Irakli Charkviani, Chose Pseudonym the Who of ‘King’ the Inhis Last Ment Is Constructive, Other the We Destructive
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Muslim Communities of Georgia
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA Muslim Communities of Georgia: External Influences and Domestic Challenges A MASTER’S ESSAY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS BY AMALYA FLJYAN YEREVAN, ARMENIA MAY 2015 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….....4 Islam in Georgia: Background .…………………………………………………..……..6 Chapter 1: Literature Review…………………………………………………………………..8 Research Methodology………………………………………………………………………..14 Chapter 2: External Influences and Muslim Communities of Georgia.……………………....15 2.1 Turkey…………………………………………………………………………......15 2.2 Azerbaijan…………………………………………………………………………28 2.3 Iran………………………………………………………………………………...40 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………...…….45 Bibliography……………………………………………....…………………………………...47 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to people who supported me throughout the whole process of work on my Master’s Essay. First and foremost I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Vahram Ter-Matevosyan. This work would not be possible without his constant support, patience, energy and dedication. The guidance and encouragement provided throughout the whole period of work on my research contributed to the overall development of my work. I was very fortunate to work with you. Further, I would like to thank the American University of Armenia and the Department of Political Science and International Affairs for creating perfect environment for academic studies. I would like specially thank Dr. Yevgenya Paturyan for her help, support and guidance during the course on Research Design. Your advice was very valuable during the first period of work on our Master’s essays. I would like to thank the Program Chair of the Department of Political Science and International for his work as program chair and support in academic endeavors. -
Conciliation Resources Front Cover: People Displaced from Gali Region in Abkhazia
Out of the margins Securing a voice for internally displaced people: lessons from Georgia 2009 conciliation resources Front cover: People displaced from Gali region in Abkhazia. They have lived for the past 16 years in this unfinished building used as a collective centre in the neighbouring Zugdidi region. They can see the fields of Gali from there. All photographs were taken by Dato Meskhi, except where indicated. Contents Summary 4 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Internal displacement: pasts, futures and the present 6 2 Internal displacement in Georgia 10 2.1 Numbers and waves of displacement 10 2.2 Separateness and alienation 11 2.3 Return to the Gali district 13 2.4 Political context for the project 13 3 Displaced communities and political inclusion in Georgia 15 3.1 Inclusion as a separate community with dedicated institutions 15 3.2 Inclusion as individuals in the mainstream of Georgian politics 16 4 Aims and progress of the project 18 4.1 Brief description of the project 18 4.2 Working as a network 18 4.3 Working with displaced people 20 4.4 Working with government 20 4.5 The advocacy group 21 5 Specific issues 24 5.1 Integration 24 5.2 Interaction with mainstream party politics 26 5.3 Working on conflict 29 6 The August war 32 6.1 Emotional impact of the war and responses 33 7 Conclusions 36 Acknowledgements 38 Summary Over 200,000 ethnic Georgians remain displaced from • entrenched corruption within the government- their homes since the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict in the early in-exile 1990s. -
Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region
CBEES State of the Region Report 2020 Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region Published with support from the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies (Östersjstiftelsen) Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region December 2020 Publisher Centre for Baltic and East European Studies, CBEES, Sdertrn University © CBEES, Sdertrn University and the authors Editor Ninna Mrner Editorial Board Joakim Ekman, Florence Frhlig, David Gaunt, Tora Lane, Per Anders Rudling, Irina Sandomirskaja Layout Lena Fredriksson, Serpentin Media Proofreading Bridget Schaefer, Semantix Print Elanders Sverige AB ISBN 978-91-85139-12-5 4 Contents 7 Preface. A New Annual CBEES Publication, Ulla Manns and Joakim Ekman 9 Introduction. Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past, David Gaunt and Tora Lane 15 Background. Eastern and Central Europe as a Region of Memory. Some Common Traits, Barbara Trnquist-Plewa ESSAYS 23 Victimhood and Building Identities on Past Suffering, Florence Frhlig 29 Image, Afterimage, Counter-Image: Communist Visuality without Communism, Irina Sandomirskaja 37 The Toxic Memory Politics in the Post-Soviet Caucasus, Thomas de Waal 45 The Flag Revolution. Understanding the Political Symbols of Belarus, Andrej Kotljarchuk 55 Institutes of Trauma Re-production in a Borderland: Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania, Per Anders Rudling COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 69 Germany. The Multi-Level Governance of Memory as a Policy Field, Jenny Wstenberg 80 Lithuania. Fractured and Contested Memory Regimes, Violeta Davoliūtė 87 Belarus. The Politics of Memory in Belarus: Narratives and Institutions, Aliaksei Lastouski 94 Ukraine. Memory Nodes Loaded with Potential to Mobilize People, Yuliya Yurchuk 106 Czech Republic. -
Georgian Country and Culture Guide
Georgian Country and Culture Guide მშვიდობის კორპუსი საქართველოში Peace Corps Georgia 2017 Forward What you have in your hands right now is the collaborate effort of numerous Peace Corps Volunteers and staff, who researched, wrote and edited the entire book. The process began in the fall of 2011, when the Language and Cross-Culture component of Peace Corps Georgia launched a Georgian Country and Culture Guide project and PCVs from different regions volunteered to do research and gather information on their specific areas. After the initial information was gathered, the arduous process of merging the researched information began. Extensive editing followed and this is the end result. The book is accompanied by a CD with Georgian music and dance audio and video files. We hope that this book is both informative and useful for you during your service. Sincerely, The Culture Book Team Initial Researchers/Writers Culture Sara Bushman (Director Programming and Training, PC Staff, 2010-11) History Jack Brands (G11), Samantha Oliver (G10) Adjara Jen Geerlings (G10), Emily New (G10) Guria Michelle Anderl (G11), Goodloe Harman (G11), Conor Hartnett (G11), Kaitlin Schaefer (G10) Imereti Caitlin Lowery (G11) Kakheti Jack Brands (G11), Jana Price (G11), Danielle Roe (G10) Kvemo Kartli Anastasia Skoybedo (G11), Chase Johnson (G11) Samstkhe-Javakheti Sam Harris (G10) Tbilisi Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Workplace Culture Kimberly Tramel (G11), Shannon Knudsen (G11), Tami Timmer (G11), Connie Ross (G11) Compilers/Final Editors Jack Brands (G11) Caitlin Lowery (G11) Conor Hartnett (G11) Emily New (G10) Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Compilers of Audio and Video Files Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Irakli Elizbarashvili (IT Specialist, PC Staff) Revised and updated by Tea Sakvarelidze (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator) and Kakha Gordadze (Training Manager). -
Natural Resource Management and Factors Conducive to Elite Corruption
Association Green Alternative is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded in 2000. The mission of Green Alternative is to protect the environment, biological and cultural heritage of Georgia through promoting economically sound and socially acceptable alternatives, establishing the principles of environmental and social justice and upholding public access to information and decision-making processes. We organize our work around six thematic and five cross- cutting areas. Thematic priority areas include: energy – extractive industry – climate change; transport sector and environment; privatization and environment; biodiversity conservation; waste management; water management. Cross-cutting priority areas include: environmental gover- nance; public access to information, decision-making and justice; instruments for environmental management and sustainable development; European Neighbourhood Policy, monitoring of the lending of the international finan- Natural Resource Management and cial institutions and international financial flow in Georgia. Factors Conducive to Elite Corruption Green Alternative cooperates with non-governmental organizations both inside and outside Georgia. In 2001 Green Alternative, along with other local and international non-governmental organizations, founded a network of observers devoted to monitoring of development of a poverty reduction strategy in Georgia. Since 2002 Green Alternative has been monitoring implementation of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline project, its compliance with the policies and guidelines of the international finan- cial institutions, the project’s impacts on the local popula- tion and the environment. Since 2005 the organization has been a member of the Monitoring Coalition of the ENP (European Neighbourhood Policy) Action Plan. In 2006 Green Alternative founded an independent forest monitor- ing network. Since establishment Green Alternative is a member of CEE Bankwatch Network – one of the stron- gest networks of environmental NGOs in Central and East- ern Europe. -
Film Education (Levan Koghuashvili, Maia Gugunava, Tato Kotetishvili) 139 1001 Ingredients for Making Films from Nana Jorjadze 146
~ editors letter ~ The year of 2015 started with our becoming members of the Creative Europe, while by the end of the year, with the purpose of supporting the cinema industry, Geor- gian government introduced a cash rebate system, we have been working on since 2009. I believe both of these initiatives will make a huge contribution to the develop- ment of our industry. 1 In 2016, movies of different genres will be released. It is notable that three feature films among those are directed by women. Projects we are currently working on are very important. We have announced new types of competitions on script development, including comedy and children’s movies, adaptation of Georgian prose of the 21st century, scripts dedicated to the 100th anniver- sary of Georgia’s independence, and animation. Winners are given long- term work- shops by European script doctors, so 2016 will be dedicated to the script development. The young generation has become active in the field: we had premieres of six short films and a short film by Data Pirtskhalava “Father” was the winner of the main prize in this category at Locarno International Film Festival. Other films – “Ogasavara”, “Fa- ther”, “Exit”, “Preparation”, “The First Day” – are also participating at different festivals. Masters of Georgian cinema are also making films side-by-side with the young genera- tion. I have to mention a film by Rezo Esadze “Day as a Month” with its extraordinary nar- rative structure and visualaspect, which will take its noteworthy place in our film collection. One of the most important goals this year will be to return Georgian cinema heritage from archives in Moscow and design a suitable storage facility for it. -
Forimmediate Release
FFOROR IIMMEDIATMMEDIATE RRELEASEELEASE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY ART MUSEUM AND PACIFIC FILM ARCHIVE Media Contact: Karen Larsen [email protected] (415) 957-1205 Discovering Georgian Cinema A COPRESENTATION WITH THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART BAM/PFA AND MOMA COLLABORATE ON THE LARGEST RETROSPECTIVE OF GEORGIAN CINEMA EVER IN THE US; SERIES FEATURES APPROXIMATELY FIFTY FILMS AND SPANS MORE THAN A CENTURY OF FILMMAKING; BERKELEY PRESENTATION OPENS IN LATE SEPTEMBER AND CONTINUES THROUGH SPRING 2015 August 25, 2014, Berkeley, CA – The University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAM/PFA) and The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) are proud to present Discovering Georgian Cinema, the largest retrospective of Georgian film ever mounted in North America. A collaboration between BAM/PFA and MoMA, the series spans more than a Giorgi Shengelaia’s Pirosmani (1969) century of filmmaking, from 1907 through 2014. The retrospective demonstrates a dazzling range of stylistic approaches and thematic concerns, from antibureaucratic satires of the Soviet system to philosophical studies rooted in a humanist tradition and lyrical depictions of Georgia’s spectacular landscape. BAM/PFA and MoMA will run concurrent programs this fall. The exhibition is organized by BAM/PFA Senior Film Curator Susan Oxtoby and Jytte Jensen, Curator, Department of Film, MoMA. Mailing Address: 2625 Durant Avenue #2250 Berkeley, California 94720-2250 bampfa.berkeley.edu The BAM/PFA presentation gets underway on September 26 and continues through spring 2015. Including approximately fifty programs, the series showcases the strength of BAM/PFA’s own Soviet Georgian collection, as well as rare prints from international archives. Screenings at the PFA Theater will feature special guests, including filmmakers and authorities on Georgian cinema and culture. -
Representation of Political Forces in the Legislative Body of Georgia in the Period Between 1990 and 2016
Representation of Political Forces in the Legislative Body of Georgia in the period between 1990 and 2016 Since 1990, parliamentary elections have taken place nine times in Georgia. The ones held in 2016 resulted in election of the Parliament of the 9th convocation by the population of Georgia. 2016 parliamentary elections brought along concerns whether concentration of the constitutional majority in a single party in the legislative body is well justified or vice versa, whether diversity of political parties can lead to positive outcomes for the country. According to the Election Code of Georgia, a subject which represents a registered party, an election bloc, an initiative group of voters or independent candidate to majoritarian membership is entitled to run for elections. Transparency International – Georgia explored representation of political forces in the legislative body of Georgia in the period between 1990 and 2016 as well as number of elected members and election threshold stipulated by the law. ● The 2nd convocation of Parliament (1992-1995), with 24 parties overcoming the election threshold, was the one with the greatest number of political subjects. ● In terms of the number of MPs, the Supreme Council with 247 members was the most numerous. ● 2% represented the lowest election threshold, whereas 7% - the highest. ● The parliament of the 8th convocation (2012-2016) included just two election subjects, though the bloc “Georgian Dream” was comprised of six parties. th ● Since 1990, including the parliament of the 8 c onvocation, the legislative body has had 1216 members ● The following members were most frequently represented in different convocations of the Parliament: Akaki Bobokhidze (member of six convocations) and Giorgi Baramidze (member of five convocations) Number of MPs in the legislative body and the election threshold Number of elected MPs as well as the election threshold have experienced a number of changes over time along with amendments to the law. -
Saqartvelos Inteleqtualuri Sakutrebis Erovnuli Centris Saqpatentis Perioduli Gamocema Saqartvelo Gamodis Sam Tvesiiertxel © Saqpatenti, 2014
gazafxuli SPRING #7 2014 saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centris saqpatentis perioduli gamocema saqarTvelo gamodis sam TveSiIerTxel © saqpatenti, 2014 PERIODICAL PUBLICATION OF NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CENTER OF GEORGIA “SAKPATENTI” GEORGIA PUBLISHED QUARTERLY dabeWdilia saqpatentis poligrafiaSi PRINTED AT SAKPATENTI PUBLISHING HOUSE mis.: 0179, Tbilisi, nino ramiSvilis q. 31 ADDRESS: 0179 TBILISI, NINO RAMISHVILI STR. 31 © SAKPATENTI, 2014 tel.: (+995 32) 291-71-82 TEL.: (+995 32) 291-71-82 www.sakpatenti.org.ge [email protected] Tavmjdomaris sveti CHAIRMAN’S COLUMN Dear Reader, 26 April is the World Intellectual Property Day. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) celebrates this date since 2001 and every year defines the theme and slogan of the day. This year the World Intellectual Property Day is dedicated to cinematography Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, and, respectively, to the people working in this field, 26 aprili inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis msoflio who indeed deserve universal admiration by their work. dRea. am dRes inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis msof And the slogan Movies – A Global Passion, selected by lio organizacia (ismo) 2001 wlidan aRniSnavs da WIPO for this day, is very accurate. yovelwliurad gansazRvravs masTan dakavSirebul Cinematography has always been a sensitive and re Tematikasa da slogans. wels es dRe mieZRvna kine levant issue for Georgia. At the Georgian Film Archives matografias da, Sesabamisad, am sferoSi moRvawe ada numerous films are preserved which have gained mianebs, romlebic Tavisi SemoqmedebiT marTlac sa international recognition as the best directing, acting, yovelTao aRtacebas iwveven. Zalian zustia am dRisTvis SerCeuli sloganic _ „kino _ sayovelTao aRtaceba“. artistic or musical works. It is extremely important that kinematografiis Tema yovelTvis Zalian mgrZno this high standard of Georgian cinematography was biare da aqtualuri iyo saqarTvelosTvis. -
Géorgie 1985-1995 Economie Et Transition
Géorgie 1985-1995 Economie et transition Kevin Tuite hiver 2014 Uprisings & protests in the Georgian SSR • Uprising against Soviet rule in Aug-Sept 1924 (10K + killed in fighBng or executed aerwards) • Demonstraons on 3rd anniversary of Stalin’s death, 6-9 March 1956 (100-200 killed by Transcaucasian Military District troops) • Demonstraon in support of the official status of the Georgian language, 14 April 1978 AWempted hijacking of Aeroflot airliner, 18-19 November 1983 (3 hijackers & 5 others killed at airport; 3 hijackers & priest executed 3 Oct 1984) The Perestroika Years (1985-1989) • Economy • Society • Culture & educaon • Religion « Taux de change » mulBples: 1. Rouble vs. $ (taux officiel, marché noir) 2. Heures de travail (1 R = 0,5-1 h) 3. « Indice des prix à la consommaon » Prix de la nourriture en 1985-86 • Prix officiel en roubles sovéques • Prix en $ selon le taux de change officiel • Prix en $ selon le taux du marché noir • Heures de travail (salaire mensuel de 300R) Prix du transport et de produits culturels Prix du marché noir (produits importés) • Burda: catalogue de mode avec patrons de couture Social rituals: the banquet (supra) • (L) Birthday party in Tbilisi, Janury 1986 • (R) impromptu supra inside medieval church in SvaneB, June 1988 Pre-perestroika Georgian cinema • 1980 La migraon des moineaux (Beghurebis gadaprena, Temur Babluani) • 1981 Le nageur (Motsurave, Irakli Kvirikadze) • 1983 Les montagnes bleues (Tsisperi mtebi, Eldar Shengelaia) • 1983-86 RepenBr (Monanieba, Tengiz Abuladze; début du tournage, avec Gega Kobakhidze -
Abkhazia: the Long Road to Reconciliation
Abkhazia: The Long Road to Reconciliation Europe Report N°224 | 10 April 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Political Realities in Abkhazia .......................................................................................... 3 A. Russia’s Military Presence ......................................................................................... 3 B. Russian Financial Dependence .................................................................................. 6 C. Property and Other Disputes ..................................................................................... 8 III. Overcoming Obstacles in the Georgia-Russia Standoff and Abkhazia ........................... 12 A. Georgia-Russia Relations .......................................................................................... 12 B. The Geneva International Discussions and Humanitarian Issues ............................ 13 C. The Non-Use of Force ............................................................................................... -
The Myth of Red Messiah, Deconstructed Nationalism And
Vilnius Academy of Arts Photography and media arts department Giorgi Papalashvili’s MA degree theoretical work: The myth of red messiah, Deconstructed nationalism and story telling Author of the work: Giorgi Papalashvili Supervisor of the work: Laima Kreivyte Reviewer: Auridas Gajauskas Vilnius, 2014 1 Summary A Georgian monk Ioane Zosime in his 10th century poem predicted, that on the second coming of the Messiah he will judge the world in Georgian language. It has become the future telling of the Georgian nation. The interlacement of political power and religion in the stories being told in this crossroad between Asia and Europe is the reason why by now Georgian Orthodox Church and Stalinism adore each other. In my work “Red Messiah” I investigate this phenomenon and construct a storytelling situation based on chance, various object and events from Georgia. 2 Contents Introduction 4 Red messiah 6 Caucasian Clay Circle 19 Barbare Rafaliantsi case 24 Where your heart beats 28 Conclusion 34 Bibliography 35 3 Introduction In the end of 20th century globally one of the most important appearances was the collapse of Soviet Union, which is seen as the mirror and culmination of fast social changes. In 1991 Enton Giddens wrote: “today we live in an epoch which characterizes with huge social changes that is radically different from the changes of previous epochs”. The changes were sudden and fast for the nations of Eastern Europe. One day they woke up not in huge communist union but in capitalist world. For some of the countries this move was so shocking that they still can’t decline the hidden communist mentality but on the same time living as independent democratic states.