Trends in the Domain of Rapid Rototyping: a Review

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Trends in the Domain of Rapid Rototyping: a Review Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 ISSN 2278 – 0149 www.ijmerr.com Vol. 3, No. 3, July, 2014 © 2014 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved Review Article TRENDS IN THE DOMAIN OF RAPID ROTOTYPING: A REVIEW Manu Srivastava*1, Utkarsh Singh1 and Ramkrishna Yashaswi2 *Corresponding Author: Manu Srivastava [email protected] RP answers the need of green manufacturing which is the need of hour in the manufacturing sector. A large number of commercially viable RP techniques are available in the market today. This paper attempts to introduce and review the newer RP technologies. It summarizes the applications of different commercial RP technologies available. It finally recognizes the current challenges in this field and suggests probable solutions based on extensive literature survey. Keywords: RP, SLS, SLA, 3DP, SDM, LENS, FDM, RP classification, RP applications INTRODUCTION green manufacturing which are different In product design, prototyping is an impera- names for this automatic prototyping tive final step. Prototyping requires design, (Debasish Dutta et al., 2001). Advent of RP fabrication and testing of final product design. is a watershed event similar to advent of CNC This practice started with manual prototyping tools almost 3 decades ago (John Michael then extended to prototyping with soft curves and presently prototyping is done with the Brock et al., 2012).This marks an era of aid of computers and is called rapid introduction of flexible automation. This prototyping. RP/LM is accomplished by layer- process tremendously reduces the design on-layer material deposition. This started cycle time especially for intricate and during early 1980s with massive complicated jobs. improvement in CAD/CAM technologies. Despite this tremendous growth in this The current trend is the direct manufacturing of physical objects starting field, there are numerous challenges to be from 3D CAD models without any classical dealt in this field. While outlining the problems tools. This is termed rapid prototyping, solid in RP applications; this paper also highlights freeform fabrication, layered manufacturing, the applications. 1 Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New Delhi. 2 Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad. 747 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 WORKING STEPS REQUIREMENTS 4. Merging 1. Geometric modeling 5. Building the model 2. Data transfer and CAD interface 6. Starting the machine 3. Slicing 7. Final post curing and finishing works CONVENTIONAL CLASSIFICATION Figure 1: Conventional Classification of RP Processes Layered Manufacturing Processes (On basis of raw material state in compliance with Kruth Classification) Gaseous Solid Liquid Paste Foil Chemical Wire Reaction LCVD Paste Lamp Solid Multi Polymerizatio Ground Componen n Process Curing Layered Heat Fused Layer t Powder Laminate Thermal Modelling & d Polymerizati Ballistic Part Solid Foil Light of on Manufacturing Polymerizati One on frequency 3D Printing Selective (Topograph Laser y Sintering Holographic interference Laser Beam solidification Stereo lithography An alternative approach to classification is suggested by D.T. Pham, R.S. Gault Figure 2: Alternative Classification of RP Processes Rapid Prototyping Addition of Removal of Material Material Liquid Discrete Particles Fusing of Solid particles using Sheet Laser Solidification of Molten Material Bonding of Solidification of sheets using Solidification a Liquid light of Electro set Polymer Bonding of Fluid sheets using Layer Joining of Point adhesives by Particles Layer by using Binder Point Holographic Surface Point by Layer by Point Layer 748 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 RAPID PROTOTYPING conventional machining processes (H S Cho TECHNIQUES et al., 2000). SLA fabricates parts without Stereo Lithography intermediate tooling, directly from a CAD It is a rapid prototyping technique that model, in the opposite direction to gravity. involves photo polymerization that draws or Support structure is required to hold the prints on a photo curable resin, the cross stacked layer and resin during the fabrication section of a model. This is a recent technique process. The stair -stepping effect occurs by that attracted much attention because of its staking layers when fabrication on an inclined ability to make wide range of products with surface (Ho-Chan Kima and Seok-Hee Lee, high accuracy. However, the dimensional 2005). accuracy produced is not better than Figure 3: Stereo Lithography Apparatus X-Y scanning mirror Laser source Layered part Laser beam Elevator for Building platform vertical motion set to move in vertical direction Sweeper for leveling the current layer Liquid polymer Selective Laser Sintering process is repeated so that entire stack of 2- A freeform, additive manufacturing process D layers is created and bonding takes place that uses laser on power beds to create 3-D to form the original 3-D CAD solid model (E models. Its starting point is a 3-D CAD model O Olakanmi, 2013). of part geometry out of which 2-D stack of layers are derived which represent the part. Electron Beam Melting A laser spot is created by scanning over the It is an additive manufacturing process, which cross sectional area to create each layer, forms a 3D object based on a computer which results in sintering, melting and model by utilizing an electron beam to melt bonding particles in a lamina. The same alloyed metal powder layer by layer. This 749 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 technique unlike conventional techniques, with various material, including Co-Cr-Mo anticipates microstructure and properties of Alloy (R S Kircher et al., 2009).The parts are EBM produced material. It is emerging as a build up in a vacuum chamber. Later the parts method for production of orthopedic devices are cleaned by conventional techniques Figure 4: SLS Machine Setup X-Y scanning mirror Laser Laser beam Sintered part Levelling roller Powder bed Powder feed supply Platform and piston arrangement for vertical motion Electron Beam Melting EBM produced material. It is emerging as a It is an additive manufacturing process, which method for production of orthopedic devices forms a 3D object based on a computer with various material, including Co-Cr-Mo model by utilizing an electron beam to melt Alloy [32].The parts are build up in a vacuum alloyed metal powder layer by layer. This chamber. Later the parts are cleaned by con- technique unlike conventional techniques, ventional techniques anticipates microstructure and properties of Figure 5: Electron Beam Melting Setup Hopper Electron Material released from beam hopper Support material Work piece layer formation Piston arrangement for vertical motion 750 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 Solid Ground Curing application of the prototypes. However the It is a process is suitable for building parts in method offers very high fabrication rate with batch, with different dimensions and adequate accuracy, complexities lie high geometry. Although problems like quality, accusation rate and operating cost are the material properties and accuracy limit the biggest hurdles. Figure 6: Solid Ground Curing Process UV lamp with shutter UV rays Masked plate Liquid Polymer Wax Base Laser Stereo Lithography obtained from the CAD model but not in terms A wide variety of material can be processed of slices. It also has still not been commer- by high power laser. It uses ultraviolet laser cialized. as a source when applied to organic Laser Engineered Net Shaping compounds in a conventional process. In the It is a freeform fabrication process. It involves traditional approach the process of fabrication fully dense 3D shapes from laser processing and development of models allow curing of of ?ne powders, directly from a design model. part by exposing to UV light, leading to The LENS process makes near net shaped formation of 3D object. complex prototypes, leading to reduction in machining and time cost. The LENS process Holographic Interference can be used to deposit a variety of metals Solidification and alloys, such as 316 stainless steel, The entire surface is solidified by exposing titanium alloys and H13 steel nickel-base the resin to holographic image. The image is super alloys (J N DuPont, 2003). 751 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 Figure 7: Lens Setup Laser beam Focused lens Concentrated laser Powder delivery nozzle Work piece Melt pool Base Figure 8: Shape Deposition Modelling Shaping of the Support support deposition Embedding another component Part deposition Shaping the part 752 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Manu Srivastava et al., 2014 Shape Deposition Modelling Since the product is monolithic so no It creates metal parts with incremental boundary layers are there I end product, this deposition of metal and removal of material is in spite of the fact that the mold is built in as well. It adds the benefits of SFF and CNC. layers (A G Cooper et al., 1999). It produces parts with poor surface quality. The non-horizontal and vertical surfaces Three Dimensional Printing exhibit stair step effect. The mechanical It involves the creation of 3D object by properties are critical to layer boundaries depositing powder with the help of a liquid which are a potential source of defect. To binder. It is a very versatile process which solve these problems mold SDM was can make variety of complex models with developed which can build complex shaped different kinds of material. They have very parts. However, it uses CNC milling to shape low cost, high speed and wide application the surfaces effected by stair step effect. Figure 9: 3D Printing Machine control unit Leveling roller Inkjet print heads Support powder Part Platform along with piston for vertical movement Electro Setting Laser-Assisted Chemical Vapor Conductive Material like aluminum is used. Deposition After printing of all the layers, stacking is done Technique using gas phase conversion to and they are then immersed in electro setting solid structure with the help of pyro lytic fluid.
Recommended publications
  • All-Printed Smart Structures: a Viable Option? John O’Donnella, Farzad Ahmadkhanloub, Hwan-Sik Yoon*A, Gregory Washingtonb Adept
    All-printed smart structures: a viable option? John O’Donnella, Farzad Ahmadkhanloub, Hwan-Sik Yoon*a, Gregory Washingtonb aDept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870276, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA 35487-0276; bDept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA 92697-3975 ABSTRACT The last two decades have seen evolution of smart materials and structures technologies from theoretical concepts to physical realization in many engineering fields. These include smart sensors and actuators, active damping and vibration control, biomimetics, and structural health monitoring. Recently, additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing and printed electronics have received attention as methods to produce 3D objects or electronic components for prototyping or distributed manufacturing purposes. In this paper, the viability of manufacturing all-printed smart structures, with embedded sensors and actuators, will be investigated. To this end, the current 3D printing and printed electronics technologies will be reviewed first. Then, the plausibility of combining these two different additive manufacturing technologies to create all-printed smart structures will be discussed. Potential applications for this type of all-printed smart structures include most of the traditional smart structures where sensors and actuators are embedded or bonded to the structures to measure structural response and cause desired static and dynamic changes in the structure. Keywords: printed smart structures, 3D printing, printed electronics, printed strain sensor 1. INTRODUCTION Decades of research and development have seen the progression of a variety of different additive manufacturing processes [1]. From basic Fused Deposition modeling to the more intricate Energy Beam methods, the ability to print a diverse selection of structures, both complex and simple, on demand with accuracy and precision has become a reality.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Ultrasonic Energy Assisted Metal Processing : Its Correeltion with Microstructure and Properties, and Its Application to Additive Manufacturing
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2019 A study on ultrasonic energy assisted metal processing : its correeltion with microstructure and properties, and its application to additive manufacturing. Anagh Deshpande University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Manufacturing Commons, Metallurgy Commons, and the Other Materials Science and Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Deshpande, Anagh, "A study on ultrasonic energy assisted metal processing : its correeltion with microstructure and properties, and its application to additive manufacturing." (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3239. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3239 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY ON ULTRASONIC ENERGY ASSISTED METAL PROCESSING: ITS CORRELTION WITH MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES, AND ITS APPLICATION TO ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING By Anagh Deshpande A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the J.B. Speed School of Engineering of the University of Louisville in Fulfillment
    [Show full text]
  • Opas 3D-Tulostuksen Yleisimpiin Tekniikoihin Ja Niiden Haasteiden Ratkaisemiseen
    JOONAS KORTELAINEN Opas 3D-tulostuksen yleisimpiin tekniikoihin ja niiden haasteiden ratkaisemiseen AUTOMAATIOTEKNOLOGIAN KOULUTUSOHJELMA 2019 Tekijä(t) Julkaisun laji Päivämäärä Kortelainen, Joonas Opinnäytetyö, ylempi AMK Joulukuu 2019 Sivumäärä Julkaisun kieli 91 Suomi Julkaisun nimi Opas 3D-tulostuksen yleisimpiin tekniikoihin ja niiden haasteiden ratkaisemiseen Tutkinto-ohjelma Automaatioteknologian koulutusohjelma Tä ssä opinnäytetyössä tuotettiin opas 3D-tulostuksen yleisimpiin ongelmatilanteisiin ja niiden ratkaisemiseen. Käsiteltäviksi 3D-tulostusteknologioiksi valittiin FDM- ja MSLA-teknologiat niiden yleisyyden vuoksi. Tämä tutkimus toteutettiin konkreettisin menetelmin, kokeilemalla ja tuottamalla on- gelmatapauksia tarkoituksella, sekä ratkaisemalla niitä saatavilla olevin keinoin sekä kokemuksen tuoman ratkaisukeskeisen toimintatavan avulla. Tuloksena on tämä opinnäytetyön muotoon kirjoitettu opas valittujen 3D-tulostustek- niikoiden yleisimpiin ongelmiin ja niiden ratkaisuihin. Ratkaisut näihin ongelmiin on tuotu esille ytimekkäästi sekä konkreettisin askelein. Lopuksi oli hyvä huomata, kuinka paljon ongelmia 3D-tulostamisessa näillä valituilla teknologioilla oikeastaan on. Käsitellyt ongelmat ovat yleisimpiä näillä tulostusteknii- koilla esille tulevia ongelmia, mutta muitakin ongelmia saattaa esiintyä. Asiasanat 3D-tulostus, ongelmanratkaisu, 3D-tulostimet Author(s) Type of Publication Date Kortelainen, Joonas Master’s thesis December 2019 ThesisNumberAMK of pages Language of publication: 91 Finnish Title of publication
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Landscape for Additive Manufacturing Research
    THE CURRENT LANDSCAPE FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING RESEARCH A review to map the UK’s research activities in AM internationally and nationally 2016 ICL AMN report Dr. Jing Li Dr. Connor Myant Dr. Billy Wu Imperial College Additive Manufacturing Network Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 4 2. What is additive manufacturing? .................................................................................... 5 2.1. Advantages of additive manufacturing ......................................................................... 5 2.2. Types of additive manufacturing technology and challenges ........................................ 6 2.3. The manufacturing production chain and challenges ................................................... 9 2.4. Conclusions ................................................................................................................12 3. Mapping the international additive manufacturing research landscape ......................... 13 3.1. Global market trend ....................................................................................................13 3.1.1. Growth in market value ........................................................................................13 3.1.2 Additive manufacturing growth in industrial markets.............................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Metal Parts Using Additive Technologies
    3/3/2017 Fundamentals of Additive Manufacturing for Aerospace Frank Medina, Ph.D. Technology Leader, Additive Manufacturing Director, Additive Manufacturing Consortium [email protected] 915-373-5047 Intent of This Talk Introduce the general methods for forming metal parts using additive manufacturing Give multiple examples of each type of method Compare and contrast the methods given Disclaimer: – This talk serves as an introduction to the various additive manufacturing technologies which work with metals. There are so many methods available we will not have time to discuss them all. – Once you determine the right approach for you, please investigate different machine manufacturers and service providers to determine the optimal solution for your needs. – I have tried to be objective in the presentation. Where I can I have given the affiliations for the materials used. If I’ve missed any I apologize in advance. About me and EWI I am a Technology Leader at EWI specializing in additive manufacturing (AM) with a focus on Metals AM. I have over 17 years of AM experience, collaborating with research scientists, engineers, and medical doctors to develop new equipment and devices. Non-profit applied manufacturing R&D company ─ Develops, commercializes, and implements leading-edge manufacturing technologies for innovative businesses Thought-leader in many cross-cutting technologies ─ >160,000 sq-ft in 3 facilities with full-scale test labs (expanding) ─ >$40 million in state of the art capital equipment (expanding) ─ >170 engineers, technicians, industry experts (expanding) 1 3/3/2017 Structural Gap between Research and Application Technology Maturity Scale Source: NIST AMNPO presentation Oct. 2012 EWI Applied R&D Bridges the Gap Between Research and Application EWI Applied R&D: Manufacturing Technology Innovation, Maturation, Commercialization, Insertion Technology Maturity Scale Source: NIST AMNPO presentation Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct and Indirect Laser Sintering of Metals
    Direct and Indirect Laser Sintering of Metals By Montasser Marasy A. Dewidar A Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Mechanical Engineering Leeds UK May 2002 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. Abstract 11 ABSTRACT Manufacturing functional prototypes and tools using conventional methods usually is a time consuming procedure with multiple steps. The pressure to get products to market faster has resulted in the creation of several Rapid Prototyping (RP) techniques. However, potentially one of the most important areas of Rapid Manufacturing (RM) technology lies in the field of Rapid Tooling (RT). Layer manufacture technologies are gaining increasing attention in the manufacturing sector for the production of polymer mould tooling. Layer manufacture techniques can be used in this potential manufacturing area to produce tooling either indirectly or directly, and powder metal based layer manufacture systems are considered an effective way of producing rapid tooling. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is one of available layer manufacture technologies. SLS is a sintering process in which shaped parts are built up layer by layer from bottom to top of powder material. A laser beam scans the powder layer, filling in the outline of each layers CAD-image, and heats the selected powder to fuse it. This work reports the results of an experimental study examining the potential of layer manufacturing processes to deliver production metal tooling for manufacture of polymer components.
    [Show full text]
  • Additive Manufacturing: Analysis of the Economic Context and Evaluation of the Indoor Air Quality, with a Total Quality Management Approach
    DIPARTIMENTO DI ECONOMIA, SOCIETÀ, POLITICA CORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN Economia, Società, Diritto CURRICULUM Economia e Management CICLO XXXI Additive Manufacturing: analysis of the economic context and evaluation of the indoor air quality, with a Total Quality Management approach SETTORE SCIENTIFICO DISCIPLINARE: SECS-P/13-SCIENZE MERCEOLOGICHE RELATORE DOTTORANDA Chiar.ma Prof.ssa Federica Murmura Dott.ssa Laura Bravi CO TUTOR Ing. Francesco Balducci Anno Accademico 2017/2018 Summary INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: IS IT THE FUTURE? ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing ...................................................................... 10 1.2 The road towards Additive Manufacturing ................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Prehistory of AM .................................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 First attempts to modern AM ................................................................................. 16 1.2.3 The RepRap project ................................................................................................ 19 1.2.4 The Fab@Home project ......................................................................................... 23 1.3 AM today: 3D printing in the digitalization of manufacturing ..................................... 24 1.3.1 The main Additive Manufacturing
    [Show full text]
  • High-Precision and Innovative Additive Manufacturing Solutions Based on Photopolymerization Technology
    materials Review A New Approach to Micromachining: High-Precision and Innovative Additive Manufacturing Solutions Based on Photopolymerization Technology Paweł Fiedor 1 and Joanna Ortyl 1,2,* 1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; pawel.fi[email protected] 2 Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzy´nskiego14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 June 2020; Accepted: 29 June 2020; Published: 1 July 2020 Abstract: The following article introduces technologies that build three dimensional (3D) objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, also called additive manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, most important features supporting the conscious choice of 3D printing methods for applications in micro and nanomanufacturing are covered. The micromanufacturing method covers photopolymerization-based methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), the liquid crystal display–DLP coupled method, two-photon polymerization (TPP), and inkjet-based methods. Functional photocurable materials, with magnetic, conductive, or specific optical applications in the 3D printing processes are also reviewed. Keywords: 3D printing; high-resolution; additive manufacturing; photopolymerization; industry 4.0; stereolithography; two-photon polymerization 1. Introduction Three dimensional (3D) printing is currently an extremely important branch of Research and Development (R&D) departments. This is because of its rapid prototyping, swift elimination of design errors, and improvements of the product at the prototyping stage. This approach significantly accelerates the implementation of new solutions without incurring significant production costs and eliminating in-production testing of underdeveloped models. Thanks to 3D printing techniques, making a prototype with complex geometry has become possible in a short time with unprecedented precision [1].
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Printing As an Alternative Manufacturing Method for the Micro­Gas Turbine Heat Exchanger
    3D Printing as an Alternative Manufacturing Method for the Micro­gas Turbine Heat Exchanger Wolfgang Seiya and Sherry Zhang July 2015 Department of Energy Technology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Pratt School of Engineering, Smarthome Program Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA 1 Acknowledgements We would like to thank InnoEnergy, Compower, and the ‘‘STandUP for Energy’’ project for providing resourceful background information for this study. We owe our deepest gratitude to our advisor, Anders Malmquist for his continuous support for this study throughout the summer. His guidance, motivation, and expertise were invaluable assets in all areas of the study. Our sincere thanks goes to Joachim Claesson at KTH for his time and knowledge on the subject of heat exchangers. We take this opportunity to thank all the company correspondents that took their time and interest to help us with the vast information needed for this study. Lastly, we are immensely grateful to Duke Smart Home Program and its director Jim Gaston for providing us with the opportunity and necessary funds to live in Sweden while conducting this study. 2 I. Table of Contents List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………….… 6 ​ List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………….. 7 ​ Abbreviations and Equation Nomenclature ………………………………………………… 8 ​ Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………...… 9 ​ Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………. 9 ​ Methodology ……………………………………………………………………………….. 10 ​ Materials ……………………………………………………………………………….. 10 ​ Manufacturing ………………………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • History of Additive Manufacturing
    Wohlers Report 2014 History of Additive Manufacturing History of additive This 34‐page document is a part of Wohlers Report 2014 and was created for its readers. The document chronicles the history of additive manufacturing manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing, beginning with the initial by Terry Wohlers and Tim Gornet commercialization of stereolithography in 1987 to May 2013. Developments from May 2013 through April 2014 are available in the complete 276‐page version of the report. An analysis of AM, from the earliest inventions in the 1960s to the 1990s, is included in the final several pages of this document. Additive manufacturing first emerged in 1987 with stereolithography (SL) from 3D Systems, a process that solidifies thin layers of ultraviolet (UV) light‐sensitive liquid polymer using a laser. The SLA‐1, the first commercially available AM system in the world, was the precursor of the once popular SLA 250 machine. (SLA stands for StereoLithography Apparatus.) The Viper SLA product from 3D Systems replaced the SLA 250 many years ago. In 1988, 3D Systems and Ciba‐Geigy partnered in SL materials development and commercialized the first‐generation acrylate resins. DuPont’s Somos stereolithography machine and materials were developed the same year. Loctite also entered the SL resin business in the late 1980s, but remained in the industry only until 1993. After 3D Systems commercialized SL in the U.S., Japan’s NTT Data CMET and Sony/D‐MEC commercialized versions of stereolithography in 1988 and 1989, respectively. NTT Data CMET (now a part of Teijin Seiki, a subsidiary of Nabtesco) called its system Solid Object Ultraviolet Plotter (SOUP), while Sony/D‐MEC (now D‐MEC) called its product Solid Creation System (SCS).
    [Show full text]
  • Manufatura Aditiva Na Transformação Digital - Uma Estratégia a Cumprir
    Manufatura Aditiva na transformação digital - uma estratégia a cumprir Martinho Oliveira EMaRT Group – Emerging: Materials, Research, Technology CICECO – Aveiro’s Institute of Materials Diretor - Escola Superior Aveiro-Norte Universidade de Aveiro Webinar "Digital Take off | Manufatura aditiva na Transformação Digital“ 28 de Maio de 2020 By Microsoft Teams SCHOOL OF DESIGN, MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES NORTHERN AVEIRO Technology | Product development | Materials Oliveira de Azeméis Industrial activity: Plastic and mould industry Car components Metalworking Footwear Cork industry Food products PORTUGAL2 AM landscape (hardware, software, materials, post-processing systems Source: AMFG, 2019 number of polymer and metal AM systems manufacturers Polymer AM manufacturers Metal AM manufacturers Source: AMFG, 2019 Sales evolution of materials and money spent in AM production Sales of materials for polymer powder bed fusion. Money spent annually on part production using AM. Figures are in millions of dollars. Figures are in millions of dollars. Source: Wohlers Report 2019. Source: Wohlers Report 2020 AM: opportunities, key industries and limitations AM is being recognized across different industries Opportunities for AM: decline of some traditional manufacturing sectors environment sustainable products an production methods innovative products and production lines/flux customization global economy centered in the individual 3 key industries: Automotive, Aerospace, Medical Automotive: new products to market quickly and in a cost effective
    [Show full text]
  • Additive Manufacturing – Integration of Functions in EMI-Shields
    1 Royal Institute of Technology Master Thesis Additive Manufacturing – Integration of Functions in EMI-shields Author: Author: André JOHANSSON KUCERA Alexandra LIDHOLM Course: Course: MG212X, Degree Project in Production SE202X, Degree Project Engineering and Management in Solid Mechanics Supervisor KTH: Supervisor KTH: Amir RASHID, Bo ALFREDSSON, professor in Industrial professor in Solid Production Mechanics Examiner KTH: Examiner KTH: Amir RASHID Bo ALFREDSSON Supervisor Saab AB: Mussie GEBRETNSAE June 2019 i Abstract Additive manufacturing enables a simplified production process of components with complex geometry based on computer aided three-dimensional design. The technology of creating components layer-by-layer allows an efficient process with the ability to design parts with specific properties which can be difficult to obtain when conventional manufacturing methods are used. In this master thesis, an EMI shield was analyzed where the choice of manufacturing process was of interest. Producing the shield with additive manufacturing, instead of conventional methods, and how to integrate different materials in the process were investigated. The possibility to produce the shield and its components in the same process would result in a shorter production process with less process steps and would be an effective approach for future applications. In the current EMI shield, each component has a specific function with high demands in terms of temperature resistance, weight and EMC. These requirements must be taken into account when choosing manufacturing method and suitable materials in order to obtain desired characteristics of the shield. In the analysis of creating an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield with multi-materials, a comprehensive literature study was conducted where different AM methods and available materials were investigated.
    [Show full text]