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3D Druck: Grundlagen Und Ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in Der Medizin Gliederung

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3D Druck: Grundlagen Und Ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in Der Medizin Gliederung 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte 3D Druck:Anwendungsbeispiele Grundlagen und in der ausgewählte Medizin Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Vorbereitet für: Marketing Club Berlin e.V. Bülowstraße 66, 10783 Berlin Präsentation im: MotionLab ML GmbH Bouchéstrasse 12, Halle 20, 12435 Berlin Vorbereitet von: Martin G. Bernhard Gastprofessor an der Staatlichen Universität von Montes Claros Dipl.-Ing. (Dipl.-Wirtschaftsing.), M.B.A. Eiswerderstr. 18, Geb. 148 13585 Berlin Berlin, den 27. Juni 2018 27. Juni 2018 Martin G. Bernhard Page 1 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Gliederung 1. 3D Druck: historischer Überblick u. Einführung 1 2. Beispiele für Anwendungsfelder in der Medizin 10 3. Ausblick 19 27. Juni 2018 Martin G. Bernhard Seite 2 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Meilensteine des 3D-Drucks (1): Erstes Patent bereits 1987 mit dem Stereolithographie Aperatus von Charles Hull. Das erste Patent erhielt Charles Hull Prinzip eines SLA -Druckers: ( 3D Systems) für seinen Eine dünne Schicht flüssiger Harz in einer "Stereolithography Aperatus" (1987), Wanne wird schichtweise durch eine SLA 3D Drucker. lichtaktivierte Polymerisation auf einer Platte gehärtet die sich langsam nach unten schiebt. 2007, Ablauf des Patentschutzes: Formlab und später Sharebot und weitere Firmen brachten SLA Drucker auf den Markt. Gehärtetes Kunstharz Bauteile werden Schicht für Schicht, additiv aufgebaut. Flüssiges Kunstharz Heute können so z.B. Wanne Handtaschen gefertigt: werden => https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=-3Enqtrl5Xk Quelle(n): 1) Terry Wohlers - Early Research & Development , 2005. 2)27. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Hull Juni 2018 Martin G. Bernhard Seite 3 and Charles Hull (Charles W. Hull): Stereolithography (3D Printing). Inductees. National Inventors Hall of Fame. Retrieved 4 March 2014. 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Meilensteine des 3D-Drucks (2): Nach dem SLA-Drucker folgte das Patent für den FDM- Drucker von Scott Crump. Prinzip eines Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Scott Crump (=> Stratasys) erhielt 1989 das Druckers (Schmelzfadendrucker): Patent für den "FDM" 3D Drucker (= Fused Deposition Modeling) Ein Plastikfaden wird erhitzt und durch eine Düse / Öffnung auf eine Plattform ausgestossen, um Erhitzer Z schichtweise ein Objekt zu erzeugen. Es wird häufig (X- u. Y-Richtung) mit zwei Rollen, für Bau- und Stützmaterial gearbeitet. Y X Ausstoßdüse 2009, Ablauf des Patentschutzes: Makerbot wurde gegründet. Weitere Hersteller für „Makerbot“ folgten Stützmaterial und bauten 3D Drucker für div. Kundensegmente. Objekt Schaumplatte Bauplattform Stütz- (Z-Richtung) Material Video Baumaterial Druck des Chassies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKkXRlli-aw Quelle(n):27. Juni 2018 Terry Wohlers - Early Research & Development , 2005. FDM- Fused Deposition Modeling = Markenname von StratasysMartin sowie FFF- G. FusedBernhard Filament Fabrication (RepRap Community). Seite 4 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Meilensteine des 3D-Drucks (3): 2002 - Prof. Neil Gershenfeld vom MIT stellte das Konzept für das erste "FabLab" vor. 2002: Erstes FabLab von Neil Ein FabLab (= Fabrikation und Labor) ist eine Werkstatt, die Gershenfeld am MIT vorgestellt. Fertigungsmöglichkeiten für jeden anbietet. Häufig für Start-ups, Firmen und interessierte Maker. MIT-Professor Neil Gershenfeld Das erste FabLab wurde 2002 von Neil Gershenfeld am Massachusetts spricht über sein Fab Lab: Institute of Technology (MIT) eröffnet. http://www.ted.com/talks/neil_ge Die FabLabs etablierten weltweit die schnell wachsende "Maker" Bewegung. Heute existieren weltweit mehr als 1.000 FabLabs). rshenfeld_on_fab_labs Typische Geräte in einem FabLabs sind •3D-Drucker, •Laserschneider, CNC-Maschinen, Pressen zum Fräsen, um eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Materialien und Werkstücke zu bearbeiten,... Es existiert eine FabLab Charter sowie Vorschläge für die Ausstattung, den Gerätepark, das erforderliche Personal und Spielregeln um als „FabLab“ im Markt aufzutreten. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fab_lab 27.http://www.ted.com/talks/neil_gershenfeld_on_fab_labs Juni 2018 Martin G. Bernhard Seite 5 Dr. Adrian Bowyer at University of Bath - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Bowyer http://www.reprap.org/wiki/RepRap 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Eine 3D Datei wird direkt in ein 3 dimensionales Objekt in einem additive Verfahren, Schicht für Schicht, überführt bzw. gedruckt. Das digitale Modell wird direkt gedruckt. Ausgangspunkt ist Die 3D Datei im STL Der 3D-Drucker folgt Das gedruckte Produkt eine 3D Datei, Format wird lkonvertiert dem G-Code und wird fast ohne z.B. im STL Format. (mit einem „Slicer“) in druckt Schicht für Materialverschwendung eine für den 3D Drucker Schicht das digitale hergestellt. verständliche Sprache, Modell dem G-Code Begriffsentwicklung In den 80er und 90er Ca. 2010 – heute: 90er Jahre - heute : Jahren: „Rapid „Additive Manufacturing“ „3D printing“ Prototyping“ oder „AM“ 27. Juni 2018 Martin G. Bernhard Seite 6 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin 3D printing / Additv Manufacturing: vom 3D Modell bis zum Schicht für Schicht ausgedruckten 3D Objekt. • Mehr als 30 3D bzw. AM Technologien (2D Druck 2 Technologien: Tintenstrahl- und Laserdrucker) für verschiedene Anwendungen. Diese 30 3D bzw. AM Technologien sind nach ISO und der ASTM in 7 Technologiegruppen eingeteilt. • Mehr als 1.000 Imputmaterialien sind für den Druck verfügbar. (Plastik, Metalle, Papier, flüssige Paste zur Herstellung von essbaren Produkten, ...). - Inputmaterialien Druckertechnologien. - Häufig liefert der 3D Drucksystemhersteller auch die Inputmaterialien. • Weitere Begriffe: "Bioprinting“, "Nanoprinting“, „4D Druck“ (für intelligente Materialien ) und „5D Druck“. • 3D Druck Größenbereiche: Druck von Häusern (102 Meter) bis zum Druck von DNA (DNA Fäden: Durchmesser: 2x10-9 Meter bzw. zwei Nanometer) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaGEjrADGPA • Millionen von 3D-Dateien sind im Internet zu finden, darunter viele 3D-Dateien kostenlos Suchmaschinen für 3D Dateien: www.yeggi.com/, www.yobi3d.com/, www.ifind3d.com/, Darunter auch Marktplätze für die Medizin: z.B. - http://www.bioverse.co/, - https://www.embodi3d.com/ - 3D Modell Community für Mediziner + Convert Medical Scans to 3D Printable Models Quelle(n): 1) One example which generates waste in the 3D printing process: „ Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing “Ultrasonic object consolidation. US Patent 6,519,500 B1 Company: Ultrasonic Consolidation. Fabrisonic: SonicLayer 4000 – Hybrid additive/subtractive system - Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=38&v=5s0J-7W4i6s 2) 27.http://www.aniwaa.com/best-sites-download-free-stl-files-3d Juni 2018 models-and-3d-printable-files-3d-printing/)Martin G. Bernhard Seite 7 4D-Printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMJXzPiJkH8 5D-Printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-l2XAkZxVg 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Insgesamt untergliedern die Normungsinstitute ASTM und ISO die 3D Drucktechnologien in 7 Technologiegruppen unter denen sich über 30 Einzeltechnologien befinden (1). Prozessklassen Pos. nach ASTM u. ISO Kurze Erklärung Abkürz. AM Verfahren Hersteller 1 SL Stereolithographie 3D Systems (US), Formlabs (US) DLP Digital Light Processing Ein flüssiger Photopolymer wird CLIP Continuous Liquid Processing VAT schichtweise in einer Wanne LCM Lithography based Ceramic Manufacturing gehärtet (Polymerisation) durch Polymerisation eine Lichtquelle (z.B. Lampe, Laserstrahl oder Holographie) M&N SL Micro Stereolithography, Nano Stereolithography 2 Tintenstrahl Druckköpfe bringen einen BJ Binder Jetting 3D Systems (US), Stratasys, flüssigen Kleber auf dünne Schichten von Pulver. Durch das Binder Jetting Zusammenkleben des Pulvers und der einzelnen Schichten entsteht das Objekt. 3DP Three Dimensional Printing 3 PP Polymer Printing ExOne, Voxeljet Tintenstrahl-Druckköpfe sprühen geschmolzenes Material (häufig NPJ Nano Particle Jetting Material Jetting Wachs-materialien) auf, welches dann abkühlt und erstarrt und so ein Objekt entsteht. GDP Gel Dispensed Printing Stratasys (inkl. Makerbot FDM / Fused Deposition Modeling (Schmelzfadenverfahren) (Stratasys - US), Sharebot, Ein Plastikfaden wird erhitzt und FFM Fused Filament Fabrication BigRap, Markforged (US), durch eine Düse / Öffnung auf eine WDM Wachs Depostion Modeling Material Extrusion Plattform ausgestossen, um 4 schichtweise ein Objekt zu CC Contour Crafting WinSun (China) erzeugen. AKF Airburg Kunststoff Freiformen Airburg Quellen:27. Angelehnt Juni 2018 an ISO und ASTM. ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials Martin G. Bernhard Seite 8 https://www.astm.org/industry/additive-manufacturing-overview.html Die aktuelles Version der Namenseinteilung findet man unter der ISO/ASTM-Norm 52900 3D Druck: Grundlagen und ausgewählte Anwendungsbeispiele in der Medizin Insgesamt untergliedern die Normungsinstitute ASTM und ISO die 3D Drucktechnologien in 7 Technologiegruppen unter denen sich über 30 Einzeltechnologien befinden (2). Prozessklassen Pos. nach ASTM u. ISO Kurze Erklärung Abkürz. AM Verfahren Hersteller 5 SLM Selective Laser Melting SLM Solutions, Concept Laser 3D Systems, EOS Systems, SLS Selective Laser Sintering Long Yuan LBM Laser Beam Melting (Laserstrahlschmelzen) Mit Thermalenergie wird Electron Beam Melting selectiv Lage für Lage in Powder Bed
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