Mending, strengthening and support 1.Mending of tears 2.Lining and sizing 3.Polyester film encapsulation © Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 III. Restorative Conservation Treatments A. Surface cleaning 1. Non-aqueous 2. Aqueous B. Deacidification C. Paper Strengthening D. Mending, strengthening and support 1.Mending of tears 2.Lining and sizing 3.Polyester film © Copyright of University of the Philippines encapsulation Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Proponents: Dr. Jose Buenconsejo Asst. Prof. Iyra Buenrostro Asst. Prof. Johann Frederick A. Cabbab

College of Music: Ms. Josie Baradas, URA Ms. Florinda Santos, Head Librarian, College of Music Library

School of Library and Information Studies: Ms. Roxanne Canaveral Ms. Darl Valerie Corral-Piquero Ms. Roscelle Cruz Ms. CJ Domingo Mr. Levin Matriano Ms. PJ Resoso Mr. Manuel Schuldes Mr. Adrian Tolentino © Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 This is an ongoing project, and the proponents are hoping that the grant and resources available will be able to sustain the restoration project until the end. It is the main goal of this project to relive and capture the remains of the Filipino classical music, so that this music era, genre and forms will forever live. This tangible collection of music heritage has high cultural, historical and symbolic value—a real asset of the university and the country.

Possible Collaborations with other archivists on processes and materials / supplies used.

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013 Works consulted:

About the UP College of Music. (2012). The University of the Philippines College of Music. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from http://music.upd.edu.ph/Administration%20of%20the%20College.html

Bañas, R.C. (1924). The music and theater of the Filipino people. Manila: The Author

Bañas, R.C. (1933). A historical sketch of the Conservatory of Music. Unpublished manuscript.

Cabigao, S.S. (2013). UPCM struggles to save rare, time-worn Philippine music manuscripts. U.P. News, 34(3), 8.

Epistola, E.V. (1996). Nicanor Abelardo: the man and the artist. Manila: Rex Bookstore.

Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development, UP Diliman. (June 2011). Source of Solutions Grants (Special Grants): General Guidelines. [memo/guidelines]. University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City.

Organizational awards: the National Artists of the Philippines. (2011). National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca/org-awards/org-awards-national-artist-list.php

Republic Act No. 10066, National Heritage Act of 2009.

Samson, H. F. (1976). Contemporary Filipino composers: biographical interviews. Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Company.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (1998). Memory of the World. Retrieved April 22, 2013, from http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.phpURL_ID=1538&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

© Copyright of University of the Philippines Diliman. All rights reserved. 2013