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Kajian Terhadap Gambaran Jenis Senjata Orang Melayu Dalam Manuskrip Tuhfat Al-Nafis
BAB 1 PENGENALAN ______________________________________________________________________ 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Kajian 1.1.1 Peperangan Dunia seringkali diancam dengan pergaduhan dan peperangan, sama ada peperangan antarabangsa, negara, agama, etnik, suku kaum, bahkan wujud juga peperangan yang berlaku antara anak-beranak dan kaum keluarga. Perang yang di maksudkan adalah satu pertempuran ataupun dalam erti kata lain merupakan perjuangan (jihad). Kenyataan ini turut di perakui oleh Sun Tzu dalam karyanya yang menyatakan bahawa peperangan itu adalah urusan negara yang penting untuk menentukan kelangsungan hidup atau kemusnahan sesebuah negara, maka setiap jenis peperangan itu perlu diselidiki terlebih dahulu matlamatnya.1 Di samping itu, perang juga sering dianggap oleh sekalian manusia bahawa ia merupakan satu perbalahan yang melibatkan penggunaan senjata sehingga mampu mengancam nyawa antara sesama umat manusia.2 Ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan senjata merupakan elemen penting dalam sebuah peperangan. Perang merupakan salah satu daripada kegiatan manusia kerana ia meliputi pelbagai sudut kehidupan. Peredaran zaman serta berkembangnya sesebuah tamadun telah menuntut seluruh daya upaya manusia untuk berjuang mempertahankan negara terutamanya dalam peperangan. Ini kerana pada masa kini perang merupakan satu 1 Saputra, Lyndon, (2002), Sun Tzu the Art of Warfare, Batam : Lucky Publisher, hlmn 8 2 Kamus Dewan Bahasa (Edisi Keempat), (2007), Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka , hlmn 1178 masalah yang sangat besar, rumit dalam sebuah -
5.45×39Mm 1 5.45×39Mm
5.45×39mm 1 5.45×39mm 5.45×39mm M74 5.45×39mm cartridge Type Rifle Place of origin Soviet Union Service history In service 1974–present Used by Soviet Union/Russian Federation, former Soviet republics, former Warsaw Pact Wars Afghan War, Georgian Civil War, First Chechen War, Second Chechen War, Yugoslav Wars Production history Designed early 1970s Specifications Case type Steel, rimless, bottleneck Bullet diameter 5.60 mm (0.220 in) Neck diameter 6.29 mm (0.248 in) Shoulder diameter 9.25 mm (0.364 in) Base diameter 10.00 mm (0.394 in) Rim diameter 10.00 mm (0.394 in) Rim thickness 1.50 mm (0.059 in) Case length 39.82 mm (1.568 in) Overall length 57.00 mm (2.244 in) Rifling twist 255 mm (1 in 10 inch) or 195 mm (1 in 7.68 inch) Primer type Berdan or Small rifle Maximum pressure 380.00 MPa (55,114 psi) Ballistic performance Bullet weight/type Velocity Energy 3.2 g (49 gr) 5N7 FMJ mild steel core 915 m/s (3,000 ft/s) 1,340 J (990 ft·lbf) 3.43 g (53 gr) 7N6 FMJ hardened steel core 880 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,328 J (979 ft·lbf) 3.62 g (56 gr) 7N10 FMJ enhanced 880 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,402 J (1,034 ft·lbf) penetration 3.68 g (57 gr) 7N22 AP hardened steel core 890 m/s (2,900 ft/s) 1,457 J (1,075 ft·lbf) 5.45×39mm 2 5.2 g (80 gr) 7U1 subsonic for silenced 303 m/s (990 ft/s) 239 J (176 ft·lbf) AKS-74UB Test barrel length: 415 mm (16.3 in) and 200 mm (7.9 in) for 7U1 [1] Source(s): The 5.45×39mm cartridge is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge. -
Mysticism Elements in the Use of Firearm Technology in the Manuscript on Firearms
HUMANIORA VOLUME 27 No. 3 Oktober 2015 Halaman 373-383 MYSTICISM ELEMENTS IN THE USE OF FIREARM TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANUSCRIPT ON FIREARMS Pramono* Wan Mohd Dasuki Wan Hasbullah** Herry Nur Hidayat*** ABSTRACT: In the realm of Malay manuscript researches, the aspect of technology has been given little attention to be researched in a serious and specific manner. Even less is the study focused on the correlation between the Malay technology and Islamic civilization. This article seeks to shed light on the matter and discusses the Malay technology dealing with the use of hand-held firearms which was possibly inherited from the Islamic sources found in the Malay manuscripts. In particular, this article tries to analyse the mysticism elements which seems to be the underlying idea of the indigenous knowledge of firearm technology. The knowledge of such technology and its application are believed to have been practiced by individuals or groups of individuals in the Malay civilization till the 19th mid-century. Keywords: firearms, indigenous knowledge, Malay manuscript, Malay technology, Mysticism ABSTRAK Dalam khazanah penelitian manuskrip Melayu, aspek teknologi masih minim dijadikan objek kajian yang khusus dan serius. Terlebih lagi, kajian yang difokuskan pada hubungan teknologi Melayu dengan peradaban Islam. Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk mengisi kekosongan kajian tersebut. Artikel ini membahas teknologi bangsa Melayu dalam hal penggunaan senjata api atau “bedil” (senapan) yang kemungkinan diwarisi dari sumber Islam; dengan bersumber dari manuskrip Melayu. Secara khusus, tulisan ini menganalisis unsur-unsur tasawwuf yang menjadi dasar pemikiran dalam teknologi ilmu bedil. Pengetahuan mengenai teknologi dan aplikasinya diyakini telah dipraktikkan oleh individu tertentu atau sekelompok individu dalam kebudayaan Melayu sampai pertengahan abad ke-19. -
Ottoman Sufism, Orientalism, and German Politics, 1770-1825 a Dissertatio
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Changing States: Ottoman Sufism, Orientalism, and German Politics, 1770-1825 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Lela Jaise Gibson 2015 © Copyright by Lela Jaise Gibson 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Changing States: Ottoman Sufism, Orientalism, and German Politics, 1770-1825 by Lela Jaise Gibson Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor David Sabean, Chair This dissertation shows how German diplomats imported texts related to tasawwuf (Sufism) from the Ottoman Empire, translated them into German, and published them to advocate for competing political visions following the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Specifically, it traces the life of Heinrich von Diez (1751-1817), an Enlightenment thinker who served as the Prussian chargé d’affaires in Istanbul from 1784-90, where he learned Ottoman, collected manuscripts, and established contact with a Sufi lodge. After returning to Prussia, he translated and published several Ottoman manuscripts to articulate his support for an absolutist revival. Habsburg diplomats in Istanbul, such as Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1856), Valentin von Huszár (1788-1850), and Vincenz von Rosenzweig-Schwannau (1791-1865), similarly established contact with Sufi lodges, imported manuscripts, and translated them into German to advocate for a competing vision of the future rooted in nationalism and romantic poetry. Johann ii Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) drew upon the work of these diplomat-orientalists to write the West-östlicher Divan (1819), a collection poems inspired by Sufi literature. Theologian and orientalist August Tholuck (1799-1877) also built upon the work of these authors to advance his approach to evangelical theology. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Playing Along Infinite Rivers: Alternative Readings of a Malay State a Dissertation Submitted
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Playing Along Infinite Rivers: Alternative Readings of a Malay State A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Syed Husni Bin Syed Abu Bakar August 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Hendrik Maier, Chairperson Dr. Mariam Lam Dr. Tamara Ho Copyright by Syed Husni Bin Syed Abu Bakar 2015 The Dissertation of Syed Husni Bin Syed Abu Bakar is approved: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements There have been many kind souls along the way that helped, suggested, and recommended, taught and guided me along the way. I first embarked on my research on Malay literature, history and Southeast Asian studies not knowing what to focus on, given the enormous corpus of available literature on the region. Two years into my graduate studies, my graduate advisor, a dear friend and conversation partner, an expert on hikayats, Hendrik Maier brought Misa Melayu, one of the lesser read hikayat to my attention, suggesting that I read it, and write about it. If it was not for his recommendation, this dissertation would not have been written, and for that, and countless other reasons, I thank him kindly. I would like to thank the rest of my graduate committee, and fellow Southeast Asianists Mariam Lam and Tamara Ho, whose friendship, advice, support and guidance have been indispensable. Also, Muhamad Ali and Justin McDaniel, whose graduate courses have cultivated my interest in Southeast Asia beyond the literary into appreciating the religious complexity and diversity of the region. -
Lucznik P-83 Wanad Pistol Instruction, Safety User's Guide And
Polish Lucznik P-83 Wanad Semi-Automatic Pistol Instruction, Safety User’s Guide and Manual Made in Poland Updated: 28 AUGUST 2015 By Peter S. Van Gorp Table of Contents PAGE……………………………………………………………………… ITEM [ click on an item to jump to its page ] 2……………………………………………………………………………. Table of Contents (this page) 3……………………………………………………………………………. Disclaimer 4……………………………………………………………………………. General Safety Guidelines 5……………………………………………………………………………. Firearm Warnings 6……………………………………………………………………………. Forward 7……………………………………………………………………………. Background 8……………………………………………………………………………. Background: Archer Radom excerpt 9……………………………………………………………………………. Features, Implications and Thoughts 11………………………………………………………………………….. Features, Implications and Thoughts: American Rifleman Magazine article 13………………………………………………………………………….. Specifications 15………………………………………………………………………….. Specifications: P-93 Variant 16………………………………………………………………………….. Full Assembly Components’ List 18………………………………………………………………………….. Parts’ Large Diagram 19………………………………………………………………………….. Slide Assembly Components List 20………………………………………………………………………….. Pistol Operation: Firing the Pistol 21………………………………………………………………………….. Pistol Operation: Carrying live round in the chamber 22………………………………………………………………………….. Pistol Operation: Unloading the pistol with a live round 23………………………………………………………………………….. Pistol Operation: Malfunctions and Stoppages 24………………………………………………………………………….. Maintenance: Pistol Disassembly 25………………………………………………………………………….. Maintenance: Magazine Disassembly 26…………………………………………………………………………. -
Mualang Tjia2007 S.Pdf
A GRAMMAR OF MUALANG : AN IBANIC LANGUAGE OF WESTERN KALIMANTAN , INDONESIA Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6006 Janskerkhof 13 fax: +31 30 253 6406 3512 BL Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Mualang men carrying rice in a lanyik basket. Photo courtesy of R. Allen Drake. ISBN 978-90-78328-24-7 NUR 632 Copyright © 2007: Johnny Tjia. All rights reserved. A Grammar of Mualang: An Ibanic Language of Western Kalimantan, Indonesia Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. P.F. van der Heijden, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 25 april 2007 klokke 15.00 uur door JOHNNY TJIA geboren te Obi, Noord Molukken (Indonesië), in 1965 Promotiecommissie promotor: prof. dr. W.A.L. Stokhof medepromotor: prof. dr. H. Steinhauer co-promotor: dr. D. van Minde referent: prof. dr. B. Nothofer (Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main) overige leden: prof. dr. W.F.H. Adelaar dr. A. Th. P. G. van Engelenhoven dr. M.A.F. Klamer dr. G. P. Reesink prof. dr. L. J. de Vries Research for this doctoral dissertation was made possible by a grant from the Research School CNWS, School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies and the assistance of the Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL). Tanda kenangan buat Linda, Yosua dan Yehu Acknowledgements Throughout the years which finally resulted in the publication of the present study I have received abundant help from many parties and persons. -
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https://sangkhakala.kemdikbud.go.id/ Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 24 No. 1 2021, 15-30 P-ISSN: 1410-3974; E-ISSN: 2580-8907 SANGKHAKALA 10.24832/bas.v22i1.443 PERANG KESULTANAN ARU MENGHADAPI KESULTANAN ACEH DI ABAD XVI M ARU SULTANATE WAR FACING THE ACEH SULTANATE IN THE XVI M Naskah diterima: Revisi terakhir: Naskah disetujui terbit: 17-06-2020 11-05-2021 28-05-2021 Ery Soedewo Balai Arkeologi Sumatera Utara Jalan Seroja Raya Gang Arkeologi No.1, Medan Tuntungan, Medan [email protected] Abstracts Aru Sultanate was a state in Sumatra Island cited by numerous local and international sources between 13th and 16th centuries CE. In the middle of 16th century CE, the sovereignty of Aru was threatened by Aceh Sultanate’s aggression to its neighbouring states in Sumatra. Aru Sultanate’s strategic moves to deal with that aggression is the subject matter of this article. The discussion of such strategies is aimed at revealing what options came to surface by the defensive side to counter the aggressor. Historical reviews of two main records of the Portuguese Tomé Pires and Ferna-O Mendes Pinto revealed the potential strength and strategies adopted by Aru Sultanate to repel Aceh Sultanate’s attack. The presence of the fort as a supporting defensive factor allows Aru Sultanate to deploy a defensive strategy in Aru War I. The defensive stance, however, turned into offensive one in Aru Wars II and III as a strong ally, Johor Sultanate came to assist. Despite more alliances were formed with more states, victory ultimately belonged to Aceh Sultanate. -
Babad Praya (1994).Pdf
TO' DIPE 0 GA C U lUK U ,IUM AD PR 121 B 00004999 TIOAK DIPEROAGANGKAN UNTUK UMUM BABAD PRAYA Lalu Gde Suparman P E P P 'j S > ■■ PUSA1 ;-t[viau>]A AN OAN PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA OEPARTEMEN PENOlDlKAM OAN KEBUDAYAAW Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Jakarta 1994 PerpustakaaivPusat Pembinaan dan Pengsmbangan Bahasa No, Klasi^i^asi No, Indiik s Z m. , <;uf Ttd, ; " PROYEK PEMBINAAN BUKU SASTRA INDONESIA DAN DAERAH-JAKARTA TAHUN 1993/1994 PUSAT PEMBINAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN Pcmimpin Proyek : Dr. Nafron Hasjim Bendahara Proyek: Suwanda Sekretaris Proyek : Drs. Farid Hadi Staf Proyek : Cipiodigiyarto Sujalmo E. Bachliar ISBN 97^59-390-7 HAK CIPTA DILINDUNGI DNDANG-UNDANG Isi buku ini, balk sebagian maupun seluruhnya dilarang dif)crbanyak dalam beniuk apa pun tanpa i/in icnulis dari penerbii, kecuali dalam hal pengulipan unluk kcperluan penulisan artikel atau karangan ilmiaii KATA PENGANTAR Masalah kesusastraan, khususnya sastra (lisan) daerah dan sastra Indonesia lama, menipakan masalah kebudayaan nasional yang perlu digarap dengan sungguh-sungguh dan berencana. Dalam sastra (lisan) daerah dan sastra Indonesia lama itu, yang merupakan warisan budaya nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia, tersimpan nilai-nilai budaya yang tinggi. Sehubungan dengan itu, sangat tepat kiranya Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan melalui Proyek Pembinaan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah-Jakarta berusaha melestarikan nilai-nilai budaya dalam sastra itu dengan cara pemilihan, pengalihaksaraan, dan pener- jemahan sastra Oisan) berbahasa daerah itu. Usaha pelestarian sastra daerah perlu dilakukan karena di dalam sastra daerah terkandung warisan budaya nenek moyang bangsa Indone sia yang sangat tinggi nilainya. Upaya pelestarian itu bukan hanya akan memperluas wawasan kita terhadap sastra dan budaya masyarakat daerah yang bersangkutan, melainkan juga akan memperkaya khaza- nah sastra dan budaya Indonesia. -
7 Simple Verbal Clauses and Argument Structure
A grammar of Mualang : an Ibanic language of Western Kalimantan, Indonesia Tjia, J. Citation Tjia, J. (2007, April 25). A grammar of Mualang : an Ibanic language of Western Kalimantan, Indonesia. LOT dissertation series. LOT, Utrecht. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/11862 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/11862 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 7 SIMPLE VERBAL CLAUSES AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE In Chapter 6 I have dealt with predicate nominals and some constructions related to them. In this chapter I will turn to predicates that are verbal. In the first place the discussion will be concerned with the verb and its core arguments and their morphosyntactic marking in clauses. Mualang is an inconsistent SVO language. Subjects and objects are not marked morphologically, indirect (and oblique) objects are introduced by a preposition. Verbs are morphologically marked with prefixes. There are no suffixes. Verbal prefixes have two different functions, namely 1) VALENCE INCREASER (or VALENCE for short), and 2) VOICE MARKER. Valence increasing operators, discussed in 7.1.3.1, include verbal prefixes that derive verbs from noun roots or increase transitivity of verbal roots. Such derivational operations yield an inflectable stem. In discourse, such a verbal stem can be inflected for voice (discussed in 7.2), using a Voice prefix (see example (7- 2). Thus, the voice marker operates after valence increasing prefixation. One voice prefix, namely ba-, can operate directly on a noun stem (7-3). -
IMAN 1(3) Sept 2013
International Journal of the Malay World andWan Civilisation Mohd Dasuki (Iman Wan) 1(3), Hasbullah 2013: 51 & - Othman 59 Mohd Yatim 51 Teknologi Istinggar: Beberapa Ciri Fizikal dalam Aplikasi Teknikalnya WAN MOHD DASUKI WAN HASBULLAH & OTHMAN MOHD YATIM ABSTRAK Eksploitasi ubat bedil telah mencetuskan gelombang inovasi teknologi peralatan peperangan yang dinamakan sebagai senjata api. Secara beransur-ansur, senjata api menjadi teknologi baharu yang sentiasa dibangunkan serta dikehendaki dalam setiap peperangan, tidak terkecuali juga kepada orang Melayu sejak kurun ke-16 lagi. Antara jenis senjata api yang turut mendapat perhatian mereka ialah istinggar. Namun tidak seperti senjata api lain yang dikategorikan ke dalam kumpulan artileri seperti meriam dan lela; istinggar – sebagai sejenis senjata api ringan – tidak banyak dibincangkan tentang sifat-sifat, fungsi dan peranannya sebagai peralatan material yang penting dalam konteks kebudayaan orang Melayu. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang apakah dia istinggar dengan meneliti ciri-ciri fizikalnya yang asas dalam proses untuk memahami aspek kepenggunaan serta kedudukannya dalam sistem persenjataan Melayu. Penelitian dibuat dengan berpandukan kepada sumber-sumber bertulis serta pemerhatian ke atas beberapa sampel senjata api ringan tersebut. Kata kunci: etnohistori, istinggar, kebudayaan material, senjata api, teknologi Melayu ABSTRACT The exploitation of gunpowder has triggered a wave of technological innovation in warfare, evident from the use of firearms. Gunpowder-dependent weaponry -
881 .W5 OREGON HISTORICAL Sociiry
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 111111 Oil llO'II O II 010 I II 12 0143709778 F 881 .w5 OREGON HISTORICAL SociirY LIBRARY BY AN OREGON PIONEER FIRESIDE oOo Compiled by L. E. WILKES oOo HILLSBORO, OREGON February 1941 Printed in Ililisboro by Hillsboro Printing Co. 1941 CONTENTS CHAPTER IPoem, "Fifty Years Ago;" Introduction, Not Political - History; Folk lore; Figure on state house; Personal history sub- ordinated; Origin of family in America; Samuel served in Revo- lution; Married Margaret Witt; Puzzled as to Peyton's mother; Frank Wilkes, Peyton Wilkes born; Learned trade of tanner; Enlisted 1813; Married; Emigrated to- Kentucky; To Indiana; ToMissouri; Liked liquor Page 13 CHAPTER lIStart to Oregon; Detained at Independence; Capt. Blankenship's train; With Cornelius family crossing the plains; Thought littleof. episodes; Hardy, stouted-hearted set; Must read of Fremont's path finding; Buffalo stampede; Duke Wilkes' death; Grave violated; Made a track where none had been; Trek without prallel; Blue Mountains; Road very difficult; Knew Tetherow Pagel7 CHAPTER IllCould not remain at The Dalles; Snowed in on Mt. Hood; McLoughlin sent Ellis to rescue; Outfit lost; One horse brought thrcugh; Deep snow; Ford Sandy; No food; Gordon - poem; First vzinter at Milwaukie; Loved McLoughlin_ Page 21 CHAPTER IVL'véd. on boiled wheat; McLoughlin put humanitty above patrictism; Indians praiseworthy; Settled on Dairy Creek; Grandma never idle; - Good cook; Dutch oven; Peach lather; Beaver tails; Stealing peaches; Continue on to Pacific; Isaac Leisey